Multifunctional turbine separator and separation method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of substance separation, in particular to a multifunctional turbine separator and a separation method. Comprising a first turbine shell and a second turbine shell, the first turbine shell is located above the second turbine shell, and the first turbine shell and the second turbine shell are connected through a volute connecting pipe; an ascending pipe is arranged in the volute connecting pipe, the bottom end of the ascending pipe is communicated with the second turbine shell, and the top end of the ascending pipe is connected with a water outlet pipe; the water outlet pipe is connected with the second turbine shell through a speed increasing pipe. The device is simple in structure, good in separation effect, high in separation efficiency and small in occupied area.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of material separation, in particular to a multifunctional turbine separator and a separation method. Background Art

[0002] When a ship sails, docks or anchors in waters with a high impurity content, impurities such as solid particles in the water body will cause multiple harms to on-board mechanical equipment: on the one hand, suspended particulate matter will accelerate the wear of mechanical components such as the shaft seals of seawater pumps and water-lubricated stern shafts, shortening the service life of the equipment; on the other hand, the accumulation of impurities is likely to cause fouling of the filters and pipelines of systems such as seawater coolers and water makers, affecting the operation efficiency of the equipment. At the same time, the chimney tail gas emissions and kitchen fume releases generated during the operation of the ship will emit pollutants such as nitrogen oxides, sulfides and volatile organic compounds into the atmosphere, exacerbating the air pollution problem.

[0003] Similar environmental pollution problems also widely exist in other industrial fields and daily life scenarios. For example, the unpurified fume emissions from household kitchens, the industrial wastewater still containing trace amounts of oil after treatment in oil refineries, and the fine dust particles suspended in flour mills. Although these emission sources have taken preliminary treatment measures, the residual pollutants will still have a continuous impact on the surrounding environment. Especially when pollutants accumulate over a long period, it may form a complex environmental pollution through ways such as air diffusion and water body penetration.

[0004] Currently, marine separation equipment generally has the following defects: (1) Problems such as being too large in volume and weight (for example, the traditional centrifugal unit occupies more than 2 m³ of land) and having a short maintenance cycle (the bearing needs to be replaced every 500 hours), making it difficult to adapt to the space limitations of ships; (2) The International Maritime Organization's MARPOL convention requires that the oil-water separation discharge concentration be <15 ppm, while the separation efficiency of existing dynamic separators drops sharply to below 70% when the oil density difference is <50 kg / m³; (3) The treatment of gas-liquid-solid multiphase mixed flow requires multiple devices in series. The ship sewage treatment system needs to go through three stages of treatment: a hydrocyclone for removing particles larger than 100 μm, ceramic membrane filtration for treating emulsions, and activated carbon adsorption; (4) Poor adaptability to dynamic conditions. When the inlet water flow fluctuates by more than ±30%, the separation efficiency of traditional equipment drops by more than 40%. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the above-mentioned defects existing in the prior art, and propose a multifunctional turbine separator and a separation method, which have a simple structure, good separation effect, high separation efficiency and small floor area.

[0006] The technical solution of the present invention is: a multi-functional turbine separator, which includes a first turbine housing and a second turbine housing. The first turbine housing is located above the second turbine housing, and the first turbine housing and the second turbine housing are connected by a volute connecting pipe; An ascending pipe is provided in the volute connecting pipe. The bottom end of the ascending pipe is communicated with the inside of the second turbine housing. The upper end of the ascending pipe penetrates through and is sealedly arranged inside the first turbine housing, and the top end of the ascending pipe is connected to a water outlet pipe; The water outlet pipe is connected to the second turbine housing through an acceleration pipe.

[0007] In the present invention, both the first turbine housing and the second turbine housing include a volute upper end, a volute, and a volute lower end. The connecting surfaces between the volute and the volute upper end, and between the volute and the volute lower end are all smoothly transitioned connecting surfaces.

[0008] Water inlet pipes are provided at the volutes of the first turbine housing and the second turbine housing. The water inlet pipes are tangent to the outer surface of the volute, and the inlet adopts a gradually expanding spiral channel. The spiral channel adopts an Archimedean spiral or a logarithmic spiral, and the cross-sectional area of the channel gradually expands along the flow direction, with an expansion rate of 5-10%.

[0009] The volute connecting pipe is a conical gradually changing circular pipe; The inlet diameter of the connection between the volute connecting pipe and the first turbine housing is smaller than the outlet diameter of the connection between the volute connecting pipe and the second turbine housing.

[0010] The volute upper end of the first turbine housing is connected to the water outlet pipe, and the volute lower end of the first turbine housing is connected to the volute connecting pipe; The volute upper end of the second turbine housing is connected to the bottom of the volute connecting pipe, and the bottom of the volute lower end is connected to a residue discharge pipe. A residue discharge valve is provided on the residue discharge pipe; The open end of the bottom of the ascending pipe is located at the connection between the volute upper end and the volute of the second turbine housing, and the water outlet pipe is connected to the water inlet pipe on the volute of the second turbine housing through an acceleration pipe.

[0011] A photoresistor is provided at the water outlet pipe; A flow regulating valve, a pressure regulating valve, and a second pressure gauge are provided on the acceleration pipe. Through the pressure regulating valve and the second pressure gauge, the pressure difference between the fluid flowing into the second turbine housing from the outlet pipe and the fluid pressure of the first turbine housing is adjusted to 0.5-1 kg, ensuring that normal eddies can be generated in the first turbine housing and the second turbine housing A guide vane group is provided inside the second turbine housing, and the guide vane group is located at the center of the volute of the second turbine housing; The guide vane group includes several conical vanes arranged at intervals in the vertical direction.

[0012] The present invention also includes a method for separating multiphase fluids by using the above-mentioned multifunctional turbine separator, comprising the following steps: S1. The fluid to be separated with a certain velocity tangentially flows into the first turbine housing, forming a fluid rotating at a high speed, generating a vortex centrifugal force within the fluid, and flowing towards the volute connecting pipe under the action of gravity; S2. Within the volute connecting pipe, the fluid to be separated is separated under the action of centrifugal force and stratified radially along the volute connecting pipe. The stratified substances from the central axis of the volute connecting pipe to the pipe wall are substances with gradually increasing density from small to large; The substances with large density continuously accumulate on the inner wall of the volute connecting pipe, and finally fall and deposit at the bottom of the second turbine housing. The fluid with small density accumulates at the axial center of the connecting shaft and falls into the second turbine housing; S3. High-speed rotation of the fluid is achieved within the second turbine housing. Substances with relatively large density accumulate on the inner wall of the second turbine housing under the action of centrifugal force, and finally fall and deposit at the bottom of the second turbine housing. The fluid with small density rises along the rising pipe under the action of centripetal force and is discharged through the outlet pipe to obtain the separated clean fluid.

[0013] In step S1, after the seawater to be separated undergoes circular motion in the first turbine housing, the kinetic energy of the seawater to be separated increases, forming high-speed rotation and generating a turbine centrifugal force within the fluid; In step S2, since the fluids in both the first turbine housing and the second turbine housing are in a high-speed rotation state, the fluid within the volute connecting pipe is also in a high-speed rotation state, and a corresponding turbine centrifugal force is generated within the fluid; In step S3, the high-speed fluid in the outlet pipe is introduced into the second turbine housing by the speed increasing pipe. After the high-speed fluid undergoes circular motion in the second turbine housing, its kinetic energy increases and forms high-speed rotation, causing the fluid in the second turbine housing to form a turbine centrifugal force.

[0014] A photoresistor for detecting the cleanliness of the separated fluid is provided at the outlet pipe. After comparing the measured value of the photoresistor with the set value, a control signal is output to the flow regulating valve to control the opening degree of the flow regulating valve; If the detected value is greater than the set value, then the controller controls the opening degree of the flow regulating valve to increase, and ensures that the pressure difference between the fluid flowing into the second turbine housing from the outlet pipe and the fluid pressure in the first turbine housing is between 0.5 - 1 kg, enabling more fluid to enter the second turbine housing, increasing the centrifugal force of the fluid, and making the separation of the fluid in the second turbine housing cleaner.

[0015] The beneficial effects of the present invention are: (1)This application can achieve two - stage separation and impurity removal of fluids. During the two - stage separation and impurity removal process, dust with a diameter within 5 - 10 um can be trapped, and the separation and impurity removal effect on fluids is obvious. After actual testing, it is found that the seawater purified by it can meet the requirements of the International Maritime Organization, and the oil - water separation discharge concentration < 15 ppm; (2)Applying the device and method of the present invention to the seawater purification system on ships can significantly reduce equipment wear and blockage, increase the service life of the equipment, and greatly reduce the floor space occupied by marine separation equipment. At the same time, it can also be used for the purification of ship fuel, the separation of mixed oil - water, etc.; (3)Based on the continuity equation of fluids, the momentum conservation equation, and the principle of inertial centrifugal force of fluids, this application realizes the separation of multiple fluids. Compared with existing marine separation equipment, it has a simple structure, large operating flexibility, high efficiency, convenient management, and low price; (4)The separation device and method proposed in this application can not only achieve the separation of particulate matter in seawater, but also achieve the separation of various fluids such as kitchen fumes and mixed oil - water impurities in oil refineries, with a wider application range. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention; Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a tapered parabola.

[0017] In the figure: 1. Upper end of the volute; 2. Volute; 3. Lower end of the volute; 4. Volute connecting pipe; 5. Rising pipe; 6. First turbine housing; 7. Water inlet pipe; 8. First pressure gauge; 9. Water outlet pipe; 10. Photoresistor; 11. Second pressure gauge; 12. Pressure regulating valve; 13. Speed - increasing pipe; 14. Flow regulating valve; 15. Drain valve; 16. Drain pipe; 17. Second turbine housing; 18. Blade. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0018] In order to make the above - mentioned objects, features, and advantages of the present invention more obvious and understandable, the following detailed description of the specific embodiments of the present invention will be given in conjunction with the drawings.

[0019] In the following description, specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. However, the present invention can be implemented in many other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar generalizations without departing from the connotation of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited by the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0020] Such as Figure 1As shown in the figure, the multi-functional turbine separator of the present invention includes a first turbine housing 6 and a second turbine housing 17. The first turbine housing 6 is located above the second turbine housing 17, and the first turbine housing 6 and the second turbine housing 17 are connected by a volute connecting pipe 4.

[0021] The structures of the first turbine housings 6 and 17 are exactly the same. As Figure 1 shown, from top to bottom, it includes three parts, namely the upper end of the volute 1, the volute 2, and the lower end of the volute 3. The connecting surface between the volute 2 and the upper end of the volute 1 is a smooth transition surface; similarly, the connecting surface between the volute 2 and the lower end of the volute 3 is also a smooth transition surface.

[0022] In this application, the first turbine housing 6 and the second turbine housing 17 provide a suitable acceleration space for the movement of the fluid, changing the movement form of the fluid from translational motion or linear motion to rotational motion, so that the fluid generates centrifugal force. If the centrifugal force is large enough, solid particles or droplets with large inertial centrifugal force are thrown to the outer wall surface, then the fluid will be separated during the rotational motion, removing solid particle substances such as impurities in the fluid or separating liquids with different densities in the fluid. At the same time, the conversion and transfer of energy are achieved, that is, the kinetic energy of the fluid is converted into the gravitational potential energy of the fluid and then into kinetic energy.

[0023] In this application, water inlet pipes are connected to the volutes of the first turbine housing 6 and the second turbine housing 17. The water inlet pipes are tangent to the outer surface of the volute, and the water inlet pipes adopt an expanding spiral channel. The spiral channel adopts an Archimedean spiral or a logarithmic spiral, and the cross-sectional area of the channel gradually expands along the flow direction, with an expansion rate of 5 - 10%. The spiral angle of the inlet section of the expanding spiral channel is 15 - 25°, and the spiral angle of the outlet section gradually decreases to 5 - 10° to ensure the conservation of angular momentum.

[0024] The first turbine housing 6 and the second turbine housing 17 adopt a three-dimensional composite curved surface structure. As Figure 1 shown, the axial section of the first turbine housing 6 and the second turbine housing 17 adopts a double-curvature curved surface, and the radius of curvature is 1.5 - 2.5 times the diameter of the water inlet of the turbine housing. As Figure 2 shown, at the inner wall of the first turbine housing 6 and the second turbine housing 17, the spiral flow channel from the volute 2 to the lower end of the volute 3 is a gradually shrinking parabola, and the spiral flow channel from the volute 2 to the upper end of the volute 1 is also a gradually shrinking parabola. Its decreasing speed satisfies the v∝1 / r distribution, where r represents the gradually shrinking radius in the gradually shrinking parabola. The inner surface roughness of the first turbine housing 6 and the second turbine housing 17 is controlled to Ra≤3.2μm to reduce the frictional loss of the fluid.

[0025] In addition, the first turbine housing 6 and the second turbine housing 17 in this embodiment also adopt the following parameter designs. The distance between the flange at the water inlet pipe of the first turbine housing 6 and the second turbine housing 17 and the water inlet of the volute is 3-5 times the diameter of the water inlet pipe. While the water inlet pipe 7 is tangent to the outer surface of the volute, it also needs to contract and bend 8-12° towards the outer surface of the volute, so that the water inlet pipe fits towards the turbine housing. In the first turbine housing 6, rib strips are provided at the inner wall surface where the volute 2 and the lower end 3 of the volute are connected, which play a guiding role to facilitate the downward flow of the liquid. The height of the rib strips is 0.1 times the diameter of the water inlet, and the downward spiral lift angle of the rib strips is 45°. The outer wall surfaces of the upper end 1 and the lower end 3 of the volute are both axially contracted relative to the outer wall surface of the volute 2, and the contraction angle is 7-15°. The vertical height H1 of the upper end 1 of the volute is equal to the vertical height H2 of the lower end 3 of the volute, and the ratio of this height value to the diameter D1 of the volute connecting pipe 4 is 1:3 - 1:5.

[0026] A water inlet pipe 7 is provided at the volute of the first turbine housing 6. The fluid to be separated enters the first turbine housing 6 through the water inlet pipe 7. A first pressure gauge 8 is provided at the water inlet pipe 7, and the first pressure gauge 8 is used to detect the pressure at the water inlet pipe 7 in real time. When the inlet flow rate of the water inlet pipe is greater than 3 m / s, an initial centrifugal force field greater than 200 g is generated. After the fluid to be separated enters the first turbine housing 6, the fluid forms a high-speed rotation, thereby forming a turbine centrifugal force. At the same time, the fluid to be separated has already started to gradually stratify in the first turbine housing 6.

[0027] The lower end of the volute of the first turbine housing 6 is connected to the volute connecting pipe 4, and the connection surface is a smooth transition surface. The upper end of the volute of the first turbine housing 6 is connected to the water outlet pipe 9, and the connection surface is a smooth transition surface.

[0028] The volute connecting pipe 4 is a circular pipe. In the circular pipe, the motion mode of the fluid is stratified flow. When the fluid is in a stratified flow state, the distribution of the flow velocity has a certain law. According to the continuity equation and the momentum conservation equation of the fluid, the relationship between the flow velocity distribution of the fluid in the circular pipe and the radius can be obtained.

[0029] In this application, the volute connecting pipe 4 is a conical gradually changing circular pipe. The inlet diameter of the volute connecting pipe 4 at the connection with the first turbine housing is smaller than the outlet diameter of the volute connecting pipe 4 at the connection with the second turbine housing, so as to form a velocity gradient field in the volute connecting pipe 4. In this embodiment, the pipe diameter at the inlet of the volute connecting pipe 4 is 200 mm, and the pipe diameter at the outlet of the turbine connecting block 4 is Φ150 mm.

[0030] According to the continuity equation of the fluid, the relationship between the fluid velocity and the cross-sectional area of the pipe is: the flow velocity of the fluid is inversely proportional to the cross-sectional area of the pipe, that is, the greater the flow velocity, the smaller the cross-sectional area of the pipe. In addition, according to the momentum conservation equation, the relationship between the fluid velocity and the radius is: the fluid velocity is inversely proportional to the square of the pipe radius, that is, the fluid velocity at the center of the pipe is the largest, and the fluid velocity at the pipe wall is the smallest.

[0031] In summary, the present application realizes separation of substances with different densities in the fluid in the volute connecting pipe 4 through the stratified flow of the fluid and the centrifugal force when the fluid rotates.

[0032] The volute connecting pipe 4 is used to connect the first turbine housing 6 and the second turbine housing. After the high kinetic energy fluid flows through the volute connecting pipe 4, it is converted into a higher centrifugal force. Under the action of the centrifugal force, the materials with different densities in the fluid form layers in the volute connecting pipe 4, and the density of the layered materials gradually increases from the central axis of the connecting pipe to the pipe wall.

[0033] The second turbine housing 17 is used to contain impurities and to make the fluid form a vortex again in the second turbine housing to increase the rotation speed of the fluid. During the high-speed rotation of the fluid, the second stratification and impurity removal process of the fluid is completed.

[0034] The volute upper end 1 is connected to the bottom of the volute connecting pipe 4, and the volute upper end 1 and the volute connecting pipe 4 are smoothly connected.

[0035] A guide vane group is arranged in the second turbine housing 17, and the guide vane group includes 2-3 conical blades 18 arranged at intervals in the vertical direction, and the inclination angle of the conical blades 18 is 30°. The conical blades are fixed in the second turbine housing 17 by a support frame. In this embodiment, the guide vane group is arranged at the center of the volute in the middle of the second turbine housing 17. By arranging the guide vane group, it is possible to prevent the impurities deposited in the lower end of the volute from rising, and to guide the fluid in the second turbine housing 17, and guide the clean fluid obtained after separation to the center of the second turbine housing.

[0036] A riser 5 is provided in the volute connecting pipe 4, and the bottom opening of the riser 5 is located at the connection between the volute upper end 1 and the volute 2, and the bottom opening of the riser 5 is outwardly expanded to facilitate the introduction of clean fluid into the riser 5. The upper end of the riser 5 is sealed and arranged in the first turbine housing 6, and the top of the riser 5 is connected to the outlet pipe 9. A residual discharge pipe 16 is connected to the bottom of the volute lower end 3, and a residual discharge valve 15 is provided at the residual discharge pipe 16. The residual discharge pipe 16 is used to discharge high-density materials such as separated particles. The residual discharge valve 15 receives a control signal from the controller and opens the residual discharge at a set time interval.

[0037] The volute 2 of the second turbine housing 17 is connected to the water outlet pipe 9 through an acceleration pipe 13: the lower end of the acceleration pipe 13 is communicated with the inlet pipe at the volute 2, and the upper end of the acceleration pipe 13 is communicated with the water outlet pipe 9. The riser pipe 5 and the water outlet pipe 9 are used to discharge the purified fluid out of the entire volute structure, while the acceleration pipe 13 is used to lead a part of the high-speed fluid to be discharged in the water outlet pipe 9 into the second turbine housing, so that the fluid in the second turbine housing is accelerated and a vortex is generated, further increasing the rotational kinetic energy of the fluid in the second turbine housing, increasing the centrifugal force of the fluid, and realizing the secondary stratification and impurity removal of the fluid in the second turbine housing, making the fluid separation cleaner; in addition, since the fluid in the water outlet pipe 9 is relatively clean fluid, after the clean fluid flows back into the second turbine housing, it can play a certain dilution role on the fluid in the second turbine housing and improve the separation effect.

[0038] A flow regulating valve 14, a pressure regulating valve 12, and a second pressure gauge 11 are provided on the acceleration pipe 13. The second pressure gauge 11 is used to detect the pressure at the connection between the acceleration pipe 13 and the second turbine housing in real time. The pressure regulating valve 12 is used to adjust the return pressure of the fluid flowing back from the riser pipe 5 or the water outlet pipe 9 back into the second turbine housing, that is, the inlet pressure of the fluid flowing back into the second turbine housing. The flow regulating valve 14 directly receives the control signal of the controller and has its own valve position feedback signal, and it is used to control the fluid flow in the acceleration pipe 13.

[0039] In this application, the return pressure in the acceleration pipe 13 and the inlet water pressure at the water inlet pipe 7 must satisfy: ensuring that the pressure difference between the fluid pressure flowing into the second turbine housing from the outlet pipe and the fluid pressure in the first turbine housing is within the range of 0.5 - 1 kg, so as to ensure that the centrifugal forces received by the fluids in the first turbine housing and the second turbine housing do not deviate too much or too little, and try to ensure that the kinetic energies of the fluids in the first turbine housing and the second turbine housing are the same, which is more conducive to the separation of substances in the fluid. Since high-speed rotation of the fluid can be generated in both the first turbine housing and the second turbine housing, the fluid in the volute connecting pipe 4 also generates high-speed rotation.

[0040] A photoresistor 10 is provided at the water outlet pipe 9, which is used to detect the cleanliness of the separated fluid, convert the detected optical signal into an electrical signal and transmit it to the controller. After the controller compares the measured value and the set value of the photoresistor, it outputs a control signal to the flow regulating valve 14 to control the opening degree of the flow regulating valve 14. If the detected value is greater than the set value, then the controller controls the opening degree of the flow regulating valve 14 to increase appropriately, ensuring that the pressure difference between the fluid pressure flowing into the second turbine housing from the outlet pipe and the fluid pressure in the first turbine housing is within the range of 0.5 - 1 kg. More fluid enters the second turbine housing, increasing the centrifugal force of the fluid and making the fluid separation cleaner.

[0041] After the high-kinetic-energy fluid flows through the volute connecting pipe 4, it is transformed into a higher centrifugal force. Under the action of the centrifugal force, substances with different densities in the fluid form layers in the connecting pipe, and the density of the substances in the layers gradually increases from the central axis of the connecting pipe to the pipe wall. Substances with a large density in the fluid continuously accumulate on the inner wall of the volute connecting pipe 4. When the substances with a large density accumulate to a certain weight, they will break free from the bondage of the centrifugal force and perform a free-fall motion, and will move downward along the inner wall of the volute connecting pipe 4 into the volute lower end 3 of the second turbine housing 17.

[0042] The remaining fluid then accumulates and moves near the axial center and converges into the volute upper end and the volute of the second turbine housing 17. After being accelerated by the second turbine housing, the kinetic energy of the substances with a relatively large density in the fluid further increases, and under the action of the centrifugal force, they continuously accumulate at the inner wall of the second turbine housing. When they accumulate to a certain weight, they will break free from the bondage of the centrifugal force and perform a free-fall motion, and finally accumulate in the volute lower end 3 of the second turbine housing 17. The substances with the smallest density in the fluid are far less affected by the centrifugal force than the centripetal force required for their circular motion, and flow out through the opening at the bottom of the riser pipe 5 to the water outlet pipe 9. The fluid with the smallest density is usually the relatively clean water obtained after separation and impurity removal. Therefore, the device can realize the impurity removal process of water.

[0043] This application also includes a method for separating a multiphase mixed fluid by using the above-mentioned multifunctional turbine separator, which includes the following steps.

[0044] First, the fluid to be separated with a certain speed flows tangentially into the volute of the first turbine housing after passing through the water inlet pipe 7. In this embodiment, the fluid to be separated is specifically seawater to be separated.

[0045] After the seawater to be separated undergoes circular motion in the first turbine housing, the kinetic energy of the seawater to be separated increases, causing the seawater to be separated to form a high-speed rotation, and then a turbine centrifugal force is formed. Under the action of its own gravity, the rotating fluid flows from the first turbine housing to the volute connecting pipe 4.

[0046] Second, the first separation and impurity removal of the fluid to be separated is completed in the volute connecting pipe.

[0047] Since the fluids in the first turbine housing and the second turbine housing are both in a high-speed rotation state, the fluid in the volute connecting pipe 4 is also driven to rotate at a high speed. In the volute connecting pipe 4, the substances in the fluid to be separated are continuously separated under the action of the centrifugal force formed by the high-speed rotation, and fluid stratification occurs along the radial direction of the volute connecting pipe: the substances in the layers from the central axis of the volute connecting pipe 4 to the pipe wall are substances with small to large densities.

[0048] The substances with higher density in the fluid to be separated continuously accumulate on the inner wall of the volute connecting pipe 4 under the action of centrifugal force. When the substances with higher density accumulate to a certain weight, they will break free from the restraint of centrifugal force and perform free-fall motion, moving downward along the inner wall of the volute connecting pipe 4 and falling and depositing in the volute lower end 3 at the bottom of the second turbine housing.

[0049] The fluid with lower density in the fluid to be separated accumulates at the axial center of the volute connecting pipe 4 and will eventually fall into the volute 2 of the second turbine housing under the action of gravity.

[0050] Step 3: Complete the second separation and impurity removal of the fluid to be separated within the second turbine housing.

[0051] A part of the high-speed fluid discharged through the water outlet pipe is introduced into the second turbine housing again by the speed increasing pipe and forms high-speed rotation within the second turbine housing through the circular motion of the second turbine housing, generating a vortex in the fluid within the second turbine housing, thereby forming a vortex centrifugal force in the fluid.

[0052] After being accelerated by the second turbine housing, the kinetic energy of the substances with relatively higher density in the fluid of the second turbine housing further increases and continuously accumulates on the inner wall of the second turbine housing under the action of centrifugal force. When the substances with higher density accumulate to a certain weight, they will break free from the restraint of centrifugal force and perform free-fall motion, moving downward along the inner wall of the second turbine housing and falling and depositing in the volute lower end 3 at the bottom of the second turbine housing. When the impurities in the volute lower end 3 accumulate to a certain quantity, the controller controls the drain valve 15 to open, and the substances with higher density obtained after separation will be automatically discharged along the drain pipe 16.

[0053] The centrifugal force received by the fluid with lower density in the second turbine housing is much smaller than the centripetal force required for its circular motion. Therefore, the substances with lower density perform centripetal motion, enter the riser pipe 5 through the opening at the bottom end of the riser pipe 5, and are discharged from the entire device through the outlet pipe 9, thereby obtaining relatively clean water after separation and impurity removal.

[0054] Repeat the above steps 1 to 3 to realize the separation and impurity removal process of seawater and obtain clean seawater.

[0055] The above has introduced in detail the multi-functional turbine separator and separation method provided by the present invention. Specific examples are used in this text to elaborate on the principle and implementation manner of the present invention. The description of the above embodiments is only used to help understand the method and its core idea of the present invention. It should be noted that for those of ordinary skill in the art in this technical field, without departing from the principle of the present invention, several improvements and modifications can still be made to the present invention, and these improvements and modifications also fall within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention. The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to implement or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be obvious to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein can be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention will not be limited to these embodiments shown herein, but rather will conform to the broadest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A multifunctional turbine separator, characterized in that, It includes a first turbine housing and a second turbine housing. The first turbine housing is located above the second turbine housing, and the first turbine housing and the second turbine housing are connected by a volute connecting pipe. An upcomer is provided in the volute connecting pipe. The bottom end of the upcomer is communicated with the inside of the second turbine housing. The upper end of the upcomer penetrates through and is sealedly arranged inside the first turbine housing, and the top end of the upcomer is connected with a water outlet pipe. The water outlet pipe is connected with the second turbine housing through an acceleration pipe.

2. The multifunctional turbine separator according to claim 1, wherein Both the first turbine housing and the second turbine housing include a volute upper end, a volute and a volute lower end. The connecting surfaces between the volute and the volute upper end, and between the volute and the volute lower end are all smooth transition connecting surfaces.

3. The multifunctional turbine separator according to claim 2, characterized in that Water inlet pipes are provided at the volutes of the first turbine housing and the second turbine housing. The water inlet pipes are tangent to the outer surface of the volute, and the inlet adopts a gradually expanding spiral channel. The spiral channel adopts an Archimedean spiral or a logarithmic spiral, and the cross-sectional area of the channel gradually expands along the flow direction, with an expansion rate of 5 - 10%.

4. The multi-functional turbine separator according to claim 1, characterized in that, The volute connecting pipe is a conical gradually changing circular pipe. The inlet diameter at the connection of the volute connecting pipe and the first turbine housing is smaller than the outlet diameter at the connection of the volute connecting pipe and the second turbine housing.

5. The multifunctional turbine separator according to claim 2, wherein The volute upper end of the first turbine housing is connected with the water outlet pipe, and the volute lower end of the first turbine housing is connected with the volute connecting pipe. The volute upper end of the second turbine housing is connected with the bottom of the volute connecting pipe, and the bottom of the volute lower end is connected with a residue discharge pipe. A residue discharge valve is provided on the residue discharge pipe. The open end at the bottom of the upcomer is located at the connection between the volute upper end and the volute of the second turbine housing, and the water outlet pipe is connected with the water inlet pipe on the volute of the second turbine housing through an acceleration pipe.

6. The multifunctional turbine separator according to claim 1, wherein, A photoresistor is provided at the water outlet pipe. A flow regulating valve, a pressure regulating valve and a second pressure gauge are provided on the acceleration pipe. By means of the pressure regulating valve and the second pressure gauge, the difference between the fluid pressure flowing into the second turbine housing from the outlet pipe and the fluid pressure of the first turbine housing is adjusted to be 0.5 - 1 kg.

7. The multi-functional turbine separator according to claim 1, characterized in that, A guide vane group is provided inside the second turbine housing, and the guide vane group is located at the center of the volute of the second turbine housing. The guide vane group includes several conical vanes arranged at intervals in the vertical direction.

8. A method for realizing multiphase fluid separation by using the multifunctional turbine separator according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: S1. The fluid to be separated with a certain speed tangentially flows into the first turbine housing to form a high-speed rotating fluid. Vortex centrifugal force is generated in the fluid, and it flows towards the volute connecting pipe under the action of gravity. S2. Inside the volute connecting pipe, the fluid to be separated is separated under the action of centrifugal force and is stratified along the radial direction of the volute connecting pipe. The stratified substances from the central axis of the volute connecting pipe to the pipe wall are substances with small density to large density respectively. The substances with large density continuously accumulate on the inner wall of the volute connecting pipe and finally fall and deposit at the bottom of the second turbine housing, and the fluid with small density accumulates at the axial center of the connecting shaft and falls into the second turbine housing. S3. Achieve high-speed rotation of the fluid within the second turbine housing. Substances with relatively high density gather on the inner wall of the second turbine housing under the action of centrifugal force, and finally fall and deposit at the bottom of the second turbine housing. The fluid with low density rises along the riser pipe under the action of centripetal force and is discharged through the outlet pipe to obtain the separated clean fluid.

9. The separation method according to claim 8, wherein In step S1, after the seawater to be separated undergoes circular motion in the first turbine housing, the kinetic energy of the seawater to be separated increases and forms high-speed rotation, generating a turbine centrifugal force within the fluid. In step S2, since the fluids in both the first turbine housing and the second turbine housing are in a high-speed rotation state, the fluid in the volute connecting pipe is also in a high-speed rotation state, and a corresponding turbine centrifugal force is generated within the fluid. In step S3, the high-speed fluid in the outlet pipe is introduced into the second turbine housing by the speed increasing pipe. After the high-speed fluid undergoes circular motion in the second turbine housing, its kinetic energy increases and forms high-speed rotation, causing the fluid in the second turbine housing to generate a turbine centrifugal force.

10. The separation method according to claim 8, wherein A photoresistor for detecting the cleanliness of the separated fluid is provided at the outlet pipe. After comparing the measured value of the photoresistor with the set value, a control signal is output to the flow regulating valve to control the opening degree of the flow regulating valve. If the detected value is greater than the set value, then the controller controls the opening degree of the flow regulating valve to increase, and ensures that the pressure difference between the fluid flowing into the second turbine housing from the outlet pipe and the fluid pressure in the first turbine housing is within the range of 0.5 - 1 kg, enabling more fluid to enter the second turbine housing, increasing the centrifugal force of the fluid, and making the separation of the fluid in the second turbine housing cleaner.

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