A high-precision straightening machine for shaft bars

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of bar straightening, specifically a high-precision straightening machine for shaft-type bars, comprising a lower pressure head, a support head and an end bearing head, wherein the support heads are symmetrically arranged and constitute two lower support points, and auxiliary pressure heads are symmetrically arranged on the lower pressure head; each support head is symmetrically arranged with a side pressure head on one side away from the lower pressure head, and a synchronous associated head is arranged between the side pressure head and the corresponding auxiliary pressure head, and the symmetrically arranged side pressure heads cooperate with the corresponding auxiliary pressure heads to form a side pulling unit. In the process of the present invention using the lower pressure head to press the bar for straightening, the side pressure head automatically establishes a limiting connection relationship with the auxiliary pressure head through the synchronous associated head and forms a side pulling unit, and the side pulling unit automatically pulls the bar outward from the outside of the lower support point during the process of the lower pressure head contacting the bar and pressing down, effectively reducing the elastic recovery after unloading, improving the straightening effect, and correspondingly reducing the number of iterative straightening cycles in the same area, shortening the straightening time, and improving the straightening efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of bar straightening, in particular to a high-precision straightening machine for shaft bars. Background Art

[0002] As a key component in the mechanical manufacturing industry, shaft bars inevitably experience bending and deformation during rolling, heat treatment, cutting, storage, and transportation. This deformation directly affects the subsequent finishing quality, assembly accuracy, and the overall performance and service life of the product.

[0003] The three-point bending straightening method is a commonly used straightening method for shaft bars. It mainly uses two lower support points to form a span. The lower pressure head located above the middle of the span applies a load to the bent bulge of the bar, causing the local area to produce plastic bending deformation that is opposite to the original bending and exceeds the yield limit of the material, so that the bar can be straightened with the help of elastic recovery after unloading.

[0004] Existing high-precision straightening equipment generally integrates online detection systems (laser scanning, multi-probe contact measurement) and actuators to achieve automatic identification of bending positions and precise positioning of the straightening head, significantly improving the detection and positioning efficiency. However, in the actual straightening process, the expected plastic deformation caused by downward pressure will be partially offset by the accompanying elastic deformation recovery (i.e. rebound) during unloading. This rebound amount is often considerable, resulting in the actual residual curvature of the bar after a single straightening still being difficult to approach high-precision requirements. In order to compensate for the rebound amount and achieve the target straightness, the equipment needs to perform multiple "detection-downward pressure straightening-re-detection" operations on the same bending part. Each iterative cycle significantly increases the straightening time of a single workpiece, restricting the improvement of overall efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a high-precision straightening machine for shaft bars, including a lower pressure head, a support head and an end bearing head. The support heads are symmetrically arranged and constitute two lower support points. The lower pressure head is arranged above the middle of the two lower support points. The support head moves synchronously along the axial direction of the bar as the lower pressure head moves downward; auxiliary pressure heads are symmetrically arranged on the lower pressure head, and the auxiliary pressure heads are located on both sides of the lower pressure head distributed along the axial direction of the bar; each support head is symmetrically arranged with a side pressure head on the side away from the lower pressure head, and a synchronous associated head is arranged between the side pressure head and the corresponding auxiliary pressure head, and the symmetrically arranged side pressure heads cooperate with the corresponding auxiliary pressure heads to form a side pulling unit; before the lower pressure head moves down to contact the bar, the synchronous associated head automatically establishes a limiting connection between the auxiliary pressure head and the corresponding side pressure head; in the process of the lower pressure head contacting the bar and pressing down for straightening, the auxiliary pressure head elastically presses the bar and moves along the axial direction of the bar away from the lower pressure head; under the action of the limiting connection of the synchronous associated head, the side pressure head follows the auxiliary pressure head to move synchronously along the axial direction of the bar and elastically clamp the bar.

[0006] In one possible implementation, the synchronous associated head includes a limit member installed on the auxiliary pressure head and a limit seat installed on the side pressure head. The limit member automatically moves into the limit seat as the lower pressure head moves downward and automatically separates from the limit seat as the lower pressure head moves upward.

[0007] In a possible implementation, the limiting member is cylindrical, and the limiting seat is a limiting groove with a trumpet-shaped guide area provided at the entrance.

[0008] In one possible implementation, the auxiliary pressure head includes an elastic hinged rod that is inclined and hinged, and a pressure wheel is rotatably installed on one end of the elastic hinged rod away from the hinge point. The pressure wheel is provided with an annular limiting groove. During the axial movement of the pressure wheel along the rod, the rod is always located in the limiting groove.

[0009] In one possible implementation, the side pressure head includes: a sliding seat one, which is slidably mounted on the support head along the axial direction of the rod; a sliding seat two, which is horizontally arranged and elastically slidably mounted on the sliding seat one along the radial direction of the rod; a contact column, which is rotatably mounted on the sliding seat two and is in direct contact with the rod; a wedge-shaped limiting area, which is arranged on the support head and is used to limit the sliding seat two, so that the sliding seat two gradually moves closer to the rod during the axial movement of the rod, and the contact column changes from a state of not contacting the rod to a state of elastically pressing the rod.

[0010] In a possible implementation, the sliding seat is elastically and position-limitedly slidably mounted on the support head.

[0011] In one possible implementation, the end receiving joints are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the lower pressure head along the axial direction of the rod, and the end receiving joints include horizontal receiving shafts that are symmetrically arranged along the radial direction of the rod and roll in the same direction, and the area between the two symmetrical receiving shafts is the receiving area, and the rod falls into the receiving area.

[0012] The above one or more technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention have at least one of the following technical effects: a high-precision straightening machine for shaft bars provided by the embodiments of the present invention, in the process of using the lower pressure head to press the bar for straightening, the side pressure head automatically establishes a limiting connection relationship with the auxiliary pressure head through the synchronous association head and forms a side pulling unit, and the side pulling unit automatically pulls the bar outward from the outside of the lower support point during the process of the lower pressure head contacting the bar and pressing down, effectively reducing the elastic recovery after unloading, improving the straightening effect, and correspondingly reducing the number of iterative straightening cycles in the same area, shortening the straightening time, and improving the straightening efficiency; and the symmetrical side pressure heads form effective lateral constraints on the bar during the side pulling and resetting stages, effectively preventing the bar from offsetting during the straightening and unloading process, and at the same time effectively improving the stability and repeatability of the straightening process, and the side pulling unit does not require an additional driving source, and is completely triggered by the downward pressing action of the lower pressure head, which significantly simplifies the mechanism and improves the reliability of the overall structure. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0013] Figure 1 The present invention provides a schematic structural diagram of a downward pressure head, a supporting head and an end bearing head of a high-precision straightening machine for shaft bars.

[0014] Figure 2 The diagram is a partial cross-sectional structural diagram of a high-precision straightening machine for shaft bars provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0015] Figure 3 It is a structural schematic diagram of an elastic hinged rod, a pressure wheel, a limiting member, a limiting seat and a sliding seat of a high-precision straightening machine for shaft bars provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0016] Figure 4 It is a structural schematic diagram of a sliding seat 2 and a contact column of a high-precision straightening machine for shaft bars provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0017] Figure 5 It is a structural schematic diagram of a wedge-shaped limiting area of ​​a high-precision straightening machine for shaft bars provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0018] In the figure: 1. Lower pressure head; 2. Support head; 3. End bearing joint; 4. Auxiliary pressure head; 41. Elastic hinged rod; 42. Pressure wheel; 43. Limiting groove; 44. Elastic member; 5. Side pressure head; 51. Sliding seat 1; 52. Sliding seat 2; 53. Contact column; 54. Wedge-shaped limiting area; 6. Synchronous associated head; 61. Limiting member; 62. Limiting seat; 7. Rod; 8. Mounting seat 1; 9. Mounting seat 2. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] To make the above-mentioned objects, features, and advantages of the present invention more readily apparent, specific embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following description sets forth numerous specific details to facilitate a full understanding of the present invention. However, the present invention can be implemented in many other ways than those described below, and those skilled in the art may make similar modifications without departing from the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0020] See also Figure 1 , a high-precision straightening machine for shaft bars, including a lower pressure head 1, a supporting head 2 and an end bearing head 3. The supporting head 2 is symmetrically arranged on the left and right and constitutes two lower supporting points for supporting the bar 7. The lower pressure head 1 is arranged between the two lower supporting points and above the bar 7. The lower pressure head 1 moves down to press the bar 7. Combined with the support of the two lower supporting points on the bar 7, the bar 7 is straightened by the three-point bending straightening method, and the supporting head 2 and the lower pressure head 1 are both lifted and installed on a mounting seat (not shown in the figure) that moves horizontally to the left and right. The mounting seat moves horizontally to the area to be straightened, and then the supporting head 2 rises to the preset position to form a lower supporting point, and then the lower pressure head 1 presses down to straighten the bar 7. The lower pressure head 1 and the supporting head 2 are both provided with arc grooves, and the bar 7 is located in the arc grooves, which can effectively prevent the bar 7 from shifting during the straightening process.

[0021] See Figure 1 、 Figure 3 and Figure 4 The axially symmetrically arranged side pressure heads 5 are respectively arranged on the left and right sides of the lower pressure head 1, and the axially symmetrically arranged side pressure heads 5 are respectively arranged on the side of each supporting head 2 away from the lower pressure head 1. The axially symmetrically arranged side pressure heads 5 are respectively arranged on the two sides of the rod 7, and a synchronous associating head 6 is arranged between the side pressure heads 5 and the corresponding auxiliary pressure heads 4. Before the lower pressure head 1 moves down and contacts the rod 7, the synchronous associating head 6 automatically establishes a limiting connection between the auxiliary pressure head 4 and the corresponding side pressure head 5, so that the corresponding side pressure head 5 moves outward synchronously with the auxiliary pressure head 4 to form a side pulling unit. The side pulling unit side-pull the rod 7 during the process of the lower pressure head 1 pressing down and straightening, effectively reducing the elastic reset after straightening, improving the straightening effect, reducing the number of iterative straightening cycles in the same area, and shortening the straightening time accordingly. The side pulling unit is linked with the lower pressure head 1, and there is no need to add an independent drive, which effectively improves the efficiency and stability of high-precision straightening.

[0022] See Figure 1 、 Figure 2 and Figure 3The lower pressing head 1 is fixedly connected to a mounting seat 8, and the auxiliary pressing head 4 includes an elastic hinge rod 41 arranged obliquely, and the elastic hinge rod 41 is symmetrical on the left and right to form a regular eight-shaped structure. The upper end of the elastic hinge rod 41 is hingedly connected to the mounting seat 8, an elastic member 44 is connected between the middle and the mounting seat 8, and a pressure wheel 42 is rotatably installed at the lower end. An annular limiting groove 43 is provided on the pressure wheel 42. When the lower pressing head 1 moves down and contacts the rod 7, the pressure wheel 42 also contacts the rod 7 and the rod 7 is located in the limiting groove 43. Then, as the lower pressing head 1 moves down, the pressure wheel 42 moves outward along the axial direction of the rod 7 (that is, away from the direction of the lower pressing head 1) and exerts an elastic force on the rod 7 under the action of the elastic member 44. The limiting groove 43 on the pressure wheel 42 can limit the rod 7 in the front and rear directions, thereby improving the accuracy of its position and effectively preventing the rod 7 from deviating during the straightening process and affecting the straightening effect.

[0023] See Figure 1 、 Figure 2 、 Figure 3 、 Figure 4 and Figure 5 , the side of the support head 2 away from the lower pressure head 1 is fixedly connected to the mounting seat 2 9, the side pressure head 5 includes a sliding seat 1 51, the sliding seat 1 51 is slidably mounted on the mounting seat 2 9, the sliding seat 1 52 is elastically slidably mounted on the sliding seat 1 51, and the side of the sliding seat 2 52 close to the rod 7 is rotatably mounted with a contact column 53, and a wedge-shaped limiting area 54 is provided on the mounting seat 2 9; the contact column 53 is located on the side of the pressure wheel 42 away from the lower pressure head 1; combined Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, the sliding seat 2 52 is a connecting block fixedly connected to the sliding column. The sliding column is distributed from top to bottom and is connected to the sliding seat 1 51 for front and rear sliding. The end of the sliding column that contacts the wedge-shaped limit area 54 is rotated and provided with a contact ball. The wedge-shaped limit area 54 is located on the side of the sliding column away from the corresponding connecting block. When the side pressure head 5 moves outward with the auxiliary pressure head 4, the sliding column drives the connecting block to gradually move toward the direction of the rod 7 under the limitation of the wedge-shaped limit area 54, so that the contact column 53 gradually presses against the rod 7. The front and rear symmetrical side pressure heads 5 form a clamping structure. Combined with the action of the auxiliary pressure head 4, it effectively pulls the rod 7 sideways and suppresses the rod 7 from tilting upward, effectively reducing the elastic recovery after unloading. Among them, when the side pressure head 5 is in the initial state, the contact column 53 does not contact the rod 7, so that the support head 2 can perform lifting and lowering movements.

[0024] See Figure 1 、 Figure 3 and Figure 5 The synchronous associated head 6 includes a limit member 61 mounted on the auxiliary pressure head 4 and a limit seat 62 mounted on the side pressure head 5; Figure 3As shown, the limiting member 61 is shaft-shaped and passes through the elastic hinge rod 41 to be coaxially fixedly connected to the pressure wheel 42. The limiting seat 62 is a limiting groove with a trumpet-shaped guide area at the entrance. The limiting groove is provided on the sliding seat 1 51. When the auxiliary pressure head 4 moves downward with the lower pressure head 1, the limiting member 61 enters the limiting seat 62, automatically establishing a limiting connection. Thereafter, the pressure wheel 42 moves axially along the rod 7, synchronously driving the sliding seat 1 51 to move. When the lower pressure head 1 moves upward, the limiting member 61 automatically separates from the limiting seat 62 as the lower pressure head 1 moves upward. Among them, an elastic reset member (not shown in the figure) is connected between the sliding seat 1 51 and the mounting seat 2 9. The initial position of the sliding seat 1 51 and the initial position of the elastic hinge rod 41 are both limited settings, facilitating the precise reset of the two under the action of the elastic force, thereby facilitating the repeated establishment of the limiting connection state by the synchronously associated head 6.

[0025] See Figure 1 The end socket joints 3 are symmetrically distributed on the left and right, and the end socket joints 3 include receiving shafts that are symmetrical front and back and roll in the same direction. The mounting seat 8 is located between the front and rear end socket joints 3. The area between the two symmetrical receiving shafts is the receiving area. The rod 7 falls in the receiving area. The receiving area can automatically position the rod 7 and facilitate the removal and placement of the rod 7.

[0026] In the embodiments of the present invention, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, a first feature being "above" or "below" a second feature may mean that the first and second features are in direct contact, or that the first and second features are in indirect contact through an intermediate medium. Furthermore, a first feature being "above," "above," or "above" a second feature may mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. A first feature being "below," "below," or "below" a second feature may mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is at a lower level than the second feature.

[0027] In the description of the present invention, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "disposed," "connected," "installed," and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, they may refer to fixed or detachable connections, integral or sliding connections; mechanical or electrical connections; direct or indirect connections through an intermediate medium; or internal communication between two components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention based on specific circumstances.

[0028] The embodiments of this specific implementation method are all preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, any equivalent changes made based on the structure, shape, and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-precision straightening machine for shaft bars, comprising a pressing head, a supporting head and an end bearing head, wherein the supporting heads are symmetrically arranged and form two lower supporting points, and the pressing head is arranged above the middle of the two lower supporting points, characterized in that: The support head moves synchronously along the axial direction of the bar as the pressing head moves downward; Auxiliary pressing heads are symmetrically arranged on the lower pressing head, and the auxiliary pressing heads are located on both sides of the lower pressing head distributed along the axial direction of the bar; Each support head is symmetrically provided with a side pressure head on one side away from the lower pressure head, and a synchronous association head is provided between the side pressure head and the corresponding auxiliary pressure head, and the symmetrically provided side pressure head cooperates with the corresponding auxiliary pressure head to form a side pulling unit; Before the lower pressure head moves down to contact the bar, the synchronous association head automatically establishes a limit connection between the auxiliary pressure head and the corresponding side pressure head; When the pressing head contacts the bar and presses down to straighten it, the auxiliary pressing head elastically presses the bar and moves along the axial direction of the bar away from the pressing head. The side pressure head moves synchronously along the axial direction of the bar material following the auxiliary pressure head under the limiting connection action of the synchronous associated head and elastically clamps the bar material.

2. The high-precision straightening machine for shaft bars according to claim 1, characterized in that: The synchronous association head includes a limit piece installed on the auxiliary pressure head and a limit seat installed on the side pressure head. The limit piece automatically enters the limit seat as the lower pressure head moves downward and automatically separates from the limit seat as the lower pressure head moves upward.

3. The high-precision straightening machine for shaft bars according to claim 2, characterized in that: The limiting member is cylindrical, and the limiting seat is a limiting groove with a trumpet-shaped guide area at the entrance.

4. A high-precision straightening machine for shaft bars according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The auxiliary pressure head includes an elastic hinged rod that is inclined and hinged. A pressure wheel is rotatably installed on one end of the elastic hinged rod away from the hinge point. An annular limiting groove is provided on the pressure wheel. During the axial movement of the pressure wheel along the rod, the rod is always located in the limiting groove.

5. A high-precision straightening machine for shaft bars according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The side pressure head comprises: Sliding seat 1 is installed on the supporting head for sliding along the axial direction of the rod; The second sliding seat is arranged horizontally and elastically slidably mounted on the first sliding seat along the radial direction of the rod; A contact column is rotatably mounted on the second sliding seat and is in direct contact with the rod; The wedge-shaped limiting area is provided on the support head and is used to limit the sliding seat 2, so that the sliding seat 2 gradually moves closer to the rod during the axial movement of the rod, and the contact column changes from a state of not contacting the rod to a state of elastically pressing the rod.

6. The high-precision straightening machine for shaft bars according to claim 5, characterized in that: The sliding seat is elastically and position-limitingly slidably mounted on the supporting head.

7. The high-precision straightening machine for shaft bars according to claim 2, characterized in that: The end receiving joints are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the lower pressure head along the axial direction of the rod. The end receiving joints include horizontal receiving shafts that are symmetrically arranged along the radial direction of the rod and roll in the same direction. The area between the two symmetrical receiving shafts is the receiving area, and the rod falls into the receiving area.

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