Positioning method for anchoring offshore wind power installation platform by offshore wind power transport ship

Abstract

A positioning method for an offshore wind power installation platform anchored by an offshore wind power transport ship comprises the following steps that after the transport ship drives near a ship position of the offshore wind power installation platform, the ship position of the transport ship is adjusted, and a ship bow sails in a top flow mode; the distance and orientation of the transport ship are monitored in real time, and a certain interval is kept between the offshore wind power installation platform and the transport ship; in the process that the transport ship gets close to the offshore wind power installation platform, anchoring is conducted for the first time; when the bow of the transport ship is flush with the bow of the offshore wind power installation platform, anchoring for the second time; after the transport ship is stabilized, anchoring for the third time; and the transport ship slowly gets close to the offshore wind power installation ship in parallel, and when the portside of the transport ship is at a proper operation position away from the offshore wind power installation platform, anchor gear combination operation is stopped, and anchoring positioning operation is completed. According to the positioning method for anchoring the offshore wind power installation platform by the offshore wind power transport ship, the unloading efficiency of offshore wind turbine generators in offshore deepwater areas in China can be greatly improved, and the safety risk is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of offshore wind power installation, in particular to a positioning method for an offshore wind power transport ship to moor an offshore wind power installation platform. Background Art

[0002] Offshore wind power installation operations have high safety risks. Especially when a transport ship berths at an offshore wind power installation platform, generally to avoid collisions when the transport ship berths at the offshore wind power installation platform, usually a positioning barge is arranged between the offshore wind power installation platform and the transport ship. The positioning barge is positioned by 4 groups of large-grip anchors. Before the transport ship unloads goods, the positioning barge first hauls the anchors to a position slightly farther away from the offshore wind power installation platform. The transport ship berths at the positioning barge for cable fixing, and then the positioning barge and the transport ship haul the anchors together, relying on the large-grip anchors of the positioning barge for traction and displacement, and finally approach the designated position of the offshore wind power installation platform. The offshore wind power installation platform uses a crane for unloading operations.

[0003] The development of offshore wind farms in China has gradually shifted from shallow coastal waters to deep offshore waters. The sea conditions are becoming more and more complex, and the requirements for the mooring of transport ships are getting higher and higher. Compared with shallow waters, the requirements for the mooring of transport ships in deep waters are higher, mainly as follows: 1. Environmental factors Greater influence of water flow and wind: The water flow and wind in deep waters are usually stronger than those in shallow waters, with a greater impact on ships, and longer anchor chains and stronger anchor grip are required to maintain stability.

[0004] Complex seabed topography: The seabed topography in deep waters may be more complex, with poor bottom quality, making it more difficult to select a suitable anchor position, increasing the difficulty and risk of mooring.

[0005] 2. Operational difficulty Length and control of anchor chain: Longer anchor chains are required in deep waters, and it is more difficult to control the release speed and length of the anchor chain, which is prone to problems such as anchor chain out-of-control or anchor winch damage.

[0006] Deployment and recovery of anchors: The operations of deploying and recovering anchors in deep waters are more complex, requiring more precise control and longer time, increasing the complexity and difficulty of operations.

[0007] 3. Safety risks High risk of dragging anchor: Mooring in deep waters is more prone to the phenomenon of dragging anchor, and more frequent monitoring and more timely emergency handling are required to ensure the safety of the ship.

[0008] Difficult emergency handling: In case of an emergency, such as anchor winch failure or dragging anchor, emergency handling in deep waters is more difficult, requiring a more perfect emergency plan and higher operation skills.

[0009] In addition, as the capacity of domestic offshore wind turbines increases, the corresponding tower barrels and blade sizes are also getting larger, heavier in weight. Restricted by the lifting radius of the crane, the existing mainstream offshore wind power installation platforms have difficulty in carrying out long-distance lifting and unloading across the positioning barge, becoming a technical problem in the industry. Summary of the Invention

[0010] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a positioning method for an offshore wind power transport ship to anchor an offshore wind power installation platform, which solves the unloading problem of the existing mainstream offshore wind power installation platforms in the deep waters of the offshore areas of our country, and maximally improves the operation ability of the existing mainstream offshore wind power installation platforms. By applying the method of the present invention, it is ensured that the transport ship can approach the offshore wind power installation platform smoothly and safely, reducing the influence of human misoperation of the transport ship driver and greatly reducing the collision risk of the transport ship.

[0011] In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: A positioning method for an offshore wind power transport ship to anchor an offshore wind power installation platform, comprising the following steps: S1: After the transport ship loaded with wind turbine components sails into the vicinity of the ship position of the offshore wind power installation platform, adjust the ship position of the transport ship according to the tidal changes and water flow direction on site, and sail with the bow against the current; S2: Real-time monitor the distance and azimuth of the transport ship, so that there is always a certain interval distance between the offshore wind power installation platform and the transport ship; S3: During the process of the transport ship approaching the offshore wind power installation platform, carry out the first anchoring according to the water flow direction and velocity, so that the transport ship sails slowly until the bow of the transport ship is about to be flush with the bow of the offshore wind power installation platform; S4: When the bow of the transport ship is flush with the bow of the offshore wind power installation platform, carry out the second anchoring to stabilize the ship position of the transport ship; S5: After the ship position of the transport ship is stable, use an anchor boat to carry out the third anchoring of the transport ship, so that the transport ship is in a four-anchor positioning state; S6: Carry out combined anchor winch operations, and the transport ship slowly approaches the offshore wind power installation ship in parallel. When the left side of the transport ship is at an appropriate working position from the offshore wind power installation platform, stop the combined anchor winch operations to complete the mooring positioning operation of the transport ship approaching the offshore wind power installation platform; S7: After the ship unloading operation is completed, carry out reverse combined operations on the anchor winch, and the transport ship slowly leaves the offshore wind power installation platform, maintaining a safe distance.

[0012] In the step S2, a set of lidar ranging device and control system are installed on the offshore wind power installation platform to real-time monitor the distance and azimuth of the transport ship, and maintain a distance of one ship length L between the transport ship and the offshore wind power installation platform.

[0013] In S3, during the first anchoring, the anchor component is located at the tail of the transport ship, and the throwing direction of the anchor component faces the water flow direction and is away from the side of the offshore wind power installation platform.

[0014] In S3, specifically, when the transport ship sails to a distance of about 2L behind the right rear of the offshore wind power installation platform, the left rear positioning anchor is dropped. The windlass of the left rear positioning anchor slowly pays out the anchor cable, and at the same time, the transport ship sails slowly, continuing to maintain a distance of one ship length L from the offshore wind power installation platform until the bow of the transport ship is about to be flush with the bow of the offshore wind power installation platform.

[0015] In S4, during the second anchoring, the anchor component is located at the head of the transport ship, and the throwing direction of the anchor component faces the sailing direction of the transport ship and is away from the side of the offshore wind power installation platform.

[0016] In S4, specifically, when the bow of the transport ship is flush with the bow of the offshore wind power installation platform, the transport ship drops the right front sailing anchor. At this time, slowly tighten the anchor cable of the left rear positioning anchor and the anchor chain of the right front sailing anchor, and at the same time, maintain an appropriate thrust of the stern propeller of the transport ship to offset the thrust of the water flow to ensure the stable position of the transport ship.

[0017] In S5, carry out the anchoring operations of the other three groups of positioning anchors. Slowly tighten the other three groups of positioning anchors and the left rear positioning anchor to make the transport ship form a four-anchor positioning state.

[0018] In S5, the other three groups of positioning anchors respectively include a right rear positioning anchor, a left front positioning anchor, and a right front positioning anchor. The right rear positioning anchor and the anchor cable that crosses over the left rear positioning anchor from above form a crossed anchor form; the left front positioning anchor and the right front positioning anchor form a "V" anchor form.

[0019] In S6, during the combined operation of the windlasses, the windlasses of the right front sailing anchor, the right front positioning anchor, and the left rear positioning anchor simultaneously and slowly release the anchor cables; the right rear positioning anchor and the left front positioning anchor are slowly winched in at the same time.

[0020] In S6, when the distance between the left side of the transport ship and the offshore wind power installation platform is equal to the length of one transport ship, stop the combined operation of the windlasses.

[0021] The present invention provides a positioning method for an offshore wind power transport ship to anchor at an offshore wind power installation platform, having the following technical effects: 1), By adopting an innovative anchoring and positioning method and anchoring sequence for the transport ship, it ensures the rapid, efficient, and safe approach of the transport ship to the offshore wind power installation platform in the deep water area near the shore, realizes the rapid unloading of the offshore wind power installation platform, and quickly and efficiently completes the unloading and installation work of the fan unit components within the limited and precious construction window period. It eliminates the use of large positioning barges, reduces the usage cost of the construction ship group, and also greatly reduces the construction cost and construction safety risks.

[0022] 2), By adopting the method of positioning against the water flow and selecting an appropriate ship position distance, and installing a set of lidar ranging devices and control systems on the offshore wind power installation platform, the distance and azimuth of the transport ship are monitored in real time, realizing the effective positioning of the transport ship, and at the same time ensuring a controllable safety distance from the offshore wind power installation ship, jacket, etc., facilitating the anchoring operation.

[0023] 3), Tides have a greater impact on the ship anchoring and positioning of offshore wind farms in the deep waters of China's coastal areas. This method can adapt to hydrological conditions, and according to the water flow direction and velocity, adopt a scientific and reasonable step-by-step anchoring operation, effectively solving the problem of anchoring and positioning under the complex sea conditions in the deep waters of China's coastal areas. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the drawings and embodiments: Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the first state of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the second state of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the third state of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the fourth state of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the fifth state of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the sixth state of the present invention.

[0030] In the figure: transport ship 1, offshore wind power installation platform 2, wind turbine foundation jacket 3, left rear positioning anchor 4, right front navigation anchor 5, right rear positioning anchor 6, left front positioning anchor 7, right front positioning anchor 8, water flow direction a, ship bow b, ship traveling direction c. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0031] A positioning method for an offshore wind power transport ship to anchor at an offshore wind power installation platform, comprising the following steps: Step 1: As Figure 1 shown, the transport ship 1 loaded with wind turbine tower barrels, blades and other wind turbine unit components sails from the wharf to the vicinity of the ship position of the offshore wind power installation platform 2, adjusts the ship position of the transport ship 1 according to the on-site tidal changes and water flow direction, and sails with the bow against the current.

[0032] The reason for sailing against the current is as follows: When sailing against the current, the effective ship speed (ship speed relative to water) of the transport ship decreases, but the rudder effect is actually better. Since the water flow resistance and the ship speed form a resultant force, it is easier to control the bow direction with the rudder force, avoiding the loss of control of the hull due to the too-fast flow rate. When sailing with the current, the ship speed is higher and the rudder effect weakens, and the transverse movement speed increases, making it difficult to accurately adjust the berthing angle. The transport ship berthing against the current has become the preferred method for ship berthing operations by optimizing ship power distribution, enhancing maneuvering stability, and reducing the risk of environmental interference. In contrast, berthing with the current has a high risk of loss of control and great operational difficulty.

[0033] Step Two: As Figure 2 shown, install a set of lidar ranging devices and control systems on the offshore wind power installation platform 2 to monitor the distance and azimuth of the transport ship 1 in real time, and maintain a spacing distance of one ship length L (L is the hull length of the offshore wind power installation platform 2) between the transport ship 1 and the offshore wind power installation platform 2; when the transport ship 1 sails to a distance of about 2L behind the right rear of the offshore wind power installation platform 2, lower the left rear positioning anchor 4, and the windlass of the left rear positioning anchor 4 slowly pays out the anchor cable, while the transport ship 1 sails slowly and continues to maintain a distance of one ship length L from the offshore wind power installation platform 2 until the bow of the transport ship 1 is about to be flush with the bow of the offshore wind power installation platform 2. The purpose of lowering the left rear positioning anchor 4 first is to prevent the transport ship from drifting towards the offshore wind power platform side.

[0034] Step Three: As Figure 3 shown, when the bow of the transport ship 1 is flush with the bow of the offshore wind power installation platform 2, the transport ship 1 lowers the right front navigation anchor 5. At this time, slowly tighten the anchor cable of the left rear positioning anchor 4 and the anchor chain of the right front navigation anchor 5, and at the same time maintain an appropriate forward thrust of the stern propeller of the transport ship 1 to offset the thrust of the water flow and ensure the stable position of the transport ship 1. The purpose of lowering the right front navigation anchor 5 is to play an insurance and backup role. Even if the steel wire rope of the transport ship's positioning anchor suddenly breaks and the transport ship loses its position, under the fixation of the navigation anchor, the transport ship will only rotate around the navigation anchor point with the ship length as the radius and will not collide with the offshore wind power installation platform.

[0035] Step Four: As Figure 4 shown, use an anchor boat to carry out the anchoring operation of the right rear positioning anchor 6 of the transport ship 1 to ensure that the right rear positioning anchor 6 of the transport ship 1 crosses over the anchor cable of the left rear positioning anchor 4 from above to form a crossed anchor form.

[0036] Benefits of setting cross anchors: First, it enhances the holding power. Through the coordinated action of two anchors, the cross anchor can provide greater holding power than a single anchor, effectively resisting the influence of water flow and wind, and reducing the risk of dragging anchor. Second, it stabilizes the ship's position. The cross anchor can limit the swinging range of the ship, reducing the swinging angles of the bow and stern, and helping to maintain the stability of the hull, especially in operations that require precise positioning. Third, it adapts to complex sea conditions. In complex hydrological and meteorological conditions, such as waters with strong winds, rapid currents, or large tidal changes, the cross anchor can provide better anchoring effects and ensure the safety of the ship.

[0037] Then use the anchor handling boat to carry out the anchoring operations of the left front positioning anchor 7 and the right front positioning anchor 8 of the transport ship 1 to form the shape of a "fishhook" anchor. Then slowly tighten the anchor cables of the left front positioning anchor 7, the right front positioning anchor 8, the right rear positioning anchor 6, and the left rear positioning anchor 4; at this time, the transport ship 1 is in a four-anchor positioning state.

[0038] Step Five: As Figure 5 shown, perform the combined operation of the windlasses to slowly bring the transport ship 1 close to the offshore wind power installation platform 2. Ensure that the three windlasses of the right front navigation anchor 5, the right front positioning anchor 8, and the left rear positioning anchor 4 of the transport ship 1 slowly release the anchor cables at the same time. At the same time, ensure that the anchor cables of the right rear positioning anchor 6 and the left front positioning anchor 7 of the transport ship 1 are slowly winched in at the same time. At this state, the transport ship 1 slowly approaches the offshore wind power installation ship in parallel. When the left side of the transport ship 1 is at an appropriate working position from the offshore wind power installation platform 2, stop the combined operation of the windlasses to complete the anchoring and positioning operation of the transport ship 1 berthing at the offshore wind power installation platform 2.

[0039] Step Six: As Figure 6 shown, when the unloading operation is completed, conversely, perform the combined operation of the windlasses. The transport ship 1 will slowly leave the berth of the offshore wind power installation platform, maintaining a reasonable safety distance to achieve safe, stable, and efficient anchoring and positioning.

[0040] Through the successful application and practice of this method, the use of positioning barges is eliminated, saving the on-site construction cost, thus increasing the economic benefits; at the same time, it will greatly improve the unloading efficiency of offshore wind turbines in the deep water areas of China's coastal waters, reduce the safety risks, and lead the technological innovation of the operation of offshore wind power construction ship groups.

Claims

1. A positioning method for an offshore wind power transportation ship to moor an offshore wind power installation platform, comprising the following steps: S1: After the transportation ship (1) loaded with wind turbine components sails near the berth of the offshore wind power installation platform (2), adjust the position of the transportation ship (1) according to the tidal changes and water flow direction at the site, and sail with the bow against the current; S2: Monitor the distance and azimuth of the transportation ship (1) in real time, so that a certain interval distance is always maintained between the offshore wind power installation platform (2) and the transportation ship (1); S3: During the process of the transportation ship (1) approaching the offshore wind power installation platform (2), drop the first anchor according to the water flow direction and velocity, so that the transportation ship (1) sails slowly until the bow of the transportation ship (1) is about to be flush with the bow of the offshore wind power installation platform (2); S4: When the bow of the transportation ship (1) is flush with the bow of the offshore wind power installation platform (2), drop the second anchor to stabilize the position of the transportation ship (1); S5: After the position of the transportation ship (1) is stabilized, use an anchor boat to drop the third anchor of the transportation ship (1) so that the transportation ship (1) is in a four-anchor positioning state; S6: Perform an anchor winch combination operation. The transportation ship (1) slowly approaches the offshore wind power installation ship in parallel. When the left side of the transportation ship (1) is at an appropriate working position from the offshore wind power installation platform (2), stop the anchor winch combination operation to complete the mooring and positioning operation of the transportation ship (1) mooring to the offshore wind power installation platform (2); S7: When the unloading operation is completed, perform a reverse combination operation on the anchor winches, and the transportation ship (1) slowly leaves the offshore wind power installation platform (2), maintaining a safe distance.

2. A positioning method for a mooring offshore wind power installation platform of an offshore wind power transport ship according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the above S2, a set of lidar ranging device and control system are installed on the offshore wind power installation platform (2) to monitor the distance and azimuth of the transportation ship (1) in real time, and maintain a distance of one ship length L between the transportation ship (1) and the offshore wind power installation platform (2).

3. A positioning method for an offshore wind power installation platform moored by an offshore wind power transportation ship according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S3, when dropping the first anchor, the anchor is located at the tail of the transportation ship (1), and the throwing direction of the anchor is towards the water flow direction and away from the side of the offshore wind power installation platform (2).

4. A positioning method for an offshore wind power installation platform moored by an offshore wind power transportation ship according to claim 3, characterized in that: Specifically in S3, when the transportation ship (1) sails to a distance of about 2L behind the right rear of the offshore wind power installation platform (2), drop the left rear positioning anchor (4). The anchor winch of the left rear positioning anchor (4) slowly releases the anchor cable, and at the same time the transportation ship (1) sails slowly, and continues to maintain a distance of one ship length L from the offshore wind power installation platform (2) until the bow of the transportation ship (1) is about to be flush with the bow of the offshore wind power installation platform (2).

5. A positioning method for an offshore wind power installation platform moored by an offshore wind power transportation ship according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S4, when dropping the second anchor, the anchor is located at the head of the transportation ship (1), and the throwing direction of the anchor is towards the sailing direction of the transportation ship (1) and away from the side of the offshore wind power installation platform (2).

6. A positioning method for an offshore wind power installation platform moored by an offshore wind power transportation ship according to claim 5, characterized in that: Specifically in S4, when the bow of the transportation ship (1) is flush with the bow of the offshore wind power installation platform (2), the transportation ship (1) drops the right front sailing anchor (5). At this time, slowly tighten the anchor cable of the left rear positioning anchor (4) and the anchor chain of the right front sailing anchor (5), and at the same time maintain an appropriate thrust of the stern propeller of the transportation ship (1) to offset the thrust of the water flow to ensure the stability of the position of the transportation ship (1).

7. A positioning method for an offshore wind power installation platform moored by an offshore wind power transportation ship according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S5, the anchoring operations of the other three groups of positioning anchors are carried out. The three groups of positioning anchors and the left rear positioning anchor (4) are slowly tightened to make the transport ship (1) form a four-anchor positioning state.

8. A positioning method for a mooring of an offshore wind power installation platform by an offshore wind power transport ship according to claim 7, characterized in that: In S5, the other three groups of positioning anchors respectively include a right rear positioning anchor (6), a left front positioning anchor (7) and a right front positioning anchor (8). The right rear positioning anchor (6) and the anchor cable that crosses over the left rear positioning anchor (4) from above form a crossed-anchor form; the left front positioning anchor (7) and the right front positioning anchor (8) form a "figure-eight" anchor form.

9. A positioning method for an offshore wind power installation platform moored by an offshore wind power transportation ship according to claim 8, characterized in that: In S6, during the combined operation of the windlasses, the three windlasses of the right front navigation anchor (5), the right front positioning anchor (8) and the left rear positioning anchor (4) slowly release the anchor cables at the same time; the right rear positioning anchor (6) and the left front positioning anchor (7) are slowly winched in at the same time.

10. A positioning method for an offshore wind power installation platform moored by an offshore wind power transportation ship according to claim 9, characterized in that: In S6, when the distance between the port side of the transport ship (1) and the offshore wind power installation platform (2) is equal to the length of one transport ship, the combined operation of the windlasses is stopped.

Images