Water conservancy exploration surveying and mapping unmanned aerial vehicle

Abstract

The invention discloses a water conservancy exploration surveying and mapping unmanned aerial vehicle, and relates to the technical field of unmanned aerial vehicles, the water conservancy exploration surveying and mapping unmanned aerial vehicle comprises an unmanned aerial vehicle body and a plurality of propellers arranged on the unmanned aerial vehicle body, and further comprises a replacement unit, and the replacement unit comprises a positioning plate and an insertion rod; a positioning plate is arranged in the middle of the unmanned aerial vehicle body, an inserting groove is formed in the bottom end of the positioning plate, an inserting rod is inserted into the inserting groove, a surveying and mapping instrument is arranged on the inserting rod, and the surveying and mapping instrument is replaced by disassembling and replacing the inserting rod in the inserting groove; when other surveying and mapping data need to be measured, the inserting rod is taken out of the inserting groove, other surveying and mapping instruments are replaced, then the inserting rod is inserted into the inserting groove, replacement operation of the surveying and mapping instruments on the unmanned aerial vehicle body can be achieved, and therefore the cost of water conservancy exploration surveying and mapping is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of drones, and more specifically, to a water conservancy surveying and mapping drone. Background Art

[0002] As is well known, a drone, as the name implies, is an unmanned aircraft. A drone is an unpiloted aircraft that is controlled by a radio remote control device and a self - contained program control device, or is operated completely or intermittently autonomously by an on - board computer. When a drone drives a propeller to rotate, the air will give the drone a reaction force when the propeller pushes the air, so that the drone can obtain lift and forward power. The power system of a drone mainly consists of a motor and a battery. The motor drives the propeller to generate thrust, and the battery provides electrical energy for the motor to ensure the normal operation of the drone. An efficient motor can generate more powerful power while consuming less electrical energy, thereby extending the flight time of the drone and increasing the flight speed.

[0003] The flight structure of a drone includes a fuselage, wings and propellers. The fuselage usually uses lightweight and high - strength materials such as carbon fiber to reduce weight and enhance flight stability. The wing design helps to generate lift, while the propellers are responsible for providing forward power. The control system of a drone is the key to ensuring its stable flight. The control system receives operation instructions through a remote control and communicates with the drone through radio signals to achieve operations such as take - off, landing, and turning. The application fields of drones are very wide, including aerial photography, agriculture, plant protection, power line inspection, disaster rescue, etc. With the progress of technology, the application scenarios of drones are constantly expanding and have become an important part of modern technology. A water conservancy surveying and mapping drone is a machine that installs surveying and mapping equipment on the fuselage of a drone and conducts water conservancy surveying and mapping during flight. Through the surveying and mapping equipment, surveying and mapping operations can be carried out on water conservancy projects.

[0004] For the patent application titled "An unmanned aerial vehicle for water conservancy project construction detection" with the publication number CN114056588A and the publication date of February 18, 2022, this patent application is an unmanned aerial vehicle for water conservancy project construction detection, including an unmanned aerial vehicle body. Legs are installed at the bottom of the unmanned aerial vehicle body, and a storage box is installed on one side wall of the unmanned aerial vehicle body. A first fixing frame is installed on the top inner wall of the storage box, a forward and reverse motor is installed on the side wall of the first fixing frame, the output end of the forward and reverse motor is connected to a driving turntable, a first threaded rod is installed at the bottom end of the driving turntable, and the bottom end of the first threaded rod is connected to the storage box through a bearing. By setting the first fixing frame, the forward and reverse motor, the driving turntable, the first threaded rod, the driven turntable, the second threaded rod, the adjusting plate, the transparent protective shell, the gyroscope sensor and the controller, it can play a good protective effect on the surveying instrument body and also play a good moisture-proof effect, thus effectively preventing the surveying instrument body from being damaged, improving its service life and reducing the cost of maintenance and replacement.

[0005] The deficiencies of the prior art are that most of the surveying instruments on the water conservancy exploration and surveying unmanned aerial vehicle are fixedly arranged on the body of the unmanned aerial vehicle, and there are many instruments used for surveying water conservancy projects. When it is necessary to change the surveying data (or instruments), it is necessary to replace the unmanned aerial vehicle with different surveying data, resulting in a large number of unmanned aerial vehicles required for water conservancy exploration and surveying, thereby increasing the surveying cost of water conservancy exploration. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a water conservancy exploration and surveying unmanned aerial vehicle to solve the technical problems in the related art.

[0007] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A water conservancy exploration and surveying unmanned aerial vehicle, including an unmanned aerial vehicle body and a plurality of propellers arranged on the unmanned aerial vehicle body, further including a replacement unit. The replacement unit includes a positioning plate and a plugging rod. A positioning plate is arranged in the middle of the unmanned aerial vehicle body, a plugging slot is opened at the bottom end of the positioning plate, the plugging rod is plugged in the plugging slot, and a surveying instrument is arranged on the plugging rod. The replacement of the surveying instrument is realized by the disassembly and replacement of the plugging rod in the plugging slot.

[0008] As described above, a round head rod is arranged in the plugging slot, a conical ring is slidably arranged on the bottom side of the round head rod, two grooves are symmetrically opened at the end of the plugging rod, and a positioning rod is slidably installed in each of the two grooves. Each of the two positioning rods and the corresponding groove is connected by a first elastic member.

[0009] As described above, a flat plate is provided in the middle of the drone fuselage. A flat groove is provided in the middle of the flat plate. A positioning plate is slidably installed in the flat groove. A first driving member is provided on the drone fuselage, and the output end of the first driving member is connected to the positioning plate.

[0010] As described above, a plurality of receiving grooves are evenly provided along the circumferential direction at the bottom end of the drone fuselage. Each of the receiving grooves communicates with the flat groove, and a support leg is rotatably installed in each of the receiving grooves.

[0011] As described above, a plurality of first teeth are evenly provided on the mutually abutting surfaces of the positioning plate and each of the support legs. A half-face gear is provided at the end of each of the support legs, and each of the half-face gears is meshed with the corresponding first teeth.

[0012] As described above, a chute is provided on the mutually abutting surfaces of the positioning plate and each of the support legs. A second tooth is slidably installed in each of the chutes, and each of the second teeth is linearly meshed with the corresponding half-face gear.

[0013] As described above, each of the second teeth is connected to the inner wall of its corresponding chute through a second elastic member.

[0014] As described above, a jack is provided on each of the support legs.

[0015] As described above, a limiting rod is provided in each of the receiving grooves, and each of the limiting rods is inserted and matched with the corresponding jack.

[0016] As described above, a plurality of wings are evenly provided on the drone fuselage, and a propeller is provided on each of the wings.

[0017] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: By inserting the insertion rod into the insertion slot on the positioning plate, the surveying instrument is installed on the drone fuselage. Then, the rotation of the propeller drives the drone fuselage to take off, so that the drone fuselage drives the surveying instrument to perform surveying operations on the water conservancy project. When other surveying data need to be measured, the insertion rod is taken out of the insertion slot, and other surveying instruments are replaced. Then, the insertion rod is inserted into the insertion slot, and the replacement operation of the surveying instrument on the drone fuselage can be realized, thereby reducing the cost of water conservancy exploration and surveying. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required in the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments recorded in the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings.

[0019] Figure 1 Partial sectional structure schematic diagram of an embodiment provided by the present invention;

[0020] Figure 2 Partial sectional structure schematic diagram of the support feet of an embodiment provided by the present invention in a retracted state;

[0021] Figure 3 For the present invention Figure 1 Partial enlarged sectional structure schematic diagram at M of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 4 Partial sectional structure schematic diagram when the insertion rod and the insertion slot of the present invention are disengaged from each other;

[0023] Figure 5 Three-dimensional structure schematic diagram of another embodiment provided by the present invention;

[0024] Figure 6 For the present invention Figure 5 Sectional structure schematic diagram from the first perspective of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 7 Partial sectional structure schematic diagram of the support feet of another embodiment provided by the present invention in a retracted state;

[0026] Figure 8 For the present invention Figure 6 Partial enlarged sectional structure schematic diagram at N of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 9 Partial sectional structure schematic diagram when the baffle of the present invention is in an open state;

[0028] Figure 10 Partial sectional structure schematic diagram of the first ring, the second ring and the bearing cup of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 11 Sectional structure schematic diagram of still another embodiment provided by the present invention.

[0030] Explanation of reference numerals:

[0031] 1. UAV fuselage; 2. Propeller; 3. Positioning plate; 4. Insertion rod; 5. Insertion slot; 6. Surveying and mapping instrument; 7. Round head rod; 8. Conical ring; 9. Groove; 10. Positioning rod; 11. First elastic member; 12. Flat plate; 13. Flat groove; 14. First driving member; 15. Accommodating groove; 16. Support leg; 17. First tooth; 18. Half-face gear; 19. Slide groove; 20. Second tooth; 21. Second elastic member; 22. Jack; 23. Limiting rod; 24. Sampling pump; 25. Infusion tube; 26. Through slot; 27. First ring; 28. Second ring; 29. Bearing cup; 30. Weighing sensor; 31. Counterweight ball; 32. Baffle; 33. Sampler; 34. Semi-circular groove; 35. Locking block; 36. Third elastic member; 37. Driven rope; 38. Liquid delivery pipe body; 381. First pipe body; 382. Second pipe body. Detailed implementation manner

[0032] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the following will further introduce the present invention in detail with reference to the appended Figure 1 to the appended Figure 11 drawings.

[0033] An embodiment provided by the present invention relates to a water conservancy exploration and surveying UAV, including a UAV fuselage 1 and a plurality of propellers 2 arranged on the UAV fuselage 1. It further includes a replacement unit. The replacement unit includes a positioning plate 3 and an insertion rod 4. A positioning plate 3 is arranged in the middle of the UAV fuselage 1. An insertion slot 5 is opened at the bottom of the positioning plate 3. An insertion rod 4 is inserted into the insertion slot 5. A surveying and mapping instrument 6 is arranged on the insertion rod 4. The replacement of the surveying and mapping instrument 6 is realized by the disassembly and replacement of the insertion rod 4 in the insertion slot 5.

[0034] Specifically, a water conservancy exploration and surveying UAV is a machine that sets surveying and exploration instruments on the UAV to conduct water conservancy project exploration. The UAV drives the surveying instrument 6 to fly into the air to conduct surveying operations on the water conservancy project, realizing the surveying and exploration operations of the water conservancy project. A plurality of wings are evenly arranged on the UAV body 1, and a propeller 2 is arranged on each of the wings. When the UAV is flying, the rotation of the propeller 2 provides power for it. The control system of the UAV is the key to ensuring its stable flight. The flight operation of the UAV is realized through the control system and the rotation of the propeller 2. The flight of the UAV and the UAV body is common knowledge in the art and will not be elaborated. A control system (not shown in the figure) and a circuit system (not shown in the figure) are arranged on the UAV body. The setting of the control system and the circuit system on the UAV body are both existing technologies. Operation instructions are received through the remote control, the control system, and the circuit system, and communication is carried out with the UAV through radio signals to realize operations such as takeoff, landing, and turning. This is common knowledge in the art and will not be elaborated. A round head rod 7 is arranged in the insertion slot 5, a conical ring 8 is slidably arranged on the bottom side of the round head rod 7, two grooves 9 are symmetrically opened at the end of the insertion rod 4, a positioning rod 10 is slidably installed in each of the two grooves 9, and each of the two positioning rods 10 and the corresponding groove 9 is connected by a first elastic member 11. An inclined surface parallel to the conical surface of the conical ring 8 is arranged on each of the two positioning rods 10 (such as Figure 3 and Figure 4As shown in the figure, before the surveying and mapping operation of the water conservancy project is required, the staff inserts the insertion rod 4 into the insertion slot 5 on the positioning plate 3. During the process of inserting the insertion rod 4 into the insertion slot 5, when the positioning rod 10 and the round head rod 7 are in mutual contact, the round head rod 7 performs a squeezing operation on the positioning rod 10, so that the positioning rod 10 slides towards one end inside the groove 9 under the pushing action of the round head rod 7, causing the positioning rod 10 to perform a squeezing operation on the first elastic member 11 (the first elastic member 11 is an element capable of telescopic reset, preferably a spring), so that the first elastic member 11 is in a compressed state. When the insertion rod 4 drives the positioning rod 10 to slide to a position where it is in mutual contact with the conical ring 8, under the rebounding action of the first elastic member 11, the positioning rod 10 is inserted into the gap between the conical ring 8 and the round head rod 7, so that the bottom end of the conical ring 8 and the top end of the positioning rod 10 are in mutual contact and arranged, enabling the round head rod 7 to connect the positioning rod 10 and the insertion rod 4, so that the insertion rod 4 installs the surveying and mapping instrument 6 on the drone fuselage 1. Then, the propeller 2 is started to drive the drone fuselage 1 to take off, so that the drone fuselage 1 drives the surveying and mapping instrument 6 to perform the surveying and mapping operation on the water conservancy project. When the surveying and mapping instrument 6 needs to be replaced, after the drone fuselage 1 stops stably, the staff continues to push the insertion rod 4 towards one end inside the insertion slot 5, so that the insertion rod 4 drives the positioning rod 10 to be in mutual contact with the conical ring 8. After the positioning rod 10 drives the conical ring 8 to move to the top side of the round head rod 7 and they are mutually tightened, the inclined surface on the positioning rod 10 is in mutual contact and movement with the conical ring 8, so that the positioning rod 10 slides towards one end inside the groove 9 under the tightening action of its inclined surface and the conical ring 8. After the positioning rod 10 slides onto the annular conical surface of the conical ring 8, the staff pulls the insertion rod 4 towards one end outside the insertion slot 5, so that the positioning rod 10 moves along the track of the annular conical surface of the conical ring 8, so that the positioning rod 10 slides out of the insertion slot 5 from the outer wall of the conical ring 8 and the track of the round head rod 7, realizing the removal of the insertion rod 4 from the insertion slot 5, and can realize the quick replacement operation of the insertion rod 4 and the surveying and mapping instrument 6. In terms of the replacement operation of the surveying and mapping instrument 6 and the insertion rod 4, it is known to those skilled in the art that each of the different surveying and mapping instruments 6 is provided with an identical insertion rod 4. Then, the replaced insertion rod 4 and the surveying and mapping instrument 6 are inserted into the insertion slot 5, thereby realizing the replacement operation of the surveying and mapping instrument 6. Through the replacement of the insertion rod 4 and the surveying and mapping instrument 6 in the insertion slot 5, the surveying and mapping operations of different data are realized. Through the same drone fuselage 1, different surveying and mapping instruments 6 can be adapted, so that the drone fuselage 1 can replace different surveying and mapping instruments 6 to perform the surveying and mapping operation on the water conservancy project, thereby reducing the cost of water conservancy exploration and surveying.

[0035] The disadvantages of the prior art are that most of the six surveying and mapping instruments on the water conservancy exploration and surveying UAV are fixedly arranged on the fuselage of the UAV. Since many instruments are used for surveying and mapping water conservancy projects, when it is necessary to change the surveying and mapping data (or instruments), UAVs with different surveying and mapping data need to be replaced, resulting in a large number of UAVs required for water conservancy exploration and surveying, thereby increasing the surveying and mapping costs of water conservancy exploration.

[0036] The beneficial effect of this embodiment is that by inserting the insertion rod 4 into the insertion slot 5 on the positioning plate 3, the insertion rod 4 mounts the surveying and mapping instrument 6 on the UAV fuselage 1. Then, the rotation of the propeller 2 drives the UAV fuselage 1 to take off, so that the UAV fuselage 1 drives the surveying and mapping instrument 6 to perform surveying and mapping operations on the water conservancy project. When it is necessary to measure other surveying and mapping data, the insertion rod 4 is taken out of the insertion slot 5, other surveying and mapping instruments 6 are replaced, and then the insertion rod 4 is inserted into the insertion slot 5, and the replacement operation of the surveying and mapping instrument 6 on the UAV fuselage 1 can be realized, thereby reducing the cost of water conservancy exploration and surveying.

[0037] In another embodiment provided by the present invention, a flat plate 12 is arranged in the middle of the UAV fuselage 1. A flat groove 13 is opened in the middle of the flat plate 12. A positioning plate 3 is slidably installed in the flat groove 13. A first driving member 14 is arranged on the UAV fuselage 1. The output end of the first driving member 14 is connected to the positioning plate 3. A plurality of receiving grooves 15 are evenly opened along the circumferential direction at the bottom end of the UAV fuselage 1. Each of the receiving grooves 15 communicates with the flat groove 13. A support leg 16 is rotatably installed in each of the receiving grooves 15. A plurality of first teeth 17 are evenly arranged on the mutually abutting surfaces of the positioning plate 3 and each of the support legs 16. A half-face gear 18 is arranged at the end of each of the support legs 16, and each of the half-face gears 18 is meshed with the corresponding first teeth 17. A sliding groove 19 is opened on the mutually abutting surfaces of the positioning plate 3 and each of the support legs 16. A second tooth 20 is slidably installed in each of the sliding grooves 19. Each of the second teeth 20 is linearly meshed with the corresponding half-face gear 18. Each of the second teeth 20 is connected to the inner wall of the corresponding sliding groove 19 through a second elastic member 21. A jack 22 is arranged on each of the support legs 16. A limiting rod 23 is arranged in each of the receiving grooves 15. Each of the limiting rods 23 is inserted and matched with the corresponding jack 22.

[0038] Specifically, the number of receiving grooves 15, half-face gears 18, and support feet 16 is preferably four. After the UAV fuselage 1 takes off, the support feet 16 need to be retracted to prevent the support feet 16 from affecting the flight of the UAV fuselage 1. The first driving member 14 (the first driving member 14 is a device whose output end can perform linear reciprocating motion, preferably an electric push rod) is activated to drive the positioning plate 3 to move towards the bottom end of the flat groove 13. Since the first teeth 17 are provided on the positioning plate 3, and the first teeth 17 and the half-face gears 18 (the half-face gears 18 are gears with incomplete teeth on the base circle, that is, a complete gear does not have teeth at the position of the support feet 16) are meshed with each other. During the process of the positioning plate 3 and the first teeth 17 moving towards the top end of the flat groove 13, the positioning plate 3 and the first teeth 17 drive the half-face gears 18 and the support feet 16 to rotate, so that the support feet 16 rotate into the receiving grooves 15. Since the jacks 22 are provided on the support feet 16, when the support feet 16 rotate into the receiving grooves 15, at this time, the half-face gears 18 rotate to the position meshed with the second teeth 20, and the jacks 22 on the support feet 16 are inserted and matched with the limiting rods 23. The limiting rods 23 (the limiting rods 23 are made of rubber material) have a certain elasticity. The jacks 22 are smaller than the limiting rods 23, and the certain elasticity of the limiting rods 23 enables the limiting rods 23 to position the jacks 22 and the support feet 16 after being inserted into the jacks 22. The number of jacks 22 on each support foot 16 and the number of limiting rods 23 in each receiving groove 15 are preferably three, so that each pair of corresponding limiting rods 23 and jacks 22 can position the support feet 16 (such as Figure 2As shown, synchronously, the positioning plate 3 drives the insertion rod 4 and the surveying instrument 6 to move towards the bottom end of the UAV fuselage 1 through the insertion slot 5, enabling the surveying instrument 6 to conduct a comprehensive survey of the water conservancy project. At the same time, the support feet 16 will not affect the survey of the surveying instrument 6. When it is necessary for the surveying instrument 6 to continue moving towards the bottom end of the UAV fuselage 1, the positioning plate 3 drives the second tooth 20 to slide in the chute 19, causing the second tooth 20 to extrude the second elastic member 21 (the second elastic member 21 is an element capable of telescoping and resetting, preferably a spring), making the second elastic member 21 in a compressed state. Synchronously, the positioning plate 3 drives the surveying instrument 6 to move towards the bottom end of the UAV fuselage 1, enabling the surveying instrument 6 to conduct a comprehensive survey; when the UAV fuselage 1 stops on the ground, the first driving member 14 is activated to drive the positioning plate 3 to move towards the top end of the flat groove 13. During the movement of the positioning plate 3 towards the top end of the flat groove 13, the second tooth 20 on the positioning plate 3 slides in the chute under the limiting action of the half-face gear 18, causing the second tooth 20 to slide to the end of the chute 19 under the limiting action of the second elastic member 21 and the half-face gear 18 until the first tooth 17 and the half-face gear 18 mesh with each other. Synchronously, since the first tooth 17 is provided on the positioning plate 3 and the first tooth 17 and the half-face gear 18 are meshed with each other, during the movement of the positioning plate 3 and the first tooth 17 towards the top end of the flat groove 13, the positioning plate 3 and the first tooth 17 drive the half-face gear 18 and the support feet 16 to rotate, causing the support feet 16 to rotate out of the accommodation groove 15. Since the support feet 16 are provided with insertion holes 22, when the support feet 16 rotate out of the accommodation groove 15, the insertion holes 22 on the support feet 16 are disengaged from the limiting rod 23. When the first tooth 17 pushes the half-face gear 18 to rotate forcibly, the insertion holes 22 on the limiting rod 23 are disengaged from the limiting rod 23, causing all the support feet 16 to open, enabling the support feet 16 to support the UAV fuselage 1 (as shown in Figure 1 As shown, synchronously, the positioning plate 3 drives the insertion rod 4 and the surveying instrument 6 to move towards the top end of the UAV fuselage 1 through the insertion slot 5, preventing the insertion rod 4 and the surveying instrument 6 from contacting the ground when the UAV fuselage 1 stops on the ground, thereby damaging the surveying instrument 6.

[0039] In still another embodiment provided by the present invention, a sampling unit is provided on the UAV fuselage 1. The sampling unit includes a sampling pump 24. The sampling pump 24 is provided on the UAV fuselage 1. An infusion tube 25 is provided on the sampling pump 24. A sampling bottle is provided on the UAV fuselage 1. The infusion tube 25 is inserted into the sampling bottle. A flat plate 12 is provided in the middle of the UAV fuselage 1. A flat groove 13 is formed in the middle of the flat plate 12. A positioning plate 3 is slidably installed in the flat groove 13. A first driving member 14 is provided on the UAV fuselage 1. The output end of the first driving member 14 is connected to the positioning plate 3. A through groove 26 is formed in the middle of the positioning plate 3. A sampler 33 is provided in the through groove 26. The sampler 33 and the sampling pump 24 are connected by a liquid delivery pipe body 38. The liquid delivery pipe body 38 passes through the through groove 26 on the positioning plate 3.

[0040] Specifically, when a water sample sampling operation is required, the UAV fuselage 1 takes off after the propeller 2 provides power. When the UAV fuselage 1 takes off to a suitable water sampling position, the UAV fuselage 1 releases the sampler 33 so that it is thrown out from the through groove 26, causing the sampler 33 to enter the water from the air. Then, the sampling pump 24 is started to pump water from the water body through the liquid delivery pipe body 38 and the sampler 33, so that the sampling pump 24 conveys the water sample in the water body from the sampler 33 and the liquid delivery pipe body 38 into the infusion tube 25. Then, the water sample in the infusion tube 25 flows into the sampling bottle, realizing the water sample collection operation of the UAV fuselage 1 in the air. Before the UAV fuselage 1 flies to the ground, the first driving member 14 is started to drive the positioning plate 3 to move towards the top of the flat groove 13. Since the first tooth 17 is provided on the positioning plate 3 and the first tooth 17 and the half-face gear 18 are meshed with each other, during the movement of the positioning plate 3 and the first tooth 17 towards the top of the flat groove 13, the positioning plate 3 and the first tooth 17 drive the half-face gear 18 and the support leg 16 to rotate, causing the support leg 16 to rotate out of the accommodation groove 15, so that the support leg 16 can support the UAV fuselage 1 (as Figure 6 and Figure 11 shown).

[0041] In another embodiment provided by the present invention, a leveling mechanism is provided on the drone fuselage 1. The leveling mechanism includes a first ring 27. The first ring 27 is provided at the exact middle position of the top end of the drone fuselage 1. A second ring 28 is rotatably mounted on the first ring 27 through a first pin shaft. A bearing cup 29 is rotatably mounted on the second ring 28 through a second pin shaft. A bearing plate is slidably disposed in the bearing cup 29. A weighing sensor 30 is provided between the bearing plate and the bearing cup 29. A counterweight ball 31 is connected to the bottom end of the bearing cup 29. The liquid delivery pipe body 38 is divided into two first pipe bodies 381 and a second pipe body 382. The first pipe body 381 is disposed in the middle of the counterweight ball 31. The second pipe body 382 connects the first pipe body 381 and the sampling pump 24.

[0042] Specifically, when the UAV fuselage 1 is flying in the air, the UAV fuselage 1 cannot always be guaranteed to be in a horizontal state. However, when the UAV fuselage 1 tilts, the water sample bottle follows the tilt of the UAV fuselage 1, causing the water sample to spill out of the water sample bottle. In this embodiment, the sampling bottle is placed in the bearing cup 29. The sampling bottle is on the bearing plate, and the weighing sensor 30 at the bottom of the bearing plate weighs the sampling bottle. At the same time, since the sampling bottle is placed in the bearing cup 29, the sampling bottle and the bearing cup 29 are always in a vertical state under the action of the counterweight ball 31 (that is, the center of gravity of the sampling bottle and the bearing cup 29 can always be guaranteed to be vertical, so that the sampling bottle and the bearing cup 29 will not tilt). That is, when the UAV fuselage 1 tilts, the first ring 27 tilts with the UAV fuselage 1, and the second ring 28 and the first pin shaft rotate on the first ring 27. Synchronously, the bearing cup 29 and the second pin shaft rotate on the second ring 28. Under the counterweight action of the counterweight ball 31, the counterweight ball 31 keeps the sampling bottle and the bearing cup 29 in a vertical state, so that the sampling bottle will not tilt. Since the mass of the counterweight ball 31 is constant, only when the sampling bottle is in an empty cup state does it tilt. However, when water sample collection operation is required, the UAV fuselage 1 releases the sampler 33 to throw it out from the through groove 26, so that the sampler 33 enters the water body from the air. Then, the sampling pump 24 is started to pump water from the water body through the first pipe 381, the second pipe 382 and the sampler 33, so that the sampling pump 24 conveys the water sample in the water body from the sampler 33, the first pipe 381 and the second pipe 382 to the infusion pipe 25. Then, the water sample in the infusion pipe 25 flows into the sampling bottle. After the water sample enters the sampling bottle, the mass of the counterweight ball 31 cannot provide sufficient center of gravity stability for the sampling bottle and the water sample. However, since the first pipe 381 is provided in the middle of the counterweight ball 31, a certain gravity is provided for the counterweight ball 31 through the first pipe 381 and the water sample in the first pipe 381, so that the counterweight ball 31 and the first pipe 381 provide stable gravity for the bearing cup 29, the sampling bottle and the water sample, so that the sampling bottle can always be in a vertical state and the water sample in the sampling bottle will not spill out. Those skilled in the art can know that when the gravity on the UAV fuselage 1 (that is, there is water sample in the sampling bottle and there is water sample residue in the first pipe 381 and the second pipe 382) changes, the weighing sensor 30 can monitor the change in the weight in the sampling bottle, and the rotation speed of the propeller 2 on the UAV fuselage 1 will increase accordingly, so that the propeller 2 provides greater power for the UAV fuselage 1.

[0043] In another embodiment provided by the present invention, a switch unit is provided at the bottom of the positioning plate 3. The switch unit includes baffles 32. Two baffles 32 are rotatably arranged at the bottom end of the positioning plate 3 through positioning shafts, that is, each baffle 32 is rotatably arranged by a positioning shaft. The two baffles 32 perform a supporting operation on the sampler 33. Each of the two baffles 32 is provided with a semi-circular groove 34. A locking block 35 is rotatably installed in the through groove 26 through two mounting shafts respectively. A third elastic member 36 is connected between each of the two locking blocks 35 and the inner wall of the through groove 26. A driven rope 37 is connected to each of the two locking blocks 35. The two driven ropes 37 penetrate through the positioning plate 3 and are connected to the flat plate 12. The two locking blocks 35 are respectively inserted into and corresponding to their corresponding semi-circular grooves 34.

[0044] Specifically, when it is necessary to collect water samples, when the mutually corresponding inserted limiting rods 23 and insertion holes 22 are inserted into each other, at this time, the first tooth 17 and the semi-face gear 18 are separated from each other or the semi-face gear 18 and the second tooth 20 are engaged with each other. Both of these methods can enable the positioning plate 3 to continue moving towards the bottom end of the flat groove 13. Synchronously, at this time, the driven rope 37 is in the longest stretched state. Continue to start the first driving member 14 to drive the positioning plate 3 to continue moving towards the bottom end of the flat groove 13. Since the driven rope 37 is in the longest stretched state, during the process of the positioning plate 3 continuing to move towards the bottom end of the flat groove 13, the driven rope 37 provides a pulling force for the locking block 35, so that the locking block 35 rotates around the mounting shaft under the pulling action of the driven rope 37, so that the locking block 35 releases the locking operation on the semi-circular groove 34 on the baffle 32, enabling the baffle 32 to rotate 90 degrees. At this time, the locking block 35 squeezes the third elastic member 36 (the third elastic member 36 is an element that can be telescopically reset, preferably a spring), so that the third elastic member 36 is in a compressed state, enabling the baffle 32 to open the through groove 26, enabling the sampler 33 to be thrown out from the through groove 26, and enabling the sampler 33 to enter the water body from the air, thereby realizing the water sample collection operation; after the sampler 33 has completed collecting the water sample, the drone body 1 drives the second pipe body 382 and the sampler 33 back to the ground. Those skilled in the art can know that since it is a water sample collection operation, the lengths of the first pipe body 381 and the second pipe body 382 will not affect the flight of the drone body 1. After the drone body 1 lands, the staff inserts the second pipe body 382 back into the through groove 26. When the sampler 33 enters the through groove 26, the staff rotates the baffle 32 by 90 degrees, so that the locking block 35 re-positions the baffle 32, enabling the baffle 32 to carry the sampler 33, facilitating the next water sample collection.

[0045] Only certain exemplary embodiments of the present invention have been described by way of illustration above. Without doubt, for those of ordinary skill in the art, the described embodiments can be modified in various different ways without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the above drawings and description are illustrative in nature and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A water conservancy exploration and surveying UAV, comprising a UAV fuselage and a plurality of propellers arranged on the UAV fuselage, characterized in that, It further includes a replacement unit, the replacement unit includes a positioning plate and a plugging rod, a positioning plate is arranged in the middle of the drone fuselage, a plugging slot is opened at the bottom end of the positioning plate, the plugging rod is plugged in the plugging slot, and a surveying instrument is arranged on the plugging rod. The replacement of the surveying instrument is realized by the disassembly and replacement of the plugging rod in the plugging slot.

2. The hydrographic surveying and mapping drone according to claim 1, wherein A round head rod is arranged in the plugging slot, a conical ring is slidably arranged on the bottom side of the round head rod, two grooves are symmetrically opened at the end of the plugging rod, a positioning rod is slidably installed in each of the two grooves, and each of the two positioning rods and the corresponding groove is connected by a first elastic member.

3. The hydrographic surveying and mapping drone according to claim 1, wherein, A flat plate is arranged in the middle of the drone fuselage, a flat groove is opened in the middle of the flat plate, the positioning plate is slidably installed in the flat groove, a first driving member is arranged on the drone fuselage, and the output end of the first driving member is connected to the positioning plate.

4. The hydrographic surveying and mapping UAV according to claim 1, wherein, A plurality of receiving grooves are uniformly opened at the bottom end of the drone fuselage along its circumferential direction, each of the receiving grooves is communicated with the flat groove, and a support foot is rotatably installed in each of the receiving grooves.

5. The hydrographic surveying and mapping drone according to claim 4, characterized in that, A plurality of first teeth are uniformly arranged on the mutually abutting surfaces of the positioning plate and each of the support feet, a half-face gear is arranged at the end of each of the support feet, and each of the half-face gears is meshed with the corresponding first teeth.

6. The hydrographic surveying and mapping drone according to claim 5, characterized in that, A chute is opened on the mutually abutting surfaces of the positioning plate and each of the support feet, a second tooth is slidably installed in each of the chutes, and each of the second teeth is linearly meshed with the corresponding half-face gear.

7. The hydrographic surveying and mapping drone according to claim 6, characterized in that, Each of the second teeth and the inner wall of the corresponding chute is connected by a second elastic member.

8. A water conservancy exploration and surveying unmanned aerial vehicle according to claim 4, characterized in that, A jack is arranged on each of the support feet.

9. The hydrographic surveying and mapping drone according to claim 7, wherein A limiting rod is arranged in each of the receiving grooves, and each of the limiting rods is inserted and matched with the corresponding jack.

10. A water conservancy exploration and surveying UAV according to claim 1, characterized in that, A plurality of wings are uniformly arranged on the drone fuselage, and a propeller is arranged on each of the wings.

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