Coaxial unmanned aerial vehicle electronic speed controller installation method

Abstract

The invention provides a coaxial unmanned aerial vehicle electronic speed controller installation method. The coaxial unmanned aerial vehicle electronic speed controller installation method comprises the following steps that firstly, the face, provided with a field-effect tube, of an electronic speed controller is attached to the flat face of a cooling fin through a heat conduction pad; 2, fixedly connecting an electronic speed controller with the flat surface of the cooling fin, and fixedly connecting the other surface of the cooling fin with a fan to form an electronic speed controller module; and 3, the faces where the fans of the two electronic speed controller modules are located are opposite, and the faces where the electronic speed controllers are located are fixedly connected with an unmanned aerial vehicle shell. Two heat dissipation measures of the fan and the heat dissipation teeth act at the same time, the heat dissipation efficiency of the electronic speed controller is remarkably improved, the electronic speed controller is fixedly connected with the heat dissipation fins, the two electronic speed controller modules are oppositely installed, the electronic speed controller is installed on the machine shell in a screw fastening mode, the electronic speed controller is installed more stably, the shockproof effect is remarkably improved, and the risk that the electronic speed controller falls off is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of unmanned aerial vehicles, and particularly relates to a method for installing an electronic speed controller of a coaxial unmanned aerial vehicle. Background Art

[0002] The electronic speed controller, hereinafter referred to as ESC for short, is also known as an electronic speed governor. It can be divided into a brushed electronic speed controller and a brushless electronic speed controller according to different motors, and it adjusts the speed of the motor according to signals. Its main function on an unmanned aerial vehicle is to convert direct current into alternating current and then change the motor speed. Since a relatively large current passes through the electronic speed controller, it generates a large amount of heat by itself and needs to dissipate heat. The electronic speed controller in a coaxial dual-rotor unmanned aerial vehicle requires a greater power compared to a general unmanned aerial vehicle. The field effect transistors in the electronic speed controller generate serious heat and have a high temperature, which easily exceeds the temperature tolerance value of the field effect transistors. The high temperature will reduce the device performance and directly affect the circuit reliability. Moreover, due to the dense distribution of non-streamlined components such as the hub and control system of the upper and lower rotors of the coaxial dual-rotor, this compact layout results in a narrow internal space and limited design of the heat dissipation channels. The heat dissipation problem of the electronic speed controller is more prominent compared to other configurations of unmanned aerial vehicles.

[0003] In the prior art, a Chinese patent application with the patent application number 202120763822.0 discloses a method for installing an electronic speed controller of an unmanned aerial vehicle, which proposes that the installation structure of the unmanned aerial vehicle includes an electronic speed controller provided with a plurality of heat sinks, a mounting pad, and a fuselage provided with heat dissipation holes. The lower surface of the mounting pad is adhered to the fuselage, and the upper surface is adhered to the electronic speed controller. The heat sinks of the electronic speed controller all pass through the mounting pad and are arranged in the heat dissipation holes of the fuselage. The mounting pad plays a role in bonding the electronic speed controller and the fuselage, and the temperature of the electronic speed controller is naturally dissipated by the convection of the heat sinks and the air.

[0004] The existing heat dissipation measures generally only dissipate heat through the heat sinks of the electronic speed controller with the help of air. The measures are single and the heat dissipation efficiency is low. Moreover, bonding the electronic speed controller to the fuselage through the mounting pad ignores the possibility that the reliability of the mounting pad decreases and fails with the changes in environmental humidity and temperature. There is a risk of the electronic speed controller falling off when the environment changes. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the above problems, the present invention aims to provide a method for installing an electronic speed controller of a coaxial unmanned aerial vehicle. A heat conductive pad is inserted between the electronic speed controller and the heat sink. The heat sink is designed with heat dissipation teeth, and a fan is installed for active heat dissipation. Most of the heat of the heat sink is sent out by the fan from the sealed air duct, and the remaining heat is dissipated by natural convection of the air after passing through the heat dissipation teeth. The two heat dissipation measures act simultaneously, significantly improving the heat dissipation efficiency of the electronic speed controller. The electronic speed controller is fixedly connected to the heat sink, and two electronic speed controller modules are installed opposite to each other and are installed on the casing by means of screw fastening. The installation of the electronic speed controller is more stable, the anti-vibration effect is significantly improved, and the risk of the electronic speed controller falling off is reduced.

[0006] Specifically, the first aspect of the present invention provides a method for installing an electronic speed controller of a coaxial unmanned aerial vehicle, including the following steps:

[0007] Step 1: Attach the side of the ESC with the field effect transistor to the flat surface of the heat sink through a thermal pad.

[0008] Step 2: Fix the ESC and the flat surface of the heat sink together, and fix the other side of the heat sink to the fan to jointly form an ESC module.

[0009] Step 3: Place the sides with the fans of the two ESC modules facing each other, and fix the sides with the ESCs to the drone housing respectively.

[0010] Further, the outer dimensions of the thermal pad are cut to be consistent with the ESC.

[0011] The thermal pad needs to be fully adhered to the surface of the ESC to minimize the contact thermal resistance to the greatest extent. If there is a size mismatch or gap, heat will accumulate at the interface, reducing the heat dissipation efficiency. Cutting it appropriately can optimize the contact and fill the gap between the ESC and the heat sink.

[0012] Further, the thermal pad is used to apply a compressive force perpendicular to the contact surface during installation.

[0013] The thermal pad is used to improve the heat conduction efficiency. The thermal pad itself has flexibility and elasticity. Through the compressive force, it can tightly fill the tiny gaps between the ESC and the radiator, reducing the air proportion, thereby improving the heat conduction efficiency. When the ESC is fixedly connected to the flat surface of the heat sink, the elasticity of the thermal pad can provide a certain shock absorption and buffering effect after compression to protect the components.

[0014] Further, heat dissipation teeth are provided on the side of the heat sink where the fan is located.

[0015] Through a high-density and thin-tooth design, the heat dissipation teeth maximize the heat dissipation area within a limited volume, improve the heat exchange efficiency. The arrangement and shape of the tooth slices enhance the turbulence of the air flow, improving the convective heat dissipation efficiency. The arrangement direction of the heat dissipation teeth is designed by combining the heat dissipation air duct direction and the shape of the ESC.

[0016] When the sides with the fans of the two ESC modules face each other in Step 3, the heat dissipation teeth should be made to face each other as much as possible to improve the convective heat dissipation efficiency.

[0017] Further, an air duct is also provided on the side where the fan is located.

[0018] Further, an air duct seal cover is provided on the air duct.

[0019] The air duct seal cover is installed on the air duct gap, and the edge is sealed with silicone.

[0020] The heat sink dissipates heat actively by installing a fan. At the same time, the heat sink is designed with a sealed air duct, so that most of the heat of the heat sink is extracted from the sealed air duct, and the remaining heat is dissipated by natural convection of air through the heat dissipation teeth.

[0021] Further, the air duct sealing cover is made of FR4 fiberglass board.

[0022] The FR4 fiberglass board has high mechanical strength, can withstand high pressure, impact and fatigue, adapts to temperature and humidity changes, has stable dielectric properties after immersion in water, low coefficient of thermal expansion, and stable dimensions at high temperatures.

[0023] Further, a protective cover is provided on the surface where the ESC is located.

[0024] For the ESC module, a protective cover is provided on the surface where the ESC is located for protection, and an air duct sealing cover is provided on the surface where the fan is located for sealing treatment, which has the functions of dust prevention, waterproofing and salt spray prevention.

[0025] Further, both the air inlet and outlet of the fan are aligned with the air holes on the drone housing.

[0026] The fan speed is adjusted according to the actual temperature to control the ESC temperature within a reasonable range. By aligning the air inlet with the air intake grille of the housing, it can ensure that external air smoothly enters the heat dissipation system. The ventilation design of the air intake grille and the air supply grille, combined with the heat dissipation fan driving the air flow, can effectively cool the ESC. And aligning the air outlet with the air exhaust hole of the housing allows the hot air to be quickly discharged, avoiding local temperature rise caused by staying in the body.

[0027] The formula for adjusting the fan speed according to the temperature is as follows:

[0028]

[0029] Where: R is the fan speed;

[0030] T is the current temperature;

[0031] T min is the lowest temperature. When the temperature is lower than this value, the fan maintains the lowest speed;

[0032] T max is the highest temperature. When the temperature is higher than this value, the fan maintains the highest speed;

[0033] R min is the lowest fan speed, usually the speed in silent mode or low load;

[0034] R max is the highest fan speed, determined by hardware or safety limits;

[0035] The size of the air inlet hole on the drone housing is the same as the size of the air inlet of the fan, and the size of the air outlet hole on the drone housing is the same as the size of the air outlet of the fan.

[0036] Further, the size of the air outlet is larger than that of the air inlet.

[0037] The larger size of the air outlet than the air inlet is used, on the one hand, to distinguish the air outlet and the air inlet during installation to avoid misinstallation. On the other hand, after the air outlet is enlarged, it can more effectively discharge the hot air out of the drone quickly, avoiding the accumulation of heat inside the body. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0038] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present drawings or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the following-described drawings are only some embodiments of the present drawings. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can also be obtained based on the structures shown in these drawings.

[0039] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure after the ESC module is connected to the protective cover;

[0040] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the disassembled structure of the ESC module;

[0041] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the surface of the heat sink where the fan is located;

[0042] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the structure after two ESC modules are combined;

[0043] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the air inlet hole of the drone housing;

[0044] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the air outlet hole of the drone housing;

[0045] Explanation of the reference numerals in the drawings: 1, ESC; 2, thermal pad; 3, heat sink; 4, fan; 5, air duct sealing cover; 6, air inlet hole; 7, drone housing; 8, air outlet hole; 31, heat dissipation teeth; 32, air duct gap.

[0046] The realization of the purpose, functional features and advantages of the present drawings will be further described in combination with the embodiments with reference to the drawings. Detailed Embodiments

[0047] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention will be described and explained below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments provided by the present invention without making creative efforts fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0048] Obviously, the accompanying drawings in the following description are only some examples or embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without making creative efforts, the present invention can also be applied to other similar scenarios based on these drawings. In addition, it can also be understood that although the efforts made in such a development process may be complex and lengthy, for those of ordinary skill in the art related to the content disclosed by the present invention, some design, manufacturing or production changes made based on the technical content disclosed by the present invention are only conventional technical means and should not be understood as the content disclosed by the present invention being insufficient.

[0049] If there is no special instruction, all embodiments and optional embodiments of the present invention can be combined with each other to form new technical solutions.

[0050] If there is no special instruction, all technical features and optional technical features of the present invention can be combined with each other to form new technical solutions.

[0051] If there is no special instruction, all steps of the present invention can be carried out in sequence or randomly, and preferably in sequence. For example, the method includes steps (a) and (b), which means that the method may include steps (a) and (b) carried out in sequence, or may also include steps (b) and (a) carried out in sequence. For example, it is mentioned that the method may further include step (c), which means that step (c) can be added to the method in any order. For example, the method may include steps (a), (b) and (c), or may also include steps (a), (c) and (b), or may also include steps (c), (a) and (b), etc.

[0052] If there is no special instruction, the "including" and "comprising" mentioned in the present invention mean open-ended or closed-ended. For example, the "including" and "comprising" may mean that other components not listed may also be included or comprised, or may only include or comprise the listed components.

[0053] Unless otherwise specified, in the present invention, the term "or" is inclusive. For example, the phrase "A or B" means "A, B, or both A and B". More specifically, any of the following conditions satisfies the condition "A or B": A is true (or exists) and B is false (or does not exist); A is false (or does not exist) and B is true (or exists); or both A and B are true (or exist).

[0054] To better understand the solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, some related terms and concepts that may be involved in the embodiments of the present invention will be introduced below.

[0055] (1) A coaxial dual-rotor unmanned aerial vehicle is an aircraft designed with two sets of rotors rotating in opposite directions along the same axis. Its core feature is to cancel the rotor torque through reverse rotation, eliminating the need for a tail rotor for balance. The two sets of rotors are coaxially installed vertically and rotate in opposite directions. Attitude control is achieved through differential speed or collective pitch adjustment. The rotor radius is only 70% of that of a single-rotor helicopter of the same level, and the longitudinal dimension is reduced by about 40%, making it suitable for operation in confined spaces.

[0056] (2) A field-effect transistor (FET) is a semiconductor device that controls current using the electric field effect and belongs to a voltage-controlled component. Its core principle is to adjust the width of the conductive channel between the source (S) and the drain (D) by changing the gate (G) voltage, thereby controlling the magnitude of the drain current. The field-effect transistor is one of the main heat sources in the electronic speed controller, and its heat generation degree is closely related to factors such as circuit design, working state, and heat dissipation conditions.

[0057] (3) An electronic speed controller (ESC) is an electronic device used to precisely control the speed of an electric motor and is widely used in fields such as model aircraft and industrial equipment. Its main function is to adjust the voltage or current of the motor according to the received control signal, thereby achieving precise control of the speed. The electronic speed controller is a core component of the power system.

[0058] In this embodiment, a method for installing an electronic speed controller for a coaxial unmanned aerial vehicle includes the following steps:

[0059] Step 1: Attach the surface of the electronic speed controller 1 with the field-effect transistor to the flat surface of the heat sink 3 through the thermal pad 2.

[0060] Step 2: Fix the electronic speed controller 1 to the flat surface of the heat sink 3, and fix the other side of the heat sink 3 to the fan 4 to jointly form an electronic speed controller module.

[0061] The overall structure of the formed electronic speed controller module with a protective cover is as shown in Figure 1 shown, and a partial structure diagram after removing the protective cover and disassembling is as shown in Figure 2 shown.

[0062] Step 3: Opposite the surfaces where the fans 4 of the two electronic speed control modules are located, and fixedly connect the surfaces where the electronic speed control 1 is located to the drone housing 7 respectively.

[0063] The structure of the surface where the fan of the heat sink 3 is located is as Figure 3 shown, and the structure after the combination of the two electronic speed control modules is as Figure 4 shown.

[0064] Furthermore, the outer dimensions of the thermal pad 2 are cut to be the same as those of the electronic speed control 1.

[0065] The thermal pad 2 needs to be completely attached to the surface of the electronic speed control 1 to minimize the contact thermal resistance to the greatest extent. If there is a size mismatch or gap, heat will accumulate at the interface, reducing the heat dissipation efficiency. Appropriate cutting can optimize the contact and fill the gap between the electronic speed control 1 and the heat sink 3.

[0066] Furthermore, the thermal pad 2 is used to apply a compressive force perpendicular to the contact surface during installation.

[0067] The thermal pad 2 is used to improve the heat conduction efficiency. The thermal pad 2 itself has flexibility and elasticity. Through the compressive force, it can tightly fill the tiny gaps between the electronic speed control and the radiator, reducing the air proportion, thereby improving the heat conduction efficiency. When the electronic speed control 1 is fixedly connected to the flat surface of the heat sink 3, the elasticity of the thermal pad 2 can provide a certain shock absorption and buffering effect after compression to protect the components.

[0068] Furthermore, heat dissipation teeth 31 are provided on the surface where the fan 4 of the heat sink 3 is located.

[0069] The heat dissipation teeth 31 are designed with high density and thin teeth to maximize the heat dissipation area within a limited volume and improve the heat exchange efficiency. The arrangement and shape of the teeth enhance the turbulence of the air flow and improve the convective heat dissipation efficiency. The arrangement direction of the heat dissipation teeth is designed in combination with the heat dissipation air duct direction and the shape of the electronic speed control.

[0070] When the surfaces where the fans 4 of the two electronic speed control modules are opposite in Step 3, the heat dissipation teeth 31 should be opposite as much as possible to improve the convective heat dissipation efficiency.

[0071] Furthermore, an air duct is also provided on the surface where the fan 4 is located.

[0072] Furthermore, an air duct sealing cover 5 is provided on the air duct.

[0073] The air duct sealing cover 5 is installed on the air duct gap 32, and the edge is sealed with silicone.

[0074] The heat sink 3 dissipates heat actively by installing the fan 4. At the same time, the heat sink 3 increases the sealed air duct design, so that most of the heat of the heat sink 3 is extracted from the sealed air duct, and the remaining heat is dissipated by natural convection of the air through the heat dissipation teeth 31.

[0075] Furthermore, the air duct sealing cover 5 is made of FR4 fiberglass board.

[0076] The FR4 fiberglass board has high mechanical strength, can withstand high pressure, impact and fatigue, adapts to temperature and humidity changes, has stable dielectric properties after immersion in water, low thermal expansion coefficient, and stable dimensions at high temperatures.

[0077] Furthermore, a protective cover is provided on the surface where the ESC 1 is located.

[0078] For the ESC module, a protective cover is provided on the surface where the ESC 1 is located for protection, and an air duct sealing cover is provided on the surface where the fan is located for sealing treatment, which has the functions of dust prevention, waterproofing and salt spray prevention.

[0079] Furthermore, both the air inlet and outlet of the fan 4 are aligned with the air holes on the drone housing 7.

[0080] The rotation speed of the fan 4 is adjusted according to the actual temperature to control the temperature of the ESC 1 within a reasonable range. By aligning the air inlet with the air intake grille of the housing 7, it can ensure that external air smoothly enters the cooling system. The ventilation design of the air intake grille and the air supply grille, combined with the cooling fan driving the air flow, can effectively cool the ESC 1. And aligning the air outlet with the air exhaust hole of the housing enables the hot air to be quickly discharged, avoiding local temperature rise caused by staying in the body.

[0081] The formula for adjusting the fan speed according to the temperature is as follows:

[0082]

[0083] The size of the air inlet hole 6 on the drone housing 7 is the same as the size of the air inlet of the fan 4, and the size of the air outlet hole 8 on the drone housing 7 is the same as the size of the air outlet of the fan 4.

[0084] The structure of the air inlet hole 6 of the drone housing 7 is as Figure 5 shown, and the structure of the air outlet hole 8 of the drone housing 7 is as Figure 6 shown.

[0085] Furthermore, the size of the air outlet is larger than that of the air inlet.

[0086] The size of the air outlet is larger than that of the air inlet. On the one hand, it is used to distinguish the air outlet and air inlet during installation to avoid misinstallation. On the other hand, after the air outlet is enlarged, it can more effectively discharge the hot air quickly outside the drone, avoiding heat accumulation in the body.

[0087] It should be noted that the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments. The above embodiments are merely examples, and embodiments having the same constitution in essence as the technical idea and exerting the same effect within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention are all included in the technical scope of the present invention. In addition, within the scope not departing from the gist of the present invention, various modifications that can be conceived by those skilled in the art to the embodiments, and other ways constructed by combining some constituent elements in the embodiments are also included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for installing an electronic speed controller of a coaxial unmanned aerial vehicle, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: Step 1: Attach the surface of the electronic speed controller (ESC) with the field effect transistor to the flat surface of the heat sink through a thermal pad; Step 2: Fix the ESC and the flat surface of the heat sink together, and fix the other side of the heat sink to the fan to jointly form an ESC module; Step 3: Place the fan - facing surfaces of two ESC modules opposite to each other, and fix the ESC - facing surfaces to the drone's shell respectively.

2. The coaxial UAV electronic speed controller installation method according to claim 1, characterized in that The external dimensions of the thermal pad are cut to be consistent with the ESC.

3. A coaxial unmanned aerial vehicle electronic speed controller installation method according to claim 2, characterized in that The thermal pad is used to apply a compressive force perpendicular to the contact surface during installation.

4. A coaxial drone ESC installation method according to claim 1, characterized in that There are heat dissipation teeth on the fan - facing surface of the heat sink.

5. A method for installing an electronic speed controller of a coaxial unmanned aerial vehicle according to claim 4, characterized in that, There is also an air duct on the fan - facing surface.

6. A coaxial unmanned aerial vehicle electronic speed controller installation method according to claim 5, characterized in that, There is an air duct sealing cover on the air duct.

7. A coaxial drone ESC installation method according to claim 6, characterized in that, The air duct sealing cover is made of FR4 fiberglass board.

8. A coaxial drone ESC installation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, There is a protective cover on the ESC - facing surface.

9. A coaxial unmanned aerial vehicle electronic speed controller installation method according to claim 1, characterized in that The air inlet and air outlet of the fan are aligned with the air holes on the drone's shell.

10. A method for installing an electronic speed controller of a coaxial unmanned aerial vehicle according to claim 9, characterized in that The size of the air outlet is larger than that of the air inlet.

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