Hybrid energy storage peak and frequency modulation device based on electromagnetic clutch

Abstract

The invention discloses a hybrid energy storage peak regulation and frequency modulation device based on an electromagnetic clutch, and relates to the technical field of hybrid energy storage peak regulation and frequency modulation devices, the hybrid energy storage peak regulation and frequency modulation device comprises an air compressor body (6), a superconducting flywheel device (1), the electromagnetic clutch (2), an air storage device, an expansion device (4), a control system (5), pipelines (3) and the like, the main shaft is coupled with a superconducting flywheel device through an electromagnetic clutch, a control device is installed at the bottom end of the machine body, an exhaust port in the side face of the machine body is connected with an exhaust pipe, one end of an air inlet pipe is fixedly connected with an air inlet, and air entering the air inlet is filtered through a filtering mechanism. The amount of air entering the air inlet is adjusted through an adjusting mechanism. By utilizing the electromagnetic clutch mechanism, the coupling of the air compressor and the superconducting flywheel device is conveniently realized, and the rapid peak regulation and frequency modulation of hybrid energy storage at the power consumption trough or the power grid load peak are realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a hybrid energy storage frequency modulation device combining a flywheel and compressed air, and particularly to a hybrid energy storage frequency modulation device based on an electromagnetic clutch for a flywheel and compressed air. Background Art

[0002] With the continuous expansion of the scale of modern power systems and the increasing proportion of new energy sources (such as wind power and photovoltaic power) connected to the grid, the frequency stability of power systems faces challenges. Unstable power input will cause fluctuations in the grid frequency, and the grid frequency needs to be maintained within a relatively stable range. Therefore, the demand for frequency modulation devices is becoming increasingly urgent.

[0003] Traditional energy storage frequency modulation methods all have certain problems more or less. Flywheel energy storage is a method of storing and releasing energy using a high-speed rotating flywheel. It has advantages such as high power density and fast response speed, and can quickly charge and discharge in a short time to effectively regulate the grid frequency. However, the energy density of flywheel energy storage is relatively low, which means that if a large amount of energy needs to be stored, a larger-sized flywheel or a combination of multiple flywheels is required, which will increase the volume and cost of the device.

[0004] Compressed air energy storage uses electric energy to compress air during the low-load period of the power grid and stores it in devices such as high-pressure containers; during the high-load period of the power grid, the high-pressure air is released again to drive a turbine to generate electricity. It has a large energy storage capacity and is suitable for large-scale energy storage. However, its response speed is relatively slow and it is restricted by geographical conditions, such as the need for suitable underground gas storage caverns, etc.

[0005] The composite energy storage device emerged under such a background, combining the advantages of fast response of flywheel energy storage and large-capacity energy storage of compressed air energy storage, and combining the flexible control advantage of the electromagnetic clutch to better achieve power frequency modulation. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a hybrid energy storage peak shaving and frequency modulation device based on an electromagnetic clutch. This device combines the advantages of flywheel energy storage and compressed air energy storage, and then utilizes the flexible control ability of the electromagnetic clutch, and can be applied to fields such as power peak shaving and frequency modulation. It mainly consists of a compressed air unit combined with a superconducting flywheel energy storage unit, an electromagnetic clutch, etc.

[0007] The present invention realizes its invention purpose by adopting a hybrid energy storage peak shaving and frequency modulation device based on an electromagnetic clutch.

[0008] Its structural feature is that the device controls the connection between the superconducting flywheel unit and the compressed air unit through an electromagnetic clutch.

[0009] On the left side of the hybrid energy storage peak shaving and frequency modulation device is the superconducting flywheel unit, in the middle is the compressed air unit, and the rotating shafts of the superconducting flywheel unit and the compressed air unit are flexibly connected through an electromagnetic clutch. On the right end are the gas storage device and the expansion equipment. The left side is connected to the compression device through a pipeline, and the right side is connected to the generator on the user side, enabling more flexible and rapid frequency modulation of electricity.

[0010] The working process and principle of the present invention are as follows: When the load of the power system is at a low valley, it enters the energy storage process: turn on the air compressor, and atmospheric air is compressed into high-pressure air and enters the gas storage chamber. The high-pressure air enters the gas storage chamber and compresses the elastic airbag, squeezing out the hydraulic oil in the elastic airbag. The sealed piston in the hydraulic oil tank rises, and all the hydraulic oil is squeezed out into the hydraulic oil tank. When the sealed piston rises to a specified height, it triggers the liquid level sensor to control the closing of the hydraulic oil stop valve. At the same time, the coordinated control system controls the main shaft driving electromagnetic clutch connected to the compressed air device to be coupled with the main shaft motor of the superconducting flywheel energy storage system. At this time, as the air in the compressed air unit is gradually compressed and the pressure continuously increases, the main shaft of the mechatronic reversible motor in the superconducting flywheel energy storage system is driven by the electromagnetic clutch, and the superconducting flywheel energy storage system accelerates and rotates, converting electrical energy into the kinetic energy of the flywheel and storing it. When the load of the power system is at a peak, it enters the energy release process: open the gas release shut-off valve of the gas storage chamber, open the hydraulic oil stop valve, connect the charging and discharging port of the gas storage chamber with the hydraulic oil tank, start the hydraulic pump to flush the hydraulic oil in the hydraulic oil tank into the elastic airbag in the gas storage chamber. The sealed piston in the hydraulic oil tank descends, and the hydraulic oil gradually fills the elastic airbag in the gas storage chamber. The hydraulic pump maintains the constant oil pressure in the gas storage chamber, and the high-pressure air enters the expander to do work. The expander rotates to drive the generator to generate electrical energy. At the same time, the coordinated control system controls the main shaft driving electromagnetic clutch connected to the compressed air device to be coupled with the main shaft motor of the superconducting flywheel energy storage system. The electromagnetic clutch controls the deceleration of the rotor of the superconducting flywheel energy storage system, and the kinetic energy stored in it is converted into electrical energy through the reversible motor and also transmitted to the power grid.

[0011] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: The frequency modulation performance is improved. The composite energy storage device flexibly combines the advantages of flywheel energy storage and compressed air energy storage through the control of the electromagnetic clutch.

[0012] The flywheel energy storage has a fast response speed and can quickly release or absorb energy instantaneously when the power grid frequency fluctuates slightly for frequency modulation. When the power grid frequency suddenly increases, the flywheel can quickly absorb the excess electrical energy within a few seconds to quickly stabilize the frequency.

[0013] The compressed air energy storage has a large capacity and can continuously supply or store energy during the long-term frequency modulation process of dealing with large power deficits or surpluses. The cooperation of the two can effectively improve the accuracy and duration of frequency modulation and better maintain the stability of the power grid frequency.

[0014] Compared with using flywheel energy storage alone to meet the large-capacity energy storage demand during frequency regulation, by adding compressed air energy storage, the dependence on the number of high-cost flywheel energy storage units can be reduced. Since the cost of compressed air energy storage itself is relatively low, especially in large-scale energy storage scenarios, such a combination can reduce the construction cost and long-term operation cost of the entire frequency regulation device; Both energy density and power density are taken into account. The flywheel energy storage has a high power density, and the compressed air energy storage has a high energy density. In the composite energy storage device, high power density and high energy density can be achieved simultaneously. This enables the device to quickly output or absorb a large amount of power (through flywheel energy storage) and store and release a large amount of energy (through compressed air energy storage) when dealing with different frequency fluctuation situations, effectively improving the comprehensive performance of the device.

[0015] Improve the reliability of the energy storage system. The two energy storage methods cooperate with each other. When one energy storage method fails or its performance deteriorates (such as the motor failure of the flywheel or the air leakage of the compressed air energy storage), the other energy storage method can still continue to work and provide a certain frequency regulation ability, reducing the risk of the entire energy storage frequency regulation system failing due to a single fault and improving the reliability and safety of the system. Description of the Drawings

[0016] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention; Figure 2 is a control flow chart of the present invention; Figure 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the electromagnetic clutch of the present invention; Figure 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the superconducting flywheel system of the present invention; Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the compressed air energy storage system of the present invention; Figure 6 is a schematic structural diagram of the control system of the present invention;

[0021] Among them, 1. superconducting flywheel energy storage system, 2. electromagnetic clutch, 3. system main pipeline, 4. gas storage and expansion device, 5. coordination control system, 6. air compression system, 7. component, 8. screw, 9. clutch steel wall, 10. return spring, 11. steel sheet, 12. friction plate, 13. support plate, 14. bearing, 15. clutch coil, 16. gap adjustment nut, 17. seal, 18. rotor, 19. armature disc, 20. mechanical bearing, 21. superconducting bearing, 22. electromagnetic bearing, 23. flywheel rotor, 24. mechatronics, 25. shafting, 26. housing, 27. vacuum chamber, 28. air compressor, 29. intake shut-off valve, 30. intake pipeline, 31. gas storage chamber, 32. elastic airbag, 33. hydraulic oil tank, 34. hydraulic oil, 35. sealing piston, 36. liquid level sensor, 37. hydraulic pump, 38. hydraulic oil shut-off valve, 39. air release pipeline, 40. air release shut-off valve, 41. expander, 42. generator, 43. motor, 44. AGC module, 45. signal synthesizer, 46. limiter, 47. inverter, 48. limiter, 49. low-pass filter. Specific embodiments

[0017] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Embodiment

[0018] Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0019] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention. In addition, the terms "first", "second", "third" are only used for descriptive purposes and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0020] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that unless otherwise clearly specified and defined, the terms "installation", "connection", and "coupling" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, and it can also be the communication inside two components. It can be a wireless connection or a wired connection. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific situations.

[0021] In addition, the technical features involved in different embodiments of the present invention described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

[0022] Reference Figure 1 As shown, a hybrid energy storage peak shaving and frequency modulation device based on an electromagnetic clutch. A hybrid energy storage peak shaving and frequency modulation device based on an electromagnetic clutch includes a superconducting flywheel energy storage system, an electromagnetic clutch, a compressed air system, an air storage and expansion device, and a coordinated control system, etc. Reference Figure 3 As shown, the electromagnetic clutch is composed of an active part, a driven part, an exciting part, and an armature. For the electromagnetic clutch 2, the core part is composed of an electromagnetic coil 15, an armature disc 19, a friction plate 12, a return spring 10, and a bearing 14. The function of the electromagnetic coil 15 is to generate a magnetic field after being energized; the armature disc 19 is a metal disc attracted by the magnetic field, which is connected to the active end or the driven end to transmit torque; the friction plate 12 transmits power through friction when combined; the return spring 10 is to push the armature disc 19 to reset after power-off to ensure quick separation; the bearing 14 supports the rotating components. There is a gap between the active part and the driven part, and the magnetic powder medium is filled in the middle. When the exciting part is energized, a magnetic field is generated, and the magnetic force acts on the magnetic powder medium, causing it to be axially compressed to form a magnetic powder chain, connecting the active part and the driven part to achieve torque transmission. Further, one end of the electromagnetic clutch 2 is connected to the main shaft of the motor 43 of the air compression system 6. The other end of the electromagnetic clutch 2 is connected to the rotating shaft 25 of the superconducting flywheel system 1, realizing the dynamic coupling between the superconducting flywheel system and the compressed air system and optimizing the energy distribution.

[0023] Reference Figure 4 As shown, the superconducting flywheel system includes a mechanical bearing 20, a superconducting bearing 21, an electromagnetic bearing 22, a flywheel rotor 23, mechatronics 24, a shafting 25, a housing 26, and a vacuum chamber 27. It is characterized in that: the rotating shaft 25 is divided into three parts from top to bottom as follows: a superconducting bearing rotor, a flywheel rotating shaft, and a superconducting motor rotor. The three parts form an integral whole and are integrally cut from steel, without the need for splicing, which greatly improves the mechanical properties of the rotating shaft; Further, the superconducting flywheel system is characterized in that: it is divided into two working stages of charging and discharging; during charging, the superconducting motor drives the flywheel to rotate at a high speed; during discharging, the alternating current of the armature winding of the superconducting motor is disconnected, and the flywheel drives the superconducting motor to rotate. In the mechatronics, the armature winding of the motor will cut the excitation magnetic field established by the superconducting coil of the mechatronics motor, and an induced current will be generated in the armature winding of the integrated motor until the flywheel speed is consumed.

[0024] Reference Figure 5 As shown, a compressed air energy storage system includes a gas storage subsystem, an expansion subsystem connected to the gas storage subsystem to realize the intake pressure, and a compression subsystem connected to the gas storage subsystem to realize the outlet pressure; The compression subsystem includes an air compressor 28; The expansion subsystem includes a generator 42 and an expander 41 connected to the generator 42; The gas storage subsystem includes a gas storage chamber 31 and a hydraulic oil tank 33 connected to the gas storage chamber 31; an elastic airbag 32 for maintaining the air pressure is arranged inside the gas storage chamber 31; the hydraulic oil tank 33 includes hydraulic oil 34, a sealing piston 35 arranged on the oil surface of the hydraulic oil 34, and a liquid level sensor 36 for sensing the position of the sealing piston 35; the hydraulic oil tank 33 is connected to the elastic airbag 32 of the gas storage chamber 31 through a hydraulic pump 37 and a hydraulic oil stop valve 38.

[0025] The outlet of the air compressor 28 is connected to the inlet of the gas storage chamber 31 through an intake shut-off valve 29 and an intake pipeline 30; The inlet of the expander 41 is connected to the outlet of the gas storage chamber 31 through a gas release shut-off valve 40 and a gas release pipeline 39.

[0026] Working principle: The energy storage method of a hybrid energy storage peak shaving and frequency modulation device based on an electromagnetic clutch includes the following steps: When the power system is at a low load, it enters the energy storage process: The air compressor 28 is turned on, and atmospheric air is compressed into high-pressure air and enters the air storage chamber 31. The high-pressure air enters the air storage chamber 31 and compresses the elastic airbag 32, squeezing out the hydraulic oil 34 in the elastic airbag 32. The sealed piston 35 in the hydraulic oil tank 33 rises, and all the hydraulic oil 34 is squeezed out into the hydraulic oil tank 33. The sealed piston 35 rises to a specified height, triggering the liquid level sensor 36 to control the closing of the hydraulic oil stop valve 38. At the same time, the coordinated control system 5 controls the main shaft drive electromagnetic clutch 2 connected to the compressed air device 6 to be coupled with the main shaft motor of the superconducting flywheel energy storage system 1. At this time, in the compressed air unit, as the air is gradually compressed and the pressure continuously increases, the main shaft of the mechatronic 24 reversible motor in the superconducting flywheel energy storage system is driven by the electromagnetic clutch 2, and the superconducting flywheel energy storage system 1 accelerates rotation, converting electrical energy into the kinetic energy of the flywheel and storing it; When the power system is at a high load, it enters the energy release process: The air release shut-off valve 40 of the air storage chamber 31 is opened, and the hydraulic oil stop valve 38 is opened. The charging / discharging port of the air storage chamber 31 is communicated with the hydraulic oil tank 33. The hydraulic pump 37 is started to pump the hydraulic oil 34 in the hydraulic oil tank 33 into the elastic airbag 32 in the air storage chamber 31. The sealed piston 35 in the hydraulic oil tank 33 descends, and the hydraulic oil gradually fills the elastic airbag 32 in the air storage chamber 31. The hydraulic pump 37 maintains a constant oil pressure in the air storage chamber 31. The high-pressure air enters the expander 41 to do work, and the expander 41 rotates to drive the generator 42 to generate electrical energy. At the same time, the coordinated control system 5 controls the main shaft drive electromagnetic clutch 2 connected to the compressed air device 6 to be coupled with the main shaft motor of the superconducting flywheel energy storage system 1. The electromagnetic clutch 2 controls the deceleration of the rotor of the superconducting flywheel energy storage system, and the kinetic energy stored in it is converted into electrical energy through the reversible motor and also transmitted to the power grid.

[0027] In summary, the present invention combines the advantages that the flywheel energy storage has an extremely fast response and is suitable for high-frequency and short-time power fluctuations, and the compressed air energy storage has a slower response and is suitable for long-time and large-capacity energy storage. Through the quick engagement / disengagement of the electromagnetic clutch, the two devices are coupled to achieve the complementarity of the two energy storage methods. This coupling device realizes the "combination of fast and slow" through the electromagnetic clutch, taking into account the power density and energy density, and has significant advantages in terms of efficiency, cost, life and reliability, and is particularly suitable for the dual requirements of dynamic performance and long-term storage in the hybrid energy storage scenario.

[0028] The above is only the preferred specific implementation manner of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, according to the technical solution of the present invention and its inventive concept, makes equivalent substitutions or changes, and all should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A flywheel and compressed air hybrid energy storage frequency modulation device based on an electromagnetic clutch, characterized in that, A hybrid energy storage peak shaving and frequency modulation device based on an electromagnetic clutch, comprising a superconducting flywheel energy storage system 1, an electromagnetic clutch 2, a compressed air system 6, an air storage and expansion device 4, a coordination control system 5, etc.

2. The flywheel and compressed air hybrid energy storage frequency modulation device based on an electromagnetic clutch according to claim 1, characterized in that The electromagnetic clutch consists of an active part, a driven part, an exciting part and an armature. Among them, for the electromagnetic clutch 2, the core part is composed of an electromagnetic coil 15, an armature disc 19, friction plates 12, a return spring 10, and a bearing 14; the function of the electromagnetic coil 15 is to generate a magnetic field after being energized; the armature disc 19 is a metal disc attracted by the magnetic field, connected to the active end or the driven end to transmit torque; the friction plates 12 transmit power through friction when combined; the return spring 10 pushes the armature disc 19 to reset after power-off to ensure quick separation; the bearing 14 supports the rotating components; there is a gap between the active part and the driven part, and a magnetic powder medium is filled in the middle. When the exciting part is energized, a magnetic field is generated, and the magnetic force acts on the magnetic powder medium, causing it to be axially compressed to form a magnetic powder chain, connecting the active part and the driven part to achieve torque transmission. Furthermore, one end of the electromagnetic clutch 2 is connected to the main shaft of the motor 43 of the air compression system 6; the other end of the electromagnetic clutch 2 is connected to the rotating shaft 25 of the superconducting flywheel system 1, realizing the dynamic coupling of the superconducting flywheel system and the compressed air system and optimizing energy distribution.

3. The flywheel and compressed air hybrid energy storage frequency modulation device based on an electromagnetic clutch according to claim 1, characterized in that The superconducting flywheel system includes a mechanical bearing 20, a superconducting bearing 21, an electromagnetic bearing 22, a flywheel rotor 23, mechatronics 24, a shafting 25, a housing 26, and a vacuum chamber 27. Among them, the rotating shaft 25 is divided into three parts from top to bottom: a superconducting bearing rotor, a flywheel rotating shaft, and a superconducting motor rotor; the three parts are an integral whole, integrally cut from steel, and do not need to be spliced, greatly improving the mechanical properties of the rotating shaft. Furthermore, the superconducting flywheel system is characterized in that: it is divided into two working stages of charging and discharging; during charging, the superconducting motor drives the flywheel to rotate at high speed; during discharging, the alternating current of the armature winding of the superconducting motor is disconnected, and the flywheel drives the superconducting motor to rotate. The armature winding in the mechatronics will cut the excitation magnetic field established by the superconducting coil of the mechatronics motor, and an induced current will be generated in the armature winding of the mechatronics motor until the flywheel speed is consumed.

4. A flywheel and compressed air hybrid energy storage frequency modulation device based on an electromagnetic clutch according to claim 1, characterized in that, The compressed air system includes a gas storage subsystem, an expansion subsystem connected to the gas storage subsystem to realize the intake pressure, and a compression subsystem connected to the gas storage subsystem to realize the outlet pressure. Among them, the compression subsystem includes an air compressor 28; the expansion subsystem includes a generator 42 and an expander 41 connected to the generator 42; the gas storage subsystem includes a gas storage chamber 31 and a hydraulic oil tank 33 connected to the gas storage chamber 31; an elastic airbag 32 for maintaining the air pressure is arranged inside the gas storage chamber 31; the hydraulic oil tank 33 includes hydraulic oil 34, a sealing piston 35 arranged on the oil surface of the hydraulic oil 34, and a liquid level sensor 36 for sensing the position of the sealing piston 35; the hydraulic oil tank 33 is connected to the elastic airbag 32 of the gas storage chamber 31 through a hydraulic pump 37 and a hydraulic oil stop valve 38; the air outlet of the air compressor 28 is connected to the air inlet of the gas storage chamber 31 through an air inlet shut-off valve 29 and an air inlet pipeline 30; the air inlet of the expander 41 is connected to the air outlet of the gas storage chamber 31 through a gas release shut-off valve 40 and a gas release pipeline 39.

5. The compressed air energy storage and superconducting flywheel hybrid energy storage frequency modulation device according to claim 1, wherein When the power system is at a low load, the energy storage process is entered: the air compressor 28 is turned on, and atmospheric air is compressed into high-pressure air and enters the gas storage chamber 31. The high-pressure air enters the gas storage chamber 31 and compresses the elastic airbag 32, squeezing out the hydraulic oil 34 in the elastic airbag 32. The sealing piston 35 in the hydraulic oil tank 33 rises, and all the hydraulic oil 34 is squeezed out into the hydraulic oil tank 33. The sealing piston 35 rises to a specified height, triggering the liquid level sensor 36 to control the closing of the hydraulic oil stop valve 38. At the same time, the coordinated control system 5 controls the main shaft drive electromagnetic clutch 2 connected to the compressed air device 6 to be coupled with the main shaft motor of the superconducting flywheel energy storage system 1. At this time, in the compressed air unit, as the air is gradually compressed and the pressure continuously increases, the main shaft of the mechatronic 24 reversible motor in the superconducting flywheel energy storage system is driven by the electromagnetic clutch 2, and the superconducting flywheel energy storage system 1 accelerates and rotates, converting electrical energy into the kinetic energy of the flywheel and storing it.

6. The compressed air energy storage and superconducting flywheel hybrid energy storage frequency modulation device according to claim 1, wherein When the power system is at a high load, the energy release process is entered: the gas release shut-off valve 40 of the gas storage chamber 31 is opened, the hydraulic oil stop valve 38 is opened, the charging and discharging port of the gas storage chamber 31 is communicated with the hydraulic oil tank 33, and the hydraulic pump 37 is started to flush the hydraulic oil 34 in the hydraulic oil tank 33 into the elastic airbag 32 in the gas storage chamber 31. The sealing piston 35 in the hydraulic oil tank 33 descends, and the hydraulic oil gradually fills the elastic airbag 32 in the gas storage chamber 31. The hydraulic pump 37 maintains the constant oil pressure in the gas storage chamber 31. The high-pressure air enters the expander 41 to do work, and the expander 41 rotates to drive the generator 42 to generate electrical energy; at the same time, the coordinated control system 5 controls the main shaft drive electromagnetic clutch 2 connected to the compressed air device 6 to be coupled with the main shaft motor of the superconducting flywheel energy storage system 1. The electromagnetic clutch 2 controls the deceleration of the rotor of the superconducting flywheel energy storage system, and the kinetic energy stored in it is converted into electrical energy through the reversible motor and also transmitted to the power grid.

7. The compressed air energy storage and superconducting flywheel hybrid energy storage frequency modulation device according to claim 1, characterized in that The coordinated control system 44 is a control device, including: a signal synthesizer 45, a limiter 46, an inverter 47, a limiter 48, and a low-pass filter 49; the AGC module is the core control module in the power system for real-time balancing of power generation and load demand and maintaining the stability of the power grid frequency. It ensures the stable operation of the power grid under fluctuations by dynamically adjusting the output of the generator.

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