Manufacturing process of tin product

Abstract

The invention discloses a manufacturing process of a tin product, and relates to the technical field of tin product manufacturing, and the manufacturing process comprises the following steps: carrying out alloying treatment on high-purity tin and trace copper by adopting a vacuum melting method to obtain a tin-copper alloy melt; the tin-copper alloy melt is rapidly cooled and formed through a die-casting forming method, and a primary tin product blank is obtained; a five-axis linkage CNC machining method is adopted for conducting precise cutting machining on the primary tin product blank, and a semi-finished tin product is obtained; a gradient annealing method is adopted for conducting staged heat treatment on the tin product semi-finished product obtained after CNC machining, and a stable tin product is obtained; a hydraulic drive self-adaptive mold is adopted to conduct progressive compression edge covering on the stable tin product, and the tin product with the edge strengthened is obtained; and finally pressing the edge-strengthened tin product by adopting an ultrasonic-assisted pressing method to obtain a finished tin product with a firm structure. And the finished tin product is subjected to surface coating treatment by adopting a magnetron sputtering method, and a final finished product with a special function is obtained.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of tin product manufacturing, and particularly to a manufacturing process for tin products. Background Art

[0002] The technology for manufacturing tin products involves a series of process steps, from the selection and treatment of raw materials to the shaping and surface treatment of the final product. Traditionally, the manufacturing of tin products may include basic steps such as smelting, casting, machining, heat treatment, etc. With the development of technology, modern tin product manufacturing technology has integrated more advanced manufacturing methods and materials science knowledge to improve product quality, performance, and production efficiency.

[0003] In the field of tin product manufacturing, the traditional die-casting method may result in pores or other defects inside the product, and at the same time, the surface finish is not ideal enough. Also, the semi-finished products after CNC machining may have relatively large internal stresses, which can lead to deformation or dimensional instability during subsequent use. Meanwhile, during the traditional tin product manufacturing process, problems such as uneven composition or oxidation may occur during alloying treatment. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the above existing problems, the present invention is proposed.

[0005] Therefore, the present invention provides a manufacturing process for tin products to solve the problems that the traditional die-casting method may cause pores or other defects inside the product, and at the same time, the surface finish is not ideal enough, and the semi-finished products after CNC machining may have relatively large internal stresses, which can lead to deformation or dimensional instability during subsequent use.

[0006] To solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0007] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a manufacturing process for tin products, which includes:

[0008] Performing alloying treatment on high-purity tin and trace copper by using a vacuum melting method to obtain a tin-copper alloy melt;

[0009] Performing rapid cooling and shaping on the tin-copper alloy melt by using a die-casting method to obtain a primary tin product blank;

[0010] Performing precision cutting on the primary tin product blank by using a five-axis linkage CNC machining method to obtain a semi-finished tin product;

[0011] Performing staged heat treatment on the semi-finished tin product after CNC machining by using a gradient annealing method to obtain a stable tin product;

[0012] Performing progressive compression and edge binding on the stable tin product by using a hydraulically driven adaptive mold to obtain a tin product with edge strengthening;

[0013] The edge-reinforced tin product is finally pressed by an ultrasonic-assisted pressing method to obtain a finished tin product with a firm structure;

[0014] The surface of the finished tin product is coated by a magnetron sputtering method to obtain a final finished product with special functions.

[0015] As a preferred embodiment of the manufacturing process of the tin product described in the present invention, wherein: the high-purity tin and trace copper are alloyed by a vacuum melting method to obtain a tin-copper alloy melt, and the specific steps are as follows:

[0016] Load the high-purity tin and copper into a vacuum induction melting furnace according to a ratio;

[0017] The high-purity tin is Sn≥99.95%, and the copper is Cu 0.5% - 1.5%;

[0018] Vacuum is pumped to the furnace pressure ≤ 10 -3 Pa to prevent oxidation, and the temperature is raised to 280 - 320°C at a rate of 20 - 30°C / min. After the molten metal is completely melted, it is kept warm for 10 - 15 minutes;

[0019] An alternating electromagnetic field with a frequency of 50 - 100 Hz and an intensity of 0.5 - 1.0 T is applied to stir the melt to obtain a tin-copper alloy melt.

[0020] As a preferred embodiment of the manufacturing process of the tin product described in the present invention, wherein: the tin-copper alloy melt is rapidly cooled and formed by a die-casting method to obtain a primary tin product blank, and the specific steps are as follows:

[0021] Prepare a die-casting mold, preheat the die-casting mold to 150 ± 5°C, and spray a nano-aluminum oxide release agent in the mold cavity, and the coating thickness is controlled at 5 - 10 μm;

[0022] Transfer the tin-copper alloy melt obtained by vacuum melting to a die-casting machine under a protective atmosphere, and keep the melt temperature at 300 ± 5°C;

[0023] During the process of transferring to the die-casting machine, calculate the optimal injection speed v inj ;

[0024] Immediately apply a holding pressure of 80 - 100 MPa after the melt filling is completed, and the duration is 10 - 15 s;

[0025] After the mold temperature drops below 80°C, open the mold to take out the part, and sandblast the blank to remove the flash to obtain a primary tin product blank.

[0026] As a preferred embodiment of the manufacturing process of the tin products of the present invention, the steps are as follows: Precision cutting of the primary tin product blank is performed using a five-axis linkage CNC machining method to obtain a semi-finished tin product. The specific steps are as follows:

[0027] Fix the primary tin product blank using a vacuum adsorption fixture, with the adsorption pressure maintained at -0.08 to -0.1 MPa to ensure that the clamping deformation is <5 μm;

[0028] Calibrate the workpiece coordinate system through a laser positioning system with a positioning accuracy of ±2 μm;

[0029] Before cutting, generate a tool path based on an improved NURBS curve interpolation algorithm

[0030] Adopt an adaptive adjustment of the spindle speed N;

[0031] Adopt a minimum quantity lubrication system MQL to reduce lubrication waste during high-speed cutting and control the oil mist injection volume Q;

[0032] Adopt an active damping control system to suppress the machining vibration amplitude within ±0.5 μm, and obtain a semi-finished tin product after cutting.

[0033] As a preferred embodiment of the manufacturing process of the tin products of the present invention, the steps are as follows: The semi-finished tin product after CNC machining is subjected to staged heat treatment using a gradient annealing method to obtain a stable tin product. The specific steps are as follows:

[0034] Place the semi-finished tin product after CNC machining in a vacuum heat treatment furnace, evacuate to below 5×10-3 Pa, and heat up at a rate of 15 °C / min to 120 ± 5 °C, and hold for 30 minutes to eliminate machining stress;

[0035] Continue to heat up at 10 °C / min to 180 ± 2 °C for the first stage annealing;

[0036] Cool down at 5 °C / min to 150 ± 2 °C for the second stage annealing;

[0037] And adopt a stepped cooling strategy to cool the annealed semi-finished tin product;

[0038] The stepped cooling strategy first cools in the furnace at 8 °C / min to 100 °C, and then quickly cools to room temperature at 15 °C / min;

[0039] During the cooling process, maintain the nitrogen flow rate in the furnace at 5 L / min to prevent oxidation and obtain a stable tin product.

[0040] As a preferred embodiment of the manufacturing process of the tin products of the present invention, wherein: the stabilized tin products are progressively compression-edge-wrapped by a hydraulically driven adaptive mold to obtain tin products with strengthened edges, and the specific steps are as follows:

[0041] Place the annealed stabilized tin products on the workbench of a hydraulic press, and use a laser scanner to perform three-dimensional mapping of the workpiece contour to generate actual contour point cloud data;

[0042] In the first-stage compression, apply an initial pressure of 150 ± 10 MPa, and in the second-stage compression, increase the pressure to 250 ± 10 MPa, and adopt a pulse loading mode with a frequency of 5 Hz and a duty cycle of 60%;

[0043] In the final shaping stage, the pressure is increased to 300 ± 5 MPa, and the mold temperature is controlled at 120 ± 5 °C, and tin products with strengthened edges are obtained.

[0044] As a preferred embodiment of the manufacturing process of the tin products of the present invention, wherein: the edge-strengthened tin products are finally pressed by an ultrasonic-assisted pressing method to obtain finished tin products with a firm structure, and the specific steps are as follows:

[0045] Put the tin products after hydraulic edge-wrapping into the ultrasonic workbench, use anhydrous ethanol and an ultrasonic cleaner to clean the surface oil stains and impurities, the cleaning time is 3 - 5 minutes, and blow dry the workpiece surface with compressed air to ensure no liquid residue;

[0046] Customize a special pressing head according to the product shape, select cemented carbide YG8 as the material, polish the working end face to Ra0.1 μm, and adjust the parameters of the ultrasonic generator to a frequency of 20 ± 0.5 kHz and an amplitude of 15 ± 1 μm;

[0047] Set the pressing pressure to 50 - 80 N and monitor it through a pressure sensor;

[0048] After debugging, perform preheating treatment, locally preheat the pressing area with an infrared heating device, control the temperature at 80 - 100 °C, the preheating time is 30 - 60 seconds, and perform the pressing operation after preheating;

[0049] The pressing operation includes two stages: rough pressing and fine pressing.

[0050] As a preferred embodiment of the manufacturing process of the tin products of the present invention, wherein: during the rough pressing process, the pressing head approaches the workpiece at a speed of 0.5 mm / s, applies an initial pressure of 30 N, and at the same time turns on the ultrasonic vibration for a duration of 5 - 8 seconds;

[0051] During the fine pressing process, the pressure is increased to 60 - 80 N, the ultrasonic amplitude is adjusted to 10 μm, and the pressure is maintained for 10 - 15 seconds. During this period, the pressing head makes a circular swing;

[0052] The swing amplitude of the pressing head is ±0.5 mm;

[0053] After the pressing is completed, maintain the pressure for 5 seconds for shaping. After turning off the ultrasonic wave, slowly lift the pressing head, and quickly cool the pressing area with liquid nitrogen to obtain a finished tin product with a firm structure.

[0054] As a preferred embodiment of the manufacturing process of the tin product described in the present invention, wherein: the finished tin product is subjected to surface coating treatment by magnetron sputtering to obtain a final finished product with special functions. The specific steps are as follows:

[0055] Put the finished tin product into a vacuum cleaning chamber, use argon ion bombardment cleaning to remove the surface oxide layer, use ultrasonic-assisted alcohol cleaning to further clean the surface, and dry it in an 80 °C oven for 30 minutes;

[0056] Prepare a vacuum system, load the workpiece into the vacuum chamber, evacuate to a base pressure of 5×10 -4 Pa, and introduce high-purity argon as the working gas, and control the pressure at 0.3 - 0.5 Pa;

[0057] Apply a negative bias voltage of -500 V to generate argon plasma, activate the surface of the workpiece, and then perform coating deposition treatment;

[0058] The coating deposition treatment includes transition layer deposition, functional layer deposition, and surface modification layer;

[0059] After the deposition is completed, slowly cool it to below 80 °C in a vacuum environment, and perform vacuum annealing treatment to obtain a final finished product with special functions.

[0060] As a preferred embodiment of the manufacturing process of the tin product described in the present invention, wherein: the transition layer deposition is carried out by DC sputtering for 3 minutes to form a 50-nm-thick transition layer;

[0061] When depositing the functional layer, switch to pulsed DC sputtering, with a power of 800 W, a pressure of 0.4 Pa, and the deposition rate controlled at 5 nm / min, and the total thickness is 1 - 2 μm;

[0062] The surface modification layer is deposited by RF sputtering to deposit a 10-nm-thick dense surface layer.

[0063] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: By using the vacuum melting method to alloy high-purity tin and trace copper, oxidation is avoided under a strictly controlled environment, and the precise proportioning of alloy components is ensured. This method not only guarantees the basic quality of the material but also provides high-quality raw materials for subsequent processing. By using the die-casting method to rapidly cool and form the tin-copper alloy melt, a primary tin product blank is obtained. In this process, by optimizing the injection speed, maintaining the optimal mold temperature, and applying appropriate holding pressure, the formation of pores and defects is effectively reduced. Using the five-axis linkage CNC machining method to precisely machine the primary tin product blank, a variety of advanced technical means are adopted in this step to improve the machining accuracy and efficiency. Using the gradient annealing method to perform staged heat treatment on the semi-finished tin product after CNC machining, the process includes steps such as gradually heating, holding, and stepwise cooling, aiming to eliminate internal stress and stabilize the organizational structure. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0064] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative efforts.

[0065] Figure 1 It is a flowchart of the manufacturing process of the tin product in Embodiment 1. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0066] In order to make the above objects, features, and advantages of the present invention more obvious and understandable, the specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings in the specification.

[0067] Many specific details are set forth in the following description in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. However, the present invention can also be implemented in other ways different from those described herein. Those skilled in the art can make similar extensions without departing from the connotation of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited by the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0068] Secondly, the so-called "one embodiment" or "embodiment" herein refers to a specific feature, structure, or characteristic that can be included in at least one implementation of the present invention. The phrase "in one embodiment" appearing in different places in this specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it a separate or alternative embodiment that excludes other embodiments.

[0069] Embodiment 1, referring to Figure 1 , which is the first embodiment of the present invention. This embodiment provides a manufacturing process for a tin product, including the following steps:

[0070] S1. Alloy high-purity tin and trace copper through vacuum melting to obtain a tin-copper alloy melt;

[0071] Furthermore, load high-purity tin and copper into a vacuum induction melting furnace in proportion;

[0072] The high-purity tin is Sn≥99.95%, and the copper is Cu 0.5% - 1.5%;

[0073] Vacuumize to a furnace pressure ≤ 10 -3 Pa to prevent oxidation, and heat up at a rate of 20 - 30°C / min to 280 - 320°C. After the molten metal is completely melted, keep it warm for 10 - 15 minutes;

[0074] Apply an alternating electromagnetic field with a frequency of 50 - 100 Hz and an intensity of 0.5 - 1.0 T to stir the melt to obtain a tin-copper alloy melt;

[0075] It should be noted that by precisely controlling the furnace pressure to ≤ 10-3 Pa and using the alternating electromagnetic field stirring technology, not only can the oxidation problem of the alloy during melting be effectively avoided, but also the uniform distribution of components can be ensured, thus significantly improving the purity and consistency of the alloy, laying a solid foundation for subsequent process steps, and contributing to the stability and reliability of the final product performance.

[0076] S2. Rapidly cool and form the tin-copper alloy melt by die-casting to obtain a primary tin product blank;

[0077] Furthermore, prepare a die-casting mold, preheat the die-casting mold to 150 ± 5°C, and spray a nano-aluminum oxide release agent in the mold cavity, with the coating thickness controlled at 5 - 10 μm;

[0078] Transfer the tin-copper alloy melt obtained by vacuum melting to a die-casting machine under a protective atmosphere, and keep the melt temperature at 300 ± 5°C;

[0079] During the transfer to the die-casting machine, calculate the optimal injection speed, and the expression is:

[0080]

[0081] where, v inj is the optimal injection speed, k is the correction coefficient, ΔP is the pressure difference, d is the gate diameter, η is the melt viscosity, L is the runner length, t is the actual injection time, and τ is the time constant;

[0082] Immediately apply a holding pressure of 80 - 100 MPa after the melt filling is completed, and the duration is 10 - 15 s;

[0083] After the mold temperature drops below 80 °C, open the mold to remove the workpiece, and perform sandblasting on the blank to remove the flash, obtaining a primary tin product blank;

[0084] It should be noted that spraying nano-aluminum oxide release agent in the mold cavity and strictly controlling the coating thickness can not only improve the demolding efficiency, reduce the damage to the surface of the blank during demolding, but also ensure the surface finish of the product. At the same time, the expression for calculating the optimal injection speed takes into account multiple influencing factors, which can effectively optimize the filling process, reduce defect generation, and ensure product quality.

[0085] S3. Perform precision cutting on the primary tin product blank using a five-axis linkage CNC machining method to obtain a semi-finished tin product;

[0086] Furthermore, use a vacuum adsorption fixture to fix the primary tin product blank, and maintain the adsorption pressure at -0.08 to -0.1 MPa to ensure that the clamping deformation is <5 μm;

[0087] Calibrate the workpiece coordinate system through a laser positioning system, and the positioning accuracy reaches ±2 μm;

[0088] Before cutting, generate a tool path based on an improved NURBS curve interpolation algorithm, and the expression is:

[0089]

[0090] Among them, is the optimized control point coordinate, P i is the initial control point, w i is the weight coefficient, C max is the maximum allowable contour error, C i is the current point contour error, and Δd is the compensation step;

[0091] Adopt adaptive adjustment of the spindle speed, and the expression is:

[0092]

[0093] Among them, N is the real-time speed, N0 is the reference speed, K is the adjustment coefficient, F ideal is the ideal cutting force, F actual is the actual cutting force;

[0094] Adopt a minimum quantity lubrication system MQL to reduce lubrication waste during high-speed cutting and control the oil mist injection volume, and the expression is:

[0095]

[0096] Among them, Q is the oil mist flow rate, Q0 is the reference flow rate, v c is the cutting speed, v0 is the characteristic speed, ap is the cutting depth, a p0 is the reference cutting depth;

[0097] Adopt an active damping control system to suppress the machining vibration amplitude within ±0.5 μm, and obtain a semi-finished tin product after cutting;

[0098] It should be noted that by using an improved NURBS curve interpolation algorithm to generate the tool path, combined with an adaptive adjustment of the spindle speed and a minimum quantity lubrication system MQL, not only can the cutting accuracy and efficiency be significantly improved, but also the vibration and heat accumulation during cutting can be effectively reduced, thus ensuring the high-precision manufacturing requirements of complex-shaped parts and improving the overall quality of the product.

[0099] S4. Use a gradient annealing method to perform staged heat treatment on the semi-finished tin product after CNC machining to obtain a stable tin product;

[0100] Furthermore, place the semi-finished tin product after CNC machining in a vacuum heat treatment furnace, evacuate to below 5×10-3 Pa, and heat up at a rate of 15 °C / min to 120 ± 5 °C, and hold for 30 minutes to eliminate machining stress;

[0101] Continue to heat up at 10 °C / min to 180 ± 2 °C for the first-stage annealing;

[0102] Cool down at 5 °C / min to 150 ± 2 °C for the second-stage annealing;

[0103] And adopt a stepped cooling strategy to cool the annealed semi-finished tin product;

[0104] The stepped cooling strategy first cools in the furnace at 8 °C / min to 100 °C, and then quickly cools to room temperature at 15 °C / min;

[0105] Keep the nitrogen flow rate in the furnace at 5 L / min during the cooling process to prevent oxidation and obtain a stable tin product;

[0106] It should be noted that through the staged heating and cooling strategy, and maintaining an appropriate nitrogen flow rate during the cooling process to prevent oxidation, the internal stress can be effectively eliminated, the microstructure of the material can be improved, and its mechanical properties can be enhanced. The method is particularly suitable for the production of precision parts and helps to improve the dimensional stability and service life of the product.

[0107] S5. Use a hydraulically driven adaptive die to perform progressive compression edge binding on the stable tin product to obtain a tin product with edge strengthening;

[0108] Furthermore, place the stable tin product after annealing treatment on the workbench of a hydraulic press, and use a laser scanner to perform three-dimensional mapping of the workpiece contour to generate actual contour point cloud data;

[0109] In the first-stage compression, an initial pressure of 150 ± 10 MPa is applied, and in the second-stage compression, the pressure is increased to 250 ± 10 MPa. A pulse loading mode with a frequency of 5 Hz and a duty cycle of 60% is adopted.

[0110] In the final shaping stage, the pressure is increased to 300 ± 5 MPa, and the mold temperature is controlled at 120 ± 5 °C, and a tin product with edge strengthening is obtained.

[0111] It should be noted that by using a laser scanner to generate the actual point cloud data of the workpiece contour, personalized processing of each workpiece is realized, ensuring the accuracy during the compression hemming process. In addition, by adjusting the pressure and temperature parameters in different stages, the strength and wear resistance of the edge part of the tin product can be effectively enhanced, further improving the durability and aesthetics of the product.

[0112] S6. The ultrasonic-assisted pressing method is used to finally press the edge-strengthened tin product to obtain a finished tin product with a firm structure.

[0113] Furthermore, the tin product after hydraulic hemming is placed on the ultrasonic workbench, and anhydrous ethanol and an ultrasonic cleaner are used to clean the surface oil stains and impurities. The cleaning time is 3 - 5 minutes, and the workpiece surface is dried with compressed air to ensure no liquid residue.

[0114] A special pressing head is customized according to the product shape. The material is selected as cemented carbide YG8, and the working end face is polished to Ra 0.1 μm. The parameters of the ultrasonic generator are adjusted to a frequency of 20 ± 0.5 kHz and an amplitude of 15 ± 1 μm.

[0115] The pressing pressure is set to 50 - 80 N and monitored by a pressure sensor.

[0116] After debugging, preheating treatment is carried out. The infrared heating device is used to locally preheat the pressing area, the temperature is controlled at 80 - 100 °C, the preheating time is 30 - 60 seconds, and the pressing operation is carried out after preheating.

[0117] The pressing operation includes two stages: rough pressing and fine pressing.

[0118] During the rough pressing process, the pressing head approaches the workpiece at a speed of 0.5 mm / s, an initial pressure of 30 N is applied, and at the same time, ultrasonic vibration is turned on for a duration of 5 - 8 seconds.

[0119] During the fine pressing process, the pressure is increased to 60 - 80 N, the ultrasonic amplitude is adjusted to 10 μm, and the pressure is maintained for 10 - 15 seconds. During this period, the pressing head makes a circular swing.

[0120] The swing amplitude of the pressing head is ±0.5 mm.

[0121] After the pressing is completed, maintain the pressure for 5 seconds for shaping. After turning off the ultrasonic wave, slowly lift the pressing head, quickly cool the pressing area with liquid nitrogen, and obtain a finished tin product with a firm structure;

[0122] It should be noted that the surface cleaning treatment with anhydrous ethanol and an ultrasonic cleaner ensures the cleanliness of the workpiece surface, which is beneficial for subsequent pressing operations. Through preheating treatment and two-stage pressing, tight pressing can be achieved without damaging the workpiece, greatly enhancing the structural strength and sealing performance of the finished product.

[0123] S7. Perform surface coating treatment on the finished tin product by magnetron sputtering to obtain the final finished product with special functions;

[0124] Furthermore, put the finished tin product into a vacuum cleaning chamber, use argon ion bombardment cleaning to remove the surface oxide layer, use ultrasonic-assisted alcohol cleaning to further clean the surface, and dry it in an 80°C oven for 30 minutes;

[0125] Prepare the vacuum system, load the workpiece into the vacuum chamber, evacuate to a base pressure of 5×10 -4 Pa, and introduce high-purity argon as the working gas, controlling the gas pressure at 0.3 - 0.5 Pa;

[0126] Apply a negative bias voltage of -500 V to generate argon plasma, activate the workpiece surface, and then perform coating deposition treatment;

[0127] The coating deposition treatment includes transition layer deposition, functional layer deposition, and surface modification layer;

[0128] After the deposition is completed, slowly cool it to below 80°C in a vacuum environment and perform vacuum annealing treatment to obtain the final finished product with special functions;

[0129] The transition layer deposition uses DC sputtering, with a deposition time of 3 minutes to form a 50-nm-thick transition layer;

[0130] When depositing the functional layer, switch to pulsed DC sputtering, with a power of 800 W, a gas pressure of 0.4 Pa, and the deposition rate controlled at 5 nm / min, with a total thickness of 1 - 2 μm;

[0131] The surface modification layer uses RF sputtering and deposits a 10-nm-thick dense surface layer;

[0132] It should be noted that through argon ion bombardment cleaning and multi-layer coating deposition technology, not only can impurities and oxides on the workpiece surface be removed, but coatings with different functions can also be customized according to actual needs, such as anti-corrosion and wear-resistant properties, thus significantly expanding the application range and service life of tin products. The multi-layer coating design enables the product to maintain excellent performance in more demanding environments.

[0133] In summary, the present invention alloyizes high-purity tin and trace copper by using a vacuum melting method, achieving oxidation avoidance in a strictly controlled environment and ensuring precise proportioning of alloy components. This method not only guarantees the basic quality of the material but also provides high-quality raw materials for subsequent processing. The molten tin-copper alloy is rapidly cooled and formed into a primary tin product blank by a die-casting method. During this process, by optimizing the injection speed, maintaining the optimal mold temperature, and applying appropriate holding pressure, the formation of pores and defects is effectively reduced. The primary tin product blank is precision machined by a five-axis linkage CNC machining method. In this step, a variety of advanced technical means are adopted to improve the machining precision and efficiency. The semi-finished tin product after CNC machining is subjected to staged heat treatment by a gradient annealing method, and the process includes steps such as gradually heating up, holding the temperature, and stepwise cooling, aiming to eliminate internal stress and stabilize the organizational structure.

[0134] It should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that the technical solutions of the present invention can be modified or equivalently replaced without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and they should all be covered within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A manufacturing process for tin products, characterized in that: Including: Alloying high-purity tin and trace copper by vacuum melting method to obtain a tin-copper alloy melt; Rapidly cooling and forming the tin-copper alloy melt by die-casting method to obtain a primary tin product blank; Precision cutting the primary tin product blank by five-axis linkage CNC machining method to obtain a semi-finished tin product; Performing staged heat treatment on the semi-finished tin product after CNC machining by gradient annealing method to obtain a stable tin product; Progressive compression edge wrapping the stable tin product by a hydraulically driven adaptive die to obtain a tin product with edge strengthening; Finally compressing the edge-strengthened tin product by ultrasonic-assisted pressing method to obtain a structurally firm finished tin product; Performing surface coating treatment on the finished tin product by magnetron sputtering method to obtain a final finished product with special functions.

2. The manufacturing process of the tin product according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step of alloying high-purity tin and trace copper by vacuum melting method to obtain a tin-copper alloy melt is as follows: Loading high-purity tin and copper into a vacuum induction melting furnace according to a ratio; The high-purity tin is Sn≥99.95%, and the copper is Cu 0.5% - 1.5%; Vacuumize to the furnace pressure ≤ 10 -3 Pa to prevent oxidation, and heat up to 280 - 320 °C at a rate of 20 - 30 °C / min. After the molten metal is completely melted, keep it warm for 10 - 15 minutes; Applying an alternating electromagnetic field with a frequency of 50 - 100 Hz and an intensity of 0.5 - 1.0 T to stir the melt to obtain a tin-copper alloy melt.

3. The manufacturing process of the tin product according to claim 2, characterized in that: The step of rapidly cooling and forming the tin-copper alloy melt by die-casting method to obtain a primary tin product blank is as follows: Preparing a die-casting mold, preheating the die-casting mold to 150±5°C, spraying a nano-aluminum oxide release agent in the mold cavity, and controlling the coating thickness within 5 - 10 μm; Transferring the tin-copper alloy melt obtained by vacuum melting to a die-casting machine under a protective atmosphere, and maintaining the melt temperature at 300±5°C; During the process of transferring to the die-casting machine, calculate the optimal injection speed v inj ; Immediately applying a holding pressure of 80 - 100 MPa after the melt filling is completed, with a duration of 10 - 15 s; After the mold temperature drops below 80°C, opening the mold to take out the part, and performing sandblasting on the blank to remove flash to obtain a primary tin product blank.

4. The manufacturing process of the tin product according to claim 3, characterized in that: The step of precision cutting the primary tin product blank by five-axis linkage CNC machining method to obtain a semi-finished tin product is as follows: Fixing the primary tin product blank by a vacuum adsorption fixture, maintaining the adsorption pressure at -0.08 - -0.1 MPa, and ensuring that the clamping deformation is <5 μm; Calibrating the workpiece coordinate system through a laser positioning system, with a positioning accuracy reaching ±2 μm; Before cutting, a tool path is generated based on an improved NURBS curve interpolation algorithm Adopting an adaptive adjustment of the spindle speed N; Adopting a minimum quantity lubrication system MQL to reduce lubrication waste during high-speed cutting and control the oil mist injection quantity Q; Adopting an active damping control system to suppress the machining vibration amplitude within ±0.5 μm, and obtaining a semi-finished tin product after cutting.

5. The manufacturing process of the tin product according to claim 4, characterized in that: The step of performing staged heat treatment on the semi-finished tin product after CNC machining by gradient annealing method to obtain a stable tin product is as follows: Placing the semi-finished tin product after CNC machining in a vacuum heat treatment furnace, evacuating to below 5×10-3 Pa, and heating at a rate of 15°C / min to 120±5°C, and holding for 30 minutes to eliminate machining stress; Continuing to heat at a rate of 10°C / min to 180±2°C for the first-stage annealing; Cool down to 150 ± 2 °C at a rate of 5 °C / min for the second-stage annealing; And adopt a stepped cooling strategy to cool the semi-finished tin products after annealing; The stepped cooling strategy first cools in the furnace at 8 °C / min to 100 °C, and then quickly cools to room temperature at 15 °C / min; During the cooling process, maintain the nitrogen flow rate in the furnace at 5 L / min to prevent oxidation and obtain stable tin products.

6. The manufacturing process of the tin product according to claim 5, characterized in that: Use a hydraulically driven adaptive mold to perform progressive compression edge binding on the stable tin products to obtain tin products with strengthened edges. The specific steps are as follows: Place the stable tin products after annealing treatment on the workbench of the hydraulic press, and use a laser scanner to perform three-dimensional mapping of the workpiece contour to generate actual contour point cloud data; In the first-stage compression, apply an initial pressure of 150 ± 10 MPa, and in the second-stage compression, increase the pressure to 250 ± 10 MPa, and adopt a pulse loading mode with a frequency of 5 Hz and a duty cycle of 60%; In the final shaping stage, the pressure rises to 300 ± 5 MPa, and the mold temperature is controlled at 120 ± 5 °C, and tin products with strengthened edges are obtained.

7. The manufacturing process of the tin product according to claim 6, characterized in that: Use the ultrasonic-assisted pressing method to finally press the tin products with strengthened edges to obtain finished tin products with a firm structure. The specific steps are as follows: Put the tin products after hydraulic edge binding into the ultrasonic workbench, use anhydrous ethanol and an ultrasonic cleaner to clean the surface oil stains and impurities, the cleaning time is 3 - 5 minutes, and use compressed air to dry the surface of the workpiece to ensure that there is no liquid residue; Customize a special pressing head according to the product shape, select cemented carbide YG8 as the material, polish the working end face to Ra0.1 μm, and adjust the parameters of the ultrasonic generator to a frequency of 20 ± 0.5 kHz and an amplitude of 15 ± 1 μm; Set the pressing pressure to 50 - 80 N and monitor it through a pressure sensor; After debugging, perform preheating treatment, use an infrared heating device to locally preheat the pressing area, control the temperature at 80 - 100 °C, the preheating time is 30 - 60 seconds, and perform the pressing operation after preheating; The pressing operation includes two stages: rough pressing and fine pressing.

8. The manufacturing process of the tin product according to claim 7, characterized in that: During the rough pressing process, the pressing head approaches the workpiece at a speed of 0.5 mm / s, applies an initial pressure of 30 N, and at the same time turns on the ultrasonic vibration for a duration of 5 - 8 seconds; During the fine pressing process, the pressure increases to 60 - 80 N, the ultrasonic amplitude is adjusted to 10 μm, and the pressure is maintained for 10 - 15 seconds. During this period, the pressing head makes a circular swing; The swing amplitude of the pressing head is ±0.5 mm; After pressing, maintain the pressure for 5 seconds for shaping, turn off the ultrasonic wave and then slowly lift the pressing head, and quickly cool the pressing area with liquid nitrogen to obtain finished tin products with a firm structure.

9. The manufacturing process of the tin product according to claim 8, characterized in that: Use the magnetron sputtering method to perform surface coating treatment on the finished tin products to obtain the final finished products with special functions. The specific steps are as follows: Put the finished tin products into the vacuum cleaning chamber, use argon ion bombardment cleaning to remove the surface oxide layer, use ultrasonic-assisted alcohol cleaning to further clean the surface, and dry it in an 80 °C oven for 30 minutes; Prepare the vacuum system, load the workpiece into the vacuum chamber, evacuate to the base pressure of 5×10 -4 Pa, and introduce high-purity argon as the working gas, controlling the pressure at 0.3 - 0.5 Pa; Apply a negative bias voltage of -500 V to generate argon plasma, perform activation treatment on the workpiece surface and then perform coating deposition treatment; The coating deposition process includes transition layer deposition, functional layer deposition, and surface modification layer; After deposition, it is slowly cooled to below 80 °C in a vacuum environment and subjected to vacuum annealing treatment to obtain the final product with special functions.

10. The manufacturing process of the tin product according to claim 9, characterized in that: The transition layer deposition is carried out by DC sputtering for 3 minutes to form a transition layer with a thickness of 50 nm; When depositing the functional layer, it is switched to pulsed DC sputtering with a power of 800 W, a gas pressure of 0.4 Pa, the deposition rate is controlled at 5 nm / min, and the total thickness is 1 - 2 μm; The surface modification layer is deposited by RF sputtering to deposit a dense surface layer with a thickness of 10 nm.

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