Special-shaped fixing seat vertical machining method and equipment

Abstract

The invention provides a vertical machining method and equipment for a special-shaped fixing seat, the method comprises the steps of positioning and fixing, jacking and reinforcing, gasket mounting, drilling and tapping, fastener mounting and the like, the equipment comprises an assembling mechanism, a tight supporting mechanism and a jacking mechanism, the gasket is placed in an annular groove to enhance buffering, a reinforcing plate is used for supporting a notch to reduce stress concentration, and the machining precision is improved. Meanwhile, hole alignment is guaranteed through drilling; the assembling mechanism achieves automatic operation such as gasket pressing-in and screw installation, the tight supporting mechanism fixes a workpiece in a three-dimensional mode through side face tight supporting and bottom face pressing, and the jacking mechanism jacks up a reinforcing plate to enhance the structural strength of a notch. The problems of unstable fixation, stress concentration, hole alignment difficulty and the like in the machining process are solved, and the machining precision and efficiency of the special-shaped fixing base are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of machine tool processing, and particularly relates to a vertical machining method and equipment for special-shaped fixing seats. Background Art

[0002] Vertical machining is a machining method in which the spindle axis is perpendicular to the workbench, and operations such as milling, drilling, and tapping can be performed on parts such as plates and discs. A special-shaped fixing seat refers to a mechanical fixing part with an irregular shape, often including structures such as arc surfaces, notches, and grooves. During machining, the accuracy is easily affected due to unstable fixation and stress concentration; Placing multiple rubber gaskets in the surface grooves can utilize the elasticity of the rubber to buffer and shock-absorb, disperse the pressure, and fill the microscopic gaps; adding a reinforcing plate at the notch can support the weak part, improve the structural stiffness, make the machining force uniform, and avoid notch deformation. This method can solve problems such as workpiece vibration and stress concentration during machining, and improve the machining quality and accuracy of special-shaped fixing seats.

[0003] However, in the actual use process, it is also found that it is necessary to machine gaskets, special-shaped fixing seats, and reinforcing plates, etc., and it is also necessary to ensure the alignment of their holes for the installation of fasteners. During machining, it is also necessary to support the notch of the special-shaped fixing seat to ensure uniform force during machining and prevent the notch from deforming easily. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a device for vertical machining of special-shaped fixing seats, which realizes automatic operations such as gasket installation through the linkage of various components in the assembly mechanism, solves the problem of low manual efficiency; uses three-dimensional fixation of the tightening mechanism to solve the problem of workpiece displacement; and uses the automatic jacking of the jacking mechanism to reinforce the plate to solve the problem of stress concentration at the notch, so as to improve the machining accuracy and efficiency.

[0005] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: A vertical machining method for special-shaped fixing seats, comprising the following steps: Step 1, positioning and fixing: Place the workpiece to be machined on the limit seat to limit the position of the workpiece to be machined, and tightly support the side surface of the workpiece to be machined and tightly press the bottom surface for fixation; Step 2, jacking and reinforcing: At the side notch of the workpiece to be machined, support the workpiece to be machined by jacking up the reinforcing plate to ensure uniform force during machining of the workpiece to be machined; Step 3, installing gaskets: Uniformly press the gaskets into the annular grooves of the workpiece to be machined, and dispersedly installing multiple small gaskets can enhance the buffering effect; Step 4, drilling and tapping: The machine tool drills the workpiece to be machined and the gaskets simultaneously, and drills and taps the holes for supporting the reinforcing plate at the notch of the workpiece to be machined to ensure the alignment of the holes; Step 5: Install fasteners, press the fasteners into the above-mentioned holes, and screw them tightly. At the notch of the workpiece to be processed, use longer fasteners to fix the reinforcement plate to the bottom of the workpiece to be processed, so as to strengthen the structural strength and stiffness of the workpiece to be processed at the notch.

[0006] The present invention also provides a special-shaped fixed seat vertical machining device for forming a special-shaped fixed seat vertical machining method, including an assembly mechanism, and the assembly mechanism includes: a switching component arranged on the machine tool, a gasket component arranged on the switching component, a fastener component arranged on the switching component, and a screwing component arranged on the switching component; When installing the gasket on the workpiece to be processed, the switching component rotates the gasket component to directly above the workpiece to be processed, presses the gasket in the gasket component into the annular groove on the top surface of the workpiece to be processed. After the machine tool drills and taps the gasket, the workpiece to be processed and the reinforcement plate, then switch to the fastener component, press the screw into the hole, and finally switch to the screwing component to tighten the screw.

[0007] Preferably, the switching component includes: An installation table, and the installation table is arranged on the machine tool; A first motor, and the first motor is installed inside the installation table; A rotating table, and the rotating table is in transmission connection with the output shaft of the first motor, and a sliding groove is provided on the rotating table; A first cylinder, and the first cylinder is installed on the top of the rotating table; A sliding plate, and the sliding plate is slidably arranged in the groove on the rotating table and is connected to the ejector rod of the first cylinder.

[0008] Preferably, the gasket component includes: A gasket cylinder, and the gasket cylinder is connected to the sliding plate and is provided with a plurality of through grooves evenly along the ring for storing gaskets. A first bottom plate is also arranged on the gasket cylinder; A first sliding rod, and the first sliding rod is arranged on the first bottom plate; A first sliding plate, and the first sliding plate is slidably arranged on the first sliding rod; A second cylinder, and the second cylinder is installed on the first sliding plate; A pressing block, and the pressing block is arranged on the first sliding plate and corresponds to the through grooves on the gasket cylinder one by one; A rubber stopper, and the rubber stopper is arranged on both sides of the through groove on the gasket cylinder to prevent the gasket from falling.

[0009] Preferably, the fastener component includes: Fastener cylinder, which is connected to the sliding plate and is evenly provided with multiple through holes along the ring to store fasteners. A second bottom plate is also arranged on the fastener cylinder; Second sliding rod, which is arranged on the second bottom plate; Second sliding plate, which is slidably arranged on the second sliding rod; Third cylinder, which is installed on the second sliding plate; Pressing rod, which is arranged on the second sliding plate and corresponds to the through holes on the fastener cylinder one by one; Conical rubber block, which is arranged on both sides of the through holes on the fastener cylinder to prevent fasteners from falling.

[0010] Preferably, the screwing assembly includes: Support plate, which is installed on the sliding plate; Second motor, which is installed on the support plate; Rotating plate, which is in transmission connection with the output shaft of the second motor; Electric screwdriver, which is arranged on the rotating plate to screw the fasteners tightly.

[0011] Preferably, it further includes a tightening mechanism, and the tightening mechanism includes: Tightening assembly, which is arranged on the machine tool to tighten the workpiece to be processed; Pressing-down assembly, which is arranged on the tightening assembly to press the workpiece to be processed tightly.

[0012] Preferably, the tightening assembly includes: Installation base, which is arranged on the machine tool and is provided with multiple through slots; Fourth cylinder, which is installed on the installation base; Moving seat, which is connected to the ejector rod of the fourth cylinder; First connecting plate, which is rotatably connected to the moving seat; Sliding push plate, which is slidably arranged in the through slots on the installation base and is rotatably connected to the first connecting plate; First limiting sliding rod, which is slidably arranged in the chute inside the sliding push plate; Tightening plate, which is connected to one end of the first limiting sliding rod, and the inner wall surface radian of one side of the tightening plate is the same as that of the inner wall surface of the workpiece to be processed; Spring, which is sleeved on the first limiting sliding rod.

[0013] Preferably, the pressing-down assembly includes: A second limiting slide bar which is arranged on the tightening plate; A pressing plate, and the second limiting slide bar is also slidably arranged in a chute inside the pressing plate; A second connecting plate which is rotatably connected to the sliding push plate and the pressing plate respectively.

[0014] Preferably, it further includes a jacking mechanism, and the jacking mechanism includes: A storage cavity which is arranged on the limiting seat; A reinforcing plate which is arranged inside the storage cavity; A lifting plate which is arranged at the bottom of the storage cavity and is used to jack up the reinforcing plate to move upward; A fifth cylinder, and a push rod of the fifth cylinder is connected to the lifting plate.

[0015] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: (1) By placing a gasket in the annular groove of the workpiece to be processed, the present invention can enhance the buffering effect, disperse the vibration and pressure during processing, and improve the fitting degree between the workpiece to be processed and the contact surface of the machine tool; when supporting the notch of the workpiece to be processed during processing, it can ensure that the workpiece to be processed is evenly stressed, reduce stress concentration, and strengthen the structural strength and stiffness of the notch; by drilling holes in the workpiece to be processed, the gasket and the reinforcing plate at the same time, it can ensure that the holes are accurately aligned, which is convenient for the installation of subsequent fasteners and improves the connection accuracy and stability.

[0016] (2) By arranging an assembly mechanism, the present invention uses a switching component to rotate the gasket component, the fastener component, and the screwing component above the workpiece to be processed, and sequentially completes the automated operations of gasket pressing, screw installation, and screwing, realizing the efficient connection of multiple processes, reducing manual intervention, and improving the processing efficiency and installation accuracy.

[0017] (3) By arranging a tightening mechanism, the present invention drives the movable seat through a fourth cylinder, drives the sliding push plate to slide through the first connecting plate, makes the tightening plate fit against the side surface of the workpiece to be processed and tighten it, and at the same time, the pressing-down assembly drives the pressing plate to press the bottom surface through the second connecting plate, realizing the three-dimensional fixation of the workpiece to be processed, preventing displacement during processing, and ensuring processing stability.

[0018] (4) By arranging a jacking mechanism, the present invention uses a fifth cylinder to drive the lifting plate to jack up the reinforcing plate in the storage cavity, so that it supports the notch of the workpiece to be processed, cooperates with the fastener to fix it, enhances the structural strength of the notch, ensures uniform stress during processing, and avoids notch deformation affecting the accuracy.

[0019] In summary, the present invention has the advantages of high processing accuracy, high automation degree, and stable workpiece fixation. Description of the Drawings

[0020] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the gasket assembly structure of the present invention; Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the fastener assembly structure of the present invention; Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the screwing assembly structure of the present invention; Figure 5 is Figure 4 Enlarged structure diagram at position A in Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the tightening mechanism structure of the present invention; Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the movable seat structure of the present invention; Figure 8 Exploded structure diagram of the pressing-down assembly of the present invention; Figure 9 Schematic diagram of the top-supporting mechanism structure of the present invention; Figure 10 Schematic diagram of the lifting plate structure of the present invention; Figure 11 Schematic diagram of the limit seat structure of the present invention; Figure 12 Placement diagram of the gasket on the workpiece to be processed of the present invention; Figure 13 Flowchart of the method of the present invention.

[0021] In the figure: 100, machine tool; 200, limit seat; 300, workpiece to be processed; 400, gasket; 1, assembly mechanism; 11, switching component; 111, installation table; 112, first motor; 113, rotating table; 114, first cylinder; 115, sliding plate; 12, gasket assembly; 121, gasket cylinder; 1211, first bottom plate; 122, first sliding rod; 123, first sliding plate; 124, second cylinder; 125, pressing block; 126, rubber stopper; 13, fastener assembly; 131, fastener cylinder; 1311, second bottom plate; 132, second sliding rod; 133, second sliding plate; 134, third cylinder; 135, pressing rod; 136, conical rubber block; 14, screwing assembly; 141, support plate; 142, second motor; 143, rotating plate; 144, electric screwdriver; 2, tightening mechanism; 21, tightening component; 211, installation base; 212, fourth cylinder; 213, movable seat; 214, first connecting plate; 215, sliding push plate; 216, first limit sliding rod; 217, tightening plate; 218, spring; 22, pressing-down component; 221, second limit sliding rod; 222, pressing plate; 223, second connecting plate; 3. Top support mechanism; 301. Storage cavity; 302. Reinforcement plate; 303. Lifting plate; 304. Fifth cylinder. Specific implementation mode

[0022] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0023] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "transverse", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", etc. indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings. It is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation of the present invention. In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Thus, the features defined with "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of such features. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more, unless otherwise specifically defined.

[0024] Embodiment 1 As Figure 13 shown, this embodiment provides a vertical machining method for a special-shaped fixing seat, including the following steps: Step 1. Positioning and fixing: Place the workpiece to be machined on the limit seat to limit the position of the workpiece to be machined, and tightly support the side surface of the workpiece to be machined and firmly press the bottom surface for fixing; Step 2. Top support and reinforcement: At the side notch of the workpiece to be machined, support the workpiece to be machined by lifting the reinforcement plate to ensure uniform force on the workpiece to be machined during machining; Step 3. Install gaskets: Uniformly press the gaskets into the annular groove of the workpiece to be machined. Installing multiple small gaskets can enhance the buffering effect; Step 4. Drilling and tapping: The machine tool drills the workpiece to be machined and the gaskets at the same time, and drills and taps the holes for supporting the reinforcement plate at the notch of the workpiece to be machined to ensure that the holes are aligned; Step 5: Install fasteners. Press the fasteners into the above-mentioned holes, and then screw them tightly. At the notch of the workpiece to be machined, use longer fasteners to fix the reinforcement plate to the bottom of the workpiece to be machined, so as to strengthen the structural strength and stiffness of the workpiece to be machined at the notch.

[0025] Embodiment 2 As Figures 1 to 5 shown, the same or corresponding components as those in Embodiment 1 adopt the corresponding reference numerals in Embodiment 1. For the sake of simplicity, only the differences from Embodiment 1 will be described below. The differences between this Embodiment 2 and Embodiment 1 are as follows: A processing device for a forming method of a special-shaped fixing seat vertical machining, including an assembly mechanism 1. The assembly mechanism 1 includes: a switching component 11 arranged on a machine tool 100, a gasket component 12 arranged on the switching component 11, a fastener component 13 arranged on the switching component 11, and a screwing component 14 arranged on the switching component 11; When installing a gasket 400 on a workpiece 300 to be machined, the switching component 11 rotates the gasket component 12 to directly above the workpiece 300 to be machined, and presses the gasket 400 in the gasket component 12 into the annular groove on the top surface of the workpiece 300 to be machined. After the machine tool 100 drills and taps the gasket 400, the workpiece 300 to be machined and the reinforcement plate 302, then switch to the fastener component 13, press a screw into the hole, and finally switch to the screwing component 14 to tighten the screw.

[0026] In this embodiment, by setting the assembly mechanism 1, the automatic operations of installing the gasket 400, pressing and screwing the fasteners are realized, thereby achieving the effects of improving the processing efficiency and ensuring the installation accuracy. The switching component 11 can drive the gasket component 12, the fastener component 13 and the screwing component 14 to rotate and switch, so that each component is aligned with the workpiece 300 to be machined in turn, realizing continuous automatic processing of multiple processes, reducing manual intervention and process switching time.

[0027] It should be noted that: two annular grooves are provided at the top of the workpiece 300 to be machined. The workpiece 300 to be machined is placed on the limit seat 200, which limits and determines the specific position of the workpiece 300 to be machined. Installation holes are also provided on the workpiece 300 to be machined.

[0028] Further, as Figure 4 shown, the switching component 11 includes: An installation table 111, and the installation table 111 is arranged on the machine tool 100; A first motor 112, and the first motor 112 is installed inside the installation table 111; A rotating table 113, and the rotating table 113 is in transmission connection with the output shaft of the first motor 112, and a sliding groove is provided on the rotating table 113; The first cylinder 114 is mounted on the top of the rotary table 113; The sliding plate 115 is slidably disposed in a groove on the rotary table 113 and is connected to the ejector rod of the first cylinder 114.

[0029] In this embodiment, by providing the switching assembly 11, the functions of rotation switching and height adjustment of the various functional components in the assembly mechanism 1 are realized, thereby achieving the effects of automatically switching the processing procedures and improving the connection efficiency of multiple procedures; the switching assembly 11 drives the rotary table 113 to rotate through the first motor 112 to realize the position switching of different functional components. At the same time, the first cylinder 114 drives the sliding plate 115 to slide up and down to adjust the distance between the assembly and the workpiece 300 to be processed, ensuring the accurate execution of the processing action.

[0030] Specifically, the mounting table 111 is fixed on the machine tool 100 to provide a support basis for the entire switching assembly 11; the first motor 112 is mounted inside the mounting table 111, and its output shaft is in transmission connection with the rotary table 113. When the first motor 112 is powered on and operates, it drives the rotary table 113 to rotate around the axis of the output shaft, thereby rotating the gasket assembly 12, the fastener assembly 13, or the screwing assembly 14 mounted on the sliding plate 115 to directly above the workpiece 300 to be processed; the sliding groove formed on the rotary table 113 is in sliding fit with the sliding plate 115, allowing the sliding plate 115 to slide in the vertical direction, and the ejector rod of the first cylinder 114 mounted on the top is connected to the sliding plate 115. When the piston rod of the first cylinder 114 extends and retracts, it pushes the sliding plate 115 to slide up and down in the groove of the rotary table 113 to realize the height adjustment of the assembly, so as to accurately control the pressing depth of the gasket 400 or the screwing depth of the fastener; This design enables the switching assembly 11 to accurately complete the switching and positioning of the functional components under the command of the automatic control system, avoiding errors caused by manual intervention and significantly improving the processing efficiency.

[0031] Furthermore, as Figure 2 shown, the gasket assembly 12 includes: A gasket cylinder 121, which is connected to the sliding plate 115 and is provided with a plurality of through grooves uniformly along the ring for storing the gaskets 400. The gasket cylinder 121 is further provided with a first bottom plate 1211; A first sliding rod 122, which is disposed on the first bottom plate 1211; A first sliding plate 123, which is slidably disposed on the first sliding rod 122; A second cylinder 124, which is mounted on the first sliding plate 123; The briquetting block 125 is arranged on the first sliding plate 123 and corresponds to the through grooves on the spacer tube 121 one by one; The rubber stoppers 126 are arranged on both sides of the through grooves on the spacer tube 121 to prevent the spacers 400 from falling off.

[0032] In this embodiment, by arranging the spacer assembly 12, the function of automatically and evenly pressing the spacers 400 into the annular grooves of the workpiece 300 to be processed is realized, thereby achieving the purpose of enhancing the buffering effect and improving the processing accuracy. The spacer assembly 12 is connected to the sliding plate 115 of the switching assembly 11, and is accurately positioned above the workpiece 300 to be processed under the drive of the switching assembly 11, and the automatic installation of the spacers 400 is realized in cooperation with the drive of the second cylinder 124, avoiding the problem of uneven distribution of the spacers caused by manual operation.

[0033] Specifically, the spacer tube 121 is fixedly connected to the sliding plate 115, and its annular through grooves are used to store the spacers 400. The rubber stoppers 126 on both sides use the elastic deformation of the rubber to block the spacers 400 from falling off, ensuring that the spacers 400 remain in place during transportation and waiting for pressing; the first sliding rods 122 on the first bottom plate 1211 provide vertical guidance for the first sliding plate 123, and the cylinder piston rod pushes the first sliding plate 123 to slide downward along the first sliding rods 122, driving the briquetting block 125 to move downward synchronously. Since the briquetting block 125 corresponds to the through grooves of the spacer tube 121 one by one, when pressing down, the briquetting block 125 just extends into the through grooves, pushing the spacers 400 out from the bottom of the through grooves and pressing them into the annular grooves of the workpiece 300 to be processed.

[0034] Furthermore, as Figure 3 shown, the fastener assembly 13 includes: The fastener tube 131 is connected to the sliding plate 115 and is provided with multiple through holes evenly along the circumference for storing fasteners. A second bottom plate 1311 is also arranged on the fastener tube 131; The second sliding rods 132 are arranged on the second bottom plate 1311; The second sliding plate 133 is slidably arranged on the second sliding rods 132; The third cylinder 134 is installed on the second sliding plate 133; The pressing rods 135 are arranged on the second sliding plate 133 and correspond to the through holes on the fastener tube 131 one by one; The tapered rubber blocks 136 are arranged on both sides of the through holes on the fastener tube 131 to prevent the fasteners from falling off.

[0035] In this embodiment, by providing the fastener assembly 13, the function of automatically pressing the fastener into the hole of the workpiece 300 to be processed is realized, thereby achieving the purpose of improving the fastener installation efficiency and ensuring the hole alignment accuracy. The fastener assembly 13 is connected to the sliding plate 115 of the switching assembly 11, and is accurately positioned above the workpiece 300 to be processed under the drive of the switching assembly 11. The fastener is automatically pressed in with the drive of the third cylinder 134, avoiding the position deviation problem caused by manual clamping.

[0036] In detail, the fastener barrel 131 is fixedly connected to the sliding plate 115, and its annular through hole is used to store fasteners. The conical rubber blocks 136 on both sides use the clamping force of the conical structure to prevent the fasteners from falling, ensuring that the fasteners remain in place during transportation and waiting for pressing; the second slide bar 132 on the second bottom plate 1311 provides vertical guidance for the second slide plate 133, and the cylinder piston rod pushes the second slide plate 133 to slide downward along the second slide bar 132, driving the pressure rod 135 to move downward synchronously. Since the pressure rod 135 corresponds one-to-one with the through hole of the fastener barrel 131, the pressure rod 135 just extends into the through hole when pressed down, pushing the fastener out from the bottom of the through hole and pressing it into the prefabricated hole of the workpiece 300 to be processed.

[0037] Further, if Figure 4 As shown, the screwing assembly 14 includes: A support plate 141, wherein the support plate 141 is mounted on the sliding plate 115; A second motor 142, wherein the second motor 142 is mounted on the support plate 141; A rotating plate 143, wherein the rotating plate 143 is drivingly connected to an output shaft of the second motor 142; An electric screwdriver 144 is disposed on the rotating plate 143 and is used to tighten fasteners.

[0038] In this embodiment, by providing a screwing component 14, an automated screwing and tightening function for fasteners is realized, thereby achieving the effect of improving installation efficiency and ensuring tightening accuracy. The screwing component 14 is connected to the sliding plate 115 of the switching component 11 through the support plate 141. Driven by the switching component 11, it is precisely positioned above the workpiece 300 to be processed, and cooperates with the second motor 142 to drive the rotating plate 143 to adjust the angle of the electric screwdriver 144, so as to realize multi-angle precise screwing of the fasteners and avoid the problem of uneven tightening torque caused by manual operation.

[0039] Specifically, the support plate 141 is fixedly installed on the sliding plate 115 to provide a support foundation for the entire screwing assembly 14; the second motor 142 is installed on the top of the support plate 141, and its output shaft is in transmission connection with the rotating plate 143. When it is necessary to tighten the fastener, the second motor 142 is powered on and operates to drive the rotating plate 143 to rotate around the axis of the output shaft, so as to adjust the electric screwdriver 144 to an angle perpendicular to the head of the fastener; the electric screwdriver 144 is fixed on the rotating plate 143, and its tool head matches the notch of the head of the fastener. After the electric screwdriver 144 is aligned with the fastener, the screwdriver motor is started to tighten the fastener with a set torque.

[0040] Further, as Figures 6 to 8 shown, it further includes a tightening mechanism 2, and the tightening mechanism 2 includes: A tightening assembly 21, which is arranged on the machine tool 100 and is used to tighten the workpiece 300 to be processed; A pressing-down assembly 22, which is arranged on the tightening assembly 21 and is used to press down the workpiece 300 to be processed.

[0041] In this embodiment, through the coordinated action of the tightening assembly 21 and the pressing-down assembly 22 in the tightening mechanism 2, the three-dimensional fixing function of tightening the side surface and pressing the bottom surface of the workpiece 300 to be processed is realized, and further the effect of preventing the workpiece from displacing during processing and ensuring the processing stability is achieved; The tightening mechanism 2 drives the tightening assembly 21 to act through the fourth cylinder 212, and at the same time, through the linkage of the first connecting plate 214 and the second connecting plate 223, drives the pressing-down assembly 22 to synchronously press the bottom surface of the workpiece 300 to be processed, forming a three-dimensional fixing structure of "side tightening + bottom pressing".

[0042] Further, as Figures 6 to 7 shown, the tightening assembly 21 includes: An installation base 211, which is arranged on the machine tool 100 and is provided with a plurality of through grooves; A fourth cylinder 212, which is installed on the installation base 211; A movable seat 213, which is connected to the ejector rod of the fourth cylinder 212; A first connecting plate 214, which is rotatably connected to the movable seat 213; A sliding push plate 215, which is slidably arranged in the through grooves on the installation base 211 and is rotatably connected to the first connecting plate 214; A first limiting slide bar 216, which is slidably arranged in the chute inside the sliding push plate 215; The tightening plate 217 is connected to one end of the first limiting slide bar 216, and the radian of one side surface of the tightening plate 217 is the same as that of the inner wall surface of the workpiece to be processed 300; The spring 218 is sleeved on the first limiting slide bar 216.

[0043] In this embodiment, by setting the tightening assembly 21, the function of tightening the side surface of the workpiece to be processed 300 is realized, and further the effects of preventing the workpiece from displacing during processing and ensuring the processing stability are achieved; The tightening assembly 21 drives the movable seat 213 through the fourth cylinder 212, drives the sliding push plate 215 to slide through the first connecting plate 214, makes the tightening plate 217 fit against the side surface of the workpiece to be processed 300 to tighten, and at the same time, with the buffering effect of the spring 218, it avoids the workpiece from deforming due to excessive tightening force.

[0044] Specifically, the mounting base 211 is fixed on the machine tool 100, and the multiple through grooves opened inside it provide a sliding track for the sliding push plate 215; the fourth cylinder 212 is mounted on the mounting base 211. When the cylinder extends, the ejector rod pushes the movable seat 213 to move downward; the movable seat 213 is rotatably connected to the sliding push plate 215 through the first connecting plate 214, thereby driving the sliding push plate 215 to slide in the through groove of the mounting base 211; the sliding groove inside the sliding push plate 215 is slidably matched with the first limiting slide bar 216, and further pushes the tightening plate 217 to move towards the side surface of the workpiece to be processed 300; Since the radian of one side surface of the tightening plate 217 is the same as that of the inner wall surface of the workpiece to be processed 300, it can be tightly attached to the side surface to achieve tightening; at the same time, the spring 218 sleeved on the first limiting slide bar 216 provides a buffering force. When the tightening plate 217 contacts the workpiece, the spring 218 compresses to absorb the impact force, avoiding the workpiece from deforming due to a sudden increase in the tightening force.

[0045] Further, as Figures 7 to 8 shown, the pressing-down assembly 22 includes: The second limiting slide bar 221 is arranged on the tightening plate 217; The pressing plate 222, and the second limiting slide bar 221 is also slidably arranged in the sliding groove inside the pressing plate 222; The second connecting plate 223 is respectively rotatably connected to the sliding push plate 215 and the pressing plate 222.

[0046] In this embodiment, by setting the pressing-down assembly 22, the function of automatically pressing the bottom surface of the workpiece to be processed 300 is realized, and further a three-dimensional fixing structure is formed with the side tightening of the tightening assembly 21, achieving the effects of preventing the workpiece from displacing during processing and ensuring the processing accuracy; The pressing-down component 22 is linked with the sliding push plate 215 through the second connecting plate 223. When the sliding push plate 215 is driven by the fourth cylinder 212 to slide forward, it synchronously drives the pressing plate 222 to move downward along the second limiting slide bar 221 to achieve bottom pressing.

[0047] Specifically, the second limiting slide bar 221 is vertically fixed at the bottom of the tightening plate 217, and its axis is perpendicular to the bottom surface of the workpiece 300 to be processed; the pressing plate 222 is sleeved on the second limiting slide bar 221 through an internal chute. One end of the second connecting plate 223 is rotatably connected to the sliding push plate 215 through a pin shaft, and the other end is rotatably connected to the pressing plate 222 through a pin shaft; when the sliding push plate 215 slides forward under the drive of the fourth cylinder 212, the inclination angle of the second connecting plate 223 changes, pushing the pressing plate 222 to move downward along the second limiting slide bar 221 until the bottom surface of the pressing plate 222 contacts and presses the top surface of the workpiece 300 to be processed. The magnitude of the pressing force is indirectly controlled by the air pressure of the fourth cylinder 212, and together with the side tightening force of the tightening plate 217, a uniform three-dimensional fixing effect is formed.

[0048] Furthermore, as Figures 9 to 10 shown, it further includes a top support mechanism 3, and the top support mechanism 3 includes: A storage cavity 301, and the storage cavity 301 is arranged on the limiting seat 200; A reinforcing plate 302, and the reinforcing plate 302 is arranged inside the storage cavity 301; A lifting plate 303, and the lifting plate 303 is arranged at the bottommost part of the storage cavity 301 for jacking up the reinforcing plate 302 to move upward; A fifth cylinder 304, and the ejector rod of the fifth cylinder 304 is connected to the lifting plate 303.

[0049] In this embodiment, by setting the top support mechanism 3, the function of automatically top-supporting the reinforcing plate 302 at the notch of the workpiece 300 to be processed is realized, and further, the effect of enhancing the structural strength at the notch and ensuring uniform stress during processing is achieved; The top support mechanism 3 drives the lifting plate 303 to move upward through the fifth cylinder 304, jacks out the reinforcing plate 302 in the storage cavity 301 and supports it at the notch of the workpiece 300 to be processed. After being fixed with fasteners, the stress concentration coefficient at the notch is reduced, and the fatigue life can be improved compared with the traditional unsupported structure.

[0050] Specifically, the storage cavity 301 is arranged on the limit seat 200, and its internal space matches the size of the reinforcement plate 302 to ensure that the reinforcement plate 302 does not shake during storage; the reinforcement plate 302 is pre-stored in the storage cavity 301, and its shape fits the contour of the notch of the workpiece 300 to be processed; the lifting plate 303 is located at the bottom of the storage cavity 301 and is fixedly connected to the ejector rod of the fifth cylinder 304. When top support and reinforcement are required, the ejector rod of the fifth cylinder 304 extends, and the ejector rod pushes the lifting plate 303 to vertically move upward along the inner wall of the storage cavity 301, so as to lift the reinforcement plate 302 and extend it out of the storage cavity 301 until the upper surface of the reinforcement plate 302 is closely attached to the inner wall of the notch of the workpiece 300 to be processed; The stroke accuracy of the fifth cylinder 304 is controlled within ±0.05 mm to ensure the accurate lifting height of the reinforcement plate 302 and avoid support failure or workpiece deformation caused by insufficient or excessive top support force; after the top support is completed, a long fastener passes through the prefabricated holes of the workpiece 300 to be processed and the reinforcement plate 302 and is tightened to fix the reinforcement plate 302 at the bottom of the workpiece 300 to be processed, so as to improve the local stiffness at the notch and effectively disperse the cutting force during processing.

[0051] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A special-shaped fixed seat vertical machining equipment, characterized in that It includes an assembly mechanism, and the assembly mechanism includes: a switching component arranged on the machine tool, a gasket component arranged on the switching component, a fastener component arranged on the switching component, and a screwing component arranged on the switching component; When installing a gasket on the workpiece to be processed, the switching component rotates the gasket component to directly above the workpiece to be processed, presses the gasket in the gasket component into the annular groove on the top surface of the workpiece to be processed. After the machine tool drills and taps the gasket, the workpiece to be processed, and the reinforcement plate, then it switches to the fastener component, presses a screw into the hole, and finally switches to the screwing component to tighten the screw.

2. The special-shaped fixed seat vertical machining equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The switching component includes: An installation table, and the installation table is arranged on the machine tool; A first motor, and the first motor is installed inside the installation table; A rotating table, and the rotating table is in transmission connection with the output shaft of the first motor, and a sliding groove is formed on the rotating table; A first cylinder, and the first cylinder is installed on the top of the rotating table; A sliding plate, and the sliding plate is slidably arranged in the groove on the rotating table and is connected to the top rod of the first cylinder.

3. The special-shaped fixing base vertical machining equipment according to claim 2, wherein, The gasket component includes: A gasket cylinder, and the gasket cylinder is connected to the sliding plate and is evenly provided with a plurality of through grooves along the ring to store gaskets. A first bottom plate is also arranged on the gasket cylinder; A first sliding rod, and the first sliding rod is arranged on the first bottom plate; A first sliding plate, and the first sliding plate is slidably arranged on the first sliding rod; A second cylinder, and the second cylinder is installed on the first sliding plate; A pressing block, and the pressing block is arranged on the first sliding plate and corresponds to the through grooves on the gasket cylinder one by one; A rubber stopper, and the rubber stopper is arranged on both sides of the through groove on the gasket cylinder to prevent the gasket from falling.

4. The special-shaped fixing base vertical machining equipment according to claim 2, characterized in that, The fastener component includes: A fastener cylinder, and the fastener cylinder is connected to the sliding plate and is evenly provided with a plurality of through holes along the ring to store fasteners. A second bottom plate is also arranged on the fastener cylinder; A second sliding rod, and the second sliding rod is arranged on the second bottom plate; A second sliding plate, and the second sliding plate is slidably arranged on the second sliding rod; A third cylinder, and the third cylinder is installed on the second sliding plate; A pressing rod, and the pressing rod is arranged on the second sliding plate and corresponds to the through holes on the fastener cylinder one by one; A tapered rubber block, and the tapered rubber block is arranged on both sides of the through hole on the fastener cylinder to prevent the fastener from falling.

5. The special-shaped fixed seat vertical machining equipment according to claim 2, characterized in that, The screwing component includes: A support plate, and the support plate is installed on the sliding plate; A second motor, and the second motor is installed on the support plate; A rotating plate, and the rotating plate is in transmission connection with the output shaft of the second motor; An electric screwdriver, and the electric screwdriver is arranged on the rotating plate to tighten the fastener.

6. The special-shaped fixing base vertical machining equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, It further includes a tightening mechanism, and the tightening mechanism includes: A tightening component, and the tightening component is arranged on the machine tool to tighten the workpiece to be processed; A pressing-down component, and the pressing-down component is arranged on the tightening component to press the workpiece to be processed.

7. An irregular fixed seat vertical machining device according to claim 6, characterized in that, The tightening component includes: An installation base, and the installation base is arranged on the machine tool and is provided with a plurality of through grooves; A fourth cylinder, and the fourth cylinder is installed on the installation base; The movable seat is connected to the ejector rod of the fourth cylinder; The first connecting plate is rotatably connected to the movable seat; The sliding push plate is slidably arranged in the through groove on the mounting base and is rotatably connected to the first connecting plate; The first limiting slide bar is slidably arranged in the chute inside the sliding push plate; The tightening plate is connected to one end of the first limiting slide bar, and the inner wall surface radian of one side of the tightening plate is the same as that of the workpiece to be processed; The spring is sleeved on the first limiting slide bar.

8. An irregular fixed seat vertical machining device according to claim 7, characterized in that, The pressing-down assembly includes: The second limiting slide bar is arranged on the tightening plate; The pressing plate, and the second limiting slide bar is also slidably arranged in the chute inside the pressing plate; The second connecting plate is respectively rotatably connected to the sliding push plate and the pressing plate.

9. The special-shaped fixing base vertical machining equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that It further includes a top support mechanism, and the top support mechanism includes: The storage cavity is arranged on the limiting seat; The reinforcing plate is arranged inside the storage cavity; The lifting plate is arranged at the bottom of the storage cavity to jack up the reinforcing plate to move upward; The fifth cylinder, and the ejector rod of the fifth cylinder is connected to the lifting plate.

10. A vertical machining method for a special-shaped fixing base, based on the vertical machining equipment for a special-shaped fixing base according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: Step 1, positioning and fixing: Place the workpiece to be processed on the limiting seat to limit the position of the workpiece to be processed, and tighten the side surface of the workpiece to be processed and press and fix the bottom surface; Step 2, top support and reinforcement: At the side notch of the workpiece to be processed, support the workpiece to be processed by jacking up the reinforcing plate to ensure that the workpiece to be processed is uniformly stressed during processing; Step 3, installing gaskets: Uniformly press the gaskets into the annular groove of the workpiece to be processed. Installing multiple small gaskets can enhance the buffering effect; Step 4, drilling and tapping: The machine tool drills the workpiece to be processed and the gaskets at the same time, and drills and taps the holes for supporting the reinforcing plate at the notch of the workpiece to be processed to ensure that the holes are aligned; Step 5, installing fasteners: Press the fasteners into the above holes and screw them tightly. And at the notch of the workpiece to be processed, use longer fasteners to fix the reinforcing plate at the bottom of the workpiece to be processed to strengthen the structural strength and stiffness of the workpiece to be processed at the notch.

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