High-speed five-axis machining equipment

Abstract

According to the high-speed five-axis machining equipment, various tools are provided for the main shaft through the tool changing mechanism, the first moving assembly, the second moving assembly and the third moving assembly drive the main shaft to move in the X-axis direction, the Y-axis direction and the Z-axis direction correspondingly, and the first workbench swings along the B-axis and the second workbench rotates along the C-axis; therefore, multi-face combined machining of the workpiece is achieved, and production efficiency is improved. Due to the fact that the tool changing mechanism provides various tools for the main shaft, the tools of the main shaft can be rapidly replaced between different machining procedures, the non-machining time of equipment is remarkably shortened, and the automation degree of the equipment is improved. In addition, the weight of the workpiece acts on the machine body, the movement of the workpiece and the movement of the linear shaft are mutually independent, and the heavy workpiece is prevented from interfering with the movement performance of the first moving assembly, the second moving assembly and the third moving assembly. Therefore, the technical problem that in the prior art, adverse effects are caused to the linear shaft in the machining process of heavy workpieces is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of combined workpiece machining, and particularly to a high-speed five-axis machining device. Background Art

[0002] A five-axis machining device is a device integrating high-precision and multi-functional numerical control machining technology, and is widely used in industries such as aerospace, automotive, mold manufacturing, and precision machinery. Its main feature is the ability to perform coordinated movements in five independent axial directions to achieve the machining of complex geometric shapes, with the advantages of high efficiency, high precision, and high surface quality.

[0003] In the prior art, in a five-axis machining center, linear axes (X, Y, and Z axes) are responsible for the movement of workpieces and tools. Workpieces in industries such as aerospace, automotive, mold manufacturing, and precision machinery are relatively complex with irregular shapes and require multiple machining processes. When machining heavy workpieces such as engine blocks and aero-engine casings, the load on the linear axes will increase, causing bearings and sliding components to bear greater forces and resulting in increased friction, thereby affecting the movement accuracy and flexibility of the linear axes. In addition, due to their large inertia, heavy workpieces will generate more vibrations during the machining process. If the above vibrations are not dissipated in time, resonance phenomena will be caused on the structure and moving components of the machine, resulting in amplified vibrations of the moving axes. Such vibrations will not only reduce the machining accuracy, but may also increase the tool wear and even cause damage to the machined components. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a high-speed five-axis machining device, which solves the technical problem of the adverse effects of heavy workpieces on linear axes during the machining process in the prior art.

[0005] To achieve this purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: A high-speed five-axis machining device includes a machine body, on which a first moving component, a second moving component, and a third moving component are sequentially installed, and a tool changing mechanism adjacent to the first moving component is installed at one end of the machine body; a spindle arranged along the Z-axis direction is installed on the third moving component, and a first workbench and a second workbench are also installed on the machine body; The tool changing mechanism is used to provide various tools for the spindle, the first workbench is used to drive the second workbench to swing along the B-axis direction, and the second workbench is used to drive the heavy workpiece to rotate along the C-axis direction; the first moving component, the second moving component, and the third moving component are respectively used to drive the spindle to move along the X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis directions, so that the tool on the spindle performs milling, drilling, tapping, and boring machining on the workpiece on the second workbench; Among them, the heavy workpiece includes an engine cylinder block or an aero-engine casing. The X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis are perpendicular to each other. The B-axis direction is the rotation direction around the Y-axis, and the C-axis direction is the rotation direction around the Z-axis.

[0006] Optionally, the fuselage is arranged in an L shape and includes a first body and a second body that are integrally formed. The height of the first body in the Z-axis direction is less than the height of the second body in the Z-axis direction. The first moving component and the tool changing mechanism are both installed on the second body, and the first workbench is installed on the first body.

[0007] Optionally, the first body is provided with a receiving cavity for providing a swinging space for the first workbench. The four inner side walls of the receiving cavity are all inclined surfaces, and the first body is equipped with a chip removal component for discharging the waste chips in the receiving cavity.

[0008] Optionally, the first body is provided with a first through groove that communicates with the receiving cavity, and the first through groove communicates with both ends of the first body in the X-axis direction. The chip removal component includes a chip removal motor installed in the first body. A chip removal shaft rotatably connected to the first body is provided in the first through groove, and a chip removal brush is fixedly installed on the chip removal shaft. The chip removal motor is used to drive the chip removal shaft to perform a rotational motion, and the end of the chip removal brush away from the chip removal shaft extends out of the first through groove.

[0009] Optionally, the first moving component includes two first guide rails fixedly installed on the fuselage and arranged parallel to the X-axis direction. A plurality of first sliders are slidably connected to the first guide rails, and a first slide table perpendicular to the first guide rails is fixedly connected to the first sliders. A first lead screw rotatably connected to the fuselage and located between the two first guide rails and passing through the first slide table is provided on the fuselage. The height of the first lead screw in the Z-axis direction is lower than the height of the first guide rails in the Z-axis direction. One end of the first slide table in the X-axis direction is equipped with a first moving motor for driving the first lead screw to perform a rotational motion and arranged parallel to the first lead screw.

[0010] Optionally, the second moving component includes a plurality of second sliders fixedly installed on the first slide table. Two second guide rails arranged parallel to the Y-axis direction are slidably connected to the plurality of second sliders, and a second slide table is fixedly connected to the two second guide rails. The bottom of the second sliding table is rotatably connected to a second lead screw located between the two second guide rails and passing through the first sliding table. The height of the second lead screw in the Z-axis direction is higher than the height of the first guide rail in the Z-axis direction. At one end of the first sliding table away from the main shaft, a second moving motor is installed for driving the second lead screw to rotate and arranged parallel to the second lead screw.

[0011] Optionally, the third moving component includes a plurality of third sliders. The third sliders are fixedly installed at one end of the second sliding table away from the second moving motor. A third guide rail arranged in the Z-axis direction is slidably connected to the plurality of third sliders. The two third guide rails are fixedly connected to the main shaft; A third lead screw passing through the second sliding table and arranged in the Z-axis direction is provided on the main shaft. One end of the third lead screw is rotatably connected to the middle of the main shaft, and the other end of the third lead screw is rotatably connected to the end of the main shaft away from the heavy workpiece. A third moving motor arranged parallel to the third lead screw is installed on the top of the second sliding table.

[0012] Optionally, the tool changing mechanism includes a mounting frame fixedly connected to the machine body. A tool changing frame is fixedly connected to the mounting frame. A tool supply component for accommodating a variety of tools is installed in the tool changing frame; The bottom of the tool changing frame is rotatably connected to a tool changing arm for interchanging the tools between the tool supply component and the main shaft. A tool changing motor for driving the tool changing arm to rotate is installed on the tool changing frame.

[0013] Optionally, the tool supply component includes a tool supply disc rotatably connected to the tool changing frame. A tool supply motor for driving the tool supply disc to rotate is installed on the tool changing frame. A plurality of tool magazines arranged parallel to the X-axis direction and for accommodating tools are installed on the tool supply disc; An inverted tool cylinder is installed in the tool changing frame. The inverted tool cylinder is used to rotate the tool magazine by 90 degrees to realize tool changing or tool retraction; Clamping grooves for clamping tools are mirror-symmetrically arranged at both ends of the tool changing arm.

[0014] Optionally, a first mounting surface is provided in the machine body. The first workbench includes a first rotating motor, a first rotating frame, and a first base fixedly installed on the first mounting surface; One end of the first rotating frame is rotatably connected to the first base, and the other end of the first rotating frame is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the first rotating motor. The first rotating motor is used to drive the first rotating frame to swing in the B-axis direction; The second workbench includes a second rotating motor and a rotating table rotatably connected to the first rotating frame. The second rotating motor is installed inside the first rotating frame and is used to drive the rotating table to rotate along the C-axis direction.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: A high-speed five-axis machining device provided by the present invention provides multiple tools for the spindle through a tool changing mechanism. The first moving component, the second moving component, and the third moving component respectively drive the spindle to move along the X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis directions. Combining the swinging of the first workbench along the B-axis and the rotating motion of the second workbench along the C-axis, multi-sided combined machining of heavy workpieces is realized, which not only improves the machining flexibility, but also meets the machining requirements of complex workpieces and improves the production efficiency. Since the tool changing mechanism provides multiple tools for the spindle, the spindle can quickly change tools between different machining processes, significantly reducing the non-machining time of the device and improving the automation degree of the device. In addition, the weight of the heavy workpiece acts on the fuselage, and the movement of the heavy workpiece is independent of the movement of the linear axes, avoiding interference of the heavy workpiece on the movement performance of the first moving component, the second moving component, and the third moving component. Therefore, the present invention solves the technical problem that the heavy workpiece has an adverse effect on the linear axes during the machining process in the prior art. Description of the Drawings

[0016] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings.

[0017] The structures, ratios, sizes, etc. shown in the drawings of this specification are only used to cooperate with the content disclosed in the specification for those skilled in this technology to understand and read, and are not used to limit the limiting conditions under which the present invention can be implemented. Therefore, they do not have technical essence. Any modification of the structure, change of the proportional relationship, or adjustment of the size, without affecting the effects that the present invention can produce and the purposes that can be achieved, should still fall within the scope that can be covered by the technical content disclosed in the present invention.

[0018] Figure 1 It is a three-dimensional structure schematic diagram of a high-speed five-axis machining device provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a structure schematic diagram of the fuselage in a high-speed five-axis machining device provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 It is a structure schematic diagram of a chip removal component in a high-speed five-axis machining device provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 Schematic diagram of a partial structure of a high-speed five-axis machining equipment provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 Left view of a high-speed five-axis machining equipment provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 Rear view of a high-speed five-axis machining equipment provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 7 Schematic diagram of a three-dimensional structure of a tool changing mechanism in a high-speed five-axis machining equipment provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 8 Schematic diagram of a structure of a tool changing arm in a high-speed five-axis machining equipment provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 9 Schematic diagram of a connection structure between a first workbench and a second workbench in a high-speed five-axis machining equipment provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 10 Exploded structure diagram of a first workbench and a second workbench in a high-speed five-axis machining equipment provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0019] Illustration description: 10, machine body; 11, first body; 111, accommodation cavity; 112, first through groove; 113, first mounting surface; 12, second body; 20, first moving component; 21, first guide rail; 22, first slider; 23, first sliding table; 24, first lead screw; 25, first moving motor; 30, second moving component; 31, second slider; 32, second guide rail; 33, second sliding table; 34, second lead screw; 35, second moving motor; 40, third moving component; 41, third slider; 42, third guide rail; 43, third lead screw; 44, third moving motor; 50, tool changing mechanism; 51, mounting frame; 52, tool changing machine frame; 53, tool supply component; 531, tool supply disc; 532, tool supply motor; 533, tool magazine; 54, tool changing arm; 541, clamping groove; 55, tool changing motor; 60, spindle; 70, first workbench; 71, first rotating motor; 72, first rotating frame; 73, first base; 80, second workbench; 81, second rotating motor; 82, rotating table; 90, chip removal component; 91, chip removal motor; 92, chip removal shaft; 93, chip removal brush; 100, cutting tool. Detailed implementation manners

[0020] In order to make the object, features, and advantages of the present invention more obvious and understandable, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the embodiments described below are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0021] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "upper", "lower", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as a limitation to the present invention. It should be noted that when a component is considered to be "connected" to another component, it can be directly connected to the other component or there may be an intermediate component present.

[0022] The technical solutions of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0023] The embodiment of the present invention provides a high-speed five-axis machining device, as Figures 1 to 10 shown, which includes a machine body 10, on which a first moving component 20, a second moving component 30, and a third moving component 40 are sequentially installed. A tool changing mechanism 50 adjacent to the first moving component 20 is installed at one end of the machine body 10; a spindle 60 arranged along the Z-axis direction is installed on the third moving component 40, and a first workbench 70 and a second workbench 80 are also installed on the machine body 10; The tool changing mechanism 50 is used to provide a variety of tools 100 for the spindle 60. The first workbench 70 is used to drive the second workbench 80 to swing along the B-axis direction, and the second workbench 80 is used to drive the heavy workpiece to rotate along the C-axis direction; the first moving component 20, the second moving component 30, and the third moving component 40 are respectively used to drive the spindle 60 to move along the X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis directions, so that the tool 100 on the spindle 60 performs milling, drilling, tapping, and boring operations on the heavy workpiece on the second workbench 80; Among them, the X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis directions are perpendicular to each other. The B-axis direction is the rotation direction around the Y-axis, and the C-axis direction is the rotation direction around the Z-axis. Exemplarily, the heavy workpiece includes an engine cylinder block or an aeroengine casing.

[0024] It should be noted that a high-speed five-axis machining equipment provided by the present invention provides a variety of tools 100 for the spindle 60 through a tool changing mechanism 50. The first moving component 20, the second moving component 30, and the third moving component 40 respectively drive the spindle 60 to move along the X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis directions. Combining with the swing of the first workbench 70 along the B-axis and the rotation of the second workbench 80 along the C-axis, multi-sided combined machining of heavy workpieces is realized, which not only improves the flexibility of machining, but also meets the machining requirements of complex workpieces and improves production efficiency. Since the tool changing mechanism 50 provides a variety of tools 100 for the spindle 60, the spindle 60 can quickly change tools 100 between different machining processes, significantly reducing the non-machining time of the equipment and improving the automation degree of the equipment. In addition, the weight of the heavy workpiece acts on the fuselage 10, and the movement of the heavy workpiece is independent of the movement of the linear axis, avoiding interference of the heavy workpiece on the movement performance of the first moving component 20, the second moving component 30, and the third moving component 40. Therefore, the present invention solves the technical problem that the heavy workpiece has an adverse effect on the linear axis during the machining process in the prior art.

[0025] As Figure 1 and Figure 2 shown, the fuselage 10 is arranged in an L shape. The fuselage 10 includes a first body 11 and a second body 12 that are integrally formed. The height of the first body 11 in the Z-axis direction is less than the height of the second body 12 in the Z-axis direction. The first moving component 20 and the tool changing mechanism 50 are both installed on the second body 12, and the first workbench 70 is installed on the first body 11. In this embodiment, the fuselage 10 is made of cast iron. The spindle 60 is used for the rotary motion of the tool 100. The spindle 60 is a well-known structure in the art and will not be described in detail here.

[0026] It should be noted that since the fuselage 10 is arranged in an L shape, the space utilization is optimized, enabling each component to be arranged more compactly, effectively reducing the overall floor area of the equipment, while not affecting the flexibility and stability of part machining. The relatively small height of the first body 11 in the Z-axis direction is beneficial to improving the rigidity and stability of machining. The relatively large height of the second body 12 provides sufficient space to install the moving component and the tool changing mechanism 50, which helps to improve machining efficiency. The height difference between the first body 11 and the second body 12 can also lower the center of gravity and improve the overall stability of the equipment. Since the fuselage 10 is made of cast iron, cast iron has excellent shock absorption performance and high strength, meeting the requirements of machining equipment. The stability of the fuselage 10 helps to reduce vibration and noise and improve machining accuracy.

[0027] As Figures 1 to 4As shown, the first body 11 is provided with a receiving cavity 111 for providing a swinging space for the first workbench 70. The four inner sidewalls of the receiving cavity 111 are all inclined surfaces. The first body 11 is equipped with a chip removal component 90 for discharging the waste chips in the receiving cavity 111.

[0028] It should be noted that through the setting of the receiving cavity 111, sufficient swinging space is provided for the first workbench 70, enabling it to swing smoothly along the B-axis direction. Since the four inner sidewalls of the receiving cavity 111 are inclined surfaces, the chips obtained after processing heavy workpieces are likely to accumulate at the bottom of the receiving cavity 111. Through the chip removal function of the chip removal component 90, they can be quickly discharged. Through the setting of the receiving cavity 111 and the chip removal component 90, it helps to improve the consistency and accuracy of processing, reduce errors caused by waste chips, and make the processing quality more reliable.

[0029] As Figures 1 to 4 shown, the first body 11 is provided with a first through groove 112 communicating with the receiving cavity 111. The first through groove 112 communicates with both ends of the first body 11 in the X-axis direction; The chip removal component 90 includes a chip removal motor 91 installed in the first body 11. A chip removal shaft 92 rotatably connected to the first body 11 is provided in the first through groove 112. A chip removal brush 93 is fixedly installed on the chip removal shaft 92; the chip removal motor 91 is used to drive the chip removal shaft 92 to perform a rotational motion, and the end of the chip removal brush 93 away from the chip removal shaft 92 extends out of the first through groove 112. In this embodiment, the chip removal motor 91 and the chip removal shaft 92 are driven by gears and belts, and the chip removal brush 93 is spirally arranged.

[0030] It should be noted that by driving the chip removal shaft 92 to rotate through the chip removal motor 91, the rotation of the chip removal shaft 92 causes the chip removal brush 93 fixedly installed thereon to start rotating, actively cleaning the waste chips in the receiving cavity 111 and discharging them from the first through groove 112, so as to effectively prevent the accumulation of waste chips on the workbench or other areas and keep the working environment clean.

[0031] As Figures 1 to 6 shown, the first moving component 20 includes two first guide rails 21 fixedly installed on the fuselage 10 and arranged in parallel along the X-axis direction. A plurality of first sliders 22 are slidably connected to the first guide rails 21. A first slide table 23 perpendicular to the first guide rails 21 is fixedly connected to the first sliders 22; A first lead screw 24 is rotatably connected to the fuselage 10 and is located between two first guide rails 21 and passes through the first slide table 23. The height of the first lead screw 24 in the Z-axis direction is lower than the height of the first guide rail 21 in the Z-axis direction. One end of the first slide table 23 in the X-axis direction is provided with a first moving motor 25 for driving the first lead screw 24 to perform a rotational motion and is arranged parallel to the first lead screw 24. In this embodiment, both the first guide rail 21 and the first lead screw 24 are installed on the second body 12, and the second moving assembly 30 is connected to the first slide table 23.

[0032] It should be noted that by driving the first lead screw 24 to perform a rotational motion through the first moving motor 25, the first lead screw 24 drives the first slide table 23 to move along the X-axis direction. Since the second moving assembly 30, the third moving assembly 40, and the main shaft 60 are connected in sequence, the main shaft 60 is driven to move along the X-axis direction. Through the close connection between the first guide rail 21, the first slider 22, and the first slide table 23, a simple and efficient motion system is formed. The compactness of this structure helps to improve the overall assembly efficiency and reduce potential errors in heavy workpiece processing. Since the installation height of the first lead screw 24 is lower than that of the first guide rail 21, the center of gravity of the first moving assembly 20 is relatively low. The low center of gravity not only improves the stability of the entire structure but also helps to reduce vibration or swing caused by too high a center of gravity during high-speed machining, which is crucial for the stability and cutting accuracy of the equipment during long-term operation. Since multiple first sliders 22 are dispersed on the first guide rail 21, the possibility of concentrated load is reduced, enabling each component to bear force more evenly during operation and avoiding the risk of component fatigue or deformation caused by stress concentration. Since the first moving assembly 20 adopts the setting of driving the first lead screw 24 by the first moving motor 25 and combines with the high smoothness of the first guide rail 21, rapid start and stop can be achieved, thereby improving the dynamic response speed, meeting the requirements of high-speed cutting, and improving efficiency.

[0033] As Figures 1 to 6 shown, the second moving assembly 30 includes a plurality of second sliders 31 fixedly installed on the first slide table 23. Two second guide rails 32 arranged in parallel in the Y-axis direction are slidably connected to the plurality of second sliders 31, and a second slide table 33 is fixedly connected to the two second guide rails 32; The bottom of the second slide table 33 is rotatably connected to a second lead screw 34 that is located between the two second guide rails 32 and passes through the first slide table 23. The height of the second lead screw 34 in the Z-axis direction is higher than the height of the first guide rail 21 in the Z-axis direction. One end of the first slide table 23 away from the main shaft 60 is provided with a second moving motor 35 for driving the second lead screw 34 to perform a rotational motion and is arranged parallel to the second lead screw 34. In this embodiment, the third moving assembly 40 is connected to the second slide table 33.

[0034] It should be noted that the second lead screw 34 is driven by the second moving motor 35 to rotate, so that the second lead screw 34 drives the second slide table 33 and the second guide rail 32 to move in the Y-axis direction, and further drives the main shaft 60 to move in the Y-axis direction. Since the second guide rail 32 is located at the bottom of the second slide table 33 and is connected to a plurality of second sliders 31, the load can be effectively dispersed. Through reasonable center of gravity design, it is ensured that the center of gravity of the second moving component 30 remains stable during high-speed operation, which helps to reduce vibration and ensure machining accuracy. The use of a plurality of second sliders 31 enables the load along the Y-axis to be evenly dispersed, avoiding the generation of concentrated stress. During the lateral movement in the cutting process, the reasonable stress distribution ensures the durability of the component. By connecting the third moving component 40 to the second slide table 33, the coordinated operation of the three moving components is ensured, enabling more complex movement paths to be achieved during the machining process, optimizing the coordination of multi-dimensional movements, and improving the flexibility of machining.

[0035] In addition, since the second slider 31 is fixedly installed on the first slide table 23 and the second slider 31 does not move during the movement in the Y-axis direction while the second guide rail 32 moves linearly, when the second guide rail 32 bears the force of the movement, the second guide rail 32 can more effectively disperse the bearing pressure, enhancing the bearing capacity of the overall structure, especially useful for applications in high-load industries. It helps to reduce the vibration caused by inertia during the movement. Through the setting that the second slider 31 does not move and the second guide rail 32 moves, the second slider 31 can be kept relatively stable. The non-moving state of the second slider 31 can absorb a certain amount of dynamic load, thus avoiding additional displacement caused by movement and ensuring machining accuracy. The smooth movement of the second guide rail 32 helps to maintain the control accuracy. Since the second slider 31 does not move, the same moving distance allows the second guide rail 32 to be accurately positioned within a larger range. This kind of directional movement enhances the rigidity and stability of the mechanism, greatly improving the repeat positioning accuracy during the machining process. By adopting the method of moving the second guide rail 32 while the second slider 31 does not move, the energy transfer and power distribution are more efficient, the driving force can be better concentrated, the efficiency of the overall movement is improved, energy waste is reduced, and the system operates more economically and efficiently.

[0036] As Figures 1 to 6 shown, the third moving component 40 includes a plurality of third sliders 41. The third sliders 41 are fixedly installed at one end of the second slide table 33 away from the second moving motor 35. A third guide rail 42 arranged along the Z-axis direction is slidably connected to the plurality of third sliders 41. The two third guide rails 42 are fixedly connected to the main shaft 60; A third lead screw 43 is provided on the main shaft 60. The third lead screw 43 passes through the second slide 33 and is arranged along the Z-axis direction. One end of the third lead screw 43 is rotatably connected to the middle of the main shaft 60, and the other end of the third lead screw 43 is rotatably connected to the end of the main shaft 60 away from the heavy workpiece. A third moving motor 44 parallel to the third lead screw 43 is installed on the top of the second slide 33.

[0037] It should be noted that the third moving motor 44 drives the third lead screw 43 to rotate, so that the third lead screw 43 drives the main shaft 60 and the third guide rail 42 to move up and down along the Z-axis direction. Since the third guide rail 42 is fixedly connected to the main shaft 60, the relative position between the main shaft 60 and the moving component remains unchanged, providing higher rigidity, which helps to reduce displacement under the action of machining stress and further improves the stability and accuracy of machining. One end of the third lead screw 43 is connected to the middle of the main shaft 60, which can effectively transmit power and ensure accurate positioning during the machining task, facilitating the delicate machining of complex workpieces. Due to the sliding connection between the third slider 41 and the third guide rail 42, combined with the powerful driving force of the third moving motor 44, the position of the main shaft 60 can be quickly adjusted at high speed to adapt to a variety of different machining requirements, improving the machining speed and being suitable for large-scale and high-efficiency automated production.

[0038] It also should be noted that when the third slider 41 remains stationary, it can provide higher mechanical stability, reducing the errors caused by the third slider 41 and ensuring that the main shaft 60 can maintain a fixed position during the machining process. In the state where the third slider 41 is stationary, the movement of the third guide rail 42 can more effectively bear the stress from the main shaft 60 and the machining tool 100, helping to evenly distribute the load to the third guide rail 42 and reducing the potential impact of stress concentration on the third slider 41. The movement of the third guide rail 42 can respond more quickly to the drive of the third moving motor 44. By the sliding of the third guide rail 42 and the fixed position of the third slider 41, it helps to dynamically adjust the linear movement in the Z-axis direction, which is not only efficient but also can accurately reach the target position in a short time. The load of the third moving motor 44 is mainly concentrated on the third guide rail 42 and the third lead screw 43, thus optimizing the working state of the third moving motor 44 and improving the energy efficiency.

[0039] As Figure 1 、 Figure 7 and Figure 8 shown, the tool changing mechanism 50 includes a mounting frame 51 fixedly connected to the fuselage 10. A tool changing frame 52 is fixedly connected to the mounting frame 51. A tool supply component 53 for accommodating a variety of tools 100 is installed in the tool changing frame 52; The bottom of the tool change rack 52 is rotatably connected with a tool change arm 54 for exchanging the tool 100 between the tool supply assembly 53 and the spindle 60. A tool change motor 55 for driving the tool change arm 54 to rotate is installed on the tool change rack 52. In the specific implementation process, the mounting frame 51 is made of cast iron material.

[0040] It should be noted that by driving the tool change arm 54 to rotate through the tool change motor 55, the tool 100 between the tool supply assembly 53 and the spindle 60 is exchanged, realizing the tool change operation of the spindle 60, facilitating multi-sided combined machining of heavy workpieces; reducing the downtime of the equipment when switching between different processing technologies, and improving the overall production efficiency. Through the integrated tool supply assembly 53, the applicable tool 100 can be conveniently selected according to the processing needs and quickly switched to adapt to the rapidly changing production requirements.

[0041] As Figure 1 、 Figure 7 and Figure 8 shown, the tool supply assembly 53 includes a tool supply disc 531 rotatably connected to the tool change rack 52. A tool supply motor 532 for driving the tool supply disc 531 to rotate is installed on the tool change rack 52. A plurality of tool magazines 533 parallel to the X-axis direction and for accommodating the tool 100 are installed on the tool supply disc 531; A knife-inverting cylinder (not shown) is installed inside the tool change rack 52. The knife-inverting cylinder (not shown) is used to rotate the tool magazine 533 by 90 degrees to realize tool change or tool retraction of the tool 100; clamping grooves 541 for clamping the tool 100 are mirror-symmetrically arranged at both ends of the tool change arm 54.

[0042] It should be noted that the tool supply assembly 53 drives the tool supply disc 531 to rotate through the tool supply motor 532, which can quickly switch different tools 100, reduce the downtime, make the tool change process of the tool 100 rapid and efficient, and enhance the productivity of the equipment. The multiple tool magazines 533 provided on the tool supply disc 531 can accommodate a variety of tools 100, enabling the equipment to flexibly switch different tools 100 during processing, adapting to various processing requirements, and improving the flexibility of the production line.

[0043] It also should be noted that when the tool 100 is installed in the tool magazine 533, it is arranged along the X-axis direction, which is convenient for the tool supply disc 531 to drive the tool magazine 533 and the tool 100 to rotate, preventing movement interference. The tool change operation is specifically as follows: when the corresponding tool 100 moves to the tool change position, the knife-inverting cylinder drives the tool magazine 533 to rotate 90 degrees, so that the tool 100 is arranged along the Z-axis direction. Then, through the clamping of the tool change arm 54, the tool 100 on the spindle 60 is changed, and the tool 100 originally on the spindle 60 is stored in the tool magazine 533. Finally, the knife-inverting cylinder drives the tool magazine 533 to rotate 90 degrees again, thus realizing the complete tool change operation.

[0044] As Figures 1 to 10 shown, a first mounting surface 113 is provided inside the fuselage 10. The first workbench 70 includes a first rotating motor 71, a first rotating frame 72, and a first base 73 fixedly mounted on the first mounting surface 113; One end of the first rotating frame 72 is rotatably connected to the first base 73, and the other end of the first rotating frame 72 is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the first rotating motor 71. The first rotating motor 71 is used to drive the first rotating frame 72 to swing along the B-axis direction; The second workbench 80 includes a second rotating motor 81 and a rotating table 82 rotatably connected to the first rotating frame 72. The second rotating motor 81 is installed inside the first rotating frame 72 and is used to drive the rotating table 82 to rotate along the C-axis direction.

[0045] It should be noted that the first workbench 70 drives the first rotating frame 72 to swing along the B-axis direction through the first rotating motor 71. At the same time, the second workbench 80 drives the rotating table 82 to rotate along the C-axis direction through the second rotating motor 81. Combined with the movement of the main shaft 60 along the X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis directions, the equipment can perform complex spatial processing on heavy workpieces, improving the processing flexibility and meeting the requirements of multi-faceted and multi-angle processing. Through the settings of the first workbench 70 and the second workbench 80, the heavy workpiece can swing and rotate freely in multiple directions, and combined machining such as milling and drilling on multiple surfaces can be performed in one clamping without multiple workpiece transfers, thereby improving the processing efficiency and accuracy. The first rotating motor 71 and the second rotating motor 81 provide high-precision control, and can accurately adjust the rotation angle and speed according to the processing requirements, ensuring that the equipment still maintains good accuracy during high-speed operation, and the processing quality of the heavy workpiece is guaranteed. Through the precise control of the first rotating motor 71 and the second rotating motor 81, the movement error during the processing is reduced, and the accuracy of repeated positioning is improved, which is particularly important for processing scenarios with high-precision requirements, such as the aviation parts and mold manufacturing industries.

[0046] Exemplarily, the engine block is made of cast iron. The machining process of the engine block is as follows: Fix the blank workpiece of the engine block on the second workbench 80, use the rotation functions of the first workbench 70 and the second workbench 80 to position the blank workpiece, precisely mill the inner cavity of the engine block through five-axis linkage and use a milling cutter, and then use a boring head to perform boring processing on the cylinder holes of the engine block. In this processing process, both the milling cutter and the boring head achieve tool change operations through the tool change mechanism 50.

[0047] Exemplarily, the aero-engine casing is a high-strength alloy steel forging. The machining process of the aero-engine casing is as follows: Fix the blank workpiece of the aero-engine casing on the second workbench 80, use the rotation functions of the first workbench 70 and the second workbench 80 to position the blank workpiece, precisely mill the outer contour and bosses of the blank workpiece through five-axis linkage and use a milling cutter, precisely drill positioning holes on the bosses with a drill bit, and then use tapping to perform high-precision thread machining on the bosses; during this machining process, the milling cutter, drill bit, and tapping are all realized through the tool changing mechanism 50 for tool changing operations.

[0048] Working principle: A high-speed five-axis machining device provided by the present invention provides a variety of tools 100 to the main shaft 60 through the tool changing mechanism 50. The first moving component 20, the second moving component 30, and the third moving component 40 drive the main shaft 60 to move along the X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis directions respectively. Combining the swing of the first workbench 70 along the B-axis and the rotation of the second workbench 80 along the C-axis, multi-sided combined machining of heavy workpieces is realized, which not only improves the machining flexibility, but also meets the machining requirements of complex workpieces and improves the production efficiency. Since the tool changing mechanism 50 provides a variety of tools 100 to the main shaft 60, the main shaft 60 can quickly change tools 100 between different machining processes, significantly reducing the non-machining time of the device and improving the automation degree of the device. In addition, the weight of the heavy workpiece acts on the fuselage 10, and the movement of the heavy workpiece is independent of the movement of the linear axes, avoiding interference of the heavy workpiece on the movement performance of the first moving component 20, the second moving component 30, and the third moving component 40. Therefore, the present invention solves the technical problem in the prior art that the heavy workpiece has an adverse effect on the linear axes during the machining process.

[0049] As described above, the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions recorded in the foregoing embodiments, or perform equivalent replacements for some of the technical features; and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-speed five-axis machining device, characterized in that It includes a fuselage (10), on which a first moving component (20), a second moving component (30) and a third moving component (40) are successively installed, and a tool changing mechanism (50) adjacent to the first moving component (20) is installed at one end of the fuselage (10); a spindle (60) arranged along the Z-axis direction is installed on the third moving component (40), and a first workbench (70) and a second workbench (80) are also installed on the fuselage (10); The tool changing mechanism (50) is used to provide various tools (100) for the spindle (60), the first workbench (70) is used to drive the second workbench (80) to swing along the B-axis direction, and the second workbench (80) is used to drive the workpiece to rotate along the C-axis direction; the first moving component (20), the second moving component (30), and the third moving component (40) are respectively used to drive the spindle (60) to move along the X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis directions, so that the tool (100) on the spindle (60) performs milling, drilling, tapping, and boring operations on the heavy workpiece on the second workbench (80); Wherein, the heavy workpiece includes an engine cylinder block or an aero-engine casing, the X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis directions are perpendicular to each other, the B-axis direction is the rotation direction around the Y-axis, and the C-axis direction is the rotation direction around the Z-axis.

2. The high-speed five-axis machining equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fuselage (10) is arranged in an L shape, and the fuselage (10) includes a first body (11) and a second body (12) which are integrally formed structures, and the height of the first body (11) in the Z-axis direction is less than the height of the second body (12) in the Z-axis direction; The first moving component (20) and the tool changing mechanism (50) are both installed on the second body (12), and the first workbench (70) is installed on the first body (11).

3. The high-speed five-axis machining equipment according to claim 2, characterized in that The first body (11) is provided with a receiving cavity (111) for providing a swinging space for the first workbench (70), and the four inner side walls of the receiving cavity (111) are all arranged in an inclined plane, and the first body (11) is installed with a chip removal component (90) for discharging the chips in the receiving cavity (111).

4. The high-speed five-axis machining equipment according to claim 3, characterized in that The first body (11) is provided with a first through groove (112) communicating with the receiving cavity (111), and the first through groove (112) communicates with both ends of the first body (11) in the X-axis direction; The chip removal component (90) includes a chip removal motor (91) installed in the first body (11), a chip removal shaft (92) rotatably connected to the first body (11) is arranged in the first through groove (112), and a chip removal brush (93) is fixedly installed on the chip removal shaft (92); the chip removal motor (91) is used to drive the chip removal shaft (92) to perform rotational motion, and one end of the chip removal brush (93) away from the chip removal shaft (92) extends out of the first through groove (112).

5. The high-speed five-axis machining equipment according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, The first moving component (20) includes two first guide rails (21) fixedly installed on the fuselage (10) and arranged in parallel along the X-axis direction. A plurality of first sliders (22) are slidably connected to the first guide rails (21), and a first slide table (23) perpendicular to the first guide rails (21) is fixedly connected to the first sliders (22). A first lead screw (24) is rotatably connected to the fuselage (10) between the two first guide rails (21) and passes through the first slide table (23). The height of the first lead screw (24) in the Z-axis direction is lower than the height of the first guide rails (21) in the Z-axis direction. A first moving motor (25) for driving the first lead screw (24) to perform a rotational motion and arranged parallel to the first lead screw (24) is installed at one end of the first slide table (23) in the X-axis direction.

6. The high-speed five-axis machining equipment according to claim 5, characterized in that The second moving component (30) includes a plurality of second sliders (31) fixedly installed on the first slide table (23). Two second guide rails (32) arranged in parallel along the Y-axis direction are slidably connected to the plurality of second sliders (31), and a second slide table (33) is fixedly connected to the two second guide rails (32). A second lead screw (34) is rotatably connected to the bottom of the second slide table (33) between the two second guide rails (32) and passes through the first slide table (23). The height of the second lead screw (34) in the Z-axis direction is higher than the height of the first guide rails (21) in the Z-axis direction. A second moving motor (35) for driving the second lead screw (34) to perform a rotational motion and arranged parallel to the second lead screw (34) is installed at one end of the first slide table (23) away from the main shaft (60).

7. The high-speed five-axis machining equipment according to claim 6, wherein The third moving component (40) includes a plurality of third sliders (41). The third sliders (41) are fixedly installed at one end of the second slide table (33) away from the second moving motor (35). Two third guide rails (42) arranged along the Z-axis direction are slidably connected to the plurality of third sliders (41), and the two third guide rails (42) are fixedly connected to the main shaft (60). A third lead screw (43) arranged along the Z-axis direction and passing through the second slide table (33) is provided on the main shaft (60). One end of the third lead screw (43) is rotatably connected to the middle of the main shaft (60), and the other end of the third lead screw (43) is rotatably connected to the end of the main shaft (60) away from the heavy workpiece. A third moving motor (44) arranged parallel to the third lead screw (43) is installed on the top of the second slide table (33).

8. The high-speed five-axis machining equipment according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that The tool changing mechanism (50) includes a mounting frame (51) fixedly connected to the fuselage (10). A tool changing frame (52) is fixedly connected to the mounting frame (51), and a tool supply component (53) for accommodating a variety of tools (100) is installed in the tool changing frame (52). A tool changing arm (54) for exchanging a tool (100) between the tool supply assembly (53) and the main shaft (60) is rotatably connected to the bottom of the tool changing frame (52), and a tool changing motor (55) for driving the tool changing arm (54) to rotate is installed on the tool changing frame (52).

9. The high-speed five-axis machining equipment according to claim 8, characterized in that, The tool supply assembly (53) includes a tool supply disk (531) rotatably connected to the tool changing frame (52), a tool supply motor (532) for driving the tool supply disk (531) to rotate is installed on the tool changing frame (52), and a plurality of tool magazines (533) parallel to the X-axis direction and for accommodating the tool (100) are installed on the tool supply disk (531); A knife reversing cylinder is installed in the tool changing frame (52), and the knife reversing cylinder is used to rotate the tool magazine (533) by 90 degrees to realize tool changing or tool retracting of the tool (100); clamping grooves (541) for clamping the tool (100) are symmetrically arranged at both ends of the tool changing arm (54).

10. The high-speed five-axis machining equipment according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, A first mounting surface (113) is provided in the machine body (10), and the first workbench (70) includes a first rotating motor (71), a first rotating frame (72), and a first base (73) fixedly installed on the first mounting surface (113); One end of the first rotating frame (72) is rotatably connected to the first base (73), the other end of the first rotating frame (72) is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the first rotating motor (71), and the first rotating motor (71) is used to drive the first rotating frame (72) to swing along the B-axis direction; The second workbench (80) includes a second rotating motor (81) and a rotating table (82) rotatably connected to the first rotating frame (72), and the second rotating motor (81) is installed in the first rotating frame (72) and is used to drive the rotating table (82) to rotate along the C-axis direction.

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