Process for producing gas by catalytic gasification of coal and cyclone system

Abstract

The invention relates to a coal catalytic gasification gas production process and a cyclone separation system. The system comprises a gasification furnace, a first-stage cyclone separator, a second-stage cyclone separator, a high-pressure slag hopper, a variable-pressure slag hopper, a first-rotation high-pressure ash hopper, a first-rotation variable-pressure ash hopper, a second-rotation high-pressure ash hopper, a second-rotation variable-pressure ash hopper and a special flexible element. The temperature change within the range of hundreds of degrees centigrade can be generated in a route from a cyclone separator to a high-pressure ash hopper and even a variable-pressure ash hopper, and in the cyclone separation system, the reliable thermal stress level of the system can be accurately and efficiently obtained by utilizing an analysis design criterion, combining a stress analysis calculation program and comprehensively considering the thermal stress working condition of the high-temperature cyclone separation system; the special-shaped flexible elements effectively reduce the high thermal stress level in the system, effectively cope with high-risk stress concentration areas caused by high-amplitude thermal displacement of the system to a pipeline system and an equipment system, greatly avoid safety risks, in addition, save the investment cost of one-time construction of the device, and guarantee the safety, reliability and stability of operation of the device system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of coal chemical industry, and particularly relates to a coal catalytic gasification process for gas production and a cyclone separation system. Background Art

[0002] The catalytic gasification of coal belongs to the advanced third-generation gasification technology, which is an important way for the clean and efficient utilization of coal and one of the most effective process routes for coal-to-natural gas. After the coal participates in the catalytic gasification reaction in the gasifier, the gas at the top outlet of the furnace enters the primary cyclone separator, and the separated crude gas enters the secondary cyclone separator. The solids separated by the primary cyclone separator and the secondary cyclone separator are discharged to the high-pressure ash hopper and then discharged to the ground for collection through the variable-pressure ash hopper (this system is called the cyclone separation system).

[0003] When the gas enters the cyclone separator, the gas temperature is between 700 and 800 °C, and a temperature change in the range of 800 to 300 °C will occur in the route from the cyclone separator to the high-pressure ash hopper and even the variable-pressure ash hopper. The problem caused by this is that under such high-temperature working conditions, the connecting pipes between the devices will generate very high thermal stresses, and the thermal expansion of the pipes and the devices themselves will be converted into thermal displacements. Research shows that when the coal processing capacity of the catalytic gasification device is 300 t / a, the vertical thermal displacement of the cyclone separation system can reach 70 to 110 mm. Such a large thermal displacement will pose a great test to the stress concentration areas of the pipeline system and the equipment system, such as the risk of leakage, the risk of pipeline explosion, and even equipment damage or casualties. At present, the solutions to the high temperature and high stress of this high-temperature cyclone separation system include the empirical reference method, the formula method, etc., but the application effects are average and the efficiency is low. Considering the gas-solid two-phase fluid properties of the medium in the cyclone separation system, the pipeline system should not be bent or horizontally arranged, but should be vertically arranged, and it is not suitable to set up pipeline supports and hangers, so higher requirements are put forward for the method to improve the stress level of the cyclone separation system. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a cyclone separation system for a coal catalytic gasification process for gas production, which uses special-shaped flexible elements to flexibly decompose the cyclone separation system composed of a gasifier, a primary cyclone separator, a secondary cyclone separator, a high-pressure slag hopper, a variable-pressure slag hopper, a primary cyclone high-pressure ash hopper, a primary cyclone variable-pressure ash hopper, a secondary cyclone high-pressure ash hopper, and a secondary cyclone variable-pressure ash hopper, and reduces the stress level of the whole system. By using the analysis and design criteria and combining with the stress analysis calculation program, the thermal stress working conditions of the high-temperature cyclone separation system are overall considered, and the reliable thermal stress level of the system is accurately and efficiently obtained; a special-shaped flexible element that effectively reduces the high thermal stress level in the system. It effectively responds to the high-risk stress concentration areas brought by the large thermal displacement of the system to the pipeline system and the equipment system, and greatly avoids safety risks. The flexible device of this cyclone separation system saves the one-time construction investment cost of the device and ensures the safety, reliability, and stability of the operation of the device system.

[0005] The present invention is realized through the following technical solutions: In a first aspect, the present invention provides a flexible device for a cyclone separation system in a coal catalytic gasification gas production process. The device includes: a gasifier, a primary cyclone separator, a secondary cyclone separator, a high-pressure slag hopper, a variable-pressure slag hopper, a first-stage cyclone high-pressure ash hopper, a first-stage cyclone variable-pressure ash hopper, a second-stage cyclone high-pressure ash hopper, a second-stage cyclone variable-pressure ash hopper, and a special-shaped flexible element. The top outlet of the gasifier is connected to the primary cyclone separator, and the top outlet of the primary cyclone separator is connected to the secondary cyclone separator; the high-pressure slag hopper and the variable-pressure slag hopper are connected in series at the lower part of the gasifier; the first-stage cyclone high-pressure ash hopper and the first-stage cyclone variable-pressure ash hopper are connected in series at the lower part of the primary cyclone separator; the second-stage cyclone high-pressure ash hopper and the second-stage cyclone variable-pressure ash hopper are connected in series at the lower part of the secondary cyclone separator. The high-pressure slag hopper, the first-stage cyclone variable-pressure ash hopper, and the second-stage cyclone variable-pressure ash hopper are all provided with special-shaped flexible elements. The special-shaped flexible element is composed of a plurality of disc springs, hinge elements arranged on the disc springs, and a shaping rod connecting the hinge elements of different disc springs. The tops of the plurality of disc springs are connected to the bottoms or lower parts of the high-pressure slag hopper, the first-stage cyclone variable-pressure ash hopper, and the second-stage cyclone variable-pressure ash hopper, and the bottom surfaces of the disc springs are fixedly connected to the ground or the base.

[0006] Preferably, in the above system, a pulverized coal feeding device is provided at the upper part of the gasifier, and a heat source heating system is provided at the lower part.

[0007] Preferably, in the above system, a plurality of disc springs are distributed at multiple corners at the bottoms of the high-pressure slag hopper, the first-stage cyclone variable-pressure ash hopper, and the second-stage cyclone variable-pressure ash hopper, and the top surfaces of the disc springs are connected and fixed to the lower edges of the lugs of the high-pressure slag hopper, the first-stage cyclone variable-pressure ash hopper, and the second-stage cyclone variable-pressure ash hopper.

[0008] Preferably, in the above system, the top surfaces of the disc springs are bolt-connected to the lower edges of the lugs of the high-pressure slag hopper, the first-stage cyclone variable-pressure ash hopper, and the second-stage cyclone variable-pressure ash hopper. Bolt holes are provided on both the top surface connecting plate of the disc spring of the special-shaped flexible element and the lower bottom plate of the equipment lug, and the number of holes corresponds. They are connected and fixed with bolts, nuts, and washers.

[0009] Preferably, in the above system, a hinge element is provided respectively at the upper and lower parts of the disc spring, and the two hinge elements of each disc spring are respectively connected to the hinge elements of the other two disc springs through a shaping rod.

[0010] Preferably, in the above system, the hinge elements are respectively arranged at the 1 / 5 - 2 / 5 height and 3 / 5 - 4 / 5 height of the disc spring, preferably at the upper 1 / 3 and lower 1 / 3. The hinge elements are surface-welded to the disc spring, and the shaping rod is embedded in the hinge element.

[0011] Preferably, in the above system, 1) Calculate the combined bending stress according to the following formula, (Equation 1) In Equation 1: S b —— Composite bending stress; Pa i i —— Stress intensification factor in the plane; i o —— Stress intensification factor out of the plane; M i —— Bending moment in the plane; N·m M o —— Bending moment out of the plane; N·m Z —— Section modulus of the pipe; i i 、i o 、M i 、M o 、The values of Z are selected according to the ASME B31.3 code; 2) Select the disc spring with specific nominal load value and nominal displacement value according to the composite bending stress value.

[0012] Preferably, in the above system, balance lines are respectively arranged between the high-pressure slag hopper and the variable-pressure slag hopper, between the first-stage high-pressure ash hopper and the first-stage variable-pressure ash hopper, and between the second-stage high-pressure ash hopper and the second-stage variable-pressure ash hopper.

[0013] In the second aspect, the present invention provides a coal catalytic gasification process for producing gas, which uses the above system and includes the following steps: The raw coal powder enters the gasifier quantitatively through the feeding device (the gas production capacity of the gasifier is 300 - 700 Nm 3 / h, and the coal powder processing capacity is 1 - 3 tons per day), and its working temperature is 650°C - 810°C and the pressure is 3.6 MPa - 4.2 MPa. The furnace gas at the outlet of the gasifier (1) enters the first-stage cyclone separator, whose working temperature is 680°C - 750°C and the pressure is 3.6 MPa - 4.2 MPa. The separated raw coal gas enters the second-stage cyclone separator, whose working temperature is 680°C - 750°C and the pressure is 3.6 MPa - 4.2 MPa. The solids separated by the first-stage cyclone separator and the second-stage cyclone separator are respectively discharged to the first-stage high-pressure ash hopper and the second-stage high-pressure ash hopper, whose working temperature is 280°C - 360°C and the pressure is 3.6 MPa - 4.2 MPa, and then pass through the first-stage variable-pressure ash hopper and the second-stage variable-pressure ash hopper, whose working temperature is 280°C - 360°C and the pressure is 3.6 MPa - 4.2 MPa, and then are discharged outside.

[0014] The slag discharge of the gasifier adopts dry slag discharge, passes through the high-pressure slag hopper and the variable-pressure slag hopper, whose working temperature is 460°C - 550°C and the pressure is 3.6 MPa - 4.2 MPa, and then is discharged outside for collection.

[0015] In the above process, due to the special-shaped flexible elements provided in the high-pressure slag hopper, the first-stage cyclone variable-pressure ash hopper, and the second-stage cyclone variable-pressure ash hopper, the loads and thrusts acting on the pipe supports can be transferred to the equipment body with higher strength, greatly improving the stress condition of the system.

[0016] In the above process, the special-shaped flexible elements eliminate the necessity of setting pipe supports and hangers under special working conditions, and are more adaptable to similar cyclone separation systems that cannot use conventional pipe support and hanger optimization methods to reduce the system stress level.

[0017] In the above process, the special-shaped flexible elements adopt disc spring supports and hangers whose bearing capacity does not change with the vertical displacement at the support and suspension points when they bear the self-weight loads of the equipment and pipes, that is, the load remains constant.

[0018] In the above process, by using the analysis and design criteria, combined with the stress analysis calculation program, the thermal stress condition of the high-temperature cyclone separation system is considered as a whole, and the reliable thermal stress level of the system is obtained accurately and efficiently; a special-shaped flexible element that can effectively reduce the high thermal stress level in the system is invented. It effectively deals with the high-risk stress concentration areas brought by the large thermal displacement of the system to the pipe system and the equipment system, greatly avoiding safety risks. The flexible device of this cyclone separation system saves the primary construction investment cost of the device and ensures the safety, reliability, and stability of the operation of the device system.

[0019] The technical solution of the present invention has the following advantages: (1) The present invention proposes to apply the method for optimizing the high thermal stress level of pipes, that is, adding special-shaped flexible elements, to the rigid support points of conventional equipment, so as to transfer the loads and thrusts acting on the pipe supports to the equipment body with higher strength, greatly improving the stress condition of the system; (2) The special-shaped flexible elements of the present invention eliminate the necessity of setting pipe supports and hangers under special working conditions, and are more adaptable to similar cyclone separation systems that cannot use conventional pipe support and hanger optimization methods to reduce the system stress level; (3) The special-shaped flexible element of the device of the present invention effectively reduces the high thermal stress level in the system. It effectively deals with the high-risk stress concentration areas brought by the large thermal displacement of the system to the pipe system and the equipment system, greatly avoiding safety risks. The flexible device of this cyclone separation system saves the primary construction investment cost of the device and ensures the safety, reliability, and stability of the operation of the device system. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] In order to make the content of the present invention easier to be clearly understood, the following further describes the present invention in detail according to the specific embodiments of the present invention and in combination with the drawings, wherein: Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the flexible device of the cyclone separation system for the coal catalytic gasification gas production process of Embodiment 1 of the present invention, wherein: 1 - Gasifier, 2 - Primary cyclone separator, 3 - Secondary cyclone separator, 4 - High-pressure slag hopper, 5 - Variable-pressure slag hopper, 6 - Primary cyclone high-pressure ash hopper, 7 - Primary cyclone variable-pressure ash hopper, 8 - Secondary cyclone high-pressure ash hopper, 9 - Secondary cyclone variable-pressure ash hopper, 10 - Special-shaped flexible element, 11 - Balance line; Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the characteristic flexible element in the flexible device of the cyclone separation system for the coal catalytic gasification gas production process of Embodiment 1 of the present invention, where: 12 - Disc spring, 13 - Hinge element, 14 - Shaping rod; Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the disc spring; Figure 4 It is a typical load-displacement characteristic curve of the disc spring. Detailed implementation mode

[0021] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0022] As Figure 1 shown, the cyclone separation system of the coal catalytic gasification gas production process of the present invention includes a gasifier 1, a primary cyclone separator 2, a secondary cyclone separator 3, a high-pressure slag hopper 4, a variable-pressure slag hopper 5, a primary cyclone high-pressure ash hopper 6, a primary cyclone variable-pressure ash hopper 7, a secondary cyclone high-pressure ash hopper 8, a secondary cyclone variable-pressure ash hopper 9 and a special-shaped flexible element 10. Except for the special-shaped flexible element 10, other devices are all existing formed devices.

[0023] As Figure 2 shown, the characteristic flexible element of the flexible device of the cyclone separation system of the coal catalytic gasification gas production process of the present invention includes a disc spring 12, a hinge element 13 and a shaping rod 14.

[0024] A pulverized coal feeding device is provided at the upper part of the gasifier 1, and an electric heating furnace is provided at the lower part to provide heat source for it.

[0025] The top outlet of the gasifier 1 is connected to the primary cyclone separator 2, and the top outlet of the primary cyclone separator 2 is connected to the secondary cyclone separator 3; the lower part of the gasifier 1 is connected in series with a high-pressure slag hopper 4 and a variable-pressure slag hopper 5; the lower part of the primary cyclone separator 2 is connected in series with a primary cyclone high-pressure ash hopper 6 and a primary cyclone variable-pressure ash hopper 7; the lower part of the secondary cyclone separator 3 is connected in series with a secondary cyclone high-pressure ash hopper 8 and a secondary cyclone variable-pressure ash hopper 9.

[0026] The high-pressure slag hopper 4, the first-stage variable-pressure ash hopper 7, and the second-stage variable-pressure ash hopper 9 are all provided with special-shaped flexible elements 10. The special-shaped flexible element 10 is composed of a plurality of disc springs 12, hinge elements 13 arranged on the disc springs, and a shaping rod 14 connecting the hinge elements of different disc springs. The tops of the plurality of disc springs 12 are connected to the bottoms or lower parts of the high-pressure slag hopper 4, the first-stage variable-pressure ash hopper 7, and the second-stage variable-pressure ash hopper 9. Preferably, the plurality of disc springs 12 are evenly distributed at multiple corners of the bottoms of the high-pressure slag hopper 4, the first-stage variable-pressure ash hopper 7, and the second-stage variable-pressure ash hopper 9, such as three or four corners of the bottom. The top surfaces of the disc springs 12 are fixedly connected to the lower edges of the lugs of the high-pressure slag hopper 4, the first-stage variable-pressure ash hopper 7, and the second-stage variable-pressure ash hopper 9; the specific connection type can be the simplest bolt connection, that is, bolt holes are provided on the top surface connecting plate of the disc spring 12 of the special-shaped flexible element 10 and the lower bottom plate of the equipment lug, and the number of holes corresponds, and they are connected and fixed with bolts, nuts, and washers. The bottom surface of the disc spring 12 is fixedly connected to the foundation or base. A hinge element is respectively arranged on the upper and lower parts of the disc spring. Three disc springs can be evenly arranged at the bottom of the high-pressure slag hopper 4, the first-stage variable-pressure ash hopper 7, and the second-stage variable-pressure ash hopper 9 (at three corners of the bottom, and the connection lines between the three disc springs are preferably equilateral triangles). The two hinge elements of each disc spring are respectively connected to the hinge elements of the other two disc springs through a shaping rod. For example, the hinge elements 13 can be respectively arranged at the 1 / 5 - 2 / 5 height and 3 / 5 - 4 / 5 height of the disc spring 12, preferably at the upper 1 / 3 and lower 1 / 3. The hinge element 13 is surface-welded to the disc spring 12, and the shaping rod 14 is embedded in the hinge element 13 (that is, the shaping rod 14 is hingedly connected to the hinge element 13) to form a stable structure. The shaping rod 14 has a certain weak stiffness and is preferably made of steel such as low-carbon steel, so that the special-shaped flexible element 10 maintains an effective connection during the working state and can normally play the role of system flexible compensation. Usually, the type of disc spring 12 used is mostly the F type, that is, the shelving type support bearing plate type, as Figure 3 shown, its load range is 500N - 230000N, the vertical displacement change range is 50 - 220mm, the self-weight is 40kg - 2000kg, the height is 600mm - 1600mm, and the diameter is 200mm - 500mm.

[0027] The upper part of the gasifier 1 is provided with a pulverized coal feeding device, and the lower part is provided with an electric heating furnace to provide heat source for it.

[0028] Balancing lines 11, that is, pressure balancing pipelines, are respectively arranged between the high-pressure slag hopper 4 and the variable-pressure slag hopper 5, between the first-stage high-pressure ash hopper 6 and the first-stage variable-pressure ash hopper 7, and between the second-stage high-pressure ash hopper 8 and the second-stage variable-pressure ash hopper 9 to balance the pressure fluctuations between the high-pressure equipment and the variable-pressure equipment; According to Figure 4The typical load-displacement characteristic curve of the disc spring 12 shown keeps the system in a steady-state operation all the time, so that the working range of the special flexible element 10 is always between the maximum load and the minimum load without drastic high-amplitude changes.

[0029] The coal catalytic gasification process for producing gas includes the following steps: The raw coal powder enters the gasifier 1 quantitatively through the feeding device (the gas production capacity of the gasifier is 300 - 700 Nm 3 / h, and the coal powder processing capacity is 1 - 3 tons per day). Its working temperature is 650°C - 810°C, and the pressure is 3.6 MPa - 4.2 MPa. The furnace gas at the outlet of the gasifier 1 enters the primary cyclone separator 2, whose working temperature is 680°C - 750°C and the pressure is 3.6 MPa - 4.2 MPa. The separated raw gas enters the secondary cyclone separator 3, whose working temperature is 680°C - 750°C and the pressure is 3.6 MPa - 4.2 MPa. The solids separated by the primary cyclone separator 2 and the secondary cyclone separator 3 are respectively discharged to the primary cyclone high-pressure ash hopper 6 and the secondary cyclone high-pressure ash hopper 8, whose working temperature is 280°C - 360°C and the pressure is 3.6 MPa - 4.2 MPa. Then, they pass through the primary cyclone variable-pressure ash hopper 7 and the secondary cyclone variable-pressure ash hopper 9, whose working temperature is 280°C - 360°C and the pressure is 3.6 MPa - 4.2 MPa, and then are discharged outside.

[0030] The slag discharge of the gasifier 1 adopts dry slag discharge, passing through the high-pressure slag hopper 4 and the variable-pressure slag hopper 5, and then being discharged outside for collection. The working temperatures of the high-pressure slag hopper 4 and the variable-pressure slag hopper 5 are both 460°C - 550°C and are maintained at a certain constant temperature; the pressure of the high-pressure slag hopper 4 is kept constant at a certain pressure within the range of 3.6 MPa - 4.2 MPa, and the variable-pressure slag hopper 5 floats within the range of 3.6 MPa - 4.2 MPa.

[0031] Since the medium used for coal catalytic gasification to produce gas is pulverized coal and the pipelines are basically vertical or inclined downward, it is not advisable to install supports on the pipelines. Special flexible elements 10 are installed on the high-pressure slag hopper 4, the first-stage cyclone variable-pressure ash hopper 7, and the second-stage cyclone variable-pressure ash hopper 9, which can transfer the loads and thrusts that should originally act on the pipeline supports to the equipment body with higher strength, greatly improving the stress condition of the system. The special flexible element 10 is a combination of components such as disc springs 12, hinged elements 13, and shaped rods 14 combined according to mechanical properties. Its top surface is connected to the lower edge surface of the lugs of the high-pressure slag hopper 4, the first-stage cyclone variable-pressure ash hopper 7, and the second-stage cyclone variable-pressure ash hopper 9 using bolts. The special flexible element 10 has three working conditions, including the vertical action condition, the horizontal action condition, and the vertical-horizontal coupling condition; among them, the vertical action condition is mainly used for the operating device where the cyclone system is arranged vertically up and down; the horizontal action condition is used for the operating device where the cyclone system has a horizontal or inclined arrangement; the vertical-horizontal coupling condition is used for the operating device when both operating arrangements exist. When arranging the vertical action condition, the stress state of the optimized device can be simply relied on the elastic compensation ability of the disc spring 12 in the special flexible element 10 itself; in the horizontal action condition, the hinged element 13 and the shaped rod 14 of the special flexible element 10 will play a role, that is, according to the different horizontal force directions and loads of each lug of the equipment, by adjusting the length of the shaped rod, the self-deformation stiffness of the shaped rod is changed, so that the load levels of each lug are redistributed; the vertical-horizontal coupling condition is the simultaneous action of the former two, producing an excellent compensation effect.

[0032] Due to the characteristics of the medium used for coal catalytic gasification to produce gas, the pipelines are basically vertical or inclined downward, and it is not advisable to install supports on the pipelines. The special flexible element 10 eliminates the necessity of setting pipeline supports and hangers under special working conditions, and is more adaptable to similar cyclone separation systems where it is impossible to use conventional pipeline support and hanger optimization methods to reduce the system stress level.

[0033] The special flexible element 10 adopts a disc spring support and hanger that, when bearing the self-weight loads of the equipment and pipelines, the bearing capacity does not change with the vertical displacement at the support and suspension points, that is, the load remains constant.

[0034] Using the analysis and design criteria, combined with the stress analysis calculation program, overall considering the thermal stress condition of the high-temperature cyclone separation system, accurately and efficiently obtain the reliable thermal stress level of the system; the software that can be used for calculation is, for example, the equivalent stiffness method calculation program, the SAP5 program, the petrochemical non-buried pipeline design and appraisal program PBAA, and the CAESAR II software. At present, the CAESAR II software is the preferred program for pipeline stress analysis and calculation. Therefore, the present invention preferably uses this software for stress analysis and calculation.

[0035] The formula used for stress analysis is: (Equation 1) In Equation 1: S b —— Composite bending stress; Pa i i —— Stress intensification factor in the plane; i o —— Stress intensification factor out of the plane; M i —— Bending moment in the plane; N·m M o —— Bending moment out of the plane; N·m Z —— Section modulus of the pipe.

[0036] i i 、i o 、M i 、M o The numerical values of i, i, M, M, and Z are selected according to the ASME B31.3 code.

[0037] The composite bending stress (approximately equal to the total thermal stress) is calculated to determine the thermal stress level, and the specific model of the disc spring 12 can be optimized. Then, in combination with the hinge element 13 and the sizing rod 14, a special flexible element suitable for this device can be designed. The invention effectively reduces the high thermal stress level in the system. The special flexible element is designed according to the thermal stress calculation and measurement of the thermal stress level. The specific operation process is as follows: According to the calculation results, while controlling the thermal stress level to be below 90% of the allowable stress value of the material, the time thermal displacement and the maximum load value under the thermal condition are obtained (for example, through the software CAESARII). Based on this, the most economical and reasonable nominal displacement and nominal load are selected, and then the specification type of the disc spring can be selected. When the thermal stress level is above 90% of the allowable stress value of the material, it is necessary to combine the natural compensation conditions in the system or optimize the equipment layout to reduce the stress level, and then select a suitable disc spring. Then, in combination with the hinge element 13 and the sizing rod 14, a special flexible element suitable for this device can be designed. The nominal displacement value and the nominal load value are both selected from the nominal data series in the support and hanger data manual. It is required that the selected nominal displacement of the disc spring should be, for example, 20% larger than the calculated displacement and at least 20 mm larger. And it is required that the absolute value of the difference between the selected nominal load value of the disc spring and the calculated maximum load value is the smallest. The nominal displacement value and the nominal load value are respectively used as the displacement and load on the nameplate of the specific spring type provided by the manufacturer and the physical spring nameplate, that is, the nominal displacement and the nominal load. The invention effectively reduces the high thermal stress level in the system. It effectively addresses the high-risk stress concentration areas brought by the large thermal displacement of the system to the pipeline system and the equipment system, and greatly avoids safety risks. The flexible device of this cyclone separation system saves the one-time construction investment cost of the device and ensures the safety, reliability, and stability of the device system operation. Comparative Example 1 (i.e., the existing cyclone separation system)

[0038] In the device, if there is no special flexible element 10, then compare Figure 1 with the device of the present invention, and the remaining process steps and process parameters are the same as those in the following Embodiment 1. As described in the background art part, when the coal processing capacity of the catalytic gasification device is 300 t / a, it can be calculated by the CAESAR II software that the vertical thermal displacement of the cyclone system can reach 70 - 110 mm. As a result, the stress of the cyclone system will exceed the standard, and even the pipeline and equipment will leak and cause casualties. Embodiment 1

[0039] The raw coal powder enters the gasifier 1 quantitatively through the feeding device (the gas production of the gasifier is 300 - 700 Nm 3 / h, and the coal powder processing capacity is 1 - 3 tons per day), and its working temperature is 650°C - 810°C and the pressure is 3.6 MPa - 4.2 MPa. The furnace gas at the outlet of the gasifier 1 enters the first-stage cyclone separator 2, whose working temperature is 680°C - 750°C and the pressure is 3.6 MPa - 4.2 MPa. The separated raw coal gas enters the second-stage cyclone separator 3, whose working temperature is 680°C - 750°C and the pressure is 3.6 MPa - 4.2 MPa. The solids separated by the first-stage cyclone separator 2 and the second-stage cyclone separator 3 are respectively discharged to the first-stage high-pressure ash hopper 6 and the second-stage high-pressure ash hopper 8, whose working temperature is 280°C - 360°C and the pressure is 3.6 MPa - 4.2 MPa, and then pass through the first-stage variable-pressure ash hopper 7 and the second-stage variable-pressure ash hopper 9, whose working temperature is 280°C - 360°C and the pressure is 3.6 MPa - 4.2 MPa, and then are discharged outside.

[0040] The slag discharge of the gasifier 1 adopts dry slag discharge, through the high-pressure slag hopper 4 and the variable-pressure slag hopper 5, whose working temperature is 460°C - 550°C and the pressure is 3.6 MPa - 4.2 MPa, and then is discharged outside for collection.

[0041] The special flexible elements 10 provided in the high-pressure slag hopper 4, the first-stage variable-pressure ash hopper 7, and the second-stage variable-pressure ash hopper 9 can transfer the load and thrust acting on the pipeline support to the equipment body with higher strength, greatly improving the stress condition of the system.

[0042] The special flexible element 10 eliminates the necessity of setting pipeline supports and hangers under special working conditions, and is more adaptable to similar cyclone systems that cannot use conventional pipeline support and hanger optimization methods to reduce the system stress level.

[0043] The special flexible element 10 adopts a disc spring support and hanger whose bearing capacity does not change with the vertical displacement at the support and hanger point when it bears the self-weight load of the equipment and pipeline, that is, the load remains constant. This system mainly refers to the disc spring support and hanger of the basic bearing plate type F1.

[0044] The special-shaped flexible element 10 is a component combination formed by combining a disc spring 12, a hinge element 13, a shaping rod 14, etc. according to mechanical characteristics. Its top surface is connected to the lower edge surface of the supporting ears of the high-pressure slag hopper 4, the first-stage cyclone ash hopper 7, and the second-stage cyclone ash hopper 9 using bolts. The special-shaped flexible element 10 has three working conditions, including the vertical action condition, the horizontal action condition, and the vertical-horizontal coupling condition. In the vertical action condition, the elastic compensation ability of the disc spring 12 in the special-shaped flexible element 10 alone can be used to optimize the stress state of the device; in the horizontal action condition, the hinge element 13 and the shaping rod 14 of the special-shaped flexible element 10 will play a role, that is, according to the different horizontal stress directions and loads of each supporting ear of the equipment, by adjusting the length of the shaping rod, the self-deformation stiffness of the shaping rod is changed, so that the load levels of each supporting ear are redistributed; there is a periodic function relationship among the clear distance between the supporting ears, the length of the shaping rod, and the stiffness of the shaping rod, so they can be shaped with each other; the vertical-horizontal coupling condition is the simultaneous action of the first two, producing an excellent compensation effect. The basic length of the shaping rod depends on the inner connection length of the supporting ears of the central circle where the supporting ears of the equipment supported by the special-shaped flexible element 10 are located, which is almost equal to the outer diameter of the equipment. The variable length of the shaping rod 14 depends on the horizontal load level in the horizontal action condition. The shaping rod 14 and each disc spring 12 are connected by a hinge element 13, and the connection is carried out in a clockwise downhill mode in the circumferential direction, which is convenient for the formation of mechanical balance. The specifications of the disc spring 12 are determined according to the displacement and load range to be compensated calculated according to the analysis and design criteria. The corresponding values and the specifications and dimensions of the disc spring can be found in the relevant support and hanger data manual (the support and hanger data manual is derived from the existing engineering data manual and / or the current national standards and specifications); in this example, the F-type suspended support bearing plate type is selected, with a nominal load of 6000 N, a nominal displacement of 120 mm, a self-weight of 80 kg, a height of 850 mm, and a diameter of 320 mm. The special-shaped flexible element 10 can be made of low-carbon steel, with low cost and convenient manufacturing.

[0045] When the coal processing capacity of the catalytic gasification device is 300 t / a, the stress level of the cyclone separation system in Example 1 will decrease significantly. A large amount of vertical thermal displacement will be compensated and absorbed by the special-shaped flexible element 10. After absorption, through re-stress analysis and calculation, it can be calculated that the remaining thermal displacement is less than 35 mm, and it can be naturally compensated by the flexibility of the pipeline itself, ensuring the stability of the system's thermal stress condition.

[0046] Using the analysis and design criteria, combined with the stress analysis calculation program, comprehensively considering the thermal stress conditions of the high-temperature cyclone separation system, accurately and efficiently obtaining the reliable thermal stress level of the system; inventing special flexible components that can effectively reduce the high thermal stress level in the system. Effectively coping with the high-risk stress concentration areas brought by the large thermal displacement of the system to the pipeline system and equipment system, greatly avoiding safety risks. The flexible device of this cyclone separation system saves the one-time construction investment cost of the device and ensures the safety, reliability, and stability of the operation of the device system.

[0047] Obviously, the above-mentioned embodiments are only examples for clear illustration and not limitations on the implementation manners. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other different forms of changes or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is not necessary and impossible to list all the implementation manners here. And the obvious changes or modifications derived therefrom are still within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A cyclone separation system for a coal catalytic gasification gas production process, characterized in that, The device includes: a gasifier (1), a primary cyclone separator (2), a secondary cyclone separator (3), a high-pressure slag hopper (4), a variable-pressure slag hopper (5), a primary cyclone high-pressure ash hopper (6), a primary cyclone variable-pressure ash hopper (7), a secondary cyclone high-pressure ash hopper (8), a secondary cyclone variable-pressure ash hopper (9), and a special-shaped flexible element (10). The top outlet of the gasifier (1) is connected to the primary cyclone separator (2), and the top outlet of the primary cyclone separator (2) is connected to the secondary cyclone separator (3). The lower part of the gasifier (1) is connected in series with the high-pressure slag hopper (4) and the variable-pressure slag hopper (5); the lower part of the primary cyclone separator (2) is connected in series with the primary cyclone high-pressure ash hopper (6) and the primary cyclone variable-pressure ash hopper (7); the lower part of the secondary cyclone separator (3) is connected in series with the secondary cyclone high-pressure ash hopper (8) and the secondary cyclone variable-pressure ash hopper (9). The high-pressure slag hopper (4), the primary cyclone variable-pressure ash hopper (7), and the secondary cyclone variable-pressure ash hopper (9) are all provided with special-shaped flexible elements (10). The special-shaped flexible element (10) is composed of a plurality of disc springs (12), hinge elements (13) arranged on the disc springs, and a shaping rod (14) connecting the hinge elements of different disc springs. The tops of the plurality of disc springs (12) are connected to the bottoms or lower parts of the high-pressure slag hopper (4), the primary cyclone variable-pressure ash hopper (7), and the secondary cyclone variable-pressure ash hopper (9), and the bottom surfaces of the disc springs (12) are fixedly connected to the ground or the base.

2. The cyclone separation system according to claim 1, wherein The upper part of the gasifier (1) is provided with a pulverized coal feeding device, and the lower part is provided with a heat source heating system.

3. The cyclone separation system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The plurality of disc springs (12) are distributed at multiple corners of the bottoms of the high-pressure slag hopper (4), the primary cyclone variable-pressure ash hopper (7), and the secondary cyclone variable-pressure ash hopper (9). The top surfaces of the disc springs (12) are connected and fixed to the lower edges of the lugs of the high-pressure slag hopper (4), the primary cyclone variable-pressure ash hopper (7), and the secondary cyclone variable-pressure ash hopper (9).

4. The cyclone separation system according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, The top surfaces of the disc springs (12) and the lower edges of the lugs of the high-pressure slag hopper (4), the primary cyclone variable-pressure ash hopper (7), and the secondary cyclone variable-pressure ash hopper (9) are bolt-connected. The top surface connecting plates of the disc springs (12) of the special-shaped flexible element (10) and the lower bottom plates of the equipment lugs are both provided with bolt holes, and the number of holes corresponds. They are connected and fixed with bolts, nuts, and washers.

5. The cyclone separation system according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that One hinge element is respectively arranged on the upper and lower parts of the disc spring. The two hinge elements of each disc spring are respectively connected to the hinge elements of the other two disc springs through a shaping rod.

6. The cyclone separation system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The hinge elements (13) are respectively arranged at the 1 / 5 - 2 / 5 height and 3 / 5 - 4 / 5 height of the disc spring (12), preferably at the upper 1 / 3 and lower 1 / 3. The hinge elements (13) are surface-welded to the disc spring (12), and the shaping rod (14) is embedded in the hinge element (13).

7. The cyclone separation system according to any one of claims 1 - 6, wherein 1) Calculate the combined bending stress according to the following formula (Formula 1) In (Equation 1): S b —— Composite bending stress; Pa i i —— Stress enhancement factor in the plane; i o —— out-of-plane stress enhancement factor; M i —— Bending moment in the plane; N·m M o —— Bending moment outside the plane; N·m Z - the section modulus of the pipeline; i i 、i o 、M i 、M o The numerical values of Z are selected in accordance with ASME B31.3 Code; 2) Select disc springs with specific nominal load values and nominal displacement values according to the combined bending stress value.

8. The cyclone separation system according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, A balance line (11) is respectively arranged between the high-pressure slag hopper (4) and the variable-pressure slag hopper (5), between the first-stage cyclone high-pressure ash hopper (6) and the first-stage cyclone variable-pressure ash hopper (7), and between the second-stage cyclone high-pressure ash hopper (8) and the second-stage cyclone variable-pressure ash hopper (9).

9. A coal catalytic gasification process for gas production, characterized in that, The process uses the cyclone separation system described in any one of claims 1-8, and comprises the following steps: The raw coal powder enters the gasifier (1) quantitatively through the feeding device (the gas production capacity of the gasifier is 300 - 700 Nm 3 / h, and the coal powder processing capacity is 1 - 3 tons per day). Its working temperature is 650°C - 810°C and the pressure is 3.6 MPa - 4.2 MPa. The furnace gas at the outlet of the gasifier (1) enters the primary cyclone separator (2), whose working temperature is 680°C - 750°C and the pressure is 3.6 MPa - 4.2 MPa. The separated raw coal gas enters the secondary cyclone separator (3), whose working temperature is 680°C - 750°C and the pressure is 3.6 MPa - 4.2 MPa. The solids separated by the primary cyclone separator (2) and the secondary cyclone separator (3) are respectively discharged to the primary cyclone high-pressure ash hopper (6) and the secondary cyclone high-pressure ash hopper (8), whose working temperature is 280°C - 360°C and the pressure is 3.6 MPa - 4.2 MPa. Then, they pass through the primary cyclone variable-pressure ash hopper (7) and the secondary cyclone variable-pressure ash hopper (9), whose working temperature is 280°C - 360°C and the pressure is 3.6 MPa - 4.2 MPa, and then are discharged outside.

10. The coal catalytic gasification gas production process according to claim 9, characterized in that, The slag discharge of the gasifier (1) adopts dry slag discharge, through the high-pressure slag hopper (4) and the variable-pressure slag hopper (5), with a working temperature of 460°C to 550°C and a pressure of 3.6 MPa to 4.2 MPa, and then is discharged and collected externally.

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