New Ganoderma tropical strain GtJC215 and cultivation method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to a novel tropical ganoderma lucidum strain and a cultivation method thereof. The new strain of the Ganoderma tropicum is Ganoderma tropicum GtJC215, and the preservation number of the new strain of the Ganoderma tropicum GtJC215 in the China Center for Type Culture Collection (CCTCC) is CCTCC NO: M 20221411. The method is characterized in that basic groups of the 69th site and the 155th site of the ITS sequence in an NCBI database are C and A, and the basic groups of the 69th site and the 155th site of the ITS sequence in the NCBI database are different from basic groups A and G of a Ganoderma tropicum voucher Yuan3490 (JQ781880.1) strain with the highest similarity in the NCBI database at the 109th site and the 195th site; various herbaceous plants can be used as main raw materials of the culture medium; the ganoderma lucidum can grow normally at high temperature and high humidity in summer, the conversion rate can reach 25%, and the contents of triterpenes and polysaccharides are 1.48% and 1.12% respectively and reach the national standard. The cultivation method of the novel tropical ganoderma lucidum strain comprises the steps of mother strain preparation, stock seed preparation, cultivation and ganoderma lucidum emergence management. The method has the beneficial effects that the Ganoderma tropical can be cultivated by using the green, organic and sustainable raw material, namely the Juncao; ganoderma lucidum can be produced in the period when ganoderma lucidum is not suitable for growing at high temperature in summer.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of microbial cultivation, and particularly relates to a new strain of Ganoderma tropicum and a cultivation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Ganoderma tropicum belongs to the class Basidiomycetes, order Polyporales, family Ganodermataceae, genus Ganoderma, which is a large fungus. Ganoderma tropicum has high medicinal value, and can nourish, strengthen, antioxidant, anti-tumor, protect the liver. In Fujian, it is also used to treat coronary heart disease. The fruiting body of Ganoderma tropicum is sessile to stipitate, corky to woody; the pileus is semicircular, circular, fan-shaped, kidney-shaped, subfunnel-shaped or irregular, and there are often small pilei formed on the edge of the large pileus. The back is yellowish-brown, reddish-brown to purplish-red, with a lacquer-like luster, and the concentric ring pattern is not obvious. The abdomen is white, light yellow to light brown; the stipe is median, lateral, eccentric or subsessile, subelliptical or of unequal thickness, with the same color as the pileus or darker, and has a strong lacquer-like luster; the context is brown. In recent years, with the increasing demand for wild Ganoderma, the number of wild Ganoderma tropicum has gradually decreased. Collecting wild Ganoderma tropicum for isolation and purification, ultraviolet mutagenesis, directional screening, identification and domestication cultivation can provide certain support for the large-scale cultivation and development of Ganoderma tropicum while protecting germplasm resources.

[0003] Ganoderma is a wood-decaying fungus. Most of them are cultivated with linden wood and wood chips, which consume a large amount of wood every year, forming a sharp "contradiction between fungi and forests". As the main raw material for traditional cultivation of edible and medicinal fungi, cottonseed hull not only causes gossypol pollution and chronic poisoning diseases, but also generally has excessive pesticide residues or heavy metal exceedance, which does not meet the requirements of green food and restricts the high-quality development of the Ganoderma industry. Therefore, it is necessary to explore other raw materials that can replace wood chips and cottonseed hull for Ganoderma cultivation.

[0004] Bacteria grass refers to herbaceous plants that contain nutrients suitable for the growth of microorganisms such as edible fungi and medicinal fungi and have comprehensive development and utilization value. Using herbaceous plants instead of wood to cultivate edible and medicinal fungi can not only achieve the sustainable development of the fungi industry, but also reduce the consumption of wood and protect the ecological environment. Experiments show that edible and medicinal fungi cultivated with bacteria grass as raw materials have higher yields and nutritional values than traditional raw materials such as wood chips and cottonseed hull, and the heavy metal content of edible and medicinal fungi cultivated with bacteria grass is lower than that of traditional wood chip formulations.

[0005] The present invention relates to a method for the isolation, purification, ultraviolet mutagenesis, directional screening, identification and cultivation of a new strain of Ganoderma tropicum. During the growth process of this new strain, the edge growth area is white, and the white edge disappears after maturity; its cap is reddish-brown, the stipe is the same color as the cap, the shape of the ganoderma is kidney-shaped, the stipe is thick and straight, the cap is thick, and it is suitable for cultivation with Juncao. This new strain is a kind of Ganoderma tropicum, and the strain name is GtJC215, which is preserved in the China Center for Type Culture Collection of Wuhan University, with the preservation number of CCTCC NO: M 20221411, and the preservation address is No. 299, Bayi Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan City, Hubei Province. The GenBank number of the characteristic sequence of Ganoderma tropicum GtJC215 in NCBI is OP727526.1. The artificial cultivation method of Ganoderma tropicum GtJC215 includes the preparation of mother culture, the preparation of original culture, mycelium culture, fruiting body management, harvesting and preservation. With this strain and this artificial cultivation method and formula of Ganoderma tropicum, Juncao, which is green, organic and sustainable, can be used as raw material, and Ganoderma can be produced during the period when Ganoderma lucidum is not suitable for fruiting in summer, which has high economic and ecological value.

[0006] There is no patent found yet on cultivating Ganoderma tropicum with Juncao. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a new strain of Ganoderma tropicum and its cultivation method.

[0008] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: A new strain of Ganoderma tropicum, named Ganoderma tropicum GtJC215, was deposited at the China Center for Type Culture Collection on September 13, 2022, with the deposit number CCTCC NO: M 20221411 and the deposit address at No. 299, Bayi Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan City, Hubei Province. The new strain of Ganoderma tropicum was obtained by washing the fresh wild Ganoderma tropicum fruit body with sterile water, cutting clean and pollution-free internal tissues from the split surface with a scalpel, cutting the separated Ganoderma tropicum fruit body tissues into small pieces and inoculating them onto the mother culture medium, culturing at a constant temperature of 24 - 28 °C for 7 - 10 days, inoculating the vigorous and fastest-growing mycelium into a new mother culture medium for ultraviolet mutagenesis, and screening out strains that grow vigorously and rapidly on the culture medium and are more heat-resistant for continuous culture. The new strain of Ganoderma tropicum has the following characteristics: First, the bases at positions 69 and 155 of the ITS sequence in the NCBI database are cytosine (C) and adenine (A), which are different from the bases adenine (A) and guanine (G) at positions 109 and 195 of the Ganoderma tropicum voucher Yuan3490 (JQ781880.1) strain with the highest similarity in the NCBI database; Second, various herbaceous plants can be used as the main raw materials of the culture medium; Third, it can normally produce fruiting bodies in summer with high temperature and high humidity, the conversion rate reaches 15% - 25%, and the triterpene and polysaccharide contents are 1.48% and 1.12% respectively, meeting the national standards, and there is no obvious difference in nutrition from general Ganoderma lucidum.

[0009] The cultivation method of the above new strain of Ganoderma tropicum includes the following steps: S1: Inoculate the new strain of Ganoderma tropicum into a test tube containing the mother culture medium, and incubate it in the dark in an incubator at 24 - 28 °C until the mycelium fills the test tube to obtain the mother culture. S2: Inoculate the mother culture into a plastic bag containing the solid original culture medium, and incubate it in the dark in an incubator at 20 - 28 °C until the mycelium fills the plastic bag to obtain the original culture; or inoculate the mother culture into a shaking flask containing the liquid original culture medium, and incubate it in the dark on a shaker at a temperature of 20 - 28 °C and a rotation speed of 120 - 160 rpm until mycelial pellets appear to obtain the original culture. S3: Inoculate the original culture into a plastic bag containing the cultivation material, and incubate it in the dark in a culture room at a temperature of 20 - 28 °C and an air relative humidity of 70% - 80% until the mycelium fills the plastic bag; transfer the plastic bag with mature mycelium development into the mushroom shed for fruiting management. During fruiting management, the mycelium is in full contact with the air, the temperature in the shed is 27 - 35 °C, the air relative humidity is 70% - 90%, and scattered light and sufficient oxygen are provided in the shed, and cultivate until the fruit body is mature.

[0010] Further, the formula of the above mother culture medium is by mass percentage: potato flour 4% - 8%, glucose 1% - 3%, sucrose 0.5% - 1%, agar powder 1.5% - 3%, fish meal 0.1% - 0.5%, yeast extract powder 0.1% - 0.3%, ferrous sulfate heptahydrate 0.001% - 0.01%, magnesium sulfate 0.1% - 0.2%, calcium sulfate heptahydrate 0.2% - 0.5%, sodium chloride 0.1% - 0.2%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate or dipotassium hydrogen phosphate 0.1% - 0.2%, and the balance is water.

[0011] Further, the formula of the above solid original seed culture medium is by mass percentage: wheat 15% - 30%, sorghum 15% - 30%, cottonseed hull 15% - 30%, corncob 15% - 30%, wheat bran 5% - 10%, molasses 0.1% - 0.5%, fish meal 0.1% - 0.5%, gypsum 0.5% - 1.5%, light calcium carbonate 0.5% - 1.5%, magnesium oxide 0.2% - 0.5%, ferrous sulfate heptahydrate 0.002% - 0.02%, magnesium sulfate 0.1% - 0.2%, sodium chloride 0.1% - 0.2%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate or dipotassium hydrogen phosphate 0.1% - 0.2%, and the mycelial herb makes up the balance; adjust the water content to 55% - 65%; The mycelial herb is any one or more of Miscanthus japonicus, Cortaderia selloana, Neyraudia reynaudiana, Paspalum scrobiculatum, Paspalum wettsteinii, Saccharum spontaneum, Silphium perfoliatum, Pennisetum purpureum, Pennisetum pedicellatum, Pennisetum giganteum, Miscanthus floridulus, Pennisetum americanum×P. purpureum, Arundo donax, Setaria sphacelata, Brachiaria eruciformis, Sorghum propinquum, Dicranopteris dichotoma.

[0012] Further, the formula of the above liquid original seed culture medium is by mass percentage: potato flour 1% - 3%, glucose 1% - 3%, sucrose 0.5% - 1%, peptone 0.1% - 0.5%, yeast extract powder 0.1% - 0.3%, ferrous sulfate heptahydrate 0.001% - 0.01%, magnesium sulfate 0.1% - 0.2%, calcium sulfate heptahydrate 0.1% - 0.2%, sodium chloride 0.1% - 0.2%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate or dipotassium hydrogen phosphate 0.1% - 0.2%, and the balance is water.

[0013] Further, the formula of the above cultivation material is by mass percentage: wheat bran or rice bran 10% - 20%, gypsum 0.5% - 1.5%, light calcium carbonate 0.5% - 1.5%, magnesium oxide 0.1% - 0.2%, ferrous sulfate heptahydrate 0.002% - 0.02%, magnesium sulfate 0.1% - 0.2%, sodium chloride 0.1% - 0.2%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate or dipotassium hydrogen phosphate 0.1% - 0.2%, and the mycelial herb makes up the balance; adjust the water content to 55% - 65%; The said Juncao is any one or more of Miscanthus japonicus, Cortaderia selloana, Neyraudia reynaudiana, Paspalum scrobiculatum, Paspalum wettsteinii, Saccharum spontaneum, Silphium perfoliatum, Pennisetum purpureum, Pennisetum pedicellatum, Pennisetum giganteum, Miscanthus floridulus, Pennisetum americanum × P. purpureum, Arundo donax, Setaria sphacelata cv. Kasonggulu, Brachiaria eruciformis, Sorghum propinquum, Dicranopteris dichotoma.

[0014] The remarkable advantages of the present invention are as follows: (1) Using Juncao, a green, organic and sustainable raw material, to cultivate Ganoderma tropicum Existing Ganoderma cultivation technologies use a large amount of traditional materials such as sawdust and cottonseed hulls. Generally, the pesticide residues are too high or the heavy metals exceed the standards, not meeting the requirements of green food, which restricts the high-quality development of the Ganoderma industry.

[0015] (2) It can produce Ganoderma during the period when Ganoderma lucidum is not suitable for fruiting in high-temperature summer The fruiting body growth temperature of Ganoderma lucidum is 20 - 30°C. When the temperature exceeds 32°C, it is prone to green mold contamination. The growth rate of the fruiting body increases, but the grown fruiting body is smaller, with a loose texture and poor commercial quality, not suitable for cultivation in high-temperature environments. However, Ganoderma tropicum GtJC215 can still normally fruit with excellent appearance and low contamination rate even under high-temperature conditions of about 38 - 40°C, and can be used as an excellent variety for Ganoderma production in high-temperature summer environments. Description of the Drawings

[0016] Figure 1 : Mycelium flat map of Ganoderma tropicum GtJC215.

[0017] Figure 2 : Microscopic structure diagram of the mycelium of Ganoderma tropicum GtJC215.

[0018] Figure 3 : Microscopic structure diagram of the spores of Ganoderma tropicum GtJC215.

[0019] Figure 4 : Fruiting body map of wild Ganoderma tropicum.

[0020] Figure 5 : Amplification result map of the characteristic sequence of Ganoderma tropicum GtJC215.

[0021] Figure 6 : Phylogenetic tree map of Ganoderma tropicum.

[0022] Figure 7:Growth of the mycelium of Ganoderma tropicum GtJC215 in solid stock culture media containing different Juncao. From left to right, the Juncao in the media are Miscanthus sinensis, Cortaderia selloana, Neyraudia reynaudiana, Paspalum scrobiculatum, Paspalum wettsteinii, Saccharum spontaneum, Silphium perfoliatum, Pennisetum purpureum, Pennisetum pedicellatum, Pennisetum purpureum, Pennisetum giganteum, Miscanthus floridulus, Pennisetum americanum×Pennisetum purpureum, Arundo donax, Setaria sphacelata var. magennis, Cymbopogon citratus, Brachiaria eruciformis, Thysanolaena maxima, Elymus dahuricus, Sorghum propinquum Figure 8 :Comparison of the fruiting body formation of Ganoderma tropicum GtJC215 and Ganoderma lucidum in a high-temperature environment in summer.

[0023] Figure 9 :Immature stage of the fruiting body of Ganoderma tropicum GtJC215.

[0024] Figure 10 :Mature stage of the fruiting body of Ganoderma tropicum GtJC215 and the stage of spore spraying (spore powder covering the mushroom cap). Detailed implementation manners

[0025] To make the content of the present invention easier to understand, the technical solutions of the present invention are further described below in conjunction with specific implementation manners. However, the present invention is not limited thereto.

[0026] Example 1: Obtaining the strain through tissue isolation and purification: Wash the fresh fruiting body of wild Ganoderma tropicum with sterile water. Cut the clean and uncontaminated internal tissue from the split surface with a scalpel and cut the isolated Ganoderma tropicum fruiting body tissue into small pieces and inoculate them onto the slant culture medium. Incubate at a constant temperature of 24 - 28°C for 7 - 10 days. Inoculate the vigorous and fastest-growing mycelium into a new slant culture medium for ultraviolet mutagenesis. Screen out the strains that grow vigorously and fast on the medium and are more heat-resistant for continuous cultivation, and thus obtain a new strain, named GtJC215. Among them, the formula of the slant culture medium is by mass percentage: potato powder 5%, glucose 3%, sucrose 1%, agar powder 3%, fish meal 0.5%, yeast extract powder 0.3%, ferrous sulfate heptahydrate 0.007%, magnesium sulfate 0.2%, calcium sulfate heptahydrate 0.5%, sodium chloride 0.2%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.2%, and the rest is water.

[0027] Extract and purify the total DNA of strain GtJC215, use it as a template for PCR amplification to obtain the strain characteristic sequence, sequence it, upload it to NCBI, and obtain the certification and GenBank number (OP727526.1). Blast the sequencing results in GenBank and construct a phylogenetic tree. The results show that GtJC215 and the discovered Ganoderma tropicum are clustered in a main branch. Ganoderma tropicum GtJC215 was deposited in the China Center for Type Culture Collection on September 13, 2022, with the deposit number CCTCC NO: M 20221411 and the deposit address at No. 299, Bayi Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan City, Hubei Province.

[0028] Example 2: S1: Mother culture preparation: Inoculate the Ganoderma tropicum GtJC215 strain into a test tube containing mother culture medium according to aseptic operation, and incubate it in the dark in an incubator at 24 - 28 °C until the mycelium fills the test tube to obtain the mother culture. Among them, the formula of the mother culture medium is by mass percentage: potato flour 5%, glucose 3%, sucrose 1%, agar 3%, fish meal 0.5%, yeast extract powder 0.3%, ferrous sulfate heptahydrate 0.007%, magnesium sulfate 0.2%, calcium sulfate heptahydrate 0.5%, sodium chloride 0.2%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.2%, and the balance is water.

[0029] S2: Primary spawn preparation: Inoculate the mother culture into a plastic bag containing solid primary spawn medium according to aseptic operation, and incubate it in the dark in an incubator at 20 - 28 °C until the mycelium fills the plastic bag to obtain the primary spawn. Among them, the formula of the solid primary spawn medium is by mass percentage: wheat 15%, sorghum 15%, cottonseed hull 15%, corncob 15%, wheat bran 10%, molasses 0.1%, fish meal 0.5%, gypsum 1%, light calcium carbonate 1%, magnesium oxide 0.2%, ferrous sulfate heptahydrate 0.01%, magnesium sulfate 0.2%, sodium chloride 0.2%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.2%, and the balance is supplemented with Juncao (specifically Miscanthus floridulus); adjust the water content to 65%. Or inoculate the mother culture into a shake flask containing liquid primary spawn medium according to aseptic operation, and incubate it in the dark in a shaker at 20 - 28 °C and 120 - 160 rpm for 3 - 7 days until mycelial pellets appear to obtain the primary spawn. Among them, the formula of the liquid primary spawn medium is by mass percentage: potato flour 2%, glucose 2%, sucrose 1%, peptone 0.3%, yeast extract powder 0.3%, ferrous sulfate heptahydrate 0.005%, magnesium sulfate 0.2%, calcium sulfate heptahydrate 0.2%, sodium chloride 0.2%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.2%, and the balance is water.

[0030] S3: Cultivation and mushroom fruiting management: Inoculate the original strain into the mushroom bag containing the cultivation medium according to aseptic operation, move the inoculated mushroom bag onto the cultivation rack in the disinfected cultivation room, and conduct dark cultivation at a temperature of 20 - 28°C and an air relative humidity of 70% - 80% until the mycelium fills the mushroom bag; move the mushroom bag with mature mycelium development into the mushroom shed for mushroom fruiting management. During mushroom fruiting management, the mycelium is in full contact with the air, the temperature in the shed is 27 - 35°C, and the air relative humidity is 70% - 90%. Provide scattered light and sufficient oxygen in the shed, and harvest when the fruiting body matures until the white growth area disappears and no longer increases. Among them, the formula of the cultivation medium is by mass percentage: wheat bran 20%, gypsum 1%, light calcium carbonate 1%, magnesium oxide 0.2%, ferrous sulfate heptahydrate 0.01%, magnesium sulfate 0.2%, sodium chloride 0.2%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.2%, and the remaining amount is supplemented by Pennisetum giganteum and Miscanthus floridulus, where the mass ratio of Pennisetum giganteum to Miscanthus floridulus is 20:57.2; adjust the water content to 65%.

[0031] Taking the long tube mushroom bag with a wet weight of 2100g as an example, the fresh weight of the first flush of mushrooms is 65 - 80g / bag, the fresh weight of the second flush of mushrooms is 40 - 60g / bag, and the fresh weight of the third flush of mushrooms is 25 - 45g / bag.

[0032] Figure 7 Figure shows the mycelial growth of Ganoderma tropicum GtJC215 in solid original strain media containing different Juncao. From left to right, the Juncao in the media are Themeda villosa, Cortaderia selloana, Neyraudia reynaudiana, Paspalum scrobiculatum, Paspalum wettsteinii, Saccharum spontaneum, Silphium perfoliatum, Pennisetum purpureum, Pennisetum pedicellatum, Pennisetum purpureum, Pennisetum giganteum, Miscanthus floridulus, Pennisetum americanum × P. purpureum, Arundo donax, Setaria sphacelata cv. Kazungula, Cymbopogon citratus, Brachiaria eruciformis, Thysanolaena latifolia, Elymus dahuricus, Sorghum propinquum. The results show that Ganoderma tropicum GtJC215 can grow in all 20 tested media.

[0033] Prepare the mother strain, solid original strain, and mycelial culture of Ganoderma tropicum GtJC215 and Ganoderma lucidum G0801 according to the conventional method. Move the mushroom bag with mature mycelium development into the mushroom shed for mushroom fruiting management. During mushroom fruiting management, the temperature is 38 - 40°C, the air relative humidity is 70 - 90%, provide scattered light and sufficient oxygen, observe the mushroom fruiting situation and compare it with GtJC215, and the results are as Figure 8 shown. Ganoderma tropicum GtJC215 can still normally fruit with excellent appearance and low pollution rate even under high temperature conditions of about 38 - 40°C.

[0034] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention. All equivalent changes and modifications made according to the scope of the patent application of the present invention shall fall within the scope covered by the present invention.

Claims

1. A new strain of Ganoderma tropicum, characterized in that: The new strain of Ganoderma tropicum is named Ganoderma tropicum ( Ganoderma tropicum ) GtJC215, which was deposited at the China Center for Type Culture Collection on September 13, 2022, with the deposit number CCTCC NO: M 20221411 and the deposit address at No. 299, Bayi Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan City, Hubei Province.

2. A cultivation method of the new Ganoderma tropicum strain as described in claim 1, characterized in that: It includes the following steps: S1: Inoculate the new strain of Ganoderma tropicum into a test tube containing the mother culture medium, and conduct dark cultivation in an incubator at 24 - 28°C until the mycelium fills the test tube to obtain the mother culture; S2: Inoculate the mother culture into a plastic bag containing the solid original culture medium, and conduct dark cultivation in an incubator at 20 - 28°C until the mycelium fills the plastic bag to obtain the original culture; or inoculate the mother culture into a shaking flask containing the liquid original culture medium, and conduct dark cultivation on a shaker at a temperature of 20 - 28°C and a rotation speed of 120 - 160 rpm until hyphal pellets appear to obtain the original culture; S3: Inoculate the original culture into a plastic bag containing the cultivation material, and conduct dark cultivation in a cultivation room at a temperature of 20 - 28°C and a relative air humidity of 70% - 80% until the mycelium fills the plastic bag; transfer the plastic bag with mature mycelium development to the mushroom shed for fruiting management. During fruiting management, the mycelium is in full contact with the air, the temperature in the shed is 27 - 35°C, the relative air humidity is 70% - 90%, and scattered light and sufficient oxygen are provided in the shed, and cultivate until the fruiting body matures.

3. The cultivation method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The formula of the mother culture medium is calculated by mass percentage as follows: potato flour 4% - 8%, glucose 1% - 3%, sucrose 0.5% - 1%, agar powder 1.5% - 3%, fish meal 0.1% - 0.5%, yeast extract powder 0.1% - 0.3%, ferrous sulfate heptahydrate 0.001% - 0.01%, magnesium sulfate 0.1% - 0.2%, calcium sulfate heptahydrate 0.2% - 0.5%, sodium chloride 0.1% - 0.2%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate or dipotassium hydrogen phosphate 0.1% - 0.2%, and the balance is water.

4. The cultivation method according to claim 2, wherein: The formula of the solid original culture medium is calculated by mass percentage as follows: wheat 15% - 30%, sorghum 15% - 30%, cottonseed hull 15% - 30%, corncob 15% - 30%, wheat bran 5% - 10%, molasses 0.1% - 0.5%, fish meal 0.1% - 0.5%, gypsum 0.5% - 1.5%, light calcium carbonate 0.5% - 1.5%, magnesium oxide 0.2% - 0.5%, ferrous sulfate heptahydrate 0.002% - 0.02%, magnesium sulfate 0.1% - 0.2%, sodium chloride 0.1% - 0.2%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate or dipotassium hydrogen phosphate 0.1% - 0.2%, and the balance is supplemented with mushroom grass; adjust the water content to 55% - 65%.

5. The cultivation method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The mushroom grass is any one or more of Miscanthus japonicus, Cortaderia selloana, Neyraudia reynaudiana, Paspalum scrobiculatum, Paspalum wettsteinii, Saccharum spontaneum, Silphium perfoliatum, Pennisetum purpureum, Pennisetum pedicellatum, Pennisetum giganteum, Miscanthus floridulus, Pennisetum americanum×P. purpureum, Arundo donax, Setaria sphacelata, Brachiaria eruciformis, Sorghum propinquum, Dicranopteris dichotoma.

6. The cultivation method according to claim 2, wherein: The formula of the liquid original culture medium is calculated by mass percentage as follows: potato flour 1% - 3%, glucose 1% - 3%, sucrose 0.5% - 1%, peptone 0.1% - 0.5%, yeast extract powder 0.1% - 0.3%, ferrous sulfate heptahydrate 0.001% - 0.01%, magnesium sulfate 0.1% - 0.2%, calcium sulfate heptahydrate 0.1% - 0.2%, sodium chloride 0.1% - 0.2%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate or dipotassium hydrogen phosphate 0.1% - 0.2%, and the balance is water.

7. The cultivation method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The formula of the cultivation material is as follows by mass percentage: wheat bran or rice bran 10% - 20%, gypsum 0.5% - 1.5%, light calcium carbonate 0.5% - 1.5%, magnesium oxide 0.1% - 0.2%, ferrous sulfate heptahydrate 0.002% - 0.02%, magnesium sulfate 0.1% - 0.2%, sodium chloride 0.1% - 0.2%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate or dipotassium hydrogen phosphate 0.1% - 0.2%, and the rest is supplemented by Juncao; adjust the water content to 55% - 65%.

8. The cultivation method according to claim 7, characterized in that: The Juncao is any one or more of Miscanthus japonicus, Cortaderia selloana, Neyraudia reynaudiana, Paspalum scrobiculatum, Paspalum wettsteinii, Saccharum spontaneum, Silphium perfoliatum, Pennisetum purpureum, Pennisetum purpureum cv. Mott, Pennisetum purpureum, Pennisetum giganteum, Miscanthus floridulus, Pennisetum americanum×P. purpureum, Arundo donax, Setaria sphacelata cv. Kasongululu, Brachiaria eruciformis, Sorghum propinquum, Dicranopteris dichotoma.

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