Photovoltaic smoke exhaust integrated tunnel detection device

Abstract

The invention discloses a photovoltaic smoke exhaust integrated tunnel detection device. The device comprises a tunnel main body; the smoke exhaust system is positioned at the top of the tunnel main body; the monitoring system is positioned in the tunnel main body; wherein the operation parameters of the smoke exhaust system are adjusted according to the feedback of the detection system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of tunnel smoke exhaust, and particularly relates to a tunnel detection device integrating photovoltaic power generation and smoke exhaust. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, with the aggravation of urban traffic congestion problems, the construction scale and quantity of urban road tunnels in China have increased rapidly, and China has become the country with the largest tunnel scale, the largest number of tunnels, and the fastest technology development in the world. Although building long tunnels or extra-long tunnels can significantly improve traffic operation efficiency, it also brings challenges to disaster prevention and rescue in tunnel fire conditions. Generally, smoke exhaust facilities need to be set when the closed section length of a tunnel exceeds 500 meters. The traditional mechanical smoke exhaust scheme not only increases the construction cost, but also increases the maintenance cost due to the equipped smoke exhaust fans. The natural ventilation and natural smoke exhaust schemes are gradually popularized in long tunnels in China. Such tunnels meet the ventilation and smoke exhaust requirements inside the tunnel by setting ventilation and smoke exhaust openings at the top and using decentralized emissions. For example, more than 20 ventilation shafts are set in the semi-open section of the Baixia Road Tunnel (890 meters) and the Longpan Middle Road Tunnel (1410 meters) in Nanjing, which is the first application of the top opening design in urban tunnels in China. The Beizhai Road Underpass (1480 meters of the buried section) in Shanghai sets exhaust openings in the central isolation belt of the road surface, with a spacing of about 10-15 meters, and the opening area accounts for about 5.0% of the ground area. 61 natural smoke exhaust openings are set throughout the Wukang Avenue Tunnel (1646 meters of the buried section), and the opening area accounts for about 6% of the ground area. With the promotion of national policies and the enhancement of the preliminary planning awareness of major cities, the natural smoke exhaust method with top openings shows good application prospects in long tunnels. In order to prevent rain, some tunnels are provided with open canopies above the structural openings, but the setting of the canopies has an adverse effect on ventilation and smoke exhaust.

[0003] At present, there are few regulations on natural smoke exhaust in tunnel codes, especially the lack of clear basis for the area of natural smoke exhaust openings. Although the civil building code stipulates parameters such as the area of smoke exhaust openings, since the fire scale in tunnels is usually larger than that in buildings, and tunnels have the characteristics of being long and narrow, the relevant content of the civil building code cannot be fully applied to tunnels. Therefore, there is no scientific basis for the opening area of tunnel natural smoke exhaust devices.

[0004] In addition, as an important part of urban traffic, the energy consumption and carbon emission problems of tunnels have also attracted much attention. Traditional tunnel systems rely on a large number of lighting and ventilation equipment, with high energy consumption and large carbon emissions. To achieve the "dual carbon" goal, solar photovoltaic power generation has gradually been applied in tunnels and achieved certain results. However, urban traffic tunnels are mostly located underground in the core areas of cities, and highway tunnels mostly pass through mountains, resulting in limited areas for the layout of photovoltaic power generation devices, mainly concentrated in small areas at the tunnel entrances, and the power generation is limited. At the same time, transmitting power into the tunnel through long-distance cables also increases energy losses.

[0005] How to solve the coordinated optimization of natural smoke exhaust and photovoltaic power generation in tunnels and promote the green and intelligent development of tunnel construction is a technical problem that needs to be solved urgently in this field. Summary of the invention

[0006] The present invention aims to provide a photovoltaic smoke exhaust integrated tunnel detection device, which can effectively solve the problems existing in the prior art.

[0007] According to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a photovoltaic smoke exhaust integrated tunnel detection device, comprising: a tunnel body; a smoke exhaust system located at the top of the tunnel body; a monitoring system located inside the tunnel body; wherein the operating parameters of the smoke exhaust system are adjusted according to feedback from the detection system.

[0008] Preferably, the smoke exhaust system comprises a plurality of plates provided with opening areas and a plurality of natural smoke exhaust hoods, wherein at least one group of protruding structures are provided on the first opposite sides of the plates, and at least one group of brackets are provided on the first opposite sides protruding from the plates, the brackets are used to engage with at least one group of longitudinal beams located on both sides of the tunnel body, and the protruding structures are used to prevent ground water from entering the interior of the tunnel through the opening areas after the plates are engaged with both sides of the tunnel; and at least one group of bolt holes are provided on the second opposite sides of the plates for fixing and installing the natural smoke exhaust hoods.

[0009] Preferably, the natural smoke exhaust canopy comprises at least one group of three Y-shaped steel frame rib structures and a transparent sunlight panel, and the three Y-shaped steel frame rib structures are engaged with the bolt holes.

[0010] Preferably, each Y-shaped steel frame rib structure comprises a support column, side wings on both sides and a connecting shaft connecting the support column and the side wings, wherein the first side wing is connected to the outer shaft of the connecting shaft, the second side wing is connected to the inner shaft of the connecting shaft, and the support column is engaged with the bolt hole; the three Y-shaped steel frame rib structures are located in the same straight line, the first side wing and the second side wing of the Y-shaped steel frame rib structure located in the middle position are symmetrically arranged, and the first side wing and the second side wing of the Y-shaped steel frame rib structure located at the two side positions are asymmetrically arranged, the side wings of the Y-shaped steel frame rib structure at adjacent positions have overlapping intersections in the horizontal projection direction, and the side wings of the Y-shaped steel frame rib structure located at the two side positions have overlapping intersections with the protruding structure in the horizontal projection direction.

[0011] Preferably, motors are arranged on both sides of each Y-shaped steel frame rib structure, the first motor is connected to the outer shaft of the connecting shaft, and the second motor is connected to the inner shaft of the connecting shaft, and the side wings are moved around the connecting shaft by the control of the motors.

[0012] Preferably, a plurality of transparent sun panels are arranged on the upper surface of each Y-shaped steel frame rib structure, and a solar photovoltaic panel is screwed on the upper part of the transparent sun panel. The electricity generated by the solar photovoltaic panel is transmitted to the power-consuming device through the controller and the well network inverter. When there is surplus power generation, the surplus electricity is stored in the power storage device through the controller.

[0013] Preferably, the monitoring system includes a temperature testing system, a flue gas flow field monitoring system, a distance measuring system, a video recording system and a central control system.

[0014] Preferably, the temperature testing system is composed of a thermocouple and a data acquisition device, and the thermocouple is arranged at the central axis position of the tunnel body from directly above the fire source to the tunnel exit; the smoke flow field monitoring system includes a laser polarization light source, which is arranged at the entrance of the tunnel to trace the movement effect and visibility of the fire smoke; the distance measuring system is placed on the Y-shaped steel frame rib structure, including a sending device and a receiving device, which are used to measure the distance between the flanks of adjacent Y-shaped steel frame rib structures or between the flanks of the Y-shaped steel frame rib structure and the plate protrusion structure; the video recording system is composed of a digital camera; the central control system adjusts the rotation of the motor by centrally processing the temperature and visibility information to adjust the distance between the flanks of adjacent Y-shaped steel frame rib structures or between the flanks of the Y-shaped steel frame rib structure and the plate protrusion structure, thereby adjusting the size of the open area.

[0015] Preferably, it also includes a fire source simulation device, which is composed of a burner, a gas tank, a pressure reducing valve, a rotor flowmeter and a copper tube. The fire source size is controlled by adjusting the opening size of the pressure reducing valve and the rotor flowmeter valve to adjust the gas flow.

[0016] Preferably, smoke-proof pads are provided at positions where the panels contact each other.

[0017] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a tunnel detection device that integrates photovoltaic smoke exhaust. Specifically, in view of the situation where an opening is set at the top of the tunnel, the influence of the opening size of the natural smoke exhaust canopy at the top of the tunnel on the smoke exhaust effect is studied. When the smoke exhaust effect does not meet the demand, the opening size of the canopy is adjusted in a linked manner through the monitoring device set in the tunnel, so as to obtain the optimal opening parameters that meet the natural smoke exhaust needs of the tunnel. At the same time, solar photovoltaic panels are intensively laid on the surface of the natural smoke exhaust canopy of the tunnel, and solar power generation is used to power other equipment in the tunnel to achieve energy conservation and reduce tunnel operating costs. The present invention aims to solve the problem of coordinated optimization of natural smoke exhaust and photovoltaic power generation in tunnels, and promote the green and intelligent development of tunnel construction. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] The accompanying drawings described herein are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention and form a part of this application. The schematic embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute an improper limitation to the present invention.

[0019] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a tunnel detection device integrating photovoltaic power generation and smoke exhaust according to the present invention.

[0020] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the tunnel main structure of a tunnel detection device integrating photovoltaic power generation and smoke exhaust according to the present invention.

[0021] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the cross-section structure of the natural smoke exhaust canopy of a tunnel detection device integrating photovoltaic power generation and smoke exhaust according to the present invention.

[0022] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the plane structure (top view) of a tunnel detection device integrating photovoltaic power generation and smoke exhaust according to the present invention.

[0023] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the plate of the open structure of a tunnel detection device integrating photovoltaic power generation and smoke exhaust according to the present invention.

[0024] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the cross-section of the connecting shaft and the two side wing structures of the Y-shaped steel frame rib structure of a tunnel detection device integrating photovoltaic power generation and smoke exhaust according to the present invention.

[0025] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the connecting shaft structure of the Y-shaped steel frame rib structure (top view) of a tunnel detection device integrating photovoltaic power generation and smoke exhaust according to the present invention.

[0026] Figure 8 It is a composition diagram of the fire source simulation device system of a tunnel detection device integrating photovoltaic power generation and smoke exhaust according to the present invention.

[0027] Figure 9 It is a composition diagram of the solar photovoltaic power generation system of a tunnel detection device integrating photovoltaic power generation and smoke exhaust according to the present invention.

[0028] Figure 10 It is a schematic diagram of the bolt connection between the Y-shaped steel frame rib structure and the plate of the open structure of a tunnel detection device integrating photovoltaic power generation and smoke exhaust according to the present invention.

[0029] Figure 11 It is a schematic diagram of the bolt connection between the solar photovoltaic panel and the transparent sunlight panel of a tunnel detection device integrating photovoltaic power generation and smoke exhaust according to the present invention.

[0030] Figure 12Schematic diagram (cross-sectional view) of temperature measurement point layout of a tunnel detection device monitoring system for photovoltaic smoke exhaust integration according to the present invention.

[0031] Figure 13 Schematic diagram (side view) of measurement point layout of a tunnel detection device monitoring system for photovoltaic smoke exhaust integration according to the present invention.

[0032] In the figure: 1 - tunnel main body, 2 - natural smoke exhaust canopy, 3 - universal wheel, 4 - plate with open structure, 5 - symmetric structure, 6 - longitudinal beam, 7 - fire source simulation device, 8 - controller, 9 - power storage device, 10 - well network inverter, 11 - connecting cable, 12 - burner, 13 - gas cylinder, 14 - copper pipe, 15 - pressure reducing valve, 16 - rotameter, 17 - thermocouple, 18 - laser light source, 19 - screwed installation method 1, 20 - opening, 21 - tunnel floor, 22 - rear side, 23 - front side, 24 - bolt hole, 25 - screwed installation method 2, 26 - asymmetric structure 1, 27 - asymmetric structure 2, 28 - open area, 29 - drain pipe, 30 - transparent sunlight board, 31 - solar photovoltaic panel, 32 - fireproof board, 33 - outer shaft of connecting shaft, 34 - inner shaft of connecting shaft, 35 - left flank, 36 - right flank, 37 - opening of outer shaft of connecting shaft, 38 - left motor, 39 - right motor, 40 - emitting device, 41 - receiving device, 42 - convex structure, 43 - smoke prevention pad, 44 - support column, 45 - pulley car, 46 - digital camera. Specific implementation manners

[0033] It should be noted that, without conflict, the embodiments in the present application and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other. The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings and in combination with the embodiments.

[0034] According to an embodiment of the present invention, a tunnel detection device integrating photovoltaic and smoke exhaust is provided, including: a tunnel main body; a smoke exhaust system located at the top of the tunnel main body; a monitoring system located inside the tunnel main body; wherein, the operating parameters of the smoke exhaust system are adjusted according to the feedback of the detection system. The smoke exhaust system includes a plurality of plates provided with an opening area, wherein at least one set of convex structures is provided on the first opposite side of the plate, and at least one set of brackets protruding from the first opposite side of the plate is provided, and the brackets are used to engage with at least one set of longitudinal beams on both sides of the tunnel main body, and the convex structures are used to prevent ground water from entering the tunnel interior through the opening area after the plate is joined to both sides of the tunnel; at least one set of bolt holes is provided on the second opposite side of the plate for fixedly installing a natural smoke exhaust canopy. The natural smoke exhaust canopy includes at least one set of three Y-shaped steel frame rib structures and transparent sunlight panels, and the three Y-shaped steel frame rib structures are joined to the bolt holes. Each of the Y-shaped steel frame rib structures includes a support column, two side wings on both sides, and a connecting shaft connecting the support column and the side wings, wherein the first side wing is connected to the outer shaft of the connecting shaft, the second side wing is connected to the inner shaft of the connecting shaft, and the support column is joined to the bolt hole; the three Y-shaped steel frame rib structures are located on the same straight line, the first side wing and the second side wing of the Y-shaped steel frame rib structure located in the middle position are symmetrically arranged, the first side wing and the second side wing of the Y-shaped steel frame rib structures located on both sides are asymmetrically arranged, the side wings of adjacent Y-shaped steel frame rib structures have overlapping intersections in the horizontal projection direction, and the side wings of the Y-shaped steel frame rib structures located on both sides have overlapping intersections with the convex structures in the horizontal projection direction. Motors are provided on both sides of each of the Y-shaped steel frame rib structures, the first motor is connected to the outer shaft of the connecting shaft, the second motor is connected to the inner shaft of the connecting shaft, and the side wings are controlled to move around the connecting shaft through the control of the motors. A plurality of transparent sunlight panels are provided on the upper surface of each of the Y-shaped steel frame rib structures, and solar photovoltaic panels are screwed on the upper part of the transparent sunlight panels. The electricity generated by the solar photovoltaic panels is transmitted to the electrical device through a controller and a well network inverter. When there is surplus electricity generation, the surplus electricity is stored in a power storage device through the controller. The monitoring system includes a temperature testing system, a smoke flow field monitoring system, a ranging system, a video recording system, and a central control system.The temperature test system consists of a thermocouple and a data acquisition device. The thermocouple is arranged at the central axis position of the tunnel main body from directly above the fire source to the tunnel exit. The smoke flow field monitoring system includes a laser light source, which is arranged at the entrance of the tunnel to show the movement effect and visibility of the tracer fire smoke. The ranging system is placed on the Y-shaped steel frame rib structure and includes a transmitting device and a receiving device for measuring the distance between the flanks of adjacent Y-shaped steel frame rib structures or between the flank of the Y-shaped steel frame rib structure and the plate convex structure. The video system consists of a digital camera. The central control system adjusts the rotation of the motor by centrally processing the temperature and visibility information to adjust the distance between the flanks of adjacent Y-shaped steel frame rib structures or between the flank of the Y-shaped steel frame rib structure and the plate convex structure, thereby adjusting the size of the opening area. It also includes a fire source simulation device, which consists of a burner, a gas cylinder, a pressure reducing valve, a rotameter and a copper pipe. The gas flow is controlled by adjusting the opening size of the pressure reducing valve and the valve of the rotameter, thereby controlling the size of the fire source. A smoke-proof pad is provided at the position where the plates are in contact with each other.

[0035] As another embodiment of the present invention, the three Y-shaped steel frame rib structures are respectively marked as Y1, Y2 and Y3. The two flanks of each Y-shaped steel frame rib structure are respectively L 1a ,L 1b ,L 2a, L 2b, and L 3a ,L 3b , where the a side is the first flank and the b side is the second flank. The coordination relationship needs to consider the following aspects.

[0036] The two flanks L 2a and L 2b of the middle Y2 should be symmetrically adjusted, while the flanks of the two side Y1 and Y3 should be asymmetrically adjusted to ensure the stability of the flow field and the effective guidance of the smoke. There is an overlap and intersection between the flanks. When adjusting, the interaction of the overlapping part must be considered, which affects the fluidity of the opening area.

[0037] The goal of setting the flank adjustment is to control the angle θ of the flank of each Y-shaped steel frame rib structure to adjust the size of the opening area according to the feedback data such as temperature, smoke flow field, visibility, etc. The angle adjustment of each flank can be expressed by the following geometric relationship: θ i (t)=θ i0 +Δθ i (t).

[0038] Among them, i = 1, 2, 3 corresponds to the flank, t is the time, θ i0 is the initial angle, and Δθ i(t) is the adjustment amount calculated by the control system. Based on these angular adjustments, the exhaust effect can be described by the flue gas flow equation: Q(t) = C·Σ(A i ·sin(θ i (t))). Where, Q(t) is the flue gas flow rate, C is a constant, A i is the effective cross-sectional area of each flank, and θ i (t) is the adjustment angle of each flank.

[0039] Flank adjustment strategy

[0040] (1) According to the feedback of the monitoring system, adjust the distance between the flanks of the adjacent Y-shaped steel frame rib structure. Assume that the position of each flank is represented by the following formula: x i (t) = x i0 + Δx i (t). Where, x i (t) is the displacement of each flank, x i0 is the initial position, and Δx i (t) is the adjustment amount.

[0041] (2) To ensure the synergy effect, the adjustment amount should meet the following conditions:

[0042] a. For the symmetric Y2, the adjustment amounts of its two flanks should be equal, that is: Δx 2a (t) = Δx 2b (t)

[0043] b. For the asymmetric Y1 and Y3, the adjustment amounts of their two flanks should be adjusted differently according to the feedback of the flue gas flow field, satisfying: Δx 1a (t) ≠ Δx 1b (t), Δx 3a (t) ≠ Δx 3b (t).

[0044] (3) Adjustment rate and feedback: According to the data such as temperature and flue gas concentration feedback by the control system, the control system adjusts the angle or displacement of each flank through the motor to optimize the fluidity of the opening area. The adjustment rate of each flank can be expressed by the following formula: Where, k i is the adjustment rate coefficient, and f i (t) is the feedback function, representing the comprehensive influence of factors such as temperature, flue gas flow field, and visibility.

[0045] Considering comprehensively the adjustment amount, relative position, flue gas flow rate, etc. of the flanks, the coordinated adjustment of the flanks can be expressed by the following joint equation: Q(t) = C·Σ(A i ·sin(θ i (t))·Δxi (t)). Where Q(t) is the flue gas flow rate, θ i (t) is the angle of the flank, Δx i (t) is the displacement of the wing, A i is the effective cross-sectional area of each wing.

[0046] The above displacement refers to the distance from the support column in the horizontal projection direction.

[0047] Symmetric and asymmetric coordinated regulation

[0048] The symmetric adjustment of the middle Y2 maintains the symmetry of the flow field, and the asymmetric adjustment of the Y1 / Y3 on both sides compensates for local disturbances, forming a composite control mode of "center stability + edge flexibility". Through the interactive modeling of overlapping cross structures, the conflict of wing movements is avoided, the generation of vortices is reduced, and the smoke flow is smoother. In addition, multi-parameter feedback closed-loop control realizes real-time dynamic matching. The above model breaks through the limitations of traditional single variable control and realizes high-fidelity mapping of the three-dimensional space flow field.

[0049] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a photovoltaic smoke exhaust integrated tunnel detection device and test method. Specifically, in view of the situation where an opening is set at the top of the tunnel, the influence of the opening size of the natural smoke exhaust canopy set at the top of the tunnel on the smoke exhaust effect is studied. When the smoke exhaust effect does not meet the demand, the opening size of the canopy is adjusted in conjunction with the monitoring device set in the tunnel, so as to obtain the optimal opening parameters that meet the natural smoke exhaust requirements of the tunnel. At the same time, solar photovoltaic panels are intensively laid on the surface of the tunnel's natural smoke exhaust canopy, and solar power generation is used to power other equipment in the tunnel, so as to achieve energy conservation and reduce tunnel operating costs.

[0050] The specific technical solution of the present invention is a photovoltaic smoke exhaust integrated tunnel detection device and test method, which is characterized by comprising: a tunnel body 1, a natural smoke exhaust canopy 2, a solar photovoltaic power generation system, a fire source simulation device 7 and a matching monitoring system.

[0051] The main frame of the tunnel is a metal frame, the tunnel floor 21 and the rear side 22 are steel plates, and the front side 23 adopts an openable transparent fireproof glass. The fire source simulation device 7 can be replaced in time by opening the fireproof glass. The transparent fireproof glass can be used to conveniently observe the flow of smoke when a fire occurs in the tunnel. The top of the tunnel body is composed of a plurality of open structure plates 4. Universal wheels 3 are installed at the bottom of the tunnel body to flexibly adjust the position of the tunnel body 1.

[0052] An opening area 20 is provided on the plate 4 with an open structure. Bolt holes 13 are provided on the two longitudinal beams 6 of the tunnel main body and the brackets at both ends of the plate, and the spacing and size of the holes are the same, so as to facilitate the installation of the plate 4 on the longitudinal beam 6 from top to bottom. Bolt holes 24 are provided in the upper part of the plate 4 to be used for screwing and fixing the Y-shaped steel frame rib structure of the natural smoke exhaust canopy according to 25. Raised structures 42 are provided on both sides of the plate 4 to simulate a water retaining wall to prevent the ground water on both sides of the tunnel from entering the tunnel through the opening of the ventilation and smoke exhaust port in rainy and snowy weather.

[0053] The natural smoke exhaust canopy includes at least one group consisting of three Y-shaped steel frame rib structures and transparent sunlight panels. The Y-shaped steel frame rib structures are installed on the upper part of the plate 4 with an open structure according to 25. Among them, the middle Y-shaped steel frame rib structure 5 is a symmetric structure, and the Y-shaped steel frame rib structures 26 and 27 on both sides are asymmetric structures. The three Y-shaped steel frame rib structures Figure 3 form an open area 28 with each other for the daily ventilation and fire smoke exhaust of the tunnel. The three Y-shaped steel frame rib structures form an overlapping area horizontally with each other to prevent rain from entering the tunnel and affecting traffic. Drain pipes 29 are provided on all three Y-shaped steel frame rib structures. In rainy and snowy weather, water can flow along the drain pipes to a safe position. A number of transparent sunlight panels 30 are provided on the upper surfaces of the three Y-shaped steel frame rib structures, which increases the permeability of the landscape while meeting the use functions. The solar photovoltaic panel 31 is screwed on the upper part of the transparent sunlight panel 30 according to method 19. A fireproof board 32 is provided between the transparent sunlight panel and the solar photovoltaic panel to prevent damage to the solar photovoltaic device under fire conditions.

[0054] Each Y-shaped steel frame rib structure is composed of a connecting shaft, side wings on both sides and a support column 44. Among them, the left side wing 35 is connected to the outer shaft 33 of the connecting shaft, and the right side wing 36 passes through the opening 37 of the outer shaft 33 of the connecting shaft and is connected to the inner shaft 34 of the connecting shaft. The support column 44 is screwed and fixed on the upper part of the plate 4 with an open structure according to 25. Motors are provided on both sides of the Y-shaped steel frame rib structure. Among them, the right motor 39 is connected to the outer shaft 33 of the connecting shaft, and the left motor 38 is connected to the inner shaft 34 of the connecting shaft. By controlling the motors, the side wings can rotate around the middle connecting shaft as needed, so as to flexibly adjust the size of the open area 28.

[0055] The solar photovoltaic power generation system consists of a solar photovoltaic panel 31, a controller 8, a power storage device 9, a well network inverter 10 and connecting cables 11. The electricity generated by the solar photovoltaic panel 31 is transmitted to the electrical device through the controller 8 and the well network inverter 10. When there is surplus power generation, the surplus power is stored in the power storage device 9 through the controller 8.

[0056] The fire source simulation device 7 is composed of six parts: a burner 12, a gas tank 13, a pressure reducing valve 15, a rotameter 16, and a copper pipe 14. The function of the pressure reducing valve 15 is to regulate the air pressure. The gas flow rate is adjusted by adjusting the opening size of the pressure reducing valve 15 and the rotameter 16, thereby controlling the size of the fire source.

[0057] The monitoring system includes a temperature and smoke flow field monitoring system, a ranging system, a video recording system, and a central control system. The temperature test system consists of a thermocouple 17 and a data acquisition device. The thermocouples are respectively placed at the central axis positions of the tunnel main body 1 from directly above the fire source to the tunnel exit. The smoke flow field monitoring system includes a laser light source 18, which is placed at the entrance of the tunnel and can trace the movement effect and visibility of the fire smoke. The ranging system is placed on the Y-shaped steel frame rib structure and includes a transmitting device 40 and a receiving device 41, which are used to measure the distance between the flanks of adjacent Y-shaped steel frame rib structures or between the flank of the Y-shaped steel frame rib structure and the plate convex structure. The product of this distance and the total length of the awning can calculate the total opening size, and the quotient of this size and the total area of the tunnel floor is the open rate of natural smoke exhaust. The video recording system consists of a digital camera 46 and is placed on one side of the fireproof glass. The central control system adjusts the rotation of motors 38 and 39 by centrally processing temperature and visibility information to adjust the distance between the flanks of adjacent Y-shaped steel frame rib structures, thereby adjusting the size of the open area 28.

[0058] Smoke-proof pads 43 are provided at the positions where the plates 4 of the open structure are in contact with each other. When bolted, it can effectively prevent smoke leakage during the simulation experiment of the model.

[0059] The following further describes the specific implementation manners of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0060] As Figure 1 shown, a tunnel detection device and a test method for integrating photovoltaic power generation and smoke exhaust mainly include a tunnel main body 1, a natural smoke exhaust awning 2, a solar photovoltaic power generation system, a fire source simulation device 7, and a supporting monitoring system. For daily working conditions, solar photovoltaic panels 31 are laid in the upper space of the transparent sunlight panel 30. The electricity generated by the solar photovoltaic panels 31 is transmitted to the electrical equipment in the tunnel through a controller 8 and a well network inverter 10. When there is surplus power generation, the surplus power is stored in a power storage device through the controller.

[0061] Under fire conditions, first connect the tunnel, place the fire source simulation device 7 on a remotely controllable pulley 45, fix the fire source simulation device at a certain position through remote control, adjust the rotor flowmeter 16 to reach a certain flow rate, so that the fire source burns at a certain fire source heat release rate, and first open the natural smoke exhaust hood 2 on the top of the tunnel with a certain opening size, obtain the temperature in the tunnel through the thermocouple 17 and the data acquisition device in the tunnel, and obtain the movement effect and visibility of the fire smoke through the laser polarized light source 18 in the tunnel to verify whether the temperature and visibility in the tunnel meet the requirements (this time, the temperature value at a height of 2m outside the range of 300m of the fire source must be less than 60°C, and the visibility must be greater than 10m as the standard). If it does not meet the requirements, the rotation of motors 38 and 39 is remotely controlled by the central control system to adjust the distance between the adjacent Y-shaped steel frame rib structure flanks or between the Y-shaped steel frame rib structure flanks and the plate protrusion structure, thereby adjusting the size of the open area 28 until the temperature and visibility in the tunnel meet the requirements. The distance between the adjacent Y-shaped steel frame rib structure flanks or the distance between the Y-shaped steel frame rib structure flanks and the plate convex structure is measured by the transmitting device 40 and the receiving device 41 of the distance measuring system. Assuming that the total width of the open area 28 of all Y-shaped steel frame rib structures is d (i.e. Figure 3 d=d1+d2+d3+d4), the total length of the tunnel is L, the width of the tunnel is B, and the natural smoke exhaust exposure rate that satisfies the fire source heat release rate is calculated as d*L / (B*L)=d / B. Ensure that other variables are unique, remotely control the change of the fire source position and the change of the fire source heat release rate by changing the gas flow rate in turn, repeat the above steps again, record each smoke exhaust effect and corresponding parameters respectively, obtain the natural smoke exhaust exposure parameters under the best smoke exhaust effect of each working condition, and promote the experimental conclusions to practical engineering applications.

[0062] Effects of the Invention

[0063] 1. In the case of an opening at the top of the tunnel, the influence of the opening size of the natural smoke exhaust canopy at the top of the tunnel on the smoke exhaust effect is studied. When the smoke exhaust effect does not meet the requirements, the opening size of the canopy is adjusted through the monitoring device set up in the tunnel, so as to obtain the optimal opening parameters that meet the natural smoke exhaust requirements of the tunnel.

[0064] 2. The present invention intensively lays solar photovoltaic panels on the surface of the tunnel's natural smoke exhaust hood, and uses solar power generation to power other equipment in the tunnel, so as to achieve energy conservation and reduce tunnel operation costs.

[0065] 3. The monitoring system equipped in the present invention is advanced and complete. The data of temperature, flue gas flow field monitoring system, video recording system, etc. can be recorded, observed and analyzed in real time.

[0066] 4. The fuel used in the present invention is a clean energy source, which is environmentally friendly, pollution-free, burns fully, has a stable fire source, low danger, and has no adverse stimulation to experimental personnel.

[0067] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention may have various modifications and changes. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A tunnel detection device integrating photovoltaic and smoke exhaust, characterized in that, Including: Tunnel main body; A smoke exhaust system located at the top of the tunnel main body; A monitoring system located inside the tunnel main body; Wherein, the operating parameters of the smoke exhaust system are adjusted according to the feedback of the detection system.

2. The tunnel detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The smoke exhaust system includes a plurality of plates provided with opening areas and a plurality of natural smoke exhaust canopy structures. Among them, At least one set of convex structures is provided on the first opposite side of the plate, and at least one set of brackets protruding from the first opposite side of the plate is provided. The brackets are used to engage with at least one set of longitudinal beams located on both sides of the tunnel main body. The convex structures are used to prevent ground water from entering the tunnel interior through the opening area after the plate is joined to both sides of the tunnel; At least one set of bolt holes is provided on the second opposite side of the plate for fixedly installing the natural smoke exhaust canopy structure.

3. The tunnel detection device according to claim 2, wherein The natural smoke exhaust canopy structure includes at least one set of smoke exhaust canopy structures composed of three Y-shaped steel frame rib structures and transparent sunlight panels. The three Y-shaped steel frame rib structures are joined to the bolt holes.

4. The tunnel detection device according to claim 3, characterized in that, Each Y-shaped steel frame rib structure includes a support column, two side wings on both sides, and a connecting shaft connecting the support column and the side wings. Among them, the first side wing is connected to the outer shaft of the connecting shaft, the second side wing is connected to the inner shaft of the connecting shaft, and the support column is joined to the bolt hole; The three Y-shaped steel frame rib structures are located on the same straight line. The first side wing and the second side wing of the Y-shaped steel frame rib structure located in the middle position are symmetrically arranged. The first side wing and the second side wing of the Y-shaped steel frame rib structures located on both sides are asymmetrically arranged. The side wings of adjacent Y-shaped steel frame rib structures overlap and cross in the horizontal projection direction. The side wings of the Y-shaped steel frame rib structures located on both sides overlap and cross with the convex structures in the horizontal projection direction.

5. The tunnel detection device according to claim 4, characterized in that Motors are provided on both sides of each Y-shaped steel frame rib structure. The first motor is connected to the outer shaft of the connecting shaft, and the second motor is connected to the inner shaft of the connecting shaft. The side wings are controlled to move around the connecting shaft through the control of the motors.

6. The tunnel detection device according to claim 5, characterized in that, A plurality of transparent sunlight panels are provided on the upper surface of each Y-shaped steel frame rib structure. A solar photovoltaic panel is screwed above the transparent sunlight panel. The electricity generated by the solar photovoltaic panel is transmitted to the electrical device through a controller and a well network inverter. When there is surplus electricity generation, the surplus electricity is stored in the energy storage device through the controller.

7. The tunnel detection device according to claim 6, wherein The monitoring system includes a temperature test system, a smoke flow field monitoring system, a ranging system, a video recording system, and a central control system.

8. The tunnel detection device according to claim 7, wherein, The temperature test system is composed of a thermocouple and a data acquisition device. The thermocouple is arranged at the central axis position of the tunnel main body from directly above the fire source to the tunnel exit; The smoke flow field monitoring system includes a laser light source arranged at the entrance of the tunnel to show the movement effect and visibility of the tracer fire smoke; The ranging system is placed on the Y-shaped steel frame rib structure and includes a transmitting device and a receiving device for measuring the distance between the side wings of adjacent Y-shaped steel frame rib structures or between the side wings of the Y-shaped steel frame rib structure and the convex structure of the plate; The video recording system is composed of a digital camera; The central control system adjusts the rotation of the motor by centrally processing temperature and visibility information, so as to adjust the distance between the flanks of adjacent Y-shaped steel frame rib structures or between the flank of the Y-shaped steel frame rib structure and the plate convex structure, thereby adjusting the size of the open area.

9. The tunnel detection device according to claim 8, wherein, It also includes a fire source simulation device, which consists of a burner, a gas cylinder, a pressure reducing valve, a rotameter and a copper pipe. The gas flow is controlled by adjusting the opening size of the pressure reducing valve and the valve of the rotameter, so as to control the size of the fire source.

10. The tunnel detection device according to claim 9, characterized in that, Smoke-proof pads are provided at the positions where the plates are in contact with each other.

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