Composite material high-temperature impact test device and test method thereof

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of test devices, and particularly relates to a composite material high-temperature impact test device and a test method thereof.The composite material high-temperature impact test device comprises a shell, a heating plate, a clamp, a heat insulation plate and a cover plate, an observation opening is formed in one side of the shell, high-temperature-resistant glass is arranged at the observation opening, and a high-speed camera is arranged outside the shell; heat insulation plates are arranged at the front and rear ends of the shell; cover plates are arranged on the outer sides of the heat insulation plates; the clamp comprises a mounting plate and two bases which are perpendicular to each other, a round hole is formed in the center of the mounting plate, first mounting holes in a round array are formed in the outer side of the round hole, and the first mounting holes are used for fixing the composite target plate through bolts. The composite material target plate can be rapidly heated, the test temperature can be accurately controlled, the impact test efficiency is improved, the structure is simple, the applicability is high, and the impact failure damage process of the composite material target plate can be monitored in real time through the high-speed camera.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of test devices, and particularly relates to a high-temperature impact test device for composite materials and a test method thereof. Background Art

[0002] At present, the development and application of resin-based composite materials with light weight, high strength and high temperature resistance have become an important means to improve the weight reduction efficiency, thrust-to-weight ratio and fuel economy of aero-engines. An aero-engine is the core power component of an aircraft, and its safety is directly related to flight safety. As a key structure that encloses the fan, compressor and turbine blades, the engine casing needs to maintain integrity under extreme conditions such as high-speed rotation, high temperature and high pressure. Especially when a blade breaks or falls off, it needs to withstand debris impact, which requires the casing material to have good impact resistance at high temperatures. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out research on the impact resistance of high-temperature resin-based composite materials to provide technical support and guidance for their process optimization and structural design.

[0003] There are usually two existing heating methods for composite material target plates. One is to use a cast copper heating ring, and the projectile passes through the middle of the cast copper heating ring. The equipment is simple and the heating environment is open. The other is to put the entire composite material target plate into a heating furnace for heating. The high-temperature heating furnace is relatively large in volume, with holes opened on the cylinder body, and the bullet passes through the holes in the cylinder body to impact the target plate.

[0004] The defects of the above existing heating methods are as follows: The open heating environment of the cast copper heating ring results in low heating efficiency, large temperature fluctuations, making it difficult to accurately control the temperature, and there is also the problem of uneven heating of the composite material target plate, which is likely to have a greater impact on the test results; In order to insulate and keep warm, the traditional high-temperature heating furnace is usually a closed structure. Its advantages are fast heating, accurate control of the test temperature, and more uniform heating. However, after the bullet penetrates the target plate, it is easy to impact the high-temperature furnace, causing damage to the high-temperature furnace and making it difficult to reuse, resulting in a relatively high test cost. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Aiming at the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention aims to provide a high-temperature impact test device for composite materials and a test method thereof, which can achieve rapid heating of the composite material target plate, accurately control the test temperature, improve the impact test efficiency, have a simple structure and strong applicability, and can monitor the impact failure process of the composite material target plate in real time through a high-speed camera.

[0006] The present invention is realized through the following technical solutions.

[0007] A high-temperature impact test device for composite materials, comprising a housing, a heating plate, a fixture, a heat insulation plate, and a cover plate. An observation port is provided on one side of the housing, and a high-temperature resistant glass is arranged at the observation port. A high-speed camera is arranged outside the housing, and the high-speed camera is directly opposite the observation port. Heating plates are arranged on the other three sides of the housing except the side where the observation port is located. Heat insulation plates are arranged at the front and rear ends of the housing, and a cover plate is arranged outside the heat insulation plates. An opening for the bullet to pass through is provided in the middle of the heat insulation plate. The fixture includes a mounting plate and two bases that are perpendicular to each other. A circular hole is provided in the center of the mounting plate, and a circular array of mounting holes I is arranged outside the circular hole. The mounting holes I are used to fix the composite material target plate through bolts. One side of the mounting plate is fixed to the two bases. A notch is provided in the middle of the side of the mounting plate connected to the two bases, and the notch communicates with the circular hole. Mounting holes II are provided on the bases, and mounting holes III that cooperate with the mounting holes II are provided at the upper and lower ends of the observation port on the housing. The fixture is fixed inside the housing through bolts, mounting holes II, and mounting holes III. The notch is directly opposite the observation port, and the notch facilitates the high-speed camera to collect the impact test data of the composite material target plate. The impact test data is collected through the observation port. The heating device heats the composite material target plate through three heating plates, and heat insulation is achieved by using heat insulation plates. The heating environment is sealed through the cover plate.

[0008] Furthermore, reinforcing ribs are also provided between the mounting plate and the bases.

[0009] Furthermore, the housing is a square tube.

[0010] Furthermore, the bullet is shot into the housing from the front end and shoots out from the rear end of the housing. Considering the deviation of the bullet trajectory after impact, the opening on the heat insulation plate at the rear end of the housing is larger than the opening on the heat insulation plate at the front end of the housing.

[0011] Furthermore, slots I are provided at the front and rear ends of the housing, and the cover plate is inserted into the slots I to seal the housing.

[0012] Furthermore, slots II (not shown in the figure) are provided at the observation port, and the high-temperature resistant glass is inserted into the slots II.

[0013] A test method for a high-temperature impact test device for composite materials includes the following steps: Step 1: The fixture completes the fastening and clamping of the composite material target plate through the circular array of mounting holes I and bolts; Step 2: A thermocouple is welded at the impact center of the composite material target plate, and the thermocouple is connected to a temperature sensor; Step 3: The fixture with the composite material target plate already clamped is connected and fixed inside the housing through bolts, mounting holes II, and mounting holes III; Step 4: The heat insulation plates are placed at both ends of the housing, positioning pieces are installed inside one side of the housing to fix the heat insulation plates, and the cover plate is inserted into the slots I of the housing; Step 5: Turn on the switch of the heating plate and start heating. Wait until the temperature rises to the test temperature and keep it warm for a period of time. Step 6: Adjust the position of the high-speed camera to ensure that the lens is parallel to the observation port. Connect the acquisition software, set the recording frame rate, and ensure accurate exposure of the image by adjusting the exposure time and fill light. Step 7: When starting the test, pull out the cover plate, fire the bullet, and at the same time, the high-speed camera starts recording. Step 8: Check the storage status of the collected data. At the same time, the heating device stops heating. Wait until the temperature drops to a safe temperature and then take out the composite material target plate.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present invention are as follows: The present invention uses three annularly distributed heating plates to heat the composite material target plate. Before the test, the cover plate and heat insulation plate are used to ensure the enclosure and temperature stability of the heating environment, accurately control the test temperature, and achieve rapid heating of the composite material target plate, thereby improving the impact test efficiency. The bullet shoots in through the opening on the front heat insulation plate. After the bullet penetrates the composite material target plate, it directly shoots out through the opening on the rear heat insulation plate, without impacting the test device, prolonging the service life of the test device, and relatively reducing the test cost. During the impact process of removing the cover plate, the opening heat insulation plate can reduce heat loss and reduce the impact of the temperature drop of the composite material target plate contacting the outside on the test results. The observation port of the housing and the fixture base are grooved, providing a good visual field environment for the test recording of the high-speed camera and the acquisition of impact data. The present invention can achieve rapid heating of the composite material target plate, accurately control the test temperature, improve the impact test efficiency, has a simple structure and strong applicability, and can monitor the impact failure process of the composite material target plate in real time through a high-speed camera, with relatively low cost and repeatable tests. Description of the Drawings

[0015] Figure 1 is the explosion diagram of the present invention; Figure 2 is the schematic diagram of the housing structure of the present invention; Figure 3 is the schematic diagram of the heating plate structure of the present invention; Figure 4 is the schematic diagram of the fixture structure member of the present invention; Figure 5 is the schematic diagram of the composite material target plate structure of the present invention; Figure 6 is the schematic diagram of the heat insulation plate structure of the present invention; Figure 7 is the schematic diagram of the cover plate structure of the present invention; Figure 8Schematic diagram of the fixture clamping the composite material target plate of the present invention; Figure 9 Morphology diagram of the impact damage on the surface of the composite material target plate in the room temperature impact test of the present invention; Figure 10 Morphology diagram of the impact damage on the surface of the composite material target plate in the high temperature impact test of the present invention; In the figure: 1. Housing; 2. Heating plate; 3. Fixture; 4. Composite material target plate; 5. Heat insulation plate; 6. Cover plate; 7. Bolt.

[0016] 101. Observation port, 102. Mounting hole three, 103. Slot one; 301. Mounting plate, 302. Base, 303. Reinforcing rib, 3011. Round hole, 3012. Mounting hole one, 3013. Notch, 3021. Mounting hole two; 501. Opening. Specific implementation mode

[0017] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, but it is not limited to the present invention.

[0018] As Figures 1 to 8 shown, a composite material high temperature impact test device includes a housing 1, a heating plate 2, a fixture 3, a heat insulation plate 5, and a cover plate 6. An observation port 101 is opened on one side of the housing 1, and a high temperature resistant glass is provided at the observation port 101. A high speed camera is provided outside the housing 1, and the high speed camera is directly opposite to the observation port 101. Heating plates 2 are provided on the other three sides of the housing 1 except the side where the observation port 101 is provided. Heat insulation plates 5 are provided at the front and rear ends of the housing 1, a cover plate 6 is provided outside the heat insulation plates 5, and an opening 501 for passing bullets is provided in the middle of the heat insulation plates 5; The fixture 3 includes a mounting plate 301 and two bases 302 that are perpendicular to each other. A circular hole 3011 is provided at the center of the mounting plate 301. Outside the circular hole 3011, there are circular-array mounting holes 3012. The mounting holes 3012 are used to fix the composite material target plate 4 through bolts 7. One side of the mounting plate 301 is fixed to the two bases 302. A notch 3013 is provided in the middle of the side of the mounting plate 301 where it is connected to the two bases 302. The notch 3013 communicates with the circular hole 3011. Mounting holes 3021 are provided on the bases 302. Mounting holes 3021 are provided at the upper and lower ends of the observation port 101 on the housing 1, and mounting holes 3021 are provided on the housing 1. The fixture 3 is fixed inside the housing 1 through bolts 7, mounting holes 3021, and mounting holes 3021. The notch 3013 faces the observation port 101. The notch 3013 facilitates the high-speed camera to collect the impact test data of the composite material target plate 4. The impact test data is collected through the observation port 101. The heating device heats the composite material target plate 4 through three heating plates 2 and uses a heat insulation plate 5 for heat preservation. The heating environment is sealed through a cover plate 6.

[0019] Furthermore, a reinforcing rib 303 is also provided between the mounting plate 301 and the base 302.

[0020] Furthermore, the housing 1 is a square tube.

[0021] Furthermore, the bullet shoots in from the front end of the housing 1 and shoots out from the rear end of the housing 1. Considering the deviation of the bullet trajectory after impact, the opening 501 on the heat insulation plate 5 at the rear end of the housing 1 is larger than the opening 501 on the heat insulation plate 5 at the front end of the housing 1.

[0022] Furthermore, slots 103 are provided at the front and rear ends of the housing 1, and the cover plate 6 is inserted into the slots 103 to seal the housing 1.

[0023] Furthermore, the observation port 101 is provided with a slot 2 (not shown in the figure), and the high-temperature resistant glass is inserted into the slot 2. Before and after the test, it is necessary to clamp and disassemble the specimen, and adjust the position of the thermocouple in the middle of the specimen. The insertion type has a higher continuous test efficiency than the fixing methods such as using bolts.

[0024] A test method for a composite material high-temperature impact test device includes the following steps: Step 1: The fixture 3 completes the fastening and clamping of the composite material target plate 4 through the circular-array mounting holes 3012 and bolts 7; Step 2: Weld a thermocouple at the impact center of the composite material target plate 4, and the thermocouple is connected to a temperature sensor; Step 3: Connect and fix the fixture 3 with the composite material target plate 4 clamped inside the housing 1 through bolts 7, mounting holes 3021, and mounting holes 3021; Step 4: Place the heat insulation plate 5 at both ends of the housing 1. Install a positioning piece inside one side of the housing 1 to fix the heat insulation plate 5, and insert the cover plate 6 into the first slot 103 of the housing 1; the heat insulation plate 5 is an ordinary asbestos board with a relatively light mass; Step 5: Turn on the switch of the heating plate 2 to start heating. Wait until the temperature rises to the test temperature and keep it warm for a period of time; Step 6: Adjust the position of the high-speed camera to ensure that the lens is parallel to the observation port 101. Connect the acquisition software, set the recording frame rate, and ensure accurate exposure of the image by adjusting the exposure time and fill light; Step 7: When starting the test, pull out the cover plate 6, fire the bullet, and at the same time, the high-speed camera starts recording; Step 8: Check the preservation status of the collected data. At the same time, the heating device stops heating. Wait until the temperature drops to a safe temperature and take out the composite material target plate 4. Embodiment

[0025] The size of the housing of the test device is 360*370*800 mm. The length of the observation port of the housing is 400 mm and the width is 100 mm. The heat insulation plate is an asbestos board with a size of 350*340*20 mm. The opening size of the front heat insulation plate is 80*80 mm. Considering the deflection of the bullet trajectory after impact, the opening size of the rear heat insulation plate is 120*120 mm. To achieve a better heating effect, its opening is a switchable hinge structure. The test device has a simple and compact structure and low manufacturing process requirements. The specimen is a carbon fiber reinforced resin matrix composite target plate with a size of 250*250*3 mm. The high-temperature test temperature is 350 °C. The bullet speeds before and after impact are measured by a high-speed camera. Among them, the incident speed of the bullet in the room temperature test is 272.49 m / s, and the exit speed is 240.06 m / s; the incident speed of the bullet in the high-temperature test is 285.56 m / s, and the exit speed is 147.89 m / s. The impact damage morphology on the surface of the composite material target plate after the test is as Figure 9 and Figure 10 shown.

[0026] For the reliability of test data, the high-speed impact test requires the high-speed camera to set an extremely high frame rate. The actual image acquisition frame rate reaches 70,000 frames per second, and only 4 seconds of image can be recorded. This requires extremely high requirements for the test data acquisition environment. Thanks to the special notch of the specimen fixture in the test device, the specimen is not blocked. When the high-speed camera measures the bullet speed and monitors the destruction process of the specimen, its data acquisition perspective is clearer, significantly reducing the post-processing error of data caused by poor recorded images. In addition, the internal specimen fixture is a detachable structure. Without changing other structures of the heating device, only by replacing different fixtures, the test requirements for specimens of different sizes and shapes can be met, with better compatibility. While improving the test efficiency, the test cost is reduced.

[0027] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the implementation and protection scope of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, it should be realized that all the equivalent substitutions and obvious changes made by using the description and illustrations of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-temperature impact test device for composite materials, characterized in that, It includes a housing (1), a heating plate (2), a fixture (3), a heat insulation plate (5), and a cover plate (6). An observation port (101) is provided on one side of the housing (1), and a high-temperature resistant glass is arranged at the observation port (101). A high-speed camera is arranged outside the housing (1), and the high-speed camera is directly opposite to the observation port (101). Heating plates (2) are arranged on the other three sides of the housing (1) except the side where the observation port (101) is provided. Heat insulation plates (5) are arranged at the front and rear ends of the housing (1), a cover plate (6) is arranged outside the heat insulation plate (5), and an opening (501) for the bullet to pass through is provided in the middle of the heat insulation plate (5); The bullet is shot into the housing (1) from the front end and shoots out from the rear end of the housing (1). The opening (501) on the heat insulation plate (5) at the rear end of the housing (1) is larger than the opening (501) on the heat insulation plate (5) at the front end of the housing (1); The fixture (3) includes a mounting plate (301) and two bases (302) that are perpendicular to each other. A circular hole (3011) is provided at the center of the mounting plate (301), and a circular array of mounting holes one (3012) is arranged outside the circular hole (3011). The mounting holes one (3012) are used to fix the composite material target plate (4) through bolts (7). One side of the mounting plate (301) is fixed to the two bases (302). A notch (3013) is provided in the middle of the side of the mounting plate (301) connected to the two bases (302), and the notch (3013) communicates with the circular hole (3011). Mounting holes two (3021) are provided on the bases (302). Mounting holes three (102) that cooperate with the mounting holes two (3021) are provided at the upper and lower ends of the observation port (101) on the housing (1). The fixture (3) is fixed inside the housing (1) through bolts (7), the mounting holes two (3021), and the mounting holes three (102). The notch (3013) is directly opposite to the observation port (101), and the notch (3013) facilitates the high-speed camera to collect the impact test data of the composite material target plate (4).

2. The high-temperature impact test device for a composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that, Reinforcing ribs (303) are also provided between the mounting plate (301) and the bases (302).

3. The high-temperature impact test device for a composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that, The housing (1) is a square tube.

4. A high-temperature impact test device for a composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that Slots one (103) are provided at the front and rear ends of the housing (1), and the cover plate (6) is inserted into the slots one (103) to close the housing (1).

5. A high-temperature impact test device for a composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that, Slots two are provided at the observation port (101), and the high-temperature resistant glass is inserted into the slots two.

6. A test method for a high-temperature impact test device of a composite material, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: Step 1: The fixture (3) completes the fastening and clamping of the composite material target plate (4) through the circular array of mounting holes one (3012) and bolts (7); Step 2: A thermocouple is welded at the impact center of the composite material target plate (4), and the thermocouple is connected to a temperature sensor; Step 3: The fixture (3) with the composite material target plate (4) already clamped is connected and fixed inside the housing (1) through bolts (7), the mounting holes two (3021), and the mounting holes three (102); Step 4: The heat insulation plates (5) are placed at both ends of the housing (1), and positioning pieces are installed inside one side of the housing (1) to fix the heat insulation plates (5). The cover plate (6) is inserted into the slots one (103) of the housing (1); Step 5: Turn on the switch of the heating plate (2) to start heating. Wait until the temperature rises to the test temperature and keep it warm for a period of time; Step 6: Adjust the position of the high-speed camera to ensure that the lens is parallel to the observation port (101). Connect the acquisition software, set the recording frame rate, and ensure accurate exposure of the image by adjusting the exposure time and fill light; Step 7: When starting the test, pull out the cover plate (6), fire the bullet, and at the same time the high-speed camera starts recording; Step 8: Check the saving status of the acquired data. At the same time, the heating device stops heating. Wait until the temperature drops to the safe temperature and take out the composite material target plate (4).

Images