Fault rock mass non-pressure soaking characteristic research device and method

Abstract

The invention discloses a fault rock mass non-pressure soaking characteristic research device and method, and belongs to the technical field of material tests.The device comprises a sample preparation device and further comprises a soaking device, the sample preparation device comprises a foam plate and a side surrounding cylinder, and plate holes are formed in the foam plate; the sample preparation device further comprises a plurality of ejector rods capable of penetrating through the foam plate; the sample preparation device further comprises a plurality of insertion rods which can be inserted into the foam board from the bottom side of the foam board and extend into the board holes; the soaking device comprises a soaking barrel capable of containing a rock mass with a mortar layer, when the rock mass is contained in the soaking barrel, a cavity gap for containing slurry for non-pressure soaking is formed between the mortar layer and the soaking barrel, and the method is a using method of the device applied to non-pressure soaking characteristic research of the slurry in the rock mass. According to the scheme, a mortar layer can be conveniently and efficiently obtained on the surface of the rock mass, and meanwhile the contact quality of the exposed area of the bottom face of the rock mass and slurry can be guaranteed in the soaking process.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of material testing, and particularly to a device and method for studying the unpressurized soaking characteristics of fractured rock masses. Background Art

[0002] For the faults and fracture zones of dam foundations, grouting is often used for treatment. Chemical grouting materials are an important type of grouting material and are widely used in foundation treatment of water conservancy projects, reinforcement treatment of concrete cracks, etc. The mainstream chemical grouting materials in infrastructure construction include epoxy resin grouting materials, foamed polyurethane grouting materials, and acrylate grouting materials. There are already various epoxy resin grouting materials on the market with adjustable viscosity, good performance, and can be constructed and used under low-temperature and water-containing environments. In the practice of water conservancy and hydropower projects, construction design units can select suitable chemical grouting materials for anti-seepage reinforcement of current water conservancy and hydropower projects from mainstream brands based on the use experience of various epoxy resin grouting materials and the characteristics of the poor geological systems of the projects. Before formal use, analyze the material characteristics of the grouting materials themselves and the performance of the specimens obtained after grouting to further select suitable grout types, component ratios, etc., and guide the formation of grouting construction processes.

[0003] The study of the characteristics of chemical grouting materials includes the study of unpressurized soaking characteristics. The specific research purpose is to study the infiltration and penetration of chemical grouting material slurries in rock masses under unpressurized conditions. For example, at the test temperature, conduct an unpressurized soaking test of the slurries on the collected rock masses. Especially for rock masses mainly composed of argillaceous metamorphic rocks, scientific grouting is a difficult point in treatment, and unpressurized soaking treatment is the focus of characteristic research. When using chemical grouting with grouting slurries of different compositions and ratios, from the perspective of the infiltration and penetration effect of the slurries under unpressurized soaking conditions, internal cracks and outer edges of rock samples are the dominant channels for infiltration, while for the dense argillaceous part, it is difficult for the slurry to penetrate and the penetration effect is relatively poor. Taking one type of fault rock sample as an example, within the temperature range of 17 - 23°C, when soaking with a slurry depth of 12 cm (the slurry liquid level is at a position 12 cm high on the rock mass), some grout ratios can obtain an immersion depth greater than or equal to 15 cm (the rock samples are uniformly 15 cm high, and from the infiltration effect, it infiltrates to the top of the grout), while some slurry ratios only obtain an immersion depth of 5 cm. Therefore, for the rock mass types and compositions at specific construction locations, before chemical grouting, collect on-site rock masses and conduct tests on the penetration depths of chemical grouting material slurries with different compositions and ratios, which is of great significance for guiding slurry ratios and determining grouting processes.

[0004] The implementation process of the existing research method for the unpressurized soaking characteristics of fault rock masses is as follows: Obtain typical rock masses from the site as rock samples, seal the rock masses with cement mortar and seal the central area with the upper and lower ends exposed. After the cement mortar solidifies, soak it in the slurry for characteristic research. Before reaching the same soaking time and before the slurry completely solidifies, take out the rock mass and cure it, and then cut the rock mass from the middle to observe the infiltration penetration height under the unpressurized diffusion of the slurry from bottom to top.

[0005] In the prior art, there is no special device for rock sample preparation. To improve the research efficiency of the unpressurized soaking characteristics of rock masses, it is necessary to further optimize the related technologies. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In response to the problem of providing a special device for rock sample preparation in the research on the unpressurized soaking characteristics of rock masses proposed above, the present invention provides a device and method for researching the unpressurized soaking characteristics of fault rock masses. This solution can be used to conveniently and efficiently obtain a mortar layer on the surface of the rock mass, and at the same time, during the soaking process, the contact quality between the exposed area at the bottom of the rock mass and the slurry can be guaranteed.

[0007] A device for researching the unpressurized soaking characteristics of fault rock masses provided by the present invention solves the problem through the following technical points: A device for researching the unpressurized soaking characteristics of fault rock masses includes a sample preparation device for preparing a mortar layer on the rock mass, and also includes a soaking device for soaking the rock mass with a mortar layer. The sample preparation device includes a foam board and a side enclosure cylinder. The foam board is provided with board holes. The dimensions of the foam board, the side enclosure cylinder, and the position of the board holes on the foam board satisfy: the bottom end of the side enclosure cylinder can be supported on the foam board, and in this supported state, the board holes are located inside the side enclosure cylinder;

[0008] The sample preparation device further includes a top rod that can penetrate the foam board. The number of top rods is multiple. The penetration means that after the top rod passes through the upper and lower ends of the foam board, the upper end of the top rod is located inside the side enclosure cylinder and supports the rock mass, and the lower end of the top rod is located below the foam board;

[0009] The sample preparation device further includes an insertion rod that can be inserted into the foam board from the bottom side of the foam board and extend into the board holes. The number of insertion rods is multiple;

[0010] The soaking device includes a soaking bucket that can accommodate the rock mass with a mortar layer. When the rock mass is accommodated in the soaking bucket, there is a gap for accommodating the unpressurized soaking slurry between the mortar layer and the soaking bucket.

[0011] In the prior art, in order to guide the treatment of faults and fractured zones in dam foundations, before implementing chemical grouting, it is necessary to determine the chemical grouting material suitable for treating the current foundation, specifically involving the determination of the composition and the proportion of the chemical grouting material. The study of the unconfined soaking characteristics of rock masses is an important project in the above process. Generally, for typical rock masses collected on-site, after sampling, soaking specimens for unconfined soaking are made. After soaking for a specified time and curing to a specified age, urgency is carried out, and the penetration performance of the slurry used is determined by observing the infiltration and penetration of the slurry. Moreover, for the soaking specimens, they need to be made with exposed surfaces on both the top and bottom that are exposed relative to the outer mortar layer to simulate the diffusion of the slurry in the rock mass during the specific grouting process and enable the slurry to diffuse in the rock mass from bottom to top. Therefore, after sampling, wrapping the rock mass with a mortar layer to obtain the soaking specimen is a key step. In the prior art, there is no dedicated sample preparation device. The conventional method is to use a PVC cylinder as the surrounding cylinder and place the rock mass in the PVC cylinder for mortar layer grouting. To obtain the bottom exposed surface, the method of first spraying a grouting layer at the lower end of the rock mass and then pouring cement mortar into the PVC cylinder to obtain a complete mortar layer can be used after initial setting. However, such a method cannot be formed in one step, has a long sample preparation time, a troublesome sample preparation process, and there may be a possibility of a lateral infiltration gap for the soaking slurry between the two mortar layers formed. To address the above problems, this solution provides the above research device for completing the preparation and soaking of soaking specimens.

[0012] Related to the above research device, this solution also provides the following method for studying the unconfined soaking characteristics of fault rock masses. This method is implemented based on the research device and includes the following steps carried out in sequence:

[0013] S1. Obtain the rock mass for studying the unconfined soaking characteristics from the site. Through sampling, select the rock mass with suitable length, width, and height for preparing the soaking specimen. Generally, it is required that the height of the rock mass is greater than 15 cm, and the width and thickness are both greater than 5 cm. After selecting the rock mass, prepare the central areas of the upper and lower end faces of the rock mass to be protruding structures, so that after wrapping the rock mass with a mortar layer, both the upper and lower end faces of the rock mass have the corresponding exposed surfaces to simulate the infiltration and penetration of the slurry in the rock mass.

[0014] S2. Seal the rock mass with cement mortar so that the periphery of the rock mass has a mortar layer. Possibly, for the material forming the mortar layer, relevant technical personnel can also use other existing alternative materials. The mortar layer seals the side and the upper and lower end faces of the rock mass, and the protruding structures on the upper and lower end faces of the rock mass are exposed outside the mortar layer, and the exposed parts are used to form the exposed surfaces.

[0015] S3. After the mortar layer is cured, an immersion specimen is obtained. The immersion specimen is immersed in the slurry used for characteristic research. Generally, multiple immersion specimens are required for the immersion infiltration tests of slurries with different component compositions and different component ratios respectively. Before the immersion time is reached and the slurry has not completely solidified, the immersion specimen is taken out and cured, and then the immersion specimen is cut in half from the middle to observe the infiltration height of the slurry from bottom to top in the rock mass. Since slurries with different ratios have different gel times and initial viscosities, etc., the tester can confirm the immersion time according to experience or product instructions before use;

[0016] Among them, in step S2, the peripheral of the rock mass is sealed with cement mortar to have a mortar layer through the sample preparation device. Specifically: the protruding structure at the lower end of the rock mass is inserted into the plate hole, and the plate hole is reamed by using the indentation of the protruding structure on the foam board. The protruding structure at the lower end of the rock mass is inserted into the reamed plate hole, and it is ensured that there is a gap greater than the set value between each position on the side of the rock mass and the side enclosure cylinder, and there is a gap greater than the set value between each position outside the protruding structure at the bottom of the rock mass and the foam board. It is easy to understand that during the implementation of step S2, the side enclosure cylinder needs to be placed on the foam board. The foam board serves as the bottom formwork for mortar layer grouting, and the side enclosure cylinder provides the side formwork for mortar layer molding. The plate hole pre-made on the foam board facilitates the insertion of the protruding structure into the foam board, and the foam board is not damaged during the formation of the indentation. The purpose of further reaming the plate hole is to make the final size of the plate hole adapt to the size of the root of the protruding structure, so as to ensure that the bottom mortar layer has an exposed surface area with a suitable size as the channel for the slurry to enter the rock mass during the slurry immersion process. The exposed surface area at the top of the rock mass can be controlled by controlling the cement mortar perfusion volume. The purpose of controlling the gap value is to form a mortar layer with sufficient thickness so that the mortar layer has a reliable slurry blocking effect. After the indentation is formed, according to the contour shape and size of the plate hole provided by the indentation, the plate hole is reamed based on the contour edge, and the rock mass is further inserted downward after reaming, so that the protruding structure at the lower end of the rock mass can be closer to the foam board, forming an exposed surface at the root position of the protruding structure, and then the next steps of ejector rod installation, plug rod installation, clay filling and cement mortar grouting are carried out;

[0017] Insert the ejector rod from below the foam board through the foam board from bottom to top. The depth of the ejector rod inserted into the sample preparation device meets the following requirements: the upper end of the ejector rod provides support for positions outside the protruding structure at the bottom surface of the rock mass, the lower end of the ejector rod is located below the foam board, and the ejector rod is arranged around the board hole. It is easy to understand that when the board hole is reamed, the foam board used as the bottom template is easily partially removed, so the reaming of the board hole is easy and the reaming efficiency is high. Similarly, when the ejector rod is inserted, it is easy to insert the ejector rod through the foam board. The insertion depth of the ejector rod is determined according to the specific shape of the surface of the rock mass at the upper end of the ejector rod and is inserted to a depth that can provide support for the bottom surface of the rock mass. Therefore, for ejector rods with fixed dimensions, when soaking the sample in the soaking device later, the ejector rod serves as the bottom support for the soaked sample. Since the height positions of the lower ends of different ejector rods may be different, it is necessary to perform a leveling process through cutting. The ejector rod exposed at the lower end of the foam board is used to provide support for the rock mass using the support structure in the later stage to ensure the position of the rock mass in the sample preparation device;

[0018] After completing the insertion of the ejector rod and using the support structure for support, the position of the rock mass on the sample preparation device is fixed. At this time, use the insertion rod inserted into the board hole to obtain the support framework for supporting the clay during the formation of the clay layer. Specifically, insert the insertion rod from below the foam board through the foam board from bottom to top in an inclined state. The upper end of the insertion rod is inserted into the board hole, and different insertion rods are inserted into the board hole from different directions. The part of the insertion rod inserted into the board hole forms the support framework for forming the clay layer in the board hole;

[0019] After obtaining the support framework, fill the clay into the board hole from the bottom side of the board hole and use the support provided by the support framework for the clay to form a clay layer located in the board hole and closing the gap between the protruding structure at the bottom surface of the rock mass and the board hole. It is easy to understand that since the board hole needs to be made separately according to the specific shape of the rock mass, it is not easy to prepare the board hole to fit well with the protruding structure at the lower end of the rock mass. For the gap between the board hole and the protruding structure, when there is the support framework, the clay layer can firmly fill this gap, avoiding slurry leakage during the grouting process of the mortar layer. During operation, the gap width between each side of the protruding structure and the board hole can be observed, and the filling depth of the clay layer can be judged according to the exposed surface size. Then, according to the gap width in different directions and the filling depth of the clay layer, insert the insertion rod to extend from a specific depth position in the board hole into the board hole, and there is an insertion rod exposed in the board hole at the position where the gap width is larger;

[0020] After completing the above steps, the preparation before the cement mortar grouting of the sample preparation device is completed. To avoid the sample dropping relative to the sample preparation device, the foam board collapsing or cracking under pressure during the grouting process, after supporting the foam board and the ejector rod, cement mortar is poured into the cavity between the rock mass and the side enclosure cylinder from the upper side of the side enclosure cylinder, and a mortar layer that seals the rock mass is obtained on the outside of the rock mass. The pouring volume of the mortar layer satisfies that the protruding structure at the upper end of the rock mass is exposed outside the mortar layer. It is easy to understand that the pouring volume of the mortar layer is such that the cement mortar does not seal the upper end of the rock mass to form an exposed surface at the upper end of the rock mass;

[0021] In step S3, after the mortar layer is cured, the soaked sample including the rock mass, the mortar layer and the ejector rod is separated from the sample preparation device, and the sample preparation device is placed into the soaking bucket. The sample preparation device is supported by the ejector rod in the soaking bucket, and is supported such that the protruding structure at the lower end of the rock mass is located above the bottom plate of the soaking bucket. It is easy to understand that after obtaining the soaked sample from the sample preparation device, the side enclosure cylinder, the foam board, the insertion rod and the clay layer can all be very conveniently separated from the rock mass or the mortar layer. At this time, the support rod is supported by the insertion rod whose upper end is grouted and sealed in the mortar layer in the soaking bucket, which can ensure that the exposed surface at the bottom of the rock mass is in full contact with the slurry. If possible, for example, if the end of the protruding structure at the lower end of the rock mass is too sharp, the protruding structure needs to be trimmed to expand the end area, but the treatment should be as gentle as possible to avoid affecting the internal structure of the rock mass during the treatment process;

[0022] Then, the slurry used for property research is poured into the soaking bucket. The pouring volume of the slurry satisfies that the top surface of the mortar layer is above the liquid level of the slurry, that is, the pouring depth of the slurry needs to avoid the slurry directly immersing into the rock mass from the top exposed surface of the rock mass. For test slurries with different components and ratios, the pouring depth of the slurry in each soaking bucket of the soaked samples should be the same to make the results of this batch of tests have the same relevance of test conditions;

[0023] Before the soaked sample reaches the soaking time and the slurry is not completely solidified, the soaked sample is taken out of the soaking bucket and cured, and then the soaked sample is cut open from the middle to observe the infiltration and penetration height of the slurry in the rock mass from bottom to top.

[0024] In summary, in this solution, by setting to include a foam board, an insertion rod and an ejector rod, and having plate holes on the foam board, after performing adaptability treatment on the above plate holes and adaptability installation on the insertion rod and the ejector rod, it can very conveniently adapt to the specific rock mass. This solution provides a technical solution that can form the mortar layer by grouting the rock mass once according to the specific rock mass, which is used to conveniently and efficiently obtain the mortar layer on the surface of the rock mass. At the same time, during the soaking process, the ejector rod that has served for the grouting of the mortar layer can ensure the contact quality between the exposed area at the bottom of the rock mass and the slurry. And because the upper end of the ejector rod is cast and sealed in the mortar layer, it also has the characteristic of reliable support for the soaked sample.

[0025] In a specific embodiment, the foam board is disc-shaped, and the board holes are arranged at the center of the foam board;

[0026] The ejector rods are arranged at intervals around the board holes, and the insertion rods are arranged at intervals around the board holes;

[0027] The upper ends of the ejector rods and the upper ends of the insertion rods are both pointed ends.

[0028] In the above solution, the structure of the foam board, the installation positions of the ejector rods and the insertion rods are all used to adapt to the rock mass with the protruding structure located at the center of the end of the rock mass. Such a rock mass is easy to be stably supported in the sample preparation device, and a reliable grouting layer can be obtained at each position of the rock mass. The pointed ends are used to facilitate the ejector rods and the insertion rods to penetrate through the foam board.

[0029] In a specific embodiment, each ejector rod is provided with a flexible cap, and each flexible cap is provided with a plug hole. The flexible cap forms a detachable connection relationship with the ejector rod through the plug hole.

[0030] In the above solution, after the ejector rod penetrates through the insertion rod, a flexible cap is installed at the upper end of the ejector rod. The flexible cap avoids possible local fragmentation of the rock mass caused by the ejector rod through the flexible support provided for the rock mass. In order to avoid the flexible cap affecting the slurry distribution during the soaking process through infiltration, in a specific embodiment, the flexible cap is made of a rubber cap.

[0031] In a specific embodiment, it further includes a support assembly for supporting the foam board and the ejector rods. The support assembly includes a support plate, support legs and pads;

[0032] The support legs are fixed on the support plate, and the support legs and the support plate form a support structure for supporting the foam board;

[0033] The pads serve as a support structure for supporting the ejector rods. The top surface of the pads serves as a support surface for providing support to the bottom surface of the ejector rods. The pads are wedge-shaped blocks with an inclined top surface;

[0034] It further includes a clay for filling the board holes.

[0035] In the above solution, the support assembly is used to support the ejector rods and the foam board. The purpose of using wedge-shaped blocks for the pads is that after the ejector rods support the rock mass, the lower ends of the ejector rods at different positions may have different heights. In such a case, the ejector rods can be supported at different positions of the inclined surface, and the foam board and the ejector rods can be reliably supported on the test bench. The clay is used for product matching to avoid the testers purchasing the clay for forming the clay layer separately.

[0036] In a specific embodiment, regarding the method, the research device is a research device with a bracket assembly. The method for supporting the foam board and the ejector rod is as follows: After using the support structure to support the foam board and supporting the foam board on the support plate, a spacer is used to support the ejector rod with a suspended bottom. As described above, the support structure is used to stabilize the position of the rock mass in the sample preparation device and prevent the foam board from being fractured and damaged.

[0037] In a specific embodiment, the method for separating the soaked sample from the sample preparation device is as follows: After separating the side cylinder and the foam board, a structure including the side cylinder, the mortar layer, the rock mass, and the ejector rod is obtained. A cutting groove extending along the height direction of the structure is cut on the side cylinder. The cutting groove truncates the cylinder wall of the side cylinder. Then, the side cylinder is peeled off from the structure through the cutting groove to obtain the soaked sample.

[0038] The above solution is a method for separating the sample preparation device from the soaked sample. The side cylinder can be a plastic cylinder. After the mortar layer is cured, the foam board, the insertion rod, and the clay layer are very easy to remove. For the structure with a side cylinder, after cutting out the cutting groove, the soaked sample can be obtained by peeling off the mortar layer at each position from the side cylinder in sequence along the circumferential direction of the structure. The mortar layer on the structure without the side cylinder is used as the outermost layer of the soaking structure, which is convenient for observing the change in the slurry liquid level and the position of the slurry liquid level through the mortar layer. Without considering this problem, the structure with a side cylinder can also be directly used as the soaked sample.

[0039] In a specific embodiment, after the soaked sample is separated from the sample preparation device, the ejector rod exposed outside the mortar layer is cut and processed, and cut into: the lower end faces of the ejector rods are all located on the same plane, and this plane is perpendicular to the height direction of the soaked sample.

[0040] The above solution is: For the ejector rod with a fixed size, when it is necessary to use the ejector rod as the bracket of the soaked sample during the slurry soaking process, since the bottoms of the ejector rods may be uneven, after the above cutting process, the soaked sample can be stably supported in the soaking bucket by using the ejector rod.

[0041] In a specific embodiment, step S3 is carried out at a set test temperature. For the soaked samples immersed in slurries with different compositions, the slurries with the same depth are used for immersion, and the soaked samples immersed in slurries with different compositions all use the same immersion time.

[0042] In the above solution, the relevant temperature setting is to simulate the infiltration distribution characteristics of the slurry at the test temperature. The control of the slurry depth and the immersion time are both used to calibrate the consistency of the test conditions of different slurries.

[0043] In a specific embodiment, during the process of soaking the specimen, the liquid level of the slurry in the soaking barrel is maintained, and the curing time is greater than or equal to 28 days.

[0044] In the above solution, the control of the liquid level of the slurry is used to ensure that the soaking process has consistent slurry supply characteristics. For example, to avoid changes in the infiltration and penetration conditions of the slurry in the rock mass due to changes in the slurry liquid level after different rock masses consume different slurries. For the slurry commonly used in the foundation of water conservancy and hydropower projects, the control of the time is used to solidify the infiltration and penetration conditions of the slurry in the rock mass after curing, and a definite slurry infiltration and penetration height can be obtained subsequently.

[0045] The present invention has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0046] In this solution, by setting it to include a foam board, inserting rods, and a top rod, and having plate holes on the foam board, after performing adaptability treatment on the above plate holes and adaptability installation on the inserting rods and the top rod, it can very conveniently adapt to a specific rock mass. This solution provides a technical solution that can perform one-time grouting on the rock mass according to the specific rock mass to form the mortar layer, which is used to conveniently and efficiently obtain the mortar layer on the surface of the rock mass. At the same time, during the soaking process, the top rod that has served for the grouting of the mortar layer can ensure the contact quality between the exposed area at the bottom of the rock mass and the slurry. And since the upper end of the top rod is cast and sealed in the mortar layer, it also has the characteristic of reliable support for the soaked specimen. Description of the Drawings

[0047] Figure 1 In a specific embodiment of a device for studying the unpressurized soaking characteristics of fault rock masses described in this solution, it is a schematic diagram of the structure formed after the rock mass is supported by the sample preparation device;

[0048] Figure 2 It is in Figure 1 Based on this, it is a schematic diagram of the structure formed after the filling of the clay layer and the pouring of the cement mortar;

[0049] Figure 3 It is to Figure 2 The schematic diagram of the structure obtained after placing the soaked specimen obtained in the soaking barrel.

[0050] The reference numerals in the drawings are respectively: 1, side enclosure cylinder; 2, rock mass; 3, flexible cap; 4, top rod; 5, foam board; 6, support assembly; 7, inserting rod; 8, plate hole; 9, mortar layer; 10, clay layer; 11, slurry; 12, soaking barrel; 13, support plate; 14, support leg; 15, cushion block. Detailed Description of the Embodiment

[0051] The following further elaborates the present invention in conjunction with the embodiments, but the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments:

[0052] Example 1:

[0053] As Figures 1 to 3 shown, a device for studying the unpressurized soaking characteristics of fractured rock masses includes a sample preparation device for preparing a mortar layer 9 on a rock mass 2, and also includes a soaking device for soaking the rock mass 2 with the mortar layer 9. The sample preparation device includes a foam board 5 and a side enclosure cylinder 1. Plate holes 8 are provided on the foam board 5. The dimensions of the foam board 5, the side enclosure cylinder 1, and the positions of the plate holes 8 on the foam board 5 satisfy that the bottom end of the side enclosure cylinder 1 can be supported on the foam board 5, and in this supported state, the plate holes 8 are located inside the side enclosure cylinder 1;

[0054] The sample preparation device further includes a top rod 4 that can penetrate the foam board 5. The number of the top rods 4 is multiple. The penetration means that after the top rod 4 passes through the upper and lower ends of the foam board 5, the upper end of the top rod 4 is located inside the side enclosure cylinder 1 and supports the rock mass 2, and the lower end of the top rod 4 is located below the foam board 5;

[0055] The sample preparation device further includes an insertion rod 7 that can be inserted into the foam board 5 from the bottom side of the foam board 5 and extend into the plate holes 8. The number of the insertion rods 7 is multiple;

[0056] The soaking device includes a soaking barrel 12 that can accommodate the rock mass 2 with the mortar layer 9. When the rock mass 2 is accommodated in the soaking barrel 12, a gap for accommodating the unpressurized soaking slurry 11 is provided between the mortar layer 9 and the soaking barrel 12.

[0057] In the prior art, in order to guide the treatment of faults and fractured zones in the dam foundation, before implementing chemical grouting, it is necessary to determine the chemical grouting material suitable for treating the current foundation, specifically involving the determination of the composition and the proportion of the chemical grouting material. The study on the unpressurized soaking characteristics of rock mass 2 is an important project in the above process. Generally, for the typical rock mass 2 collected on-site, after sampling, soaking specimens for unpressurized soaking are made. After soaking for a specified time and curing to a specified age, urgency is carried out, and the penetration performance of the adopted slurry 11 on the soaking specimen is judged by observing the infiltration and penetration of the slurry 11. Moreover, for the soaking specimen, it is necessary to be made with exposed surfaces that are exposed relative to the outer mortar layer 9 on both the top and bottom surfaces to simulate the diffusion of the slurry 11 in the rock mass 2 during the specific grouting process and enable the slurry 11 to diffuse in the rock mass 2 from bottom to top. Therefore, after sampling, wrapping the rock mass 2 with the mortar layer 9 to obtain the soaking specimen is a key link. In the prior art, there is no special sample-making device. The conventional method is to use a PVC cylinder as the surrounding cylinder and place the rock mass 2 in the PVC cylinder for grouting the mortar layer 9. To obtain the bottom exposed surface, first, a grouting layer can be obtained by spraying at the lower end of the rock mass 2 and after initial setting, and then a complete mortar layer 9 can be obtained by pouring cement mortar into the PVC cylinder. However, such a method cannot be formed in one step, has a long sample-making time, a troublesome sample-making process, and there may be a possibility of forming a lateral infiltration gap for the soaking slurry 11 between the two formed mortar layers 9. In view of the above problems, this solution provides the above research device for completing the sample-making and soaking of the soaking specimen.

[0058] Related to the above research device, this solution also provides the following method for studying the unpressurized soaking characteristics of fault rock mass 2, which is realized based on the research device and includes the following steps carried out in sequence:

[0059] S1. Obtain the rock mass 2 for studying the unpressurized soaking characteristics from the site. Through sampling, select the rock mass 2 whose length, width, and height are all suitable for preparing the soaking specimen. Generally, it is required that the height of the rock mass 2 is greater than 15 cm, and the width and thickness are both greater than 5 cm. After selecting the rock mass 2, prepare the central areas of the upper and lower end faces of the rock mass 2 to be protruding structures, so that after wrapping the rock mass 2 with the mortar layer 9, both the upper and lower end faces of the rock mass 2 have the corresponding exposed surfaces to simulate the infiltration and penetration of the slurry 11 in the rock mass 2.

[0060] S2. Seal the rock mass 2 with cement mortar so that the outer periphery of the rock mass 2 has a mortar layer 9. Possibly, for the material forming the mortar layer 9, relevant technicians can also use other existing alternative materials. The mortar layer 9 seals the side and the upper and lower end faces of the rock mass 2, and the protruding structures on the upper and lower end faces of the rock mass 2 are exposed outside the mortar layer 9, and the exposed parts are used to form the exposed surfaces.

[0061] S3. After the mortar layer 9 is cured, an immersion specimen is obtained. The immersion specimen is immersed in the slurry 11 for property research. Generally, multiple immersion specimens are required for the immersion infiltration tests of slurries 11 with different component compositions and different component ratios. Before the immersion time is reached and the slurry 11 has not completely solidified, the immersion specimen is taken out and cured, and then the immersion specimen is cut open from the middle to observe the infiltration height of the slurry 11 from bottom to top in the rock mass 2. Since slurries 11 with different ratios have different gel times and initial viscosities, etc., the experimenter can confirm the immersion time according to experience or product instructions before use;

[0062] Among them, in step S2, the rock mass 2 is sealed with cement mortar to make the outer periphery of the rock mass 2 have a mortar layer 9, which is realized by the sample preparation device. Specifically: the protruding structure at the lower end of the rock mass 2 is inserted into the plate hole 8, and the plate hole 8 is reamed by using the indentation of the protruding structure on the foam board 5. The protruding structure at the lower end of the rock mass 2 is inserted into the reamed plate hole 8, and it is ensured that there is an interval greater than the set value between each position on the side of the rock mass 2 and the side cylinder 1, and there is an interval greater than the set value between each position outside the protruding structure at the bottom surface of the rock mass 2 and the foam board 5. It is easy to understand that during the implementation of step S2, the side cylinder 1 needs to be placed on the foam board 5. The foam board 5 serves as the bottom formwork for grouting the mortar layer 9, and the side cylinder 1 provides the side formwork for molding the mortar layer 9. The plate hole 8 made on the foam board 5 in advance facilitates the insertion of the protruding structure into the foam board 5, and the foam board 5 is not damaged during the formation of the indentation. The purpose of reaming the plate hole 8 further is to make the final size of the plate hole 8 adapt to the size of the root of the protruding structure, so as to ensure that the bottom mortar layer 9 has an exposed surface area with a suitable size as the channel for the slurry 11 to enter the rock mass 2 during the immersion process. The exposed surface area at the top of the rock mass 2 can be controlled by controlling the amount of cement mortar perfusion. The purpose of controlling the interval value is to form a mortar layer 9 with sufficient thickness so that the mortar layer 9 has a reliable blocking effect on the slurry 11. After the indentation is formed, according to the contour shape and size of the plate hole 8 provided by the indentation, the plate hole 8 is reamed based on the contour edge, and the rock mass 2 is further inserted downward after reaming, so that the protruding structure at the lower end of the rock mass 2 can be closer to the foam board 5, forming an exposed surface at the root position of the protruding structure, and then the next steps of installing the ejector rod 4, installing the insertion rod 7, filling with clay, and grouting with cement mortar are carried out;

[0063] Insert the ejector rod 4 from below the foam board 5 through the foam board 5 from bottom to top. The depth of insertion of the ejector rod 4 into the sample preparation device satisfies that the upper end of the ejector rod 4 provides support for positions outside the protruding structure at the bottom surface of the rock mass 2, the lower end of the ejector rod 4 is located below the foam board 5, and the ejector rod 4 is arranged around the plate hole 8. It is easy to understand that when reaming the plate hole 8, the foam board 5 as the bottom template is easily partially removed, so the reaming of the plate hole 8 is easy and the reaming efficiency is high. Similarly, when inserting the ejector rod 4, it is easy to insert the ejector rod 4 through the foam board 5. The insertion depth of the ejector rod 4 is inserted to a depth that can provide support for the bottom surface of the rock mass 2 according to the specific shape of the surface of the rock mass 2 at the upper end of the ejector rod 4. Therefore, for the ejector rod 4 with a fixed size, when soaking the sample in the soaking device later, the ejector rod 4 serves as the bottom bracket for the soaked sample. Since the height positions of the lower ends of different ejector rods 4 may be different, it is necessary to complete the flattening process by cutting. The ejector rod 4 exposed at the lower end of the foam board 5 is used to provide support for the rock mass 2 by using the support structure in the later stage to ensure the position of the rock mass 2 in the sample preparation device;

[0064] After completing the insertion of the ejector rod 4 and using the support structure for support, the position of the rock mass 2 on the sample preparation device is fixed. At this time, use the insertion rod 7 inserted into the plate hole 8 to obtain the support skeleton for supporting the clay during the formation of the clay layer 10. Specifically, insert the insertion rod 7 from below the foam board 5 through the foam board 5 in an inclined state from bottom to top. The upper end of the insertion rod 7 is inserted into the plate hole 8, and different insertion rods 7 are inserted into the plate hole 8 from different directions. The part of the insertion rod 7 inserted into the plate hole 8 forms the support skeleton for forming the clay layer 10 in the plate hole 8;

[0065] After obtaining the support skeleton, fill the clay into the plate hole 8 from the bottom side of the plate hole 8, and use the support provided by the support skeleton for the clay to form a clay layer 10 located in the plate hole 8 and closing the gap between the protruding structure at the bottom surface of the rock mass 2 and the plate hole 8. It is easy to understand that since the plate hole 8 needs to be separately made according to the specific shape of the rock mass 2, it is not easy to prepare the plate hole 8 to fit well with the protruding structure at the lower end of the rock mass 2. For the gap between the plate hole 8 and the protruding structure, when there is the support skeleton, the clay layer 10 can stably fill the gap, avoiding slurry leakage during the grouting process of the mortar layer 9. During operation, the gap width between each side of the protruding structure and the plate hole 8 can be observed, and the filling depth of the clay layer 10 can be judged according to the exposed surface size. Then, according to the gap width in different directions and the filling depth of the clay layer 10, insert the insertion rod 7 to extend from a specific depth position in the plate hole 8 into the plate hole 8, and the insertion rod 7 is exposed in the plate hole 8 at the position with a larger gap width;

[0066] After completing the above steps, the preparation before the cement mortar grouting of the sample preparation device is completed. To avoid the sample dropping relative to the sample preparation device during the grouting process, the foam board 5 collapsing or fracturing under pressure, after supporting the foam board 5 and the ejector rod 4, cement mortar is poured into the gap between the rock mass 2 and the side enclosure cylinder 1 from the upper side of the side enclosure cylinder 1, and a mortar layer 9 that seals the rock mass 2 is obtained on the outside of the rock mass 2. The pouring volume of the mortar layer 9 satisfies that the protruding structure at the upper end of the rock mass 2 is exposed outside the mortar layer 9. It is easy to understand that the pouring volume of the mortar layer 9 is such that the cement mortar does not seal the upper end of the rock mass 2 to form an exposed surface at the upper end of the rock mass 2;

[0067] In step S3, after the mortar layer 9 has solidified, the soaked sample including the rock mass 2, the mortar layer 9, and the ejector rod 4 is separated from the sample preparation device, and the sample preparation device is placed into the soaking bucket 12. The sample preparation device is supported in the soaking bucket 12 by the ejector rod 4, and is supported such that the protruding structure at the lower end of the rock mass 2 is located above the bottom plate of the soaking bucket 12. It is easy to understand that after obtaining the soaked sample from the sample preparation device, the side enclosure cylinder 1, the foam board 5, the insertion rod 7, and the clay layer 10 can all be very conveniently separated from the rock mass 2 or the mortar layer 9. At this time, the support rod is supported by the insertion rod 7 whose upper end is sealed in the mortar layer 9 in the soaking bucket 12, which can ensure that the exposed surface at the bottom of the rock mass 2 is in full contact with the slurry 11. If possible, for example, if the end of the protruding structure at the lower end of the rock mass 2 is too sharp, then the protruding structure needs to be trimmed to expand its end area, but during the treatment, it should be as gentle as possible to avoid affecting the internal structure of the rock mass 2 during the treatment process;

[0068] Then, the slurry 11 used for property research is poured into the soaking bucket 12. The pouring volume of the slurry 11 satisfies that the top surface of the mortar layer 9 is above the liquid level of the slurry 11, that is, the pouring depth of the slurry 11 needs to avoid the slurry 11 directly infiltrating into the rock mass 2 from the top exposed surface of the rock mass 2. For test slurries 11 with different components and ratios, the pouring depth of the slurry 11 in each soaking bucket 12 of the soaked samples should be the same to make the results of this batch of tests have the same relevance of test conditions;

[0069] Before the soaked sample reaches the soaking time and the slurry 11 has not completely solidified, the soaked sample is taken out of the soaking bucket 12 and cured, and then the soaked sample is cut open from the middle to observe the infiltration penetration height of the slurry 11 from bottom to top in the rock mass 2.

[0070] In summary, in this solution, by setting it to include a foam board 5, insertion rods 7, and a top rod 4, and having a board hole 8 on the foam board 5, after performing adaptability processing on the above board hole 8 and adaptability installation on the insertion rods 7 and the top rod 4, it can very conveniently adapt to the specific rock mass 2. This solution provides a technical solution that can, according to the specific rock mass 2, perform one-time grouting on the rock mass 2 to form the mortar layer 9, which is used to conveniently and efficiently obtain the mortar layer 9 on the surface of the rock mass 2. At the same time, during the soaking process, by using the top rod 4 that has been grouted for the mortar layer 9, the contact quality between the exposed area of the bottom surface of the rock mass 2 and the slurry 11 can be ensured. And, since the upper end of the top rod 4 is cast and sealed in the mortar layer 9, it also has the characteristic of providing reliable support for the soaked specimen.

[0071] More specifically, the foam board 5 is disc-shaped, and the board hole 8 is provided at the center of the foam board 5;

[0072] The top rods 4 are arranged at intervals around the board hole 8, and the insertion rods 7 are arranged at intervals around the board hole 8;

[0073] The upper ends of the top rods 4 and the upper ends of the insertion rods 7 are both pointed tips.

[0074] In the above solution, the structure of the foam board 5, the installation positions of the top rod 4 and the insertion rods 7 are all used to adapt to the rock mass 2 with the protruding structure located at the center of the end of the rock mass 2. Such a rock mass 2 is easy to be stably supported in the sample preparation device, and a reliable grouting layer can be obtained at each position of the rock mass 2. The pointed tips are used to facilitate the penetration of the top rod 4 and the insertion rods 7 through the foam board 5.

[0075] More specifically, each top rod 4 is equipped with a flexible cap 3, and each flexible cap 3 is provided with a plugging hole. The flexible cap 3 forms a detachable connection relationship with the top rod 4 through the plugging hole.

[0076] In the above solution, after the top rod 4 penetrates through the insertion rod 7, a flexible cap 3 is installed at the upper end of the top rod 4. The flexible cap 3 avoids possible local fragmentation of the rock mass 2 caused by the top rod 4 through the flexible support provided for the rock mass 2. To avoid the flexible cap 3 affecting the distribution of the slurry 11 during the soaking process through infiltration, more specifically, the flexible cap 3 is made of a rubber cap.

[0077] More specifically, it further includes a support assembly 6 for providing support for the foam board 5 and the top rod 4. The support assembly 6 includes a support plate 13, support legs 14, and a cushion block 15;

[0078] The support legs 14 are fixed on the support plate 13, and the support legs 14 and the support plate 13 form a support structure for supporting the foam board 5;

[0079] The cushion block 15 serves as a support structure for supporting the top rod 4. The top surface of the cushion block 15 serves as a support surface for providing support for the bottom surface of the top rod 4. The cushion block 15 is an inclined wedge block with an inclined top surface;

[0080] It further includes a putty for filling the plate holes 8.

[0081] In the above solution, the support assembly 6 is used to provide support for the ejector rod 4 and the foam board 5. The purpose of using the wedge-shaped block as the spacer 15 is that after the ejector rod 4 supports the rock mass 2, the lower ends of the ejector rods 4 at different positions may have different heights. In such a case, the ejector rod 4 can be supported by different positions of the inclined plane, and the foam board 5 and the ejector rod 4 can be reliably supported on the test bench. The putty is for product matching, avoiding the testers from purchasing the putty for forming the putty layer 10 separately.

[0082] More specifically, regarding the method, the research device is a research device with a support assembly 6. The method for supporting the foam board 5 and the ejector rod 4 is as follows: After using the support structure to support the foam board 5 and supporting the foam board 5 on the support plate 13, the ejector rod 4 with a suspended bottom is supported by the spacer 15. As described above, the support structure is used to stabilize the position of the rock mass 2 in the sample preparation device and to prevent the foam board 5 from being fractured and damaged.

[0083] More specifically, the method for separating the soaked specimen from the sample preparation device is as follows: After separating the side cylinder 1 from the foam board 5, a structure including the side cylinder 1, the mortar layer 9, the rock mass 2, and the ejector rod 4 is obtained. A cutting groove extending along the height direction of the structure is cut on the side cylinder 1. The cutting groove cuts through the wall of the side cylinder 1. Then, the side cylinder 1 is peeled off from the structure through the cutting groove to obtain the soaked specimen.

[0084] The above solution is the method for separating the sample preparation device from the soaked specimen. The side cylinder 1 can be a plastic cylinder. After the mortar layer 9 is cured, the foam board 5, the insertion rod 7, and the putty layer 10 are very easy to remove. For the structure with the side cylinder 1, after cutting out the cutting groove, the soaked specimen can be obtained by peeling off the mortar layer 9 at each position from the side cylinder 1 in sequence along the circumferential direction of the structure. The mortar layer 9 on the structure after removing the side cylinder 1 serves as the outermost layer of the soaking structure, facilitating the observation of the liquid level change and the liquid level position of the slurry 11 through the mortar layer 9. Without considering this problem, the structure with the side cylinder 1 can also be directly used as the soaked specimen.

[0085] More specifically, after the soaked specimen is separated from the sample preparation device, the ejector rod 4 exposed outside the mortar layer 9 is cut and processed so that the lower end faces of the ejector rods 4 are all located on the same plane, and this plane is perpendicular to the height direction of the soaked specimen.

[0086] The above solution is as follows: For the ejector rod 4 with a fixed size, when it is necessary to use the ejector rod 4 as a support for the soaked specimen during the soaking process in the slurry 11, since there may be uneven heights at the bottom of the ejector rod 4, after the cutting treatment, the ejector rod 4 can be used to stably support the soaked specimen in the soaking bucket 12.

[0087] More specifically, the step S3 is carried out at a set test temperature. For the specimens soaked in slurries 11 with different compositions, the slurries 11 with the same depth are used for soaking, and the specimens soaked in slurries 11 with different compositions are all soaked for the same soaking time.

[0088] In the above solution, the relevant temperature setting is to simulate the infiltration distribution characteristics of the slurry 11 at the test temperature. The control of the depth of the slurry 11 and the soaking time are both used to calibrate the consistency of the test conditions for different slurries 11.

[0089] More specifically, during the process of soaking the specimen, the liquid level of the slurry 11 in the soaking bucket 12 is maintained, and the curing time is greater than or equal to 28 days.

[0090] In the above solution, the control of the liquid level of the slurry 11 is used to ensure that the soaking process has a consistent liquid supply characteristic of the slurry 11. For example, to avoid the change of the infiltration and penetration conditions of the slurry 11 in the rock mass 2 due to the change of the liquid level of the slurry 11 after different rock masses 2 consume different slurries 11. For the slurry 11 commonly used in the foundation of water conservancy and hydropower projects, the control of the time is used to realize that after the curing is completed, the infiltration and penetration situation of the slurry 11 in the rock mass 2 is solidified, and a definite infiltration and penetration height of the slurry 11 can be obtained subsequently.

[0091] The above content is a further detailed description of the present invention in combination with specific preferred embodiments. It cannot be determined that the specific embodiments of the present invention are only limited to these descriptions. For those of ordinary skill in the technical field to which the present invention pertains, other embodiments obtained without departing from the technical solution of the present invention should all be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A research device for the unpressurized soaking characteristics of fractured rock masses, comprising a sample preparation device for preparing a mortar layer (9) on a rock mass (2), and further comprising a soaking device for soaking the rock mass (2) with the mortar layer (9), characterized in that, The sample preparation device includes a foam board (5) and a side enclosure cylinder (1). A board hole (8) is provided on the foam board (5). The dimensions of the foam board (5), the side enclosure cylinder (1), and the position of the board hole (8) on the foam board (5) satisfy that the bottom end of the side enclosure cylinder (1) can be supported on the foam board (5). In this supported state, the board hole (8) is located inside the side enclosure cylinder (1). The sample preparation device further includes a top rod (4) that can penetrate the foam board (5). The number of the top rods (4) is multiple. The penetration means that after the top rod (4) passes through the upper and lower ends of the foam board (5), the upper end of the top rod (4) is located inside the side enclosure cylinder (1) and supports the rock mass (2), and the lower end of the top rod (4) is located below the foam board (5). The sample preparation device further includes an insertion rod (7) that can be inserted into the foam board (5) from the bottom side of the foam board (5) and extend into the board hole (8). The number of the insertion rods (7) is multiple. The soaking device (5) includes a soaking bucket (12) that can accommodate the rock mass (2) with a mortar layer (9). When the rock mass (2) is accommodated in the soaking bucket (12), there is a gap for accommodating the non-pressure soaking slurry (11) between the mortar layer (9) and the soaking bucket (12).

2. The research device for the pressureless soaking characteristics of a fault rock mass according to claim 1, characterized in that, The foam board (5) is disc-shaped, and the board hole (8) is provided at the center of the foam board (5). The top rods (4) are arranged at intervals around the board hole (8), and the insertion rods (7) are arranged at intervals around the board hole (8). The upper ends of the top rods (4) and the upper ends of the insertion rods (7) are both pointed ends.

3. The research device for the unpressurized soaking characteristics of fractured rock masses according to claim 1, characterized in that, Each top rod (4) is configured with a flexible cap (3). Each flexible cap (3) is provided with a plugging hole, and the flexible cap (3) forms a detachable connection relationship with the top rod (4) through the plugging hole.

4. A research device for the unpressurized soaking characteristics of fault rock masses according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, It further includes a bracket assembly (6) for supporting the foam board (5) and the top rod (4). The bracket assembly (6) includes a support plate (13), a support leg (14), and a cushion block (15). The support leg (14) is fixed on the support plate (13), and the support leg (14) and the support plate (13) form a support structure for supporting the foam board (5). The cushion block (15) serves as a support structure for supporting the top rod (4). The top surface of the cushion block (15) serves as a support surface for providing support to the bottom surface of the top rod (4). The cushion block (15) is an inclined wedge block with an inclined top surface. It further includes a clay for filling the board hole (8).

5. A research method for the unpressurized soaking characteristics of fractured rock masses, characterized in that, This method is implemented based on the research device provided in any one of claims 1 to 4, and includes the following steps carried out in sequence: S1. Obtain the rock mass (2) for non-pressure soaking property research from the site, and prepare the rock mass (2) so that the central regions of the upper and lower end faces are both protruding structures. S2. Seal the rock mass (2) with cement mortar so that the outer periphery of the rock mass (2) has a mortar layer (9). The mortar layer (9) seals the side surface and the upper and lower end faces of the rock mass (2), and the protruding structures on the upper and lower end faces of the rock mass (2) are exposed outside the mortar layer (9). S3. After the mortar layer (9) is cured, an immersion specimen is obtained. The immersion specimen is immersed in the slurry (11) for characteristic research. Before the immersion time is reached and the slurry (11) has not completely solidified, the immersion specimen is taken out and cured, and then the immersion specimen is cut open from the middle to observe the infiltration penetration height of the slurry (11) from bottom to top in the rock mass (2). Among them, in step S2, the rock mass (2) is sealed with cement mortar so that the outer periphery of the rock mass (2) has a mortar layer (9), which is realized by the sample preparation device. Specifically: the protruding structure at the lower end of the rock mass (2) is inserted into the plate hole (8), and the plate hole (8) is reamed by using the indentation of the protruding structure on the foam board (5). The protruding structure at the lower end of the rock mass (2) is inserted into the reamed plate hole (8), and a distance greater than the set value is maintained between each position on the side of the rock mass (2) and the side enclosure cylinder (1). A distance greater than the set value is maintained between each position outside the protruding structure at the bottom of the rock mass (2) and the foam board (5). The ejector rod (4) is penetrated through the foam board (5) from below to above the foam board (5). The depth of the ejector rod (4) inserted into the sample preparation device satisfies that the upper end of the ejector rod (4) provides support for the position outside the protruding structure at the bottom of the rock mass (2), the lower end of the ejector rod (4) is located below the foam board (5), and the ejector rod (4) is arranged around the plate hole (8). The insertion rod (7) is penetrated through the foam board (5) from below to above the foam board (5) in an inclined state. The upper end of the insertion rod (7) is inserted into the plate hole (8). Different insertion rods (7) are inserted into the plate hole (8) from different directions. The part of the insertion rod (7) inserted into the plate hole (8) forms a support framework for forming a clay layer (10) in the plate hole (8). The clay is filled into the plate hole (8) from the bottom side of the plate hole (8), and the support provided by the support framework for the clay is utilized to form a clay layer (10) located in the plate hole (8) and closing the gap between the protruding structure at the bottom of the rock mass (2) and the plate hole (8). After supporting the foam board (5) and the ejector rod (4), cement mortar is poured into the cavity between the rock mass (2) and the side enclosure cylinder (1) from the upper side of the side enclosure cylinder (1) to obtain a mortar layer (9) that seals the rock mass (2) on the outside of the rock mass (2). The pouring amount of the mortar layer (9) satisfies that the protruding structure at the upper end of the rock mass (2) is exposed outside the mortar layer (9). In step S3, after the mortar layer (9) is cured, the obtained immersion specimen including the rock mass (2), the mortar layer (9) and the ejector rod (4) is separated from the sample preparation device, and the sample preparation device is placed in the immersion bucket (12). The sample preparation device is supported by the ejector rod (4) in the immersion bucket (12), and the protruding structure at the lower end of the rock mass (2) is supported above the bottom plate of the immersion bucket (12). Then, the slurry (11) for characteristic research is poured into the immersion bucket (12). The pouring amount of the slurry (11) satisfies that the top surface of the mortar layer (9) is above the liquid level of the slurry (11). Before the soaking time of the soaked specimen is reached and the slurry (11) is not completely solidified, take out the soaked specimen from the soaking bucket (12) and cure it, and then cut the soaked specimen in the middle to observe the infiltration penetration height of the slurry (11) from bottom to top in the rock mass (2).

6. A research method for the unpressurized soaking characteristics of a fault rock mass according to claim 5, characterized in that, The research device is the research device described in claim 4. The method for supporting the foam board (5) and the ejector rod (4) is as follows: after using the support structure to provide support for the foam board (5) and supporting the foam board (5) on the support plate (13), use the cushion block (15) to support the ejector rod (4) with a suspended bottom.

7. A research method for the unpressurized soaking characteristics of fault rock masses according to claim 5, characterized in that, The method for separating the soaked specimen from the specimen preparation device is as follows: after separating the side cylinder (1) from the foam board (5), obtain a structure including the side cylinder (1), the mortar layer (9), the rock mass (2) and the ejector rod (4). Cut a cut-off groove extending along the height direction of the structure on the side cylinder (1). The cut-off groove cuts off the cylinder wall of the side cylinder (1). Then, peel the side cylinder (1) from the structure through the cut-off groove to obtain the soaked specimen.

8. A method for studying the unpressurized soaking characteristics of a fault rock mass according to any one of claims 5 to 7, characterized in that After the soaked specimen is separated from the specimen preparation device, cut the ejector rod (4) exposed outside the mortar layer (9), and cut it into: the lower end faces of the ejector rods (4) are all located on the same plane, and this plane is perpendicular to the height direction of the soaked specimen.

9. A method for studying the unpressurized soaking characteristics of fractured rock masses according to any one of claims 5 to 7, characterized in that, Step S3 is carried out at a set test temperature. For the soaked specimens soaked in slurries (11) with different compositions, use slurries (11) with the same depth for soaking, and the soaked specimens soaked in slurries (11) with different compositions all use the same soaking time.

10. A research method for the pressureless soaking characteristics of a fault rock mass according to claim 9, characterized in that, During the soaking of the soaked specimen, maintain the liquid level of the slurry (11) in the soaking bucket (12), and the curing time is greater than or equal to 28 days.

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