Fusion reactor divertor flat plate type assembly capable of effectively improving high heat load resistance

Abstract

The invention discloses a fusion reactor divertor flat plate type assembly capable of effectively improving high heat load resistance. The fusion reactor divertor flat plate type assembly comprises a tungsten sheet, a middle layer, a heat sink, a support and a cooling water pipe. The tungsten sheet is designed into a bent shape, so that thermal stress between tungsten and copper can be relieved; the middle layer is made of a tungsten / copper laminated composite material or a tungsten / copper gradient material, so that the thermal stress between tungsten and copper can be relieved; tungsten filament reinforced copper is selected as a heat sink material, so that the problem of high-temperature degradation of the heat sink material performance can be solved; a cooling channel in the heat sink material is designed into a crisscrossed super-evaporation channel, so that the heat transfer capability of the assembly can be improved, the temperature of the assembly can be reduced, and the high heat load resistance of the assembly can be improved; the heat sink is connected with the support, and the support is connected with the cooling water pipe, so that the problem of difficult connection between the cooling water pipe and the heat sink can be effectively avoided. The heat transfer capacity of the divertor can be effectively improved, the thermal stress between tungsten and copper is relieved, the thermal load resistance is improved, and therefore the service life of a flat plate type assembly of the divertor is remarkably prolonged.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of fusion engineering, and particularly relates to a flat component of a divertor of a fusion reactor that can effectively improve the high heat load resistance ability. Background Art

[0002] Magnetic confinement fusion is the most promising way to solve the energy problem. The divertor is an important component in modern advanced magnetic confinement fusion devices. Its main function is to exhaust the energy flux and particle flux from the fusion plasma. The plasma facing components (PFCs) are the components in the divertor area that directly interact with the plasma, and their service environment is the most severe. PFCs not only have to withstand a steady-state heat load of up to 20 MW / m 2 , as well as a transient heat load on the order of GW / m 2 , but also have to withstand a high-flux neutron irradiation of up to 14 MeV. To maintain the normal operation of PFCs under such harsh working conditions, PFCs composed of plasma-facing materials and heat sink materials must have strong heat dissipation capabilities, low thermal stress, and strong high heat load resistance capabilities.

[0003] The existing PFC structures are of two types: the tube-through type and the flat type. The tube-through type PFC uses CuCrZr cooling water pipes to connect tungsten blocks with central holes in series. Although the service life is slightly higher, it requires a large amount of tungsten material, has poor heat transfer effect, and a high surface temperature of tungsten. The flat type PFC connects tungsten sheets and CuCrZr heat sink plates through an oxygen-free copper intermediate layer. The flat type PFC has good heat transfer effect, low surface temperature of tungsten, and less tungsten material usage. However, the thermal stress at the tungsten-copper interface of the flat type PFC is relatively large, and the tungsten-copper interface is prone to debonding, which results in a lower service life of the flat type PFC components. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a flat component of a divertor of a fusion reactor that can effectively improve the high heat load resistance ability, so as to improve the heat exchange ability, reduce the thermal stress at the tungsten-copper interface, improve the high heat load resistance ability, thereby significantly improving the service life of the flat component of the divertor and reducing the operating cost of the fusion reactor.

[0005] The technical solution of the present invention is: a flat component of a divertor of a fusion reactor that can effectively improve the high heat load resistance ability, including a tungsten sheet, an intermediate layer, a heat sink, a support, and a cooling water pipe; the tungsten sheet is connected to the intermediate layer to form a tungsten-copper sheet; the tungsten-copper sheet is connected to the heat sink, the heat sink is connected to the support, cooling channels are opened inside the heat sink and the support, and the cooling water pipe is connected to the cooling channels through the support;

[0006] Among them, the intermediate layer is selected from tungsten / copper laminated composite materials or tungsten / copper gradient materials, and the heat sink is made of tungsten wire reinforced copper formed by casting copper on a layer-by-layer laid tungsten wire mesh.

[0007] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0008] 1. By using tungsten sheets with bent shapes at both ends and the bending angles being arc-shaped, the present invention moves the end positions of the tungsten / copper interface downward, making the end of the tungsten / copper interface closer to the cooling area, reducing the temperature at the end of the tungsten / copper interface, and effectively alleviating the thermal stress between tungsten and copper.

[0009] 2. By using tungsten / copper laminated composite materials or tungsten / copper gradient materials as the intermediate layer, the present invention can effectively alleviate the thermal stress between tungsten and copper and avoid the problem of high-temperature creep of oxygen-free copper as the intermediate layer.

[0010] 3. By selecting tungsten wire reinforced copper as the heat sink material, the present invention can solve the problem of high-temperature degradation of the heat sink material performance.

[0011] 4. By using a super-evaporative cooling channel with criss-cross internal ribs, the present invention can greatly improve the heat transfer capacity of the flat plate component, reduce the temperature on the surface of the component, and greatly reduce the thermal stress between tungsten and copper.

[0012] 5. The improvement of the high heat load resistance of the component mainly benefits from the material selection, the improvement of the heat transfer capacity, and the alleviation of the thermal stress. The flat plate component of the divertor of the fusion reactor for effectively improving the high heat load resistance described in the present invention combines four innovation points: they are respectively the bent tungsten sheet design that can effectively alleviate the thermal stress; the selection of tungsten / copper laminated composite materials or tungsten / copper gradient materials as the intermediate layer that can both alleviate the thermal stress and avoid the problem of high-temperature creep; the selection of a heat sink material with excellent performance; and the super-evaporative cooling channel with criss-cross internal ribs with extremely strong heat transfer capacity. Only when these four innovation points are combined can the effect of improving the high heat load resistance be fully achieved. If any one of them is missing, the improvement effect of the high heat load resistance will be greatly reduced.

[0013] The present invention provides a flat plate component of the divertor of a fusion reactor for effectively improving the high heat load resistance, which uses bent tungsten sheets, tungsten / copper laminated composite materials or tungsten / copper gradient materials as the intermediate layer, tungsten wire reinforced copper as the heat sink, and criss-cross internal ribs as the heat transfer structure of the cooling channel. It can effectively improve the heat transfer capacity of the flat plate component, reduce the thermal stress between tungsten and copper, improve the high heat load resistance, thereby significantly improving the service life of the flat plate component of the divertor and reducing the operation cost of the fusion reactor. Compared with the existing PFCs at home and abroad, the present invention has the advantages of high heat dissipation efficiency, low thermal stress, strong high heat load resistance, low manufacturing and operation costs, etc. Description of the Drawings

[0014] Figure 1 Shown is a schematic structural diagram of a flat-type component of a divertor for a fusion reactor that effectively enhances the ability to resist high heat loads. In the figure: 1 is a tungsten sheet, 2 is a heat sink, 3 is a support, 4 is an intermediate layer, and 5 is a cooling water pipe.

[0015] Figure 2 Shown is a schematic structural diagram of a tungsten-copper sheet of a flat-type component of a divertor for a fusion reactor that effectively enhances the ability to resist high heat loads.

[0016] Figure 3 Shown is a schematic cooling structure diagram of a flat-type component of a divertor for a fusion reactor that effectively enhances the ability to resist high heat loads.

[0017] Figure 4 Shown is a schematic diagram of the heat sink material of a flat-type component of a divertor for a fusion reactor that effectively enhances the ability to resist high heat loads. In the figure: 6 is a copper matrix, and 7 is a tungsten wire mesh;

[0018] Figure 5 Shown is a schematic structural diagram of the cooling water pipe of a flat-type component of a divertor for a fusion reactor that effectively enhances the ability to resist high heat loads. Specific embodiments

[0019] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention. In addition, the technical features involved in the various embodiments of the present invention described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other. To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions.

[0020] As Figure 1 Shown, the present invention provides a flat-type component of a divertor for a fusion reactor that effectively enhances the ability to resist high heat loads, including a tungsten sheet 1, a heat sink 2, a support 3, an intermediate layer 4, and a cooling water pipe 5. The flat-type component of the divertor of the fusion reactor is installed in the divertor target plate area of a Tokamak experimental device or a future fusion reactor. Among them, the tungsten sheet 1 is made of pure tungsten material, or tungsten wire-reinforced tungsten material, W-Y2O3, W-ZrC, etc., the intermediate layer 4 is made of tungsten / copper laminated composite material or tungsten / copper gradient material, the heat sink 2 is made of tungsten wire-reinforced copper, and the support 3 and the cooling water pipe 5 are made of stainless steel material. Both ends of the tungsten sheet 1 are designed in a bent shape, and the bending angle is in an arc shape; the heat sink 2 and the support 3 are connected together, and a super-evaporative cooling channel with criss-cross internal ribs is opened inside. Cooling water flows into the super-evaporative cooling channels inside the heat sink 2 and the support 3 through the cooling water pipe 5, and then flows out from the other port of the cooling water pipe to achieve the cooling of the flat-type component.

[0021] As Figure 2As shown, the tungsten sheet 1 and the intermediate layer 4 form a tungsten copper sheet. Among them, a) is an overall bird's-eye view of the tungsten copper sheet, b) is a front cross-sectional view of the tungsten copper sheet, c) is a front cross-sectional view of the tungsten / copper laminated composite as the intermediate layer, and d) is a front cross-sectional view of the tungsten / copper gradient material as the intermediate layer. The tungsten sheet is designed in a bent shape, and the bending angle is arc-shaped. The tungsten / copper laminated composite or tungsten / copper gradient material is attached to the inner side of the tungsten sheet as the intermediate layer. The thickness of the tungsten / copper laminated composite selected for the intermediate layer 4 is 1-5 mm, which is attached to the inner surface of the tungsten sheet. During the manufacturing process, a layer of pure copper layer with a thickness of 0.1-0.5 mm is first made on the surface of the tungsten sheet 1; then a layer of pure tungsten layer with a thickness of 0.1-0.5 mm is made; then pure copper layer and pure tungsten layer are made repeatedly until the designed thickness is reached. The selected tungsten / copper gradient material can be prepared by processes such as hot pressing, 3D printing, explosion spraying, and plasma spraying.

[0022] As Figure 3 shown, the tungsten copper sheet is connected to the heat sink, and a super evaporation cooling structure with criss-cross internal ribs is made inside the heat sink. Among them, a) is an overall bird's-eye view after the tungsten copper sheet is connected to the heat sink, and b) is a bottom view after the tungsten copper sheet is connected to the heat sink. The criss-cross internal rib structure can be seen from Figure b). The transverse ribs are transverse internal ribs, perpendicular to the direction of the cooling water flow; the longitudinal ribs are longitudinal internal ribs, parallel to the direction of the cooling water flow.

[0023] As Figure 4 shown, the heat sink material selected, the tungsten wire reinforced copper material, is composed of a tungsten wire mesh 7 and a copper matrix 6 inside. Among them, a) is a cross-sectional view inside the tungsten wire reinforced copper material, b) is a front cross-sectional view of the tungsten wire mesh. The two lines in the figure are the appearance of the tungsten wires, and the small circles are the cross-sections of the tungsten wires, and c) is a top view of the tungsten wire mesh. The tungsten wire reinforced copper heat sink material is made by the method of casting copper on the tungsten wire mesh laid layer by layer. First, the tungsten wire mesh is laid layer by layer, and strip-shaped thin sheet supports with a melting point higher than that of copper are padded at the edges between each layer of tungsten wire mesh to keep a certain distance between each layer of tungsten wire mesh; then the laid tungsten wire mesh is placed in a casting container, and sufficient copper powder is filled in the gaps between the tungsten wire meshes, or sufficient copper blocks are placed above the tungsten wire mesh; finally, the casting container is placed in a furnace for casting to finally make the tungsten wire reinforced copper heat sink material.

[0024] As Figure 5 shown, the cooling water pipe is connected to the cooling channel through a support. The cooling water flows into the super evaporation cooling channel through one port of the cooling water pipe and then flows out from the other port of the cooling water pipe to achieve the cooling of the flat component.

[0025] In view of the structural characteristics of the present invention, the present invention will be further described below in combination with the component structure of specific embodiments, but the present invention is not limited to the component structure of the following embodiments.

[0026] Example Component Structure 1:

[0027] The tungsten sheet of this example component structure is a W-Y2O3 alloy, the intermediate layer is a tungsten / copper laminated composite material, and the heat sink is tungsten wire reinforced copper. The thickness of the tungsten / copper laminated composite material is 2 mm, including three layers of pure copper layers and two layers of pure tungsten layers, as shown in c) of Figure 2 The thickness of each pure copper layer is 0.4 mm, and the thickness of each pure tungsten layer is also 0.4 mm. The internal structure of the tungsten wire reinforced copper material is as shown in Figure 4 Figure a) is a cross-sectional view of the inside of the tungsten wire reinforced copper material, b) is a front cross-sectional view of the tungsten wire mesh, the two lines in the figure are the appearance of the tungsten wires, the small circles are the cross-sections of the tungsten wires, and c) is a top view of the tungsten wire mesh. The tungsten wire reinforced copper material is composed of a tungsten wire mesh and a copper matrix, and the tungsten wire mesh is distributed layer by layer inside the copper matrix. The heat sink is connected to the support, and a super-evaporative cooling channel with criss-cross internal ribs is opened inside. Cooling water flows into the super-evaporative cooling channel through one port of the cooling water pipe and then flows out from the other port of the cooling water pipe to achieve cooling of the flat component.

[0028] Example Component Structure 2:

[0029] The tungsten sheet of this example component structure is tungsten wire reinforced tungsten material, and the intermediate layer is tungsten / copper gradient material. The tungsten / copper gradient material is as shown in d) of Figure 2 The gradient layer in contact with the tungsten sheet is the first layer, and the numbering value increases downward from this. The labels of the gradient layers are the first layer, the second layer, the third layer, the fourth layer, and the fifth layer. The volume content of tungsten in each gradient layer is 83.33%, 66.67%, 50%, 33.33%, and 16.67% respectively. The thickness of the tungsten / copper gradient material is 2 mm, and the thickness of each layer is 0.4 mm. The opening of the cooling channel is the same as that of Example Component Structure 1. A super-evaporative cooling channel with criss-cross internal ribs is opened inside the heat sink and the support. Cooling water flows into the super-evaporative cooling channel through one port of the cooling water pipe and then flows out from the other port of the cooling water pipe.

Claims

1. A flat component of the divertor of a fusion reactor that effectively improves the ability to resist high heat loads, characterized in that: It includes a tungsten sheet, an intermediate layer, a heat sink, a support, and a cooling water pipe; the tungsten sheet is connected to the intermediate layer to form a tungsten-copper sheet; the tungsten-copper sheet is connected to the heat sink, the heat sink is connected to the support, and cooling channels are provided inside the heat sink and the support, and the cooling water pipe is connected to the cooling channels through the support; Among them, the intermediate layer is selected from tungsten / copper laminated composite materials or tungsten / copper gradient materials, and the heat sink is made of tungsten wire reinforced copper formed by casting copper on a tungsten wire mesh laid layer by layer.

2. The flat component of the divertor of a fusion reactor according to claim 1, which can effectively improve the ability to resist high heat loads, is characterized in that: Both ends of the tungsten sheet are designed to be bent, and the bending angle is arc-shaped.

3. The flat component of the divertor of a fusion reactor according to claim 1, which can effectively improve the anti-high heat load capacity, is characterized in that: The intermediate layer is selected from tungsten / copper laminated composite materials or tungsten / copper gradient materials, with a thickness of 1-5 mm, and is attached to the inner surface of the tungsten sheet.

4. A flat component of a divertor for a fusion reactor that effectively enhances the ability to resist high heat loads, characterized in that: During the production process of the tungsten / copper laminated composite material, a pure copper layer with a thickness of 0.1-0.5 mm is first made on the surface of the tungsten sheet facing the plasma material; then a pure tungsten layer with a thickness of 0.1-0.5 mm is made; then pure copper layers and pure tungsten layers are made repeatedly until the designed thickness is reached.

5. A flat component of a divertor for a fusion reactor that effectively enhances the ability to resist high heat loads, characterized in that: The heat sink material is selected as tungsten wire reinforced copper and is made by the method of casting copper on a tungsten wire mesh laid layer by layer; during the production process, first, the tungsten wire mesh is laid layer by layer, and strip-shaped thin sheet supports with a melting point higher than that of copper are padded at the edges between each layer of tungsten wire mesh to keep a certain distance between each layer of tungsten wire mesh; then the laid tungsten wire mesh is placed in a casting container, and sufficient copper powder is filled in the gaps between the tungsten wire meshes, or sufficient copper blocks are placed above the tungsten wire mesh; finally, the casting container is placed in a furnace for casting to finally make the tungsten wire reinforced copper heat sink material.

6. The flat component of the divertor of a fusion reactor according to claim 1, which can effectively improve the anti-high heat load capacity, is characterized in that: The support is selected from stainless steel materials.

7. A flat component of a divertor of a fusion reactor that effectively improves the ability to resist high heat loads, characterized in that: The heat sink is connected to the support, and a super evaporation cooling channel with criss-cross internal ribs is provided inside.

8. The flat component of the divertor of a fusion reactor according to claim 7, which can effectively improve the anti-high heat load capacity, is characterized in that: The criss-cross internal ribs include transverse ribs and longitudinal ribs; the transverse ribs are transverse internal ribs perpendicular to the flowing direction of the cooling water; the longitudinal ribs are longitudinal internal ribs parallel to the flowing direction of the cooling water.

9. The flat component of the divertor of a fusion reactor according to claim 1, which can effectively improve the anti-high heat load capacity, is characterized in that: Specifically, for the tungsten / copper gradient material, the gradient layer in contact with the tungsten sheet is the first layer, and the numbering value increases downward from this layer. The gradient layers are numbered as the first layer, the second layer, the third layer, the fourth layer, and the fifth layer. The volume content of tungsten in each layer of the gradient layer is 83.33%, 66.67%, 50%, 33.33%, and 16.67% respectively, or determined according to the stress relaxation calculation results. The thickness of the tungsten / copper gradient material is 1-5 mm, and the thickness of each layer is 0.2-1 mm.

10. A flat component of a divertor of a fusion reactor that effectively improves the ability to resist high heat loads, characterized in that: The tungsten / copper gradient material can be prepared by hot pressing, 3D printing, explosion spraying, or plasma spraying processes.

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