A small, self-adapting power generation system for the lunar surface

Abstract

The application provides a small adaptive power generation system for a moon surface, and relates to the technical field of thermoelectric power generation, and the system comprises, from top to bottom in a shell, a radiation module, a thermal expansion module, an upper heat conduction group, a thermoelectric power generation module, a lower heat conduction group and an energy storage module filled with an energy storage medium. The thermoelectric power generation module comprises a first thermoelectric power generation module and a second thermoelectric power generation module; the thermal expansion module comprises a thermal expansion sheet and a negative thermal expansion sheet; and the upper heat conduction group comprises a first heat conduction plate and a second heat conduction plate. The positions of the thermoelectric power generation modules, the heat conduction plates and the expansion sheets are one-to-one corresponding, so that the negative thermal expansion sheet drives the first heat conduction plate to contact or be separated from the first thermoelectric power generation module, and the expansion sheet drives the second heat conduction plate to contact or be separated from the second thermoelectric power generation module. Through the system provided by the application, the problem that the existing power generation device for a lunar base is difficult to simultaneously meet the long-term power generation target of small size, high efficiency, stability and low engineering quantity is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of thermoelectric power generation technology, and in particular to a small adaptive power generation system for the lunar surface. Background Technology

[0002] In recent years, my country's lunar exploration program has made significant progress, and the construction of the lunar research station is proceeding in an orderly manner in two phases: "basic" and "expanded." The goal of the first phase is to establish a comprehensive scientific research platform on the lunar surface with basic functions and key elements to support routine scientific experiments and the verification of resource development and utilization technologies. However, the construction and operation of the research station urgently require a long-term and stable energy guarantee. Currently, my country still faces challenges in lunar energy utilization, such as insufficient power generation and unstable power supply.

[0003] Currently, the main energy source for lunar exploration is solar power. However, the power generation capacity of solar panels is significantly limited in the extreme lunar environment. On the one hand, solar power relies on continuous sunlight and can only operate during lunar days, while the lunar night is a long period without power. On the other hand, the efficiency and lifespan of energy storage batteries will gradually decrease in the lunar environment with its alternating high and low temperatures. Therefore, relying solely on solar energy and batteries is insufficient to support the energy needs of the research station during the lunar night and even during long-term operation.

[0004] The first phase of lunar research station construction requires a highly efficient, small-scale, stable, and long-term power generation system capable of surviving and even operating during lunar nights. However, traditional solar cells combined with batteries are insufficient to meet energy demands due to limitations in size, weight, and lifespan. Addressing the unique lunar environment with its lack of atmosphere and extreme temperature differences between day and night, Chinese researchers proposed a method of generating electricity using the temperature difference between the lunar regolith's thermocline and its surface, storing the resulting energy in batteries. While this method can guarantee a continuous power supply, it requires excavating and modifying the lunar regolith for heat dissipation, resulting in a massive undertaking and high technical complexity, making it unsuitable for the first phase of lunar research station construction.

[0005] Therefore, constructing a small, efficient, stable, and low-engineering-scale long-term power generation system has become a key challenge in the energy design of current research stations. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the aforementioned problems, this invention provides a small-scale adaptive power generation system for the lunar surface, thereby solving the problem that existing power generation devices for lunar bases cannot simultaneously meet the long-term power generation goals of being small-scale, efficient, stable, and requiring minimal engineering work.

[0007] To achieve this objective, the present invention provides a small adaptive power generation system for the lunar surface, the technical solution of which is:

[0008] A small adaptive power generation system for the lunar surface, comprising a shell with an open top and a hollow interior, and a structure located within the shell:

[0009] Energy storage module, filled with energy storage medium;

[0010] Thermoelectric power generation module, including a first thermoelectric power generation module and a second thermoelectric power generation module connected to each other;

[0011] Thermal expansion module, including thermal expansion plate and negative thermal expansion plate;

[0012] A radiating module, at least partially extending from the top opening of the housing, is used for heat exchange with the external environment;

[0013] A heat-conducting module includes an upper heat-conducting group and a lower heat-conducting group, wherein the upper heat-conducting group includes a first heat-conducting plate and a second heat-conducting plate;

[0014] The radiation module, the thermal expansion module, the upper heat conduction group, the thermoelectric power generation module, the lower heat conduction group, and the energy storage module are sequentially arranged in contact with each other from the top to the bottom of the shell.

[0015] The first thermoelectric generator module, the first heat-conducting plate, and the negative thermal expansion plate are positioned opposite each other, as are the second thermoelectric generator module, the second heat-conducting plate, and the thermal expansion plate. The negative thermal expansion plate is used to drive the first heat-conducting plate to contact or detach from the first thermoelectric generator module, and the expansion plate is used to drive the second heat-conducting plate to contact or detach from the second thermoelectric generator module.

[0016] As one of the preferred embodiments, the lower heat-conducting assembly includes a third heat-conducting plate and a fourth heat-conducting plate. The third heat-conducting plate is in close contact with the first thermoelectric power generation module and the energy storage module, respectively, and the third heat-conducting plate is in close contact with the second thermoelectric power generation module and the energy storage module, respectively.

[0017] As one preferred embodiment, the housing includes:

[0018] An insulating frame, which encloses a square space to accommodate multiple modules;

[0019] Multiple insulation panels cover the periphery of the insulation frame, and openings are provided on corresponding insulation panels at the top of the insulation frame to allow at least a portion of the radiant module to extend out.

[0020] As one of the preferred solutions, the energy storage module includes:

[0021] An energy storage container has multiple internal chambers containing the energy storage medium; the energy storage container also has multiple pipes inside.

[0022] Multiple heat pipes, each heat pipe being embedded within each of the pipes.

[0023] As one preferred embodiment, each of the heat pipes is located between the plurality of the receiving chambers, and the heat pipes and the receiving chambers are parallel in the height direction of the housing.

[0024] As a preferred embodiment, the energy storage module further includes multiple baffles, at least one of the baffles is disposed in each of the receiving chambers, and each of the baffles has multiple through holes.

[0025] As one of the preferred embodiments, the radiation module includes:

[0026] The heat-conducting radiation plate has a first mounting hole and a second mounting hole on one side facing the thermal expansion module, and is provided with a plurality of heat-insulating supports; wherein, the negative thermal expansion sheet is fixed in the first mounting hole, the thermal expansion sheet is fixed in the second mounting hole, and the heat-insulating supports abut against the energy storage module;

[0027] A fin assembly, comprising multiple fins, is disposed on the side of the heat-conducting radiation plate opposite to the thermal expansion module;

[0028] The fin assembly extends out of the top opening of the housing, and the heat-conducting radiation plate is located inside the housing.

[0029] As one of the preferred embodiments, there are gaps between the negative thermal expansion sheet and the first mounting hole, and between the thermal expansion sheet and the second mounting hole.

[0030] As one of the preferred solutions, the upper end of the first thermoelectric generator module is the cold end and the lower end is the hot end; the upper end of the second thermoelectric generator module is the hot end and the lower end is the cold end.

[0031] As one of the preferred options, the thermoelectric power generation module further includes:

[0032] A voltage regulator is fixed to the outer surface of the energy storage module;

[0033] The wires connect the first thermoelectric generator module and the second thermoelectric generator module to the metal terminals of the voltage regulator, respectively.

[0034] Compared with the prior art, this application has the following advantages:

[0035] This invention provides a small adaptive power generation system for the lunar surface. The system includes a shell with an open top and a hollow interior, and within the shell: an energy storage module filled with an energy storage medium; a thermoelectric power generation module including a first thermoelectric power generation module and a second thermoelectric power generation module connected to each other; a thermal expansion module including a thermal expansion plate and a negative thermal expansion plate; a radiation module, at least partially extending from the top opening of the shell, for heat exchange with the external environment; and a heat conduction module including an upper heat conduction group and a lower heat conduction group, the upper heat conduction group including a first heat conduction plate and a second heat conduction plate; wherein the radiation module, thermal expansion module, upper heat conduction group, thermoelectric power generation module, lower heat conduction group, and energy storage module are sequentially arranged in contact from the top to the bottom of the shell; wherein the first thermoelectric power generation module, the first heat conduction plate, and the negative thermal expansion plate are positioned opposite each other, and the second thermoelectric power generation module, the second heat conduction plate, and the thermal expansion plate are positioned opposite each other, so that the negative thermal expansion plate drives the first heat conduction plate to contact or detach from the first thermoelectric power generation module, and the expansion plate drives the second heat conduction plate to contact or detach from the second thermoelectric power generation module.

[0036] The system provided in this application embodiment is based on thermoelectric power generation technology. Through the design of an energy storage system, the system simultaneously possesses heat collection and cooling functions, integrating the heat absorption and heat release ends. It utilizes a radiation module to simultaneously achieve heat absorption during lunar day and heat release during lunar night. Combined with a thermal expansion module, the system can dynamically select the high-temperature or low-temperature power generation module to operate according to changes in the external ambient temperature, achieving spontaneous, uninterrupted, and efficient power generation from the thermoelectric power generation module. Simultaneously, the power generation module does not operate in reverse according to day-night cycles, thus ensuring long-term operation. The modules are highly coupled, resulting in a compact structure, high system integration, and small size. The entire device is more suitable for the construction needs of lunar research stations and for the rapid installation of power generation facilities in extreme climate regions. Attached Figure Description

[0037] To more clearly illustrate the technical solution of this application, the drawings used in the description of this application will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0038] Figure 1 This is an exploded view of the structure of a small adaptive power generation system for the lunar surface provided in one embodiment of this application;

[0039] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a small adaptive power generation system for the lunar surface provided in one embodiment of this application;

[0040] Figure 3 This is a left-side structural view of a small adaptive power generation system for the lunar surface provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0041] Figure 4 yes Figure 3 Cross-sectional view along direction A;

[0042] Figure 5 yes Figure 3 Cross-sectional view along direction B;

[0043] Figure 6 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of a thermoelectric power generation module provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0044] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the working state of a small adaptive power generation system for the lunar surface in four stages, according to an embodiment of this application.

[0045] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0046] 1. Insulation board; 11. First insulation board; 111. Notch; 12. Second insulation board; 13. Third insulation board; 14. Fourth insulation board; 15. Fifth insulation board; 16. Sixth insulation board; 2. Radiant module; 21. Fin; 22. Thermally conductive radiant plate; 221. First mounting hole; 222. Second mounting hole; 23. Insulation support column; 3. Thermal expansion module; 31. Negative thermal expansion sheet; 32. Thermal expansion sheet; 4. Thermally conductive module; 41. First thermally conductive plate; 42. The sixth thermal expansion sheet; 43. Second heat-conducting plate; 44. Third heat-conducting plate; 5. Fourth heat-conducting plate; 6. Thermoelectric power generation module; 51. First thermoelectric power generation module; 52. Second thermoelectric power generation module; 53. Wire; 531. Voltage regulator; 532. First screw; 533. Metal terminal block; 534. Second screw; 6. Energy storage module; 61. Energy storage container; 611. Receiving chamber; 612. Pipe; 62. Heat pipe; 63. Baffle; 7. Insulation frame; 8. Insulation fixing plate; 9. Support casters. Detailed Implementation

[0047] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0048] This application first further elaborates on the current lunar thermoelectric power generation technology mentioned in the background section. This technology utilizes the temperature difference between the lunar regolith and the lunar surface to generate electricity. During the lunar day, the lunar surface temperature is higher than that of the lunar regolith, allowing the thermoelectric power generation module to produce a positive voltage. During the lunar night, the lunar surface temperature drops significantly, falling below that of the lunar regolith, causing the same thermoelectric power generation module to produce a reverse voltage. However, this technology requires not only removing lunar regolith and placing the bottom of the power generation device within it, but also modifying the surrounding lunar regolith. Without modification, the poor heat dissipation of the lunar regolith itself will significantly reduce power generation. Furthermore, in this design, the temperature difference between the two ends of the same thermoelectric power generation module alternates between opposite directions depending on the day and night, which reduces power generation efficiency and affects lifespan. Therefore, this technology has several insurmountable problems and is unsuitable for the needs of the first phase of lunar research station construction.

[0049] Among related technologies, some have proposed a scheme using thermal accumulators, power generation systems, and cold storage units to achieve alternating energy storage for continuous power supply. When there is sunlight, the thermal accumulator simultaneously absorbs and releases heat, while the cold storage unit only absorbs heat; when there is no sunlight, the thermal accumulator only releases heat, while the cold storage unit simultaneously absorbs and releases heat, thus enabling uninterrupted operation of the power generation system. However, in this scheme, the thermal accumulator and cold storage unit are separate, resulting in low integration, difficulty in installation, and large size, making it unsuitable for the needs of the first phase of construction. Furthermore, the structure of the thermal accumulator and cold storage unit themselves is not suitable for direct use in the lunar environment, resulting in low energy storage density and low power generation, failing to meet the stringent requirements of high power generation and high power generation stability needed for the first phase of lunar research station construction.

[0050] In view of this, this invention aims to utilize the unique temperature difference environment of the lunar surface for thermoelectric power generation, proposing a novel small-scale adaptive power generation system for the lunar surface. Using water as the working fluid and employing a multi-column chamber energy storage structure, combined with expansion materials and negative expansion materials with different thermal expansion characteristics, the system can adaptively adjust according to external light conditions, realizing a highly efficient energy conversion system integrating heat storage, cold storage, and thermoelectric power generation. This system can effectively solve the problem of insufficient power generation and unsustainable power supply during the lunar night, complementing other power generation methods and providing peak and frequency regulation. Simultaneously, its compact structure, high degree of integration, and small size eliminate the need for excavating and modifying lunar soil, making it particularly suitable for the stringent requirements of miniaturization, stability, high efficiency, and engineering simplicity for the current first-phase lunar research station, thus promoting the practical application of lunar-based energy systems.

[0051] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, Figure 1 This is an exploded view of the structure of a small adaptive power generation system for the lunar surface as shown in this invention. Figure 2 Showing Figure 1A diagram showing the overall composition of the assembled system. (Example) Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the present invention provides a small adaptive power generation system for the lunar surface. The system includes a shell with an open top and a hollow interior, and the following components located inside the shell: an energy storage module 6 filled with an energy storage medium; a thermoelectric power generation module 5, including a first thermoelectric power generation module 51 and a second thermoelectric power generation module 52 connected to each other; a thermal expansion module 3, including a thermal expansion plate 32 and a negative thermal expansion plate 31; a radiation module 2, at least partially extending from the top opening of the shell for heat exchange with the external environment; and a heat conduction module 4, including an upper heat conduction group and a lower heat conduction group, the upper heat conduction group including a first heat conduction plate 41 and a second heat conduction plate 42; wherein the radiation module 2, the thermal expansion module 3, the upper heat conduction group, the thermoelectric power generation module 5, the lower heat conduction group, and the energy storage module 6 are sequentially arranged in contact from the top to the bottom of the shell.

[0052] In this configuration, the first thermoelectric power generation module 51, the first heat-conducting plate 41, and the negative thermal expansion plate 31 are positioned opposite each other, and the second thermoelectric power generation module 52, the second heat-conducting plate 42, and the thermal expansion plate 32 are positioned opposite each other. The negative thermal expansion plate 31 is used to drive the first heat-conducting plate 41 to contact or detach from the first thermoelectric power generation module 51, while the expansion plate is used to drive the second heat-conducting plate 42 to contact or detach from the second thermoelectric power generation module 52.

[0053] Specifically, the system provided in this embodiment is an integrated, small-scale, adaptive power generation system based on the diurnal temperature variation characteristics of the lunar surface. The main body of the system consists of a shell with an open top and a hollow interior. Inside the shell, multiple functional modules are arranged sequentially from top to bottom (radiation module 2, thermal expansion module 3, upper heat conduction group, thermoelectric power generation module 5, lower heat conduction group, and energy storage module 6). According to the arrangement sequence, adjacent modules are arranged in contact, thus enabling each module to perform its function while working collaboratively with others, and also effectively utilizing the space within the shell.

[0054] The energy storage module 6 is located at the bottom of the shell and occupies most of the space inside the shell. The energy storage module 6 is filled with an energy storage medium. During the lunar day, the energy storage medium absorbs heat and releases heat during the lunar night. The heat is then transferred to the lower heat conduction group in contact with it, and then to the thermoelectric power generation module 5 to establish the conditions for thermoelectric power generation.

[0055] Preferably, water is used as the energy storage medium. Compared with other thermal storage materials, water has a higher energy storage density, is pollution-free and easy to recycle, and has more stable physicochemical properties, allowing for long-term use in the extreme environment of the moon. After absorbing a large amount of heat, the water becomes high-temperature, high-pressure steam, which then dissipates heat and condenses back into liquid water, achieving a heat cycle of the water medium.

[0056] The thermoelectric power generation module 5 is positioned above the energy storage module 6 and below the thermal expansion module 3. A lower heat conduction group is installed between the thermoelectric power generation module 5 and the energy storage module 6 to facilitate heat transfer between them. An upper heat conduction group is installed between the thermoelectric power generation module 5 and the thermal expansion module 3 to facilitate heat transfer between them. A radiation module 2 is installed above the thermal expansion module 3. The radiation module 2 is used for heat exchange with the external environment. For example, during lunar daytime, it absorbs a large amount of heat, raising its temperature and transferring the heat to the thermal expansion module 3; during lunar nighttime, it dissipates heat, lowering its temperature and transferring the cold energy to the thermal expansion module 3.

[0057] The thermal expansion module 3 includes two types of expansion plates with opposite expansion characteristics: a thermal expansion plate 32 and a negative thermal expansion plate 31. The thermal expansion plate 32 expands when the temperature rises and contracts back to its initial state when the temperature falls. Conversely, the negative thermal expansion plate 31 contracts back to its initial state when the temperature rises and expands when the temperature falls. Therefore, the thermal expansion module 3 (thermal expansion plate 32 and negative thermal expansion plate 31) expands and contracts with the temperature, thereby driving the upper heat-conducting assembly (first heat-conducting plate 41 and second heat-conducting plate 42) connected to it to move.

[0058] In this embodiment, the thermal expansion module 3 is fixed below the radiation module 2, and their positions remain constant. An upper heat-conducting assembly is fixed below the thermal expansion module 3 and is movably positioned above the thermoelectric power generation module 5. The thermal expansion module 3 makes contact with the thermoelectric power generation module 5 through the upper heat-conducting assembly. In the non-expansion state, the upper heat-conducting assembly is not in contact with the thermoelectric power generation module 5. When expanding, the thermal expansion module 3 moves the upper heat-conducting assembly fixed above it towards the thermoelectric power generation module 5 until the upper heat-conducting assembly contacts the thermoelectric power generation module 5, thus the thermal expansion module 3, the upper heat-conducting assembly, and the thermoelectric power generation module 5 are sequentially pressed together. When contracting, the thermal expansion module 3 moves the upper heat-conducting assembly fixed above it away from the thermoelectric power generation module 5 until the upper heat-conducting assembly disengages from the thermoelectric power generation module 5.

[0059] In some embodiments, the lower heat-conducting assembly is in fixed contact with the thermoelectric power generation module 5.

[0060] Specifically, the thermoelectric power generation module 5 includes a first thermoelectric power generation module 51 and a second thermoelectric power generation module 52 arranged horizontally at intervals, and the two thermoelectric power generation modules are electrically connected together. The upper heat conduction group includes a first heat conduction plate 41 and a second heat conduction plate 42 arranged horizontally at intervals. The upper part of the first thermoelectric power generation module 51 is in movable contact with the first heat conduction plate 41, and the upper part of the first heat conduction plate 41 is fixed to the lower surface of the negative thermal expansion sheet 31. The upper part of the second thermoelectric power generation module 52 is in movable contact with the second heat conduction plate 42, and the upper part of the second heat conduction plate 42 is fixed to the lower surface of the thermal expansion sheet 32.

[0061] Therefore, since the expansion characteristics of the thermal expansion plate 32 and the negative thermal expansion plate 31 are opposite, when the radiation module 2 at the top of the shell absorbs heat and its temperature rises, the heat is transferred to the thermal expansion plate 32 and the negative thermal expansion plate 31. The thermal expansion plate 32 expands while the negative thermal expansion plate 31 contracts. The negative thermal expansion plate 31 causes the first heat-conducting plate 41 to disengage from the first thermoelectric power generation module 51, while the thermal expansion plate 32 causes the second heat-conducting plate 42 to contact the second thermoelectric power generation module 52. Therefore, the heat absorbed by the radiation module 2 is transferred to the second thermoelectric power generation module 52 and not to the first thermoelectric power generation module 51. A temperature difference is generated on both sides of the second thermoelectric power generation module 52, and lunar daytime power generation begins. The temperature of the energy storage module 6 continues to rise, and the energy storage medium inside it heats up and becomes high-temperature, high-pressure water vapor.

[0062] When the radiation module 2 at the top of the casing dissipates heat and its temperature decreases, the cold energy is transferred to the thermal expansion plate 32 and the negative thermal expansion plate 31. The thermal expansion plate 32 contracts while the negative thermal expansion plate 31 expands. The negative thermal expansion plate 31 causes the first heat-conducting plate 41 to contact the first thermoelectric power generation module 51, while the thermal expansion plate 32 causes the second heat-conducting plate 42 to disengage from the second thermoelectric power generation module 52. Therefore, the cold energy of the radiation module 2 is transferred to the first thermoelectric power generation module 51 but not to the second thermoelectric power generation module 52. The temperature of the energy storage module 6 is transferred to the first thermoelectric power generation module 51, and a temperature difference is generated on both sides of the first thermoelectric power generation module 51, which then begins to generate electricity. The temperature of the energy storage module 6 continues to decrease, and the energy storage medium inside it re-condenses into a water medium.

[0063] Thus, by utilizing the physical response characteristics of the thermal expansion plate 32 and the negative thermal expansion plate 31, this system achieves automatic coupling / decoupling between the heat conduction path and the two thermoelectric power generation modules without the need for external control circuitry. The system can dynamically select the high-temperature or low-temperature power generation module to operate based on changes in the external ambient temperature, achieving spontaneous, continuous, and efficient power generation day and night.

[0064] It is known that the transition from lunar day to lunar night is a continuous and slow process; therefore, the positions of the thermal expansion plate 32 and the negative thermal expansion plate 31 are not switched immediately. During the operation of the entire system, such as... Figure 7 As shown, Figure 7 This diagram illustrates the operating states of a small adaptive power generation system for the lunar surface according to an embodiment of the present invention in four stages. The system mainly operates in four stages:

[0065] In the first stage (early lunar day), all water condenses at the bottom of the energy storage module 6, resulting in extremely low temperatures. The top radiation module 2 absorbs solar radiation and rapidly heats up, conducting heat to the thermal expansion plate 32 and the negative thermal expansion plate 31. Both expansion plates also heat up rapidly. The negative thermal expansion plate 31 contracts, while the thermal expansion plate 32 expands. The upper part of the first thermoelectric power generation module 51 separates from the first heat-conducting plate 41, while the upper part of the second thermoelectric power generation module 52 comes into contact with the second heat-conducting plate 42. A temperature difference is generated on both sides of the second thermoelectric power generation module 52, and it begins to generate electricity continuously, causing the temperature of the energy storage module 6 to rise continuously.

[0066] In the second stage (the end of the lunar day), the temperature difference between the inside and outside of the second thermoelectric power generation module 52 is very small. After absorbing heat for a long time during the lunar day, a large amount of high-temperature and high-pressure water vapor has been stored in the energy storage module 6.

[0067] In the second stage (early moonlit night), all the water has been converted into high-temperature, high-pressure steam and stored in the energy storage module 6. The temperature of the entire energy storage module 6 is extremely high. The top radiant module 2 emits heat radiation to rapidly cool down the module, causing the thermal expansion plate 32 and the negative thermal expansion plate 31 to also cool down rapidly. The negative thermal expansion plate 31 expands, while the thermal expansion plate 32 contracts. The upper part of the first thermoelectric power generation module 51 comes into contact with the first heat-conducting plate 41, while the upper part of the second thermoelectric power generation module 52 separates from the second heat-conducting plate 42. A temperature difference is generated on both sides of the first thermoelectric power generation module 51, and it begins to generate electricity continuously, while the temperature of the energy storage module 6 continues to decrease.

[0068] In the fourth stage (late lunar night), the temperature difference between the inside and outside of the first thermoelectric power generation module 51 is very small. After a long period of heat dissipation during the lunar night, the water in the energy storage module 6 has turned into low-temperature ice and condensed at the bottom of the chamber, and then circulates back into the first stage.

[0069] In some embodiments, the lower heat-conducting assembly is fixed to the lower surfaces of the first thermoelectric power generation module 51 and the second thermoelectric power generation module 52, and simultaneously fixed to the upper surface of the energy storage module 6. The lower heat-conducting assembly can be a heat-conducting plate with a large area, preferably such that the first thermoelectric power generation module 51 and the second thermoelectric power generation module 52 are both located within or just within the heat-conducting plate, facilitating heat transfer between the two thermoelectric power generation modules and the energy storage module 6 below them.

[0070] In some embodiments, the sizes of the thermoelectric power generation module, the heat conduction plate, and the expansion plate that are positioned opposite each other are matched or similar.

[0071] Preferably, the lower heat-conducting assembly includes a third heat-conducting plate 43 and a fourth heat-conducting plate 44. The third heat-conducting plate 43 is in close contact with the first thermoelectric power generation module 51 and the energy storage module 6, respectively, and is also in close contact with the second thermoelectric power generation module 52 and the energy storage module 6, respectively. Therefore, the first heat-conducting plate 41 and the third heat-conducting plate 43 sandwich the first thermoelectric power generation module 51 in the middle, and the second heat-conducting plate 42 and the fourth heat-conducting plate 44 sandwich the second thermoelectric power generation module 52 in the middle, facilitating heat transfer between the two thermoelectric power generation modules and the radiation module 2 and energy storage module 6 above and below them. This also further reduces the size of the lower heat-conducting assembly, further meeting the design goals of structural miniaturization and lightweighting.

[0072] Furthermore, when the first thermoelectric power generation module 51 and the second thermoelectric power generation module 52 are in different operating conditions (such as one generating electricity and the other waiting as mentioned above), the corresponding heat-conducting plate is used separately to ensure that the thermoelectric power generation module in the power generation state transfers heat to the radiation module 2 and the energy storage module 6 above and below it, without causing heat to be lost to other non-contact areas of the heat-conducting plate, thereby reducing the structural weight while ensuring heat exchange efficiency.

[0073] In some embodiments, the first heat-conducting plate 41, the second heat-conducting plate 42, the third heat-conducting plate 43, and the fourth heat-conducting plate 44 are all thermal grease plates.

[0074] In summary, this invention, based on thermoelectric power generation technology, designs an energy storage system that simultaneously possesses heat collection and cooling functions. By combining the heat absorption and heat release ends, and utilizing the radiation module 2, it simultaneously achieves heat absorption during lunar daytime and heat release during lunar nighttime. Combined with the thermal expansion module 3, the system can dynamically select the high-temperature or low-temperature power generation module to operate based on changes in the external ambient temperature, achieving spontaneous, uninterrupted, and efficient power generation from the thermoelectric power generation module 5, while operating over a long service life. The modules are highly coupled, resulting in a compact structure, high system integration, and small size. The entire device is more suitable for the construction needs of lunar research stations and for the rapid installation of power generation facilities in extreme climate regions.

[0075] The thermal expansion module 3 is designed using thermally expanding materials with opposite expansion properties and negative thermal expansion materials. These materials sense changes in the light and heat of the external environment. Due to the unique vacuum environment of the moon, heat conduction between the thermally conductive silicone grease and the thermoelectric generator module 5 is primarily conductive, with little thermal radiation. The expansion and contraction of the two expansion plates self-regulate the conduction and blockage of heat transfer between the thermoelectric generator module 5 and the thermally conductive silicone grease.

[0076] Preferably, the upper end of the first thermoelectric power generation module 51 near the first heat-conducting plate 41 is the cold end, and the lower end in contact with the third heat-conducting plate 43 is the hot end; the upper end of the second thermoelectric power generation module 52 near the second heat-conducting plate 42 is the hot end, and the lower end in contact with the fourth heat-conducting plate 44 is the cold end. Matching the above four stages of operation switching states, the hot end and cold end in the same thermoelectric power generation module are fixed, thereby achieving a constant voltage output direction. The same thermoelectric power generation module does not operate in reverse with changes in day and night, ensuring the efficient long-term operation of the thermoelectric power generation module 5, and also avoiding the problem of adjusting the voltage in the same direction, thereby improving the service life of the thermoelectric power generation module 5.

[0077] Furthermore, such as Figure 6 As shown, Figure 6 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the thermoelectric power generation module 5. The thermoelectric power generation module 5 also includes a voltage regulator 531, a first screw 532 and a second screw 534, a metal terminal block 533, and wires 53. The outer casing of the voltage regulator 531 is made of heat-insulating material and is fixed to the upper center of the front side of the energy storage module 6 by the first screw 532 and the second screw 534. The lower surfaces of the first thermoelectric power generation module 51 and the second thermoelectric power generation module 52 are fixed to the lower heat-conducting assembly, and the lower surface of the lower heat-conducting assembly is fixed to the upper surface of the energy storage container 61 for heat exchange. The positive and negative output terminals of the first thermoelectric power generation module 51 and the second thermoelectric power generation module 52 are connected to the metal terminal block 533 of the voltage regulator 531 by the wires 53, adjusting the voltage to a stable value for output to the electrical appliance.

[0078] Furthermore, the housing includes: an insulating frame 7, which encloses a square space to accommodate multiple modules; and multiple insulating panels 1, which cover the periphery of the insulating frame 7 and have openings on corresponding insulating panels 1 at the top of the insulating frame 7, the openings allowing at least a portion of the radiation module 2 to extend out.

[0079] In this embodiment, the thermal insulation frame 7 can specifically be a cubic or cuboid frame structure, internally used to house functional modules such as the energy storage module 6, the heat conduction module 4, and the thermoelectric power generation module 5, arranged in sequence. The thermal insulation plate 1 is specifically an external thermal insulation protective layer, equivalent to an insulation shell, preventing heat loss from the system's perimeter. Both the thermal insulation plate 1 and the thermal insulation frame 7 are made of non-metallic materials, allowing heat to enter (or dissipate) from the top heat sink, confining the heat within the three-dimensional thermal insulation structure formed by the thermal insulation plate 1 and the thermal insulation frame 7, thereby controlling the heat transfer to the thermoelectric power generation module 5 for power generation.

[0080] For example, six radiation-insulating heat insulation panels 1 are adhered to a non-metallic heat insulation frame 7, almost completely enclosing the power generation system, with only the radiating module 2 (fins 21 and heat-conducting radiating plate 22) exposed to the outside. The heat insulation panels 1 are designed to be seamlessly connected as a whole. Figure 1As shown in the exploded view, the first insulation plate 11, the second insulation plate 12, the third insulation plate 13, the fourth insulation plate 14, the fifth insulation plate 15 and the sixth insulation plate 16 are divided into six different directions for easy observation. They are respectively attached to the top side, right side, rear side, left side, bottom side and front side of the cubic insulation frame 7. In order to facilitate the observation of the multifunctional module inside the shell, the sixth insulation plate 16 on the front side is not shown. The first insulation plate 11 on the top side is provided with a square notch 111 for heat exchange between the fins 21 and the heat-conducting radiation plate 22.

[0081] The notch 111 on the first insulation plate 11 is the only window for the entire system to connect with the external thermal environment of the moon. It helps to maintain the insulation closure in other directions, strengthens thermal energy control, and ensures that the radiation module 2 can be exposed to space for heat transfer.

[0082] In another embodiment, the energy storage module 6 includes: an energy storage container 61, which has multiple receiving chambers 611 inside, and the receiving chambers 611 contain an energy storage medium; wherein, the energy storage container 61 also has multiple pipes 612 inside; and multiple heat pipes 62, each heat pipe 62 being embedded in each pipe 612.

[0083] Please see Figures 3-5 , Figure 3 A left-side structural diagram of a small adaptive power generation system for the lunar surface is shown. Figure 4 yes Figure 3 Cross-sectional view along direction A; Figure 5 yes Figure 3 A cross-sectional view along direction B. In this embodiment, the energy storage container 61 in the energy storage module 6 is made of high-strength steel, has a cubic shape, and is located within the insulation frame 7. The size of the energy storage container 61 is slightly smaller than the size of the insulation frame 7, occupying a larger portion of the space enclosed by the insulation frame 7. Multiple receiving chambers 611 are carved within the energy storage container 61, specifically cylindrical spherical end-capped chambers. Multiple pipes 612 are also carved within the container, specifically L-shaped long tubular cavities. The receiving chambers 611 are used to store the energy storage medium (e.g., water), and the pipes 612 are used to embed heat pipes 62 to enhance heat exchange.

[0084] Preferably, a perforated baffle is also provided in the chamber. The baffle 63 has several through holes and is installed in each receiving chamber 611 to prevent water vapor from boiling over and impacting the end cap of the cylindrical spherical end cap chamber, causing damage. The lower surface of the energy storage container 61 is fixed to the heat insulation fixing plate 8, which is also made of non-metallic material. The lower surface of the heat insulation fixing plate 8 is fixed to four adjustable support casters 9. The heat insulation frame 7 is fixed to the side of the heat insulation fixing plate 8. The heat insulation frame 7 is fixed to the heat insulation fixing plate 8 and the heat insulation plate 1, which is equivalent to the entire device being encased in a radiation-insulating shell.

[0085] Therefore, this embodiment of the invention uses water as the energy storage medium, which is stored in an independent multi-chamber energy storage container 61. After absorbing a large amount of heat, the water becomes high-pressure steam. The vacuum environment of the moon will generate a large amount of pressure on the device. The independent multi-chamber design can increase the gas storage capacity of the device, while increasing the heat exchange area of ​​the energy storage medium and accelerating the heat exchange efficiency. Each chamber 611 is a slender tubular chamber with strong pressure resistance, large heat exchange area, and high space utilization. Heat pipes 62 are embedded in it to accelerate heat conduction, ensure uniform temperature, and create a compact structure.

[0086] Preferably, each heat pipe 62 is located between multiple receiving chambers 611, and the heat pipe 62 and the receiving chambers 611 are parallel in the height direction of the shell. The energy storage container 61 is placed vertically, and the heat pipes 62 and the receiving chambers 611 also extend vertically with similar extension lengths, consistent with the overall heat flow direction of the module. This allows the heat pipes 62 to improve the uniform and efficient heat transfer between the chambers with a smaller volume, thereby enhancing the overall energy storage efficiency.

[0087] Preferably, the inner diameter of the heat pipe 62 is smaller than the inner diameter of the receiving chamber 611.

[0088] In some embodiments, heat pipes 62 may be evenly spaced among multiple receiving chambers 611, or they may be distributed or staggered among multiple receiving chambers 611.

[0089] Preferably, one or more baffles 63 may be provided in each receiving chamber 611. In the case of multiple baffles 63, the multiple baffles 63 may be spaced apart along the height direction in the top region of the receiving chamber 611.

[0090] This embodiment describes the radiation module 2. The radiation module 2 includes: a heat-conducting radiation plate 22, with a first mounting hole 221 and a second mounting hole 222 on the side facing the thermal expansion module 3, and a plurality of heat-insulating supports 23; wherein, a negative thermal expansion sheet 31 is fixed in the first mounting hole 221, a thermal expansion sheet 32 ​​is fixed in the second mounting hole 222, and the heat-insulating supports 23 abut against the energy storage module 6; a fin assembly, including a plurality of fins 21, is disposed on the side of the heat-conducting radiation plate 22 away from the thermal expansion module 3; wherein, the fin assembly extends out of the notch 111 opened at the top of the housing, and the heat-conducting radiation plate 22 is located inside the housing.

[0091] In this embodiment, the thermally conductive radiation plate 22 is located inside the shell, and its upper surface still contacts the external environment through the notch 111 at the top of the shell, effectively collecting and dissipating thermal radiation from the external environment. Two mounting holes are provided on the lower surface of the thermally conductive radiation plate 22 to fix the negative thermal expansion plate 31 and the thermal expansion plate 32, respectively, further improving structural integration. The thermal insulation support column 23 is also provided on the lower surface of the thermally conductive radiation plate 22, abutting against the top side of the energy storage container 61 of the energy storage module 6, supporting the thermally conductive radiation plate 22 and its fin assembly. The fin assembly consists of multiple fins 21 arranged together, and the entire fin assembly extends through the notch 111 at the top of the shell to directly radiate heat to the lunar external environment, thereby increasing the absorption and heat dissipation area at different operating stages and enhancing the radiative heat exchange efficiency of the thermally conductive radiation plate 22.

[0092] The height of the thermal insulation support 23 is the distance between the lower surface of the thermal radiation plate 22 and the top side of the energy storage container 61. This distance is designed to accommodate the lower thermal conductive group, the thermoelectric power generation module 5 and the upper thermal conductive group, while also accommodating the range of motion of the expansion plate driving the corresponding thermal conductive plate.

[0093] Preferably, there are gaps between the negative thermal expansion plate 31 and the first mounting hole 221, and between the thermal expansion plate 32 and the second mounting hole 222.

[0094] like Figure 5 As shown, two square holes are formed on the lower surface of the heat-conducting radiation plate 22, serving as the first mounting hole 221 and the second mounting hole 222, respectively, to adhere the negative thermal expansion sheet 31 and the thermal expansion sheet 32, with gaps left between them to prevent stress damage. A non-metallic heat-insulating support column 23 is attached to the lower part of the heat-conducting radiation plate 22, and the lower end of the heat-insulating support column 23 is connected to the top side of the energy storage container 61. The lower surfaces of both expansion sheets are combined with the lower heat-conducting assembly (the first heat-conducting plate 41 and the second heat-conducting plate 42). In the non-expanded state, neither the first heat-conducting plate 41 nor the second heat-conducting plate 42 contacts the first thermoelectric power generation module 51 and the second thermoelectric power generation module 52 in the thermoelectric power generation module 5.

[0095] In summary, compared to the shortcomings of current lunar-based thermoelectric power generation systems, the small-scale adaptive power generation system for the lunar surface proposed in this invention uses water as the energy storage medium. The independent multi-chamber design increases the device's gas storage capacity and simultaneously increases the heat exchange area of ​​the working medium, accelerating heat exchange efficiency. The chamber design employs slender tubular chambers, which have strong pressure resistance, large heat exchange area, and high space utilization. Heat pipes 62 are embedded within these chambers to accelerate heat conduction, ensure uniform temperature, and create a compact structure. Furthermore, the design utilizes negative heat / thermal expansion materials, enabling the energy storage system to simultaneously store heat and cold. A temperature difference with the external environment facilitates thermoelectric conversion, achieving continuous self-circulation and power generation. The expansion material controls the thermoelectric power generation module 5 to maintain a long service life, allowing for continuous and efficient operation during lunar day and night. By combining the heat absorption and release ends and designing a single thermally conductive radiant plate 22, the system simultaneously achieves heat absorption during lunar day and heat release during lunar night. The energy storage module 6 and the thermoelectric power generation module 5 are highly coupled and integrated into a lightweight design. The entire device is more suitable for the construction needs of the lunar research station, providing a guarantee for the energy supply in the first phase of the lunar research station construction, while also providing a reference for the development of the energy system in the second phase. In addition, it is also suitable for the rapid installation of power generation facilities in extreme climate regions.

[0096] It should be noted that the various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, with each embodiment focusing on the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referred to each other.

[0097] It should also be noted that, in this document, the terms "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of the invention. Furthermore, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations, nor should they be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. Moreover, the term "comprising" or any other variation thereof is intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or terminal device that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or terminal device.

[0098] The foregoing has provided a detailed description of a small adaptive power generation system for the lunar surface provided in this application. Specific examples have been used to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of this application. The descriptions of the above embodiments are merely for the purpose of aiding understanding this application, and the content of this specification should not be construed as limiting this application. Furthermore, those skilled in the art will recognize that various modifications and variations in the specific implementation methods and application scope may occur based on this application. It is neither necessary nor possible to exhaustively list all implementation methods here, and any obvious changes or modifications derived therefrom are still within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A small, self-adapting power generation system for the lunar surface, characterized in that, The system comprises a shell with a top opening and an internal cavity, and a plurality of modules arranged in the shell, wherein the modules comprise: a thermal expansion module comprising a thermal expansion sheet and a negative thermal expansion sheet; a radiation module at least partially extending from the top opening of the shell for heat exchange with the external environment; a heat conduction module comprising an upper heat conduction group and a lower heat conduction group, wherein the upper heat conduction group comprises a first heat conduction plate and a second heat conduction plate; a thermal expansion module comprising a thermal expansion sheet and a negative thermal expansion sheet; a radiation module at least partially extending from the top opening of the shell for heat exchange with the external environment; a heat conduction module comprising an upper heat conduction group and a lower heat conduction group, wherein the upper heat conduction group comprises a first heat conduction plate and a second heat conduction plate; wherein the radiation module, the thermal expansion module, the upper heat conduction group, the thermoelectric module, the lower heat conduction group and the energy storage module are sequentially arranged from the top to the bottom of the shell; 2. A small self-adapting power generation system for the moon surface according to claim 1, characterized in that, wherein the first thermoelectric module, the first heat conduction plate and the negative thermal expansion sheet are oppositely arranged, and the second thermoelectric module, the second heat conduction plate and the thermal expansion sheet are oppositely arranged, so as to drive the first heat conduction plate to contact or separate from the first thermoelectric module by the negative thermal expansion sheet, and to drive the second heat conduction plate to contact or separate from the second thermoelectric module by the thermal expansion sheet.

3. A small self-adapting power generation system for lunar surface as claimed in claim 1 wherein, The lower heat conduction group comprises a third heat conduction plate and a fourth heat conduction plate, wherein the third heat conduction plate is in close contact with the first thermoelectric module and the energy storage module, and the fourth heat conduction plate is in close contact with the second thermoelectric module and the energy storage module. The shell comprises: a heat insulation frame forming a square space for accommodating the modules; 4. A small self-adapting power generation system for lunar surface as claimed in claim 1 wherein, a plurality of heat insulation plates wrapped around the periphery of the heat insulation frame, and a corresponding heat insulation plate arranged on the top of the heat insulation frame is provided with an opening for allowing at least part of the radiation module to extend out. The energy storage module comprises: an energy storage container provided with a plurality of accommodation cavities containing the energy storage medium, and a plurality of pipelines are formed in the energy storage container; 5. A small self-adapting power generation system for the moon surface according to claim 4, characterized in that, a plurality of heat pipes embedded in each pipeline.

6. A small self-adapting power generation system for a lunar surface according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that, Each heat pipe is located between a plurality of accommodation cavities, and the heat pipe is parallel to the accommodation cavities in the height direction of the shell.

7. A small self-adapting power generation system for lunar surface as claimed in claim 1, wherein, The energy storage module further comprises a plurality of baffles, at least one baffle is arranged in each accommodation cavity, and a plurality of through holes are formed in each baffle. The radiation module comprises: a heat-conducting radiation plate provided with a first mounting hole and a second mounting hole on one side facing the thermal expansion module, and a plurality of heat insulation supports are arranged on the heat-conducting radiation plate; wherein the first mounting hole is fixed with the negative thermal expansion sheet, the second mounting hole is fixed with the thermal expansion sheet, and the heat insulation supports abut to the energy storage module; a fin group comprising a plurality of fins arranged on the side of the heat-conducting radiation plate away from the thermal expansion module; 8. A small self-adapting power generation system for a lunar surface according to claim 7, wherein, wherein the fin group extends out of the top opening of the shell, and the heat-conducting radiation plate is located in the shell.

9. A small self-adapting power generation system for lunar surface as claimed in claim 1, wherein, The negative thermal expansion sheet and the first mounting hole, and the thermal expansion sheet and the second mounting hole have gaps therebetween. The upper end of the first thermoelectric module is the cold end, and the lower end is the hot end; the upper end of the second thermoelectric module is the hot end, and the lower end is the cold end.

10. A small self-adapting power generation system for a lunar surface according to claim 1 or 9, characterized in that, The thermoelectric power generation module further comprises: a voltage stabilizer fixed on the outer surface of the energy storage module; wires respectively connecting the first thermoelectric power generation module and the second thermoelectric power generation module with metal terminals of the voltage stabilizer.

Images