Solar cell and preparation method thereof, photovoltaic module

Abstract

The present invention relates to a solar cell, a method for preparing the same, and a photovoltaic module. The solar cell comprises a substrate, a SAM hole transport layer, a silane coupling agent layer, a perovskite light absorbing layer, and an electrode layer. The SAM hole transport layer is disposed on the substrate. The silane coupling agent layer is disposed on the SAM hole transport layer. The perovskite light absorbing layer is disposed on the silane coupling agent layer. The electrode layer is disposed on the perovskite light absorbing layer. The solar cell comprises a silane coupling agent layer disposed on the SAM hole transport layer. The silane coupling agent layer can reduce the effects of environmental factors such as moisture and oxygen on the SAM, thereby preventing significant molecular rearrangement or hydrolysis reactions in the SAM during prolonged storage, reducing hydrolysis, oxidation, and other degradation reactions of the SAM, and thereby preventing degradation of the solar cell's performance.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of photovoltaic technology, and in particular to a solar cell and a preparation method thereof, and a photovoltaic module. Background Art

[0002] SAMs (self-assembled monolayer materials) such as 2PACz ((2-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)ethyl)phosphonic acid), MeO-2PACz (methoxy-(2-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)ethyl)phosphonic acid), and Me-4PACz ((4-(3,6-dimethyl-9H-carbazol-9-yl)butyl)phosphonic acid) can be used as hole transport materials for solar cells and light-emitting diodes.

[0003] Currently, SAMs have been reported to be fabricated via wet processes such as spin coating, spray coating, doctor blade coating, slit coating, and inkjet printing, as well as vacuum thermal evaporation deposition. In perovskite solar cells, a transparent conductive oxide substrate is typically first treated with plasma or UV-ozone to generate hydroxyl groups (-OH), followed by coating with a solution containing the SAM. The SAM is anchored to the substrate via a reaction between anchoring groups and the hydroxyl groups. A perovskite light-absorbing layer is then deposited on top of the resulting SAM hole-transport layer.

[0004] However, studies have shown that the longer the device with a SAM hole transport layer deposited before the perovskite light-absorbing layer is stored, the worse the performance of the solar cell, such as conversion efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Based on this, it is necessary to provide a solar cell and its preparation method, and a photovoltaic module to solve the problem that the longer the storage time of the device with a SAM hole transport layer deposited, the worse the performance of the solar cell, such as conversion efficiency.

[0006] The first aspect of the present invention is to provide a solar cell, the scheme is as follows:

[0007] A solar cell comprising:

[0008] substrate;

[0009] A SAM hole transport layer is provided on the substrate;

[0010] a silane coupling agent layer, disposed on the SAM hole transport layer;

[0011] a perovskite light-absorbing layer, disposed on the silane coupling agent layer;

[0012] The electron transport layer, the buffer layer and the electrode layer are arranged on the perovskite light absorption layer.

[0013] In one embodiment, the silane coupling agent contained in the silane coupling agent layer includes one or more of fluorine-containing silane, aminosilane, epoxysilane, mercaptosilane, vinylsilane, methylsilane, phenylsilane and aldehyde silane.

[0014] In one embodiment, the fluorine-containing silane includes one or more of trifluoropropylsilane, perfluoroalkylsilane, fluorophenylsilane, fluoroalkoxysilane and fluorine-containing aminosilane, the aminosilane includes one or more of γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, γ-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, N-(2-aminoethyl)-3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, aminoethylaminopropyltriethoxysilane, aminomethyltriethoxysilane and p-aminophenyltriethoxysilane, the epoxysilane includes γ-glycidyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, γ-glycidyloxypropyltriethoxysilane, 2-(3,4-epoxycyclohexyl)ethyltrimethoxysilane, β-(3,4-epoxycyclohexyl)ethyltriethoxysilane, epoxymethyltrimethoxysilane and bis(3, The present invention relates to one or more of the following: the 4-epoxycyclohexyl)ethyldimethoxysilane, the mercaptosilane includes one or more of γ-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane, γ-mercaptopropyltriethoxysilane and mercaptoethyltrimethoxysilane, the vinylsilane includes one or more of vinyltrimethoxysilane, vinyltriethoxysilane and vinyldimethoxyethoxysilane, the methylsilane includes one or more of methyltrimethoxysilane, dimethyldiethoxysilane and trimethylmethoxysilane, the phenylsilane includes one or more of phenyltriethoxysilane, phenyltrimethoxysilane and diphenyldimethoxysilane, the aldehyde silane includes one or more of aldehyde propyltrimethoxysilane, aldehyde ethyltrimethoxysilane and p-formylphenyltriethoxysilane.

[0015] In one embodiment, the SAM contained in the SAM hole transport layer includes a hole transport functional group and an anchor group connected to the hole transport functional group, wherein the hole transport functional group includes one or more of carbazole, triphenylamine, diphenylamine, thiophene, bithiophene, quaterthiophene, thiadiazole, spirofluorene, distilbenes, benzothiophene, dibenzothiophene, benzothiazole and thiophene pyrrolopyrrole dione, and the anchor group includes one or more of phosphonic acid, carboxylic acid, trimethoxysilane, triethoxysilane, trichlorosilane, mercapto, primary amine, secondary amine, hydroxamic acid group, sulfonic acid group, pyridine and isocyanate group.

[0016] In one embodiment, the SAM hole transport layer contains SAMs including [2-(3,6-dimethoxy-9H-carbazol-9-yl)ethyl]phosphonic acid, [3-(3,6-dimethoxy-9H-carbazol-9-yl)propyl]phosphonic acid, [6-(3,6-dimethoxy-9H-carbazol-9-yl)hexyl]phosphonic acid, [2-(3,6-dimethyl-9H-carbazol-9-yl)ethyl]phosphonic acid, [3-(3,6-dimethyl-9H-carbazol-9-yl)propyl]phosphonic acid, [6-(3,6-dimethyl-9H-carbazol-9-yl)hexyl]phosphonic acid, [1-(3,6-dimethyl-9H-carbazol-9-yl)methyl]phosphonic acid, [4-(3,6-dimethyl-9H-carbazol-9-yl) butyl]phosphonic acid, [8-(3,6-dimethyl-9H-carbazol-9-yl)octyl]phosphonic acid, [1-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)methyl]phosphonic acid, (2-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)ethyl)phosphonic acid, [3-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)propyl]phosphonic acid, [4-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)butyl]phosphonic acid, [6-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)hexyl]phosphonic acid, [8-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)octyl]phosphonic acid, [4-(N,N-bis(4-methoxyphenylamino)phenyl)propyl]phosphonic acid, 2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorobenzylphosphonic acid, [2-(9H-9'-phenyl-3,3'-dicarbazol-9-yl)ethyl]phosphonic acid, [4-(9H-9'-phenyl-3,3 '-Dibromo-9H-carbazole-9-yl)butyl]phosphonic acid, [4-(diphenylamino)phenyl)ethyl]phosphonic acid, [4-(diphenylamino)phenyl)propyl]phosphonic acid, [4-(10H-phenothiazin-10-yl)butyl]phosphonic acid, [2-(7H-dibenzocarbazole-7-yl)ethyl]phosphonic acid, [4-(7H-dibenzocarbazole-7-yl)butyl]phosphonic acid, [3-(3,6-dibromo-9H-carbazole-9-yl)propyl]phosphonic acid, [4-(3,6-dibromo-9H-carbazole-9-yl)butyl]phosphonic acid, [6-(3,6-dibromo-9H-carbazole-9-yl)hexyl]phosphonic acid, [1-(3,6-di-tert-butyl-9H-carbazole-9-yl)methyl]phosphonic acid, [2-(3,6-di-tert-butyl-9 phosphonic acid, [3-(3,6-di-tert-butyl-9H-carbazol-9-yl)propyl]phosphonic acid, [4-(3,6-di-tert-butyl-9H-carbazol-9-yl)butyl]phosphonic acid, [6-(3,6-di-tert-butyl-9H-carbazol-9-yl)hexyl]phosphonic acid, [8-(3,6-di-tert-butyl-9H-carbazol-9-yl)octyl]phosphonic acid, [1-(3,6-diphenyl-9H-carbazol-9-yl)methyl]phosphonic acid, [2-(3,6-diphenyl-9H-carbazol-9-yl)ethyl]phosphonic acid, [3-(3,6-diphenyl-9H-carbazol-9-yl)propyl]phosphonic acid, [4-(3,6-diphenyl-9H-carbazol-9-yl)butyl]phosphonic acid, [6-(3,6-di-tert-butyl-9H-carbazol-9-yl)hexyl]phosphonic acid, [8-(3,6-di-tert-butyl-9H-carbazol-9-yl)octyl]phosphonic acid, [1-(3,6-diphenyl-9H-carbazol-9-yl)methyl]phosphonic acid, [2-(3,6-diphenyl-9H-carbazol-9-yl)ethyl]phosphonic acid, [3-(3,6-diphenyl-9H-carbazol-9-yl)propyl]phosphonic acid, [4-(3,6-diphenyl-9H-carbazol-9-yl)butyl]phosphonic acid, [6-(3,6-diphenyl-9H-carbazol-9-yl)One or more of [6-diphenyl-9H-carbazol-9-yl)hexyl]phosphonic acid, [8-(3,6-diphenyl-9H-carbazol-9-yl)octyl]phosphonic acid, [2-(10H-phenoxazin-10-yl)ethyl]phosphonic acid, [4-(3,7-dibromo-10H-phenothiazin-10-yl)butyl]phosphonic acid and [4-(3,7-dibromo-10H-phenoxazin-10-yl)butyl]phosphonic acid.

[0017] The second aspect of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing a solar cell, which is as follows:

[0018] A method for preparing a solar cell comprises the following steps:

[0019] providing a substrate;

[0020] preparing a SAM hole transport layer on the substrate;

[0021] preparing a silane coupling agent layer on the SAM hole transport layer;

[0022] preparing a perovskite light-absorbing layer on the silane coupling agent layer;

[0023] An electrode layer is prepared on the perovskite light-absorbing layer.

[0024] In one embodiment, the steps of preparing the silane coupling agent layer include:

[0025] dissolving a silane coupling agent in a solvent to obtain a silane coupling agent solution;

[0026] coating the silane coupling agent solution on the SAM hole transport layer;

[0027] After the silane coupling agent solution is applied, a heat treatment is performed to form the silane coupling agent layer.

[0028] In one embodiment, the preparation method meets at least one of the following characteristics (1) to (3):

[0029] (1) The concentration of the silane coupling agent solution is 0.1 mg / mL to 5 mg / mL;

[0030] (2) The coating thickness of the silane coupling agent solution is 4 nm to 100 nm;

[0031] (3) The temperature of the heating treatment is 50°C to 80°C, and the time is 10min to 20min.

[0032] In one embodiment, the preparation method meets at least one of the following characteristics (1) to (2):

[0033] (1) The silane coupling agent contained in the silane coupling agent layer includes one or more of fluorine-containing silane, aminosilane, epoxysilane, mercaptosilane, vinylsilane, methylsilane, phenylsilane and aldehyde silane;

[0034] (2) The SAM contained in the SAM hole transport layer includes a hole transport functional group and an anchor group connected to the hole transport functional group, wherein the hole transport functional group includes one or more of carbazole, triphenylamine, diphenylamine, thiophene, bithiophene, quaterthiophene, thiadiazole, spirofluorene, distilbenes, benzothiophene, dibenzothiophene, benzothiazole, and thiophenepyrrolopyrroledione, and the anchor group includes one or more of phosphonic acid, carboxylic acid, trimethoxysilane, triethoxysilane, trichlorosilane, mercapto, primary amine, secondary amine, hydroxamic acid group, sulfonic acid group, pyridine and isocyanate group.

[0035] The third aspect of the present invention is to provide a photovoltaic module, the scheme is as follows:

[0036] A photovoltaic assembly comprises a first packaging component, a second packaging component, and the solar cell described in any of the above embodiments or a solar cell prepared by the preparation method described in any of the above embodiments, wherein the solar cell is arranged between the first packaging component and the second packaging component.

[0037] Compared with traditional solutions, the above-mentioned solar cell and its preparation method, and photovoltaic module have the following beneficial effects:

[0038] The above-mentioned solar cell is provided with a silane coupling agent layer on the SAM hole transport layer. The silane coupling agent layer can reduce the impact of environmental factors such as moisture and oxygen on the SAM, so that the SAM will not undergo obvious molecular rearrangement or hydrolysis reaction during a long storage period, thereby reducing the hydrolysis, oxidation and other degradation reactions of the SAM, thereby preventing the performance degradation of the solar cell.

[0039] The above-mentioned photovoltaic module includes the solar cell described in any of the above-mentioned embodiments or the solar cell prepared by the preparation method described in any of the above-mentioned embodiments, and thus has corresponding technical features and can obtain corresponding beneficial effects. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0040] Figure 1 is the water contact angle of the initially prepared 2PACz film;

[0041] Figure 2 Water contact angle of 2PACz film after storage for 48 h;

[0042] Figure 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a solar cell according to an embodiment;

[0043] Figure 4 FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for preparing a solar cell according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0044] Description of reference numerals:

[0045] 100, solar cell; 110, substrate; 120, SAM hole transport layer; 130, silane coupling agent layer; 140, perovskite light absorption layer; 150, electrode layer; 160, electron transport layer; 170, buffer layer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0046] To facilitate understanding of the present invention, the present invention will be described more fully below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Preferred embodiments of the present invention are shown in the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention may be implemented in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein. These embodiments are provided to provide a more thorough and comprehensive understanding of the present disclosure.

[0047] It should be noted that when an element is referred to as being "disposed on" another element, it may be directly on the other element or there may be an element centered thereon. When an element is referred to as being "connected to" another element, it may be directly connected to the other element or there may be an element centered thereon. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "left," "right," and similar expressions used herein are for illustrative purposes only and do not represent the only implementations.

[0048] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number or order of the indicated technical features.

[0049] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one skilled in the art to which this invention pertains. The terms used in this specification of the present invention are for the purpose of describing specific embodiments only and are not intended to limit the present invention. The term "and / or" as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0050] Studies have shown that the greater the time difference between the completion of the SAM deposition step and the step of preparing the perovskite light absorbing layer, the worse the solar cell performance. Currently, there is little research on the stability of prefabricated SAM. We found that after the prepared SAM is placed, the contact angle of the SAM changes as time goes by. Figure 1 As shown in Figure 2, the water contact angle of the initially prepared 2PACz film is 26°. Figure 2As shown in the figure, after 48 hours of storage, the water contact angle of the 2PACz film changed significantly to 48°. This shows that the SAM has a poor stability problem, which has a negative impact on the performance of solar cells.

[0051] Possible causes of the above phenomenon include:

[0052] 1. The anchored SAM may be hydrolyzed under the action of water vapor in the air.

[0053] 2. SAM may undergo molecular rearrangement during long-term storage, and its tail anchoring groups tend to bind to the substrate, and the exposed head groups are more hydrophobic, resulting in poor interfacial contact with the perovskite active layer.

[0054] 3. The adhesion of organic pollutants in the environment will affect the interfacial activity.

[0055] The above factors may affect the energy level of SAM, resulting in its mismatch with the perovskite active layer.

[0056] To this end, the present invention provides a solar cell.

[0057] like Figure 3 As shown, a solar cell 100 according to one embodiment of the present invention includes a substrate 110, a SAM hole transport layer 120, a silane coupling agent layer 130, a perovskite light absorption layer 140, and an electrode layer 150. The SAM hole transport layer 120 is disposed on the substrate 110. The silane coupling agent layer 130 is disposed on the SAM hole transport layer 120. The perovskite light absorption layer 140 is disposed on the silane coupling agent layer 130. The electrode layer 150 is disposed on the perovskite light absorption layer 140. In other words, the substrate 110, the SAM hole transport layer 120, the silane coupling agent layer 130, the perovskite light absorption layer 140, and the electrode layer 150 are stacked in sequence.

[0058] The solar cell 100 is provided with a silane coupling agent layer 130 on the SAM hole transport layer 120. The silane coupling agent layer 130 can reduce the effects of environmental factors such as moisture and oxygen on the SAM, so that the SAM does not undergo significant molecular rearrangement or hydrolysis during a long storage period, thereby reducing hydrolysis, oxidation and other degradation reactions of the SAM, thereby preventing the performance of the solar cell 100 from degrading.

[0059] The silanol groups generated by the hydrolysis of the silicon-oxygen-alkyl groups of the silane coupling agent chemically react or physically interact with anchoring groups such as the phosphonic acid groups or other functional groups of the SAM, forming strong covalent bonds or hydrogen bonds, thereby enhancing the stability of the SAM hole transport layer 120. Through this reaction, the silane coupling agent not only provides surface protection but also interacts with the SAM hole transport layer 120 through its molecular structure, improving interfacial bonding and effectively preventing the SAM surface from hydrolyzing, rearranging, or reacting with airborne pollutants.

[0060] In one embodiment, the silane coupling agent contained in the silane coupling agent layer 130 includes, but is not limited to, one or more of fluorine-containing silane, aminosilane, epoxysilane, mercaptosilane, vinylsilane, methylsilane, phenylsilane, and aldehyde silane.

[0061] Optionally, the fluorine-containing silane includes one or more of trifluoropropylsilane, perfluoroalkylsilane, fluorophenylsilane, fluoroalkoxysilane, and fluorine-containing aminosilane.

[0062] Optionally, the aminosilane includes one or more of γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, γ-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, N-(2-aminoethyl)-3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, aminoethylaminopropyltriethoxysilane, aminomethyltriethoxysilane, and p-aminophenyltriethoxysilane.

[0063] Optionally, the epoxysilane includes one or more of γ-glycidyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, γ-glycidyloxypropyltriethoxysilane, 2-(3,4-epoxycyclohexyl)ethyltrimethoxysilane, β-(3,4-epoxycyclohexyl)ethyltriethoxysilane, epoxymethyltrimethoxysilane, and bis(3,4-epoxycyclohexyl)ethyldimethoxysilane.

[0064] Optionally, the mercaptosilane includes one or more of γ-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane, γ-mercaptopropyltriethoxysilane, and mercaptoethyltrimethoxysilane.

[0065] Optionally, the vinyl silane includes one or more of vinyl trimethoxy silane, vinyl triethoxy silane, and vinyl dimethoxyethoxy silane.

[0066] Optionally, the methylsilane includes one or more of methyltrimethoxysilane, dimethyldiethoxysilane, and trimethylmethoxysilane.

[0067] Optionally, the phenylsilane includes one or more of phenyltriethoxysilane, phenyltrimethoxysilane, and diphenyldimethoxysilane.

[0068] Optionally, the aldehyde silane includes one or more of aldehyde propyl trimethoxy silane, aldehyde ethyl trimethoxy silane, and p-formylphenyl triethoxy silane.

[0069] The silane coupling agent has excellent hydrophobicity and chemical stability. When the perovskite light absorbing layer 140 is processed using a solution method, the low solubility of the silane coupling agent ensures that it does not dissolve during the perovskite coating process or affect the wettability of the perovskite coating, thereby improving the uniformity and deposition quality of the perovskite light absorbing layer 140.

[0070] The functional groups of the silane coupling agent (such as fluorinated groups, amino groups, and epoxy groups) react or physically interact with the phosphonic acid groups or other hydrophilic groups in the SAM to form silicate bonds (Si–O–P) or hydrogen bonds, strengthening the interlayer bonding. The silane coupling agent layer 130 effectively isolates water vapor and other substances through its hydrophobic groups (such as fluorine atoms), thereby reducing hydrolysis, oxidation, and other degradation reactions of the SAM.

[0071] In some examples, the SAM contained in the SAM hole transport layer 120 includes a hole transport functional group and an anchor group connected to the hole transport functional group. The hole transport functional group includes, but is not limited to, one or more of carbazole, triphenylamine, diphenylamine, thiophene, bithiophene, quaterthiophene, thiadiazole, spirofluorene, stilbene, benzothiophene, dibenzothiophene, benzothiazole, and thiophene diketopyrrolopyrrole. The anchor group includes, but is not limited to, one or more of phosphonic acid, carboxylic acid, trimethoxysilane, triethoxysilane, trichlorosilane, mercapto, primary amine, secondary amine, hydroxamate, sulfonic acid, pyridine, and isocyanate.

[0072] Optionally, the SAM contained in the SAM hole transport layer 120 includes but is not limited to [2-(3,6-dimethoxy-9H-carbazole-9-yl)ethyl]phosphonic acid, [3-(3,6-dimethoxy-9H-carbazole-9-yl)propyl]phosphonic acid, [6-(3,6-dimethoxy-9H-carbazole-9-yl)hexyl]phosphonic acid, [2-(3,6-dimethyl-9H-carbazole-9-yl)ethyl]phosphonic acid, [3-(3,6-dimethyl-9H-carbazole-9-yl)propyl]phosphonic acid, [6-(3,6-dimethyl-9H-carbazole-9-yl)hexyl]phosphonic acid, [1-(3,6-dimethyl-9H-carbazole-9-yl)methyl]phosphonic acid, [4-(3,6-dimethyl-9H-carbazole-9-yl)butyl ... phosphonic acid, [8-(3,6-dimethyl-9H-carbazol-9-yl)octyl]phosphonic acid, [1-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)methyl]phosphonic acid, (2-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)ethyl)phosphonic acid, [3-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)propyl]phosphonic acid, [4-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)butyl]phosphonic acid, [6-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)hexyl]phosphonic acid, [8-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)octyl]phosphonic acid, [4-(N,N-bis(4-methoxyphenylamino)phenyl)propyl]phosphonic acid, 2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorobenzylphosphonic acid, [2-(9H-9'-phenyl-3,3'-dicarbazol-9-yl)ethyl]phosphonic acid, [4-(9H-9'-phenyl-3,3 '-Dibromo-9H-carbazole-9-yl)butyl]phosphonic acid, [4-(diphenylamino)phenyl)ethyl]phosphonic acid, [4-(diphenylamino)phenyl)propyl]phosphonic acid, [4-(10H-phenothiazin-10-yl)butyl]phosphonic acid, [2-(7H-dibenzocarbazole-7-yl)ethyl]phosphonic acid, [4-(7H-dibenzocarbazole-7-yl)butyl]phosphonic acid, [3-(3,6-dibromo-9H-carbazole-9-yl)propyl]phosphonic acid, [4-(3,6-dibromo-9H-carbazole-9-yl)butyl]phosphonic acid, [6-(3,6-dibromo-9H-carbazole-9-yl)hexyl]phosphonic acid, [1-(3,6-di-tert-butyl-9H-carbazole-9-yl)methyl]phosphonic acid, [2-(3,6-di-tert-butyl-9 phosphonic acid, [3-(3,6-di-tert-butyl-9H-carbazol-9-yl)propyl]phosphonic acid, [4-(3,6-di-tert-butyl-9H-carbazol-9-yl)butyl]phosphonic acid, [6-(3,6-di-tert-butyl-9H-carbazol-9-yl)hexyl]phosphonic acid, [8-(3,6-di-tert-butyl-9H-carbazol-9-yl)octyl]phosphonic acid, [1-(3,6-diphenyl-9H-carbazol-9-yl)methyl]phosphonic acid, [2-(3,6-diphenyl-9H-carbazol-9-yl)ethyl]phosphonic acid, [3-(3,6-diphenyl-9H-carbazol-9-yl)propyl]phosphonic acid, [4-(3,6-diphenyl-9H-carbazol-9-yl)butyl]phosphonic acid, [6-(3,6-di-tert-butyl-9H-carbazol-9-yl)hexyl]phosphonic acid, [8-(3,6-di-tert-butyl-9H-carbazol-9-yl)octyl]phosphonic acid, [1-(3,6-diphenyl-9H-carbazol-9-yl)methyl]phosphonic acid, [2-(3,6-diphenyl-9H-carbazol-9-yl)ethyl]phosphonic acid, [3-(3,6-diphenyl-9H-carbazol-9-yl)propyl]phosphonic acid, [4-(3,6-diphenyl-9H-carbazol-9-yl)butyl]phosphonic acid, [6-(3,6-diphenyl-9H-carbazol-9-yl)One or more of [6-diphenyl-9H-carbazol-9-yl)hexyl]phosphonic acid, [8-(3,6-diphenyl-9H-carbazol-9-yl)octyl]phosphonic acid, [2-(10H-phenoxazin-10-yl)ethyl]phosphonic acid, [4-(3,7-dibromo-10H-phenothiazin-10-yl)butyl]phosphonic acid and [4-(3,7-dibromo-10H-phenoxazin-10-yl)butyl]phosphonic acid.

[0073] Alternatively, the material of substrate 110 may be, for example, but not limited to, a conductive metal oxide. Conductive metal oxides include, for example, one or more of indium tin oxide, aluminum-doped zinc oxide, indium-doped zinc oxide, fluorine-doped tin oxide, indium tungsten oxide, and indium cerium oxide. Substrate 110 may also include a bottom cell, such as a crystalline silicon cell or a perovskite cell.

[0074] Optionally, the material of the electrode layer 150 may be, but is not limited to, metal, conductive metal oxide, conductive polymer, etc.

[0075] The perovskite material contained in the perovskite light-absorbing layer 140 has a chemical formula of ABX3. A is a monovalent cation, including but not limited to one or more of cesium ions, rubidium ions, potassium ions, methylamine ions, formamidine ions, methylenediamine ions, benzamidine ions, and guanidinium ions. B is a divalent cation, including but not limited to one or more of lead ions, copper ions, zinc ions, gallium ions, tin ions, and calcium ions. X is a monovalent anion, including but not limited to one or more of fluoride ions, chloride ions, bromide ions, iodide ions, thiocyanate ions, tetrafluoroborate ions, hexafluorophosphate ions, formate ions, and acetate ions.

[0076] like Figure 3 As shown, in some examples, the solar cell 100 further includes an electron transport layer 160 . The electron transport layer 160 is disposed between the perovskite light absorbing layer 140 and the electrode layer 150 .

[0077] Optionally, the material of the electron transport layer 160 is, for example, but not limited to, one or more of zinc oxide, tin oxide, titanium dioxide, tungsten trioxide, niobium pentoxide, cadmium sulfide, cadmium selenide, fullerene, and derivatives thereof.

[0078] like Figure 3 As shown, in some examples, the solar cell 100 further includes a buffer layer 170 . The buffer layer 170 is disposed between the electron transport layer 160 and the electrode layer 150 .

[0079] Optionally, the material of the buffer layer 170 is, for example, but not limited to, 2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (BCP), tin oxide (SnO x )wait.

[0080] The solar cell 100 may be a single-junction cell or a tandem cell. The tandem cell may be a full perovskite tandem cell, a perovskite / crystalline silicon tandem cell, a perovskite / organic tandem cell, a perovskite / CIGS tandem cell, a perovskite / CdTe tandem cell, a perovskite / GaAs tandem cell, or the like.

[0081] Furthermore, the present invention also provides a method for preparing the solar cell 100 according to any of the above examples.

[0082] like Figure 4 As shown, a method for preparing a solar cell 100 according to an embodiment includes the following steps:

[0083] Step S1: providing a substrate 110.

[0084] Step S2 , preparing a SAM hole transport layer 120 on the substrate 110 .

[0085] Step S3 , preparing a silane coupling agent layer 130 on the SAM hole transport layer 120 .

[0086] Step S4 , preparing a perovskite light absorbing layer 140 on the silane coupling agent layer 130 .

[0087] Step S5 , forming an electrode layer 150 on the perovskite light absorbing layer 140 .

[0088] In some examples, the step of preparing the SAM hole transport layer 120 (step S2) includes:

[0089] Step S21 : dissolving a SAM material in a solvent to obtain a SAM solution.

[0090] In step S22 , the SAM solution is coated on the substrate 110 .

[0091] Step S23 , drying to form the SAM hole transport layer 120 .

[0092] In some examples, the step of preparing the silane coupling agent layer 130 (step S3) includes:

[0093] Step S31 : dissolving a silane coupling agent in a solvent to obtain a silane coupling agent solution.

[0094] In step S32 , a silane coupling agent solution is coated on the SAM hole transport layer 120 .

[0095] In step S33 , after applying the silane coupling agent solution, a heat treatment is performed to form a silane coupling agent layer 130 .

[0096] In step S31 , the solvent may be, but is not limited to, an alcohol solvent, such as isopropyl alcohol, ethanol, and the like.

[0097] In some examples, in step S31, the concentration of the silane coupling agent solution is 0.1 mg / mL to 5 mg / mL. The concentration of the silane coupling agent solution within this range is conducive to uniform coating and provides effective protection. Further, in some examples, the concentration of the silane coupling agent solution is 1 mg / mL to 4 mg / mL. In some specific examples, the concentration of the silane coupling agent solution is, for example, 0.1 mg / mL, 0.5 mg / mL, 1 mg / mL, 1.5 mg / mL, 2 mg / mL, 2.5 mg / mL, 3 mg / mL, 3.5 mg / mL, 4 mg / mL, 4.5 mg / mL, 5 mg / mL, etc.

[0098] In some examples, in step S32, the coating thickness of the silane coupling agent solution is 4 nm to 100 nm. The coating thickness of the silane coupling agent solution within this range can provide effective protection and reduce the adverse effects on the wettability of the perovskite precursor solution. Further, in some examples, the coating thickness of the silane coupling agent solution is 10 nm to 80 nm. In some specific examples, the coating thickness of the silane coupling agent solution is, for example, 5 nm, 10 nm, 20 nm, 30 nm, 40 nm, 50 nm, 60 nm, 70 nm, 80 nm, 90 nm, 100 nm, etc.

[0099] In step S32, the coating process of the silane coupling agent solution can be, for example, a spin coating process, a printing process, an inkjet printing process, a doctor blade process, a printing process, a dip-pull process, an immersion process, a spraying process, a roller coating process, a casting process, a slit coating process, a strip coating process, etc. The above coating processes are simple and easy to implement, which is conducive to the large-scale application of the technology.

[0100] In some examples, the silane coupling agent solution is coated by a spin coating process, a spray coating process, a doctor blade coating process, a slit coating process, or an inkjet printing process. The above coating processes are conducive to uniformly coating the silane coupling agent solution on the SAM surface to form a uniform film.

[0101] In step S33, by heating the battery coated with the silane coupling agent solution, the formation of chemical bonds between the silane molecules and the SAM surface can be promoted, the bonding force can be improved, and the stability and protective effect of the coating can be enhanced.

[0102] In some examples, in step S33, the temperature of the heating treatment is 50° C. to 80° C. Further, in some examples, the temperature of the heating treatment is 60° C. to 80° C. In some specific examples, the temperature of the heating treatment is, for example, 50° C., 55° C., 60° C., 65° C., 70° C., 75° C., 80° C., or a range between any two of the above values.

[0103] In some examples, in step S33, the heating treatment time is 10 minutes to 20 minutes. Further, in some examples, the heating treatment time is 12 minutes to 18 minutes. In some specific examples, the heating treatment time is, for example, 10 minutes, 11 minutes, 12 minutes, 13 minutes, 14 minutes, 15 minutes, 16 minutes, 17 minutes, 18 minutes, 19 minutes, 20 minutes, etc.

[0104] In some examples, before the step of preparing the electrode layer 150 (step S5), the method for preparing the solar cell 100 includes the following steps:

[0105] The electron transport layer 160 is formed on the perovskite light absorbing layer 140 .

[0106] The solar cell 100 and its preparation method can achieve the following technical effects by disposing a silane coupling agent layer 130 on the SAM hole transport layer 120:

[0107] Improving the stability of the SAM hole transport layer 120: The silane coupling agent layer 130 can protect the SAM hole transport layer 120 from the influence of water vapor, oxygen and pollutants, so that the SAM will not undergo obvious molecular rearrangement or hydrolysis reaction during a long storage period, thereby delaying the degradation of the SAM and maintaining its surface properties stable, thereby preventing the performance of the solar cell 100 from deteriorating.

[0108] Enhanced interfacial bonding: The silanol groups generated by the hydrolysis of the silicon-oxygen-alkyl groups of the silane coupling agent chemically react or physically interact with anchoring groups such as the phosphonic acid groups or other functional groups of the SAM, forming strong covalent bonds or hydrogen bonds, thereby enhancing the stability of the SAM hole transport layer 120. Through this reaction, the silane coupling agent not only provides surface protection but also interacts with the SAM hole transport layer 120 through its molecular structure, improving interfacial bonding. This effectively prevents the SAM surface from hydrolysis, rearrangement, or reaction with air pollutants, thereby improving the long-term stability of the solar cell 100.

[0109] Delaying cell efficiency decline: The silane coupling agent layer 130 improves the uniformity and stability of the deposition of the perovskite light-absorbing layer 140, slowing down cell efficiency decline caused by failure or degradation of the SAM hole transport layer 120. This technology helps improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the perovskite solar cell 100 and extend its service life.

[0110] Furthermore, the present invention also provides a photovoltaic module.

[0111] A photovoltaic module according to an embodiment includes a first packaging component, a second packaging component, and a solar cell 100 according to any of the above examples or a solar cell 100 prepared by any of the above examples. The solar cell 100 is disposed between the first packaging component and the second packaging component.

[0112] The following specific examples are provided to further illustrate the present invention. The present invention provides the following specific examples for a better understanding of the present invention, but is not limited to the following specific examples and does not limit the content and scope of the present invention.

[0113] Example 1

[0114] The method for preparing a solar cell provided in this embodiment includes the following steps:

[0115] Step 1: Deposit a 0.8 mg / mL methanol solution of MeO-2PACz onto the cleaned FTO glass. Deposition was performed by spin coating at 3000 rpm for 30 seconds. The surface was then annealed at 100°C for 10 minutes to form a SAM hole transport layer.

[0116] In step 2, a 0.5 mg / mL isopropanol solution of triethoxy[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]silane, a silane coupling agent, was deposited on the SAM hole transport layer. Deposition was performed by spin coating at a speed of 3000 rpm for 30 seconds. The coating was then annealed at 80°C for 10 minutes to form a silane coupling agent layer.

[0117] Step 3: depositing a perovskite precursor solution on the above silane coupling agent layer, wherein the perovskite component is Cs 0.05 FA 0.95 The PbI3 film was prepared using a solvent consisting of DMF and DMSO in a 4:1 volume ratio. The perovskite component concentration was 1.5 M, and 30 wt% MACl was added as an additive. Wet film deposition was performed by spin coating at 4000 rpm for 20 seconds. The solvent was then flash-evaporated and annealed at 100°C for 30 minutes to form the perovskite light-absorbing layer.

[0118] Step 4: evaporate 20nm of C on the above perovskite light absorbing layer. 60 , forming an electron transport layer.

[0119] Step 5: Vapor-deposit 6 nm of BCP on the electron transport layer to form a buffer layer.

[0120] Step 6: Vapor-deposit 80 nm of Cu on the buffer layer to form an electrode layer, completing the device preparation.

[0121] Example 2

[0122] The steps of the method for preparing the solar cell provided in this embodiment are substantially the same as those in Example 1, with the only difference being that in step 2, the silane coupling agent is trimethoxy(2-phenylethyl)silane.

[0123] Example 3

[0124] The steps of the preparation method of the solar cell provided in this embodiment are substantially the same as those of Example 1, with the only difference being that in step 2, the silane coupling agent is triethoxyphenylsilane.

[0125] Comparative Example 1

[0126] The preparation method of the solar cell provided in this comparative example is substantially the same as that of Example 1, with the only difference being that the silane coupling agent layer is not prepared, that is, step 2 is not performed.

[0127] Multiple groups of cells were prepared in each of the above examples. The difference between the different groups of cells was the interval between the completion of the silane coupling agent layer preparation and the start of the deposition of the perovskite light absorbing layer, which were 12 hours, 24 hours, 36 hours, 48 ​​hours, 60 hours, and 72 hours, respectively. Comparative Example 1 also prepared multiple groups of cells. The difference between the different groups of cells was the interval between the completion of the SAM hole transport layer preparation and the start of the deposition of the perovskite light absorbing layer, which were 12 hours, 24 hours, 36 hours, 48 ​​hours, 60 hours, and 72 hours, respectively.

[0128] The photoelectric conversion efficiency of each group of cells was tested, and the test results are shown in Table 1.

[0129] Table 1

[0130]

[0131] The experimental results of Comparative Example 1 show that the longer the device is stored after depositing the SAM hole transport layer before the perovskite light-absorbing layer is formed, the lower the conversion efficiency of the solar cell. The experimental results of Examples 1 to 3 show that by providing a silane coupling agent layer on the SAM hole transport layer to protect the SAM hole transport layer, it is possible to prevent a decrease in the conversion efficiency of the solar cell.

[0132] The technical features of the above-mentioned embodiments can be combined arbitrarily. In order to make the description concise, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above-mentioned embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0133] The above-described embodiments merely illustrate several implementations of the present invention, and while their descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the patent. It should be noted that a person skilled in the art would be able to make numerous variations and improvements without departing from the spirit of the present invention, all of which fall within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the patent for this invention shall be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A solar cell, characterized in that: include: substrate; A SAM hole transport layer is provided on the substrate; a silane coupling agent layer, disposed on the SAM hole transport layer; a perovskite light-absorbing layer, disposed on the silane coupling agent layer; as well as The electrode layer is arranged on the perovskite light-absorbing layer.

2. The solar cell according to claim 1, wherein The silane coupling agent contained in the silane coupling agent layer includes one or more of fluorine-containing silane, aminosilane, epoxysilane, mercaptosilane, vinylsilane, methylsilane, phenylsilane and aldehyde silane.

3. The solar cell according to claim 2, wherein The fluorine-containing silane includes one or more of trifluoropropylsilane, perfluoroalkylsilane, fluorophenylsilane, fluoroalkoxysilane and fluorine-containing aminosilane, the aminosilane includes one or more of γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, γ-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, N-(2-aminoethyl)-3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, aminoethylaminopropyltriethoxysilane, aminomethyltriethoxysilane and p-aminophenyltriethoxysilane, the epoxysilane includes γ-glycidyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, γ-glycidyloxypropyltriethoxysilane, 2-(3,4-epoxycyclohexyl)ethyltrimethoxysilane, β-(3,4-epoxycyclohexyl)ethyltriethoxysilane, epoxymethyltrimethoxysilane and bis(3,4-epoxycyclohexyl)ethyltriethoxysilane. The present invention relates to one or more of the following: said mercaptosilane comprises one or more of γ-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane, γ-mercaptopropyltriethoxysilane and mercaptoethyltrimethoxysilane, said vinylsilane comprises one or more of vinyltrimethoxysilane, vinyltriethoxysilane and vinyldimethoxyethoxysilane, said methylsilane comprises one or more of methyltrimethoxysilane, dimethyldiethoxysilane and trimethylmethoxysilane, said phenylsilane comprises one or more of phenyltriethoxysilane, phenyltrimethoxysilane and diphenyldimethoxysilane, and said aldehyde silane comprises one or more of aldehyde propyltrimethoxysilane, aldehyde ethyltrimethoxysilane and p-formylphenyltriethoxysilane.

4. The solar cell according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein The SAM contained in the SAM hole transport layer includes a hole transport functional group and an anchor group connected to the hole transport functional group, wherein the hole transport functional group includes one or more of carbazole, triphenylamine, diphenylamine, thiophene, bithiophene, quaterthiophene, thiadiazole, spirofluorene, distilbenes, benzothiophene, dibenzothiophene, benzothiazole and thiophenepyrrolopyrroledione, and the anchor group includes one or more of phosphonic acid, carboxylic acid, trimethoxysilane, triethoxysilane, trichlorosilane, mercapto, primary amine, secondary amine, hydroxamic acid group, sulfonic acid group, pyridine and isocyanate group.

5. The solar cell according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein The SAM hole transport layer contains SAMs including [2-(3,6-dimethoxy-9H-carbazol-9-yl)ethyl]phosphonic acid, [3-(3,6-dimethoxy-9H-carbazol-9-yl)propyl]phosphonic acid, [6-(3,6-dimethoxy-9H-carbazol-9-yl)hexyl]phosphonic acid, [2-(3,6-dimethyl-9H-carbazol-9-yl)ethyl]phosphonic acid, [3-(3,6-dimethyl-9H-carbazol-9-yl)propyl]phosphonic acid, [6-(3,6-dimethyl-9H-carbazol-9-yl)hexyl]phosphonic acid, [1-(3,6-dimethyl-9H-carbazol-9-yl)methyl]phosphonic acid, [4-(3,6-dimethyl-9H-carbazol-9-yl)butyl]phosphonic acid, [8 phosphonic acid, [1-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)methyl]phosphonic acid, (2-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)ethyl]phosphonic acid, [3-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)propyl]phosphonic acid, [4-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)butyl]phosphonic acid, [6-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)hexyl]phosphonic acid, [8-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)octyl]phosphonic acid, [4-(N,N-bis(4-methoxyphenylamino)phenyl)propyl]phosphonic acid, 2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorobenzylphosphonic acid, [2-(9H-9'-phenyl-3,3'-dicarbazol-9-yl)ethyl]phosphonic acid, [4-(9H-9'-phenyl-3,3'-dicarbazol-9-yl) phosphonic acid, [4-(diphenylamino)phenyl)ethyl]phosphonic acid, [4-(diphenylamino)phenyl)propyl]phosphonic acid, [4-(10H-phenothiazin-10-yl)butyl]phosphonic acid, [2-(7H-dibenzocarbazol-7-yl)ethyl]phosphonic acid, [4-(7H-dibenzocarbazol-7-yl)butyl]phosphonic acid, [3-(3,6-dibromo-9H-carbazol-9-yl)propyl]phosphonic acid, [4-(3,6-dibromo-9H-carbazol-9-yl)butyl]phosphonic acid, [6-(3,6-dibromo-9H-carbazol-9-yl)hexyl]phosphonic acid, [1-(3,6-di-tert-butyl-9H-carbazol-9-yl)methyl]phosphonic acid, [2-(3,6-di-tert-butyl-9H-carbazol-9-yl)methyl]phosphonic acid, [ phosphonic acid, [3-(3,6-di-tert-butyl-9H-carbazol-9-yl)ethyl]phosphonic acid, [3-(3,6-di-tert-butyl-9H-carbazol-9-yl)propyl]phosphonic acid, [4-(3,6-di-tert-butyl-9H-carbazol-9-yl)butyl]phosphonic acid, [6-(3,6-di-tert-butyl-9H-carbazol-9-yl)hexyl]phosphonic acid, [8-(3,6-di-tert-butyl-9H-carbazol-9-yl)octyl]phosphonic acid, [1-(3,6-diphenyl-9H-carbazol-9-yl)methyl]phosphonic acid, [2-(3,6-diphenyl-9H-carbazol-9-yl)ethyl]phosphonic acid, [3-(3,6-diphenyl-9H-carbazol-9-yl)propyl]phosphonic acid, [4-(3,6-diphenyl-9H-carbazol-9-yl)butyl]phosphonic acid, [6-(3,6-diphenyl ...One or more of [6-diphenyl-9H-carbazol-9-yl)hexyl]phosphonic acid, [8-(3,6-diphenyl-9H-carbazol-9-yl)octyl]phosphonic acid, [2-(10H-phenoxazin-10-yl)ethyl]phosphonic acid, [4-(3,7-dibromo-10H-phenothiazin-10-yl)butyl]phosphonic acid and [4-(3,7-dibromo-10H-phenoxazin-10-yl)butyl]phosphonic acid.

6. A method for preparing a solar cell, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: providing a substrate; preparing a SAM hole transport layer on the substrate; preparing a silane coupling agent layer on the SAM hole transport layer; preparing a perovskite light-absorbing layer on the silane coupling agent layer; as well as An electrode layer is prepared on the perovskite light-absorbing layer.

7. The method for preparing a solar cell according to claim 6, wherein: The steps of preparing the silane coupling agent layer include: dissolving a silane coupling agent in a solvent to obtain a silane coupling agent solution; coating the silane coupling agent solution on the SAM hole transport layer; After the silane coupling agent solution is applied, a heat treatment is performed to form the silane coupling agent layer.

8. The method for preparing a solar cell according to claim 7, wherein: The preparation method meets at least one of the following characteristics (1) to (3): (1) The concentration of the silane coupling agent solution is 0.1 mg / mL to 5 mg / mL; (2) The coating thickness of the silane coupling agent solution is 4 nm to 100 nm; (3) The temperature of the heating treatment is 50°C to 80°C, and the time is 10min to 20min.

9. The method for preparing a solar cell according to any one of claims 6 to 8, wherein: The preparation method meets at least one of the following characteristics (1) to (2): (1) The silane coupling agent contained in the silane coupling agent layer includes one or more of fluorine-containing silane, aminosilane, epoxysilane, mercaptosilane, vinylsilane, methylsilane, phenylsilane and aldehyde silane; (2) The SAM contained in the SAM hole transport layer includes a hole transport functional group and an anchor group connected to the hole transport functional group, wherein the hole transport functional group includes one or more of carbazole, triphenylamine, diphenylamine, thiophene, bithiophene, quaterthiophene, thiadiazole, spirofluorene, distilbenes, benzothiophene, dibenzothiophene, benzothiazole and thiophene pyrrolopyrrole dione, and the anchor group includes one or more of phosphonic acid, carboxylic acid, trimethoxysilane, triethoxysilane, trichlorosilane, mercapto, primary amine, secondary amine, hydroxamic acid group, sulfonic acid group, pyridine and isocyanate group.

10. A photovoltaic module, characterized in that: The invention comprises a first packaging component, a second packaging component and the solar cell according to any one of claims 1 to 5 or a solar cell prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claims 6 to 9, wherein the solar cell is arranged between the first packaging component and the second packaging component.

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