Method for repairing, designing and constructing ancient residential buildings in scenic area

Abstract

The invention discloses a repair design and construction method for ancient residential buildings in a scenic area. The method comprises the steps that repair of ancient famous residential buildings is divided into a survey evaluation stage, a protection design stage and a construction repair stage which are arranged in sequence; in the exploration and evaluation stage, based on the current situation image, the current situation drawing and the exploration report of the ancient famous dwelling, the coverage value, the building damage and the structure safety of the ancient famous dwelling building are evaluated; in the protection design stage, a repair design document of the ancient famous residential building is designed and formed according to the principle of repairing old as old; in the construction repairing stage, a scaffold is erected, damageable and decorative components and tile components are dismantled, a roof truss is corrected, roof components, wood components, wall components, door and window decorative components and ground are repaired, and the scaffold is accepted and dismantled in sequence. The method solves the problem that the traditional repairing process for the ancient famous dwelling seriously depends on experience and skills of craftsmen, and the repairing quality is unstable.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of building construction, and particularly to a method for the renovation design and construction of ancient residential buildings in a scenic area. Background Art

[0002] Ancient residential buildings are the physical manifestation of Chinese culture and carry rich historical and cultural values. There are three causes for the damage of buildings: natural erosion, biological damage, and human factors. Natural erosion causes material deterioration, termites and fungi corrode the wooden base layer of the roof. Human disorderly addition and reconstruction affect the structural stability. Modern brick walls intrude, destroying the continuous interface formed by the original wooden skirting boards and plasterboard walls, seriously affecting the overall style and historical authenticity of the building. Traditional renovation work mainly relies on the experience and skills of craftsmen. In the context of the new industrialization era, the renovation design of ancient residential buildings should not only develop traditional techniques but also reasonably apply modern technologies. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In order to overcome the defects existing in the prior art, a method for the renovation design and construction of ancient residential buildings in a scenic area is provided to solve the problem that the traditional renovation process of ancient residential buildings relies heavily on the experience and skills of craftsmen and there are unstable renovation qualities.

[0004] To achieve the above object, a method for the renovation design and construction of ancient residential buildings in a scenic area is provided, including the following steps:

[0005] Dividing the renovation of the ancient residential building into a survey and assessment stage, a protection design stage, and a construction and renovation stage arranged in sequence;

[0006] In the survey and assessment stage, based on the current status images, current status drawings, and survey reports of the ancient residential building, evaluating the covering value, building damage, and structural safety of the ancient residential building;

[0007] In the protection design stage, following the principle of restoring the old as the old, designing and forming the renovation design document of the ancient residential building;

[0008] In the construction and renovation stage, scaffolding is erected in sequence, vulnerable and decorative components and tile components are removed, the roof truss is corrected, the roof components are renovated, the wooden components are renovated, the wall components are renovated, the door and window decorative components are renovated, the ground is renovated, and the scaffolding is accepted and removed.

[0009] Further, the removal of the tile components includes:

[0010] Before uncovering the tiles, recording the current status of the tile components in the form of text records, floating soil, and photos;

[0011] Numbering the tile components;

[0012] Dismantling the tile components;

[0013] Clean the tile components.

[0014] Furthermore, the repaired wooden components include rattan hoop reinforcement. When the length of the side crack of the wooden component is less than 1 / 2 of the length of the wooden component and the depth is less than 1 / 4 of the outer diameter dimension of the wooden component, multiple rattan hoops are used to reinforce the wooden component to prevent further cracking.

[0015] Furthermore, the repaired wooden components also include inlay treatment, and the inlay treatment includes:

[0016] Remove the decayed part of the wooden component;

[0017] Use wooden blocks of the same material as the wooden component to inlay the holes formed after removing the decayed part of the wooden component;

[0018] Treat the surface of the wooden component so that the surface texture and color of the wooden component are consistent.

[0019] Furthermore, the repaired roof components include the installation of wooden purlins, the repair and installation of rafters, the construction of roof boards, and the tiling construction.

[0020] Furthermore, the installation of wooden purlins includes a comprehensive inspection of the on-site purlins, and replacing the wooden purlins with cracks exceeding 1 / 4 of the diameter, bending and sagging exceeding 1 / 100, rupture length exceeding 2 / 3 of the full length, and depth exceeding 1 / 3.

[0021] Furthermore, the repair and installation of rafters includes replacing the new rafters in areas with excessive decay and breakage. The surface of the new rafters is flat, straight, and the cross-sectional specifications are the same, and they are installed in place.

[0022] Furthermore, the repair of the wall includes:

[0023] Treat the wooden frame, reed stalks, and bamboo slices with anti-corrosion and insect-proof measures, and apply a 3% sodium chloride aqueous solution;

[0024] Install and fix the wooden keel on the original wall;

[0025] Weave the reed stalks and the bamboo slices into a wall;

[0026] Apply a 20-mm-thick plaster base coat of straw mud ash on the outside of the reed stalks and the bamboo slices;

[0027] Use shell ash to smooth and finish the surface.

[0028] The beneficial effect of the present invention is that the repair design and construction method of ancient residential buildings in the scenic area section of the present invention support each other in three links: survey and assessment, protection and design, and construction and repair, and jointly constitute a complete repair system. Among them, assessment determines the value, design sets the tone and direction, and construction is responsible for the specific implementation.

[0029] The renovation design and construction method of ancient residential buildings in the scenic area of the present invention takes into account both traditional craftsmanship and modern technology. Modern methods and means are adopted in all implementation stages. The scientific nature of renovation is strengthened through modern survey and design means, while traditional craftsmanship is adhered to to ensure the historical authenticity and artistic integrity of renovation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] Other features, objects, and advantages of the present application will become more apparent by reading the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments with reference to the following drawings:

[0031] Figure 1 It is a renovation framework system diagram of the ancient residential building in the embodiment of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 2 It is a process flow diagram of the renovation design and construction method of the ancient residential building in the scenic area of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0033] The present application will be further described in detail below with reference to the drawings and embodiments. It can be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the related invention and are not intended to limit the invention. Additionally, it should be noted that for the sake of description, only parts related to the invention are shown in the drawings.

[0034] It should be noted that, without conflict, the embodiments in the present application and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other. The present application will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings and embodiments.

[0035] Referring to Figure 1 and Figure 2 as shown, the present invention provides a renovation design and construction method for ancient residential buildings in the scenic area, including the following steps:

[0036] S1. Divide the renovation of the ancient residential building into a survey and assessment stage, a protection design stage, and a construction and renovation stage that are sequentially set.

[0037] The present invention establishes a scientific and reasonable design and renovation system for the renovation design and construction process of ancient residential buildings, which can be divided into a survey and assessment stage, a protection design stage, and a construction and renovation stage. The framework is as Figure 1 shown.

[0038] S2. In the survey and assessment stage, based on the current status images, current status drawings, and survey reports of the ancient residential building, evaluate the covering value, building damage, and structural safety of the ancient residential building.

[0039] Specifically, the survey and assessment encompasses two dimensions: value and safety. The value assessment, through detailed historical research and current condition inspections, reveals the building's artistic, historical, and scientific value, confirming its profound cultural heritage and significant research significance. The safety assessment, based on on-site measurements, photographic documentation, and professional visual inspections, comprehensively assesses building damage and structural safety, laying a solid foundation for the restoration project.

[0040] S3. During the protection design stage, the principle of restoring the old as it was was followed to design the renovation design documents for the ancient residential buildings.

[0041] Conservation design is at the core of historic building restoration. Adhering to the principle of "restoring the old as it was," the restoration integrates modern safety and usability requirements while preserving the architectural style. Through structural reinforcement and restoration of floors, roofs, timber structures, walls, and decorations, combining traditional craftsmanship with modern technology, precise restoration is implemented to ensure building safety and preserve its historical value. Key elements of the design are clearly defined, including spatial layout, structural characteristics, and material texture. Materials and craftsmanship are carefully selected, and conservation strategies for structure, materials, and exterior are implemented.

[0042] S4. During the construction and repair phase, the scaffolding shall be erected, vulnerable and decorative components and tile components shall be removed, the roof trusses shall be corrected, roof components shall be repaired, wooden components shall be repaired, wall components shall be repaired, door and window decorative components shall be repaired, the ground shall be repaired, and the scaffolding shall be inspected and removed.

[0043] During the construction and renovation phase, a series of traditional and modern techniques and technologies were used to ensure the quality of the ancient building's renovation. The roof was repaired using the traditional "lay seven and leave three" tile laying method combined with modern waterproof materials to enhance waterproof performance. The ground was laid using the three-in-one soil method, combined with modern foundation technology to ensure flatness and durability. The wood repair followed the mortise and tenon technique, combined with anti-corrosion and insect-proofing technology, and rotten wood was patched and replaced. Infrared monitoring and spraying of pesticides were used to prevent and control pests.

[0044] In this embodiment, the ancient dwelling repair construction method follows the principle of minor repairs instead of major repairs, strictly adhering to the principle of not changing the original state of the cultural relics and using original components as much as possible. The design and construction method for the repair of ancient dwellings in the scenic area of the present invention follows the "no-removal, roof-lift repair" construction method for repair.

[0045] Specifically, the construction method for repairing ancient dwellings includes construction preparation, removal of roof tiles and components, temporary support of the structure, etc., to ensure safety during the construction process and effectively protect the original appearance of the building.

[0046] Among them, 1. Construction preparation includes:

[0047] (1) Verify and check the site according to the design instructions, drawings, and budget list; measure the elevation and axis positioning.

[0048] (2) Take videos and photos of the existing building for archiving, and attach descriptions.

[0049] (3) Prepare personnel, materials, and machinery.

[0050] II. Demolishing tile components includes:

[0051] (1) Before removing the tiles, record the current status of the tile components in the form of written records, floating soil, and photos.

[0052] (2) Number the tile components.

[0053] (3) Demolish the tile components. The starting points for demolition are the drip, hook head, and cap nails at the eaves, and then the slope tiles are demolished. Record the construction method and thickness of the covering layer when removing the covering layer on the purlin board.

[0054] (4) Clean the tile components.

[0055] When removing the tiles on the roof, make detailed inspection records of the specifications of the tile components and various masonry materials. Do not damage the tile components during the demolition process, and treat the tile components differently according to their integrity. If the damaged part of the slab tile does not exceed 1 / 6 of the tile width and the remaining length of the rear end is not more than 9 / 10 of the total length, it is designated as a spare tile. Estimate the sufficient amount of tiles needed for roof repair based on the damage to the tile surface caused during tile removal. Except for the tiles and wooden components that need to be removed, do not remove those that do not need to be removed.

[0056] III. Temporary support for the framework

[0057] For the safety of the building and construction, conduct a stress analysis on the damaged structure of the building, and use simple supports, triangular supports, cross supports, and hemp rope pulling methods for fixation according to the component conditions. The temporary supports are firm and reliable and can be easily removed during construction. Damaging the original components is prohibited.

[0058] IV. Repairing wooden components includes rattan hoop reinforcement and inlaying treatment.

[0059] Among them, rattan hoop reinforcement includes that when the length of the side crack of the wooden component is less than 1 / 2 of the length of the wooden component and the depth is less than 1 / 4 of the outer diameter size of the wooden component, multiple rattan hoops are used to reinforce the wooden component to prevent further cracking.

[0060] The size of the rattan hoop is determined according to the cross-sectional size and stress conditions of the component. The width of the rattan hoop is not less than 6 mm, and the length is determined according to the cross-sectional size.

[0061] Inlaying treatment includes:

[0062] (1) Remove the decayed part of the wooden component;

[0063] (2) Use wooden blocks of the same material as the wooden component to inlay the holes formed after removing the decayed part of the wooden component;

[0064] (3) Treat the surface of the wooden components so that the surface texture and color of the wooden components are consistent.

[0065] V. Repair of the roof components includes the installation of wooden purlins, the repair and installation of rafters, the construction of roof sheathing, and the tiling construction.

[0066] (1) The installation of wooden purlins includes a comprehensive inspection of the on-site purlins, and the replacement of wooden purlins with cracks exceeding 1 / 4 of the diameter, bending exceeding 1 / 100, rupture length exceeding 2 / 3 of the total length, and depth exceeding 1 / 3.

[0067] Specifically, for the purlins with breakage, bending, and splitting, conduct a comprehensive inspection of the on-site purlins, and replace the purlins with cracks exceeding 1 / 4 of the diameter, bending exceeding 1 / 100, rupture length exceeding 2 / 3 of the total length, and depth exceeding 1 / 3. The new purlins are processed and fabricated according to the shape and size of the original components. After cutting the materials, draw lines, plane them round, and make the tenons and mortises at both ends fit the old tenons and mortises of the original components.

[0068] (2) The repair and installation of rafters includes replacing the new rafters in the areas with excessive decay and breakage. The surface of the new rafters is flat and straight, and the cross-section specifications are the same, and they are installed in place.

[0069] (3) Construction of roof sheathing

[0070] The roof sheathing is laid in a vertical and dense manner, using 150mm×15mm Chinese fir sheathing boards, and applying two coats of boiled tung oil for anti-corrosion. Each sheathing board is fixed by bamboo nails symmetrically on both sides of the ridge and closed section by section. After the roof sheathing is nailed, draw a line along the eaves and saw it off neatly, and the saw cut is perpendicular to the ground.

[0071] (4) Tiling construction

[0072] The size of the tiling battens is 130mm×30mm, and all joints are staggered and nailed firmly on the sheathing board. The spacing of the tiling battens is calculated according to the actual length of the roof and the tile size. The overhanging length of the first tiling batten at the eaves is kept between 50 and 70mm. The tiles are laid using the combination of the "seven-over-three" theoretical process and the experience of "sparse tiles at the eaves and dense tiles at the ridge", and are laid upward from the eaves.

[0073] VI. Wall repair includes:

[0074] (1) Treat the wooden skeletons, reed stalks, and bamboo strips for anti-corrosion and insect prevention, and apply a 3% sodium chloride aqueous solution.

[0075] (2) Install and fix the wooden keels on the original wall.

[0076] (3) Weave the reed stalks and bamboo strips into walls.

[0077] (4) Apply a 20mm-thick plaster of straw and mud for plastering on the outside of the reed stalks and bamboo strips.

[0078] (5) Use shell lime to plaster and finish the surface.

[0079] The raw material of straw mud is mainly local clayey red soil. Mix red soil, water, fine sand, rice husks and rice straws evenly according to the mass ratio of 24:11:8:1:1 to obtain the straw mud mixture; stack the above straw mud mixture for 2 days to complete the ripening of the straw mud mixture and form semi-finished straw mud; add an appropriate amount of quicklime water (quicklime and water are in a mass ratio of 1:2) to the semi-finished product for use.

[0080] Shell lime is lime burned with shells of oysters, ark clams, clams, etc. (containing more than 90% calcium carbonate) instead of limestone as the raw material.

[0081] VII. Ground repair.

[0082] For the construction of ground repair, the traditional rammed earth process is adopted, mainly using rammed earth for paving. The rammed earth is prepared by mixing shell lime, sand and loess according to the ratio, and each layer of soil is strictly processed by mixing and ramming techniques.

[0083] The construction process of rammed earth ground is divided into three layers:

[0084] (1) Base soil. Use the lower layer soil of cultivated land, the second and third layers of soil (the soil 40 - 90 cm below the surface) and spread and ram it after manual mixing.

[0085] (2) Stabilizing layer. Mix oyster lime, sand and loose loess in a ratio of 3:2:5, and use it for paving and ramming after one month of fermentation treatment.

[0086] (3) Surface layer. Sieve the loess on the surface layer, pour it into water and stir, take the upper layer of loess paste, mix shell lime, sand and loess in a ratio of 5:1:4, conduct manual mixing, manually pound it with a hoe, and let it ferment for one month (during which manual mixing is carried out 2 times).

[0087] During paving, manually level and ram it 2 - 3 times, promptly sweep away the loose materials, spray water to moisten it, and then pat it firmly with a wooden tamping board many times until it is smoothed with a manual trowel.

[0088] VIII. Anti - corrosion and insect - prevention construction

[0089] The anti - corrosion and insect - prevention treatment of wooden components is mainly divided into two stages: First, thoroughly treat all newly replaced wooden components for anti - corrosion and insect - prevention, and soak the wood by the diboron mixture soaking method for 24 hours. Second, for the wooden components that are not disassembled, a combination of injection method and surface spraying method is used for treatment. For the injection method, high - concentration liquid medicine is directly injected into the worm - eaten parts of the wood, and for the surface spraying method, it is applied no less than 3 times.

[0090] IX. Imitating the ancient style of newly installed wooden components

[0091] The newly installed components use traditional craftsmanship combined with modern technology for antique purposes, reflecting the quality and effect of antique building construction and reproducing the charm of ancient buildings. The antique craftsmanship in this case is as follows: Using 50g of black tea, 50g of astragalus, 3.5kg of drinking water, and an appropriate amount of ground ink as raw materials, boil these four materials together. After cooling, divide them into several portions, add different amounts of drinking water to them, and prepare color sauces with different shades. Then, apply them to the new components until the color, texture, and grain reach an "authentic" effect.

[0092] In the renovation project of ancient residences, the collision and combination between design and construction are inevitable. Design often roots in theory, aesthetics, and protection principles, while construction must consider practical conditions, material selection, and technical implementation. The key to resolving potential conflicts between the two lies in close communication and coordination. The traditional renovation concept should not be limited to the craftsmanship level but should comprehensively cover three core aspects: survey and assessment, protection and design, and construction and renovation. The renovation design and construction method for ancient residential buildings in the scenic area of this invention supports these three aspects mutually, and none of them can be missing, jointly constituting a complete renovation system. Among them, assessment determines value, design sets the tone and direction, and construction is responsible for the specific implementation.

[0093] The renovation design and construction method for ancient residential buildings in the scenic area of this invention takes both traditional craftsmanship and modern technology into account and adopts modern methods and means at all implementation stages. Strengthen the scientific nature of renovation through modern survey and design means, and at the same time adhere to traditional craftsmanship to ensure the historical authenticity and artistic integrity of renovation. For future renovation of ancient buildings, building information model technology can be used to achieve refined and intelligent construction process control. From material selection, craftsmanship implementation to quality monitoring, it can be tracked and optimized in real time through an intelligent system.

[0094] The above description is only the preferred embodiment of this application and an explanation of the applied technical principles. Those skilled in the art should understand that the scope of the invention involved in this application is not limited to the technical solution formed by the specific combination of the above technical features, but should also cover other technical solutions formed by any combination of the above technical features or their equivalent features without departing from the inventive concept. For example, the technical solutions formed by mutually replacing the above features with (but not limited to) technical features with similar functions disclosed in this application.

Claims

1. A method for the renovation design and construction of ancient residential buildings in a scenic area section, characterized in that It includes the following steps: Divide the repair of ancient residential buildings into a survey and assessment stage, a protection design stage, and a construction and repair stage set in sequence; In the said survey and assessment stage, based on the current status images, current status drawings, and survey reports of the ancient residential buildings, evaluate the covering value, building damage, and structural safety of the ancient residential buildings; In the said protection design stage, follow the principle of repairing the old as the old to design and form the repair design documents of the ancient residential buildings; In the said construction and repair stage, set up scaffolding, remove vulnerable and decorative components and tile components in sequence, correct the roof truss, repair the roof components, repair the wooden components, repair the wall components, repair the door and window decorative components, repair the ground, and accept and remove the scaffolding.

2. The renovation design and construction method of ancient residential buildings in the scenic area area according to claim 1, characterized in that, The removal of the said tile components includes: Before removing the tiles, record the current status of the tile components in the form of text records, floating soil, and photos; Number the said tile components; Dismantle the said tile components; Clean the said tile components.

3. The method for repairing and renovating ancient residential buildings in a scenic area according to claim 1, characterized in that, The repair of the said wooden components includes rattan hoop reinforcement. When the length of the side crack of the wooden component is less than 1 / 2 of the length of the wooden component and the depth is less than 1 / 4 of the outer diameter size of the wooden component, multiple rattan hoops are used to reinforce the wooden component to prevent continuous cracking.

4. The renovation design and construction method of ancient residential buildings in the scenic area section according to claim 3, characterized in that, The repair of the said wooden components also includes inlaying treatment, and the inlaying treatment includes: Remove the rotten part of the wooden component; Use wooden blocks of the same material as the wooden component to inlay the holes formed after removing the rotten part of the wooden component; Treat the surface of the wooden component so that the surface texture and color of the wooden component are consistent.

5. The renovation design and construction method of ancient residential buildings in the scenic area area according to claim 1, characterized in that, The repair of the said roof components includes the installation of wooden purlins, the repair and installation of rafters, the construction of roof sheathing, and the tiling construction.

6. The renovation design and construction method of ancient residential buildings in scenic area sections according to claim 5, characterized in that, The installation of the said wooden purlins includes a comprehensive inspection of the on-site purlins, and replacing the wooden purlins with cracks exceeding 1 / 4 of the diameter, bending and sagging exceeding 1 / 100, rupture length exceeding 2 / 3 of the full length, and depth exceeding 1 / 3.

7. The method for repairing, designing and constructing ancient residential buildings in a scenic area section according to claim 5, characterized in that The repair and installation of the said rafters includes replacing the new rafters in areas with excessive decay and breakage. The surface of the new rafters is flat, straight, and the cross-section specifications are the same, and they are installed in place.

8. The method for repairing, designing and constructing ancient residential buildings in scenic area sections according to claim 1, characterized in that, The repair of the said wall includes: Antiseptic and insect-proof treatment for wooden skeletons, reed stalks, and bamboo slices, and brush 3% sodium chloride aqueous solution; Install and fix the said wooden keel on the original wall; Weave the said reed stalks and the said bamboo slices into walls; Apply a 20-mm-thick plaster base coat of straw mud ash on the outside of the said reed stalks and the said bamboo slices; Use shell ash to plaster and finish the surface.

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