Floating positioning bidirectional medicine pressing device

Abstract

The invention discloses a floating positioning bidirectional explosive pressing device, relates to the technical field of special bullet products and initiating explosive devices, and can realize mold centering by means of a mechanical structure. And the danger caused by manually placing the pressure head can be avoided. The danger of manual operation can be completely avoided, and safe production is guaranteed. The floating die design can effectively solve the problem of high-precision die centering matching, the centering requirement of grain pressing can be guaranteed, the die machining difficulty is reduced, and the economical efficiency is improved. And meanwhile, the consistency of grain density can be effectively improved through two-way pressing, and the quality defect of grain products is overcome.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of special bullet products and initiators, and particularly to a floating positioning and two-way pressing device for propellant charges. Background Art

[0002] In the field of special bullet products and initiators, the production process often involves the pressing of propellant charges. The quality and safety of propellant charge pressing are extremely crucial, especially the pressing of propellant charges with a large length-to-diameter ratio is more technically difficult. In the traditional propellant charge pressing process, each manufacturer basically adopts a single-machine and one-way pressing mode. To ensure the coaxiality of the bottom die and the punch, the bottom die and the die need to be manually placed, then the propellant is loaded, and then the punch is manually placed. The propellant charge pressing is completed by a single machine, and the punch and other components are manually removed.

[0003] In the existing propellant charge pressing, manual and single-machine pressing methods are mostly used. Workers manually place the fixed bottom die and the die together, manually weigh the propellant, pour the propellant into the die, manually place the upper punch on the inner hole of the die, and finally pick up the entire die and place it under the press for pressing. The pressing is carried out inside an explosion-proof cover, and the press applies pressure to the punch to complete the pressing. After the pressing is completed, the explosion-proof cover is opened, the entire die is taken out, and the bottom die and the upper punch need to be manually removed. After removal, subsequent die removal work is carried out.

[0004] The manual pressing method in the prior art has the following disadvantages:

[0005] ① Relying on manual placement of the upper punch, when placing it, the die has already been filled with propellant. Since the punch and the inner hole of the die are in precise fit, when the punch is directly placed into the inner hole of the die, there is a risk of scratching the inner hole of the die during placement, which is not easy to place and poses a certain danger.

[0006] ② During the process of transferring the die, the punch is in the die. Vibration during the transfer process may cause friction between the punch and the inner hole of the die, and there is a certain danger during the manual transfer process.

[0007] ③ After the pressing is completed, manual die removal is required. During the die removal process, both the punch and the bottom die may cause friction with the inner hole of the die, and there is a certain danger in manual operation

[0008] ④ One-way pressing. When pressing propellant charges with a large length-to-diameter ratio, a longer holding pressure time is required, and the density uniformity of the one-way pressed propellant charges is inconsistent, resulting in local looseness and breakage of the propellant charge after die removal, causing product unqualified.

[0009] ⑤ For propellant charges with a small diameter and a large length-to-diameter ratio, it is difficult to align the punch, and problems such as easy deformation and breakage are likely to occur.

[0010] It can be seen that the above disadvantages will lead to low efficiency, unstable quality, and certain danger in the pressing of propellant charges with a large length-to-diameter ratio. Summary of the Invention

[0011] In view of the above problems, the present invention provides a floating positioning bi-directional pressing device for overcoming the above problems or at least partially solving the above problems. It solves the danger caused by the friction between the pressing head and the mold during manual assembly of the mold; the problem of inconsistent density uniformity of the medicine column caused by unidirectional pressing, and the problem that the local part of the medicine column is prone to looseness and fracture after demolding; the danger caused by the friction between the pressing head and the mold during manual demolding, etc.

[0012] The present invention provides the following solutions:

[0013] A floating positioning bi-directional pressing device, comprising:

[0014] A self-guided upward pressing head mechanism, a floating bottom mold mechanism and a mold; the self-guided upward pressing head mechanism and the floating bottom mold mechanism are respectively arranged opposite to the upper and lower ends of the mold one by one, so as to realize bi-directional pressing on the medicine column inside the mold during the pressing process;

[0015] The self-guided upward pressing head mechanism includes an upper pressing head sleeve, an upper pressing head, a first demolding spring, an upper pressing head positioning sleeve and an upper pressing head guiding sleeve; a blind hole is provided inside the upper pressing head sleeve, the upper pressing head positioning sleeve is provided with a first through hole, a counterbore and a first limiting shoulder, the first through hole and the counterbore are concentrically arranged, and the counterbore is used for sleeving outside the mold; the upper pressing head includes a first columnar section, a second columnar section and a third columnar section with diameters increasing in sequence, the first columnar section is arranged in a free state inside the first through hole, the first demolding spring is sleeved outside the second columnar section and is limited between the upper end of the upper pressing head positioning sleeve and the lower end of the third columnar section; the upper pressing head guiding sleeve is provided with a second through hole, and the upper pressing head guiding sleeve is connected with the upper pressing head sleeve, so that the upper pressing head positioning sleeve extends out through the second through hole, and the upper pressing head positioning sleeve, the upper pressing head and the first demolding spring are limited in the blind hole through the first limiting shoulder;

[0016] The floating bottom die mechanism includes a lower pressure head, a bottom die, a table panel, a second die-removing spring, a limit sleeve, and two sets of floating components; the lower pressure head includes a fourth columnar section and a fifth columnar section with gradually increasing diameters, and a second limit shoulder is provided on the fifth columnar section; the bottom die includes a stepped hole and a plug structure for realizing plug connection with the die; a third through hole is provided at the bottom of the limit sleeve, and the fourth columnar section and the fifth columnar section are respectively inserted into the stepped hole in a free state. After the limit sleeve is connected to the bottom die, the fifth columnar section extends out through the third through hole, and the lower pressure head is limited in the limit sleeve by the second limit shoulder. The second die-removing spring is sleeved outside the fifth columnar section and is limited between the second limit shoulder and the bottom die; the bottom die is connected to the table panel, and both sets of the floating components are connected to the table panel and are distributed on both sides of the limit sleeve; the two sets of the floating components are used to make the bottom die float up and down and left and right when the upper pressure head yaws, so as to make the upper pressure head and the lower pressure head concentric during the pressing process.

[0017] Preferably: a ball head structure is provided at the top of the third columnar section, and the ball head structure is used to eliminate the radial force during pressing.

[0018] Preferably: the die head positioning sleeve is connected to the upper pressure head sleeve and the upper pressure head guide sleeve in an interference fit manner.

[0019] Preferably: a guide port structure is provided at the lower end of the counterbore.

[0020] Preferably: the floating component includes a positioning screw, a floating spring, and a floating template; the floating template is provided with a fourth through hole, the positioning screw passes through the fourth through hole and is connected to the table panel, and the floating spring is sleeved outside the positioning screw and is located between the floating template and the nut of the positioning screw to provide a supporting force for the floating template.

[0021] According to the specific embodiments provided by the present invention, the following technical effects are disclosed by the present invention:

[0022] A floating positioning double-sided pressing device provided by an embodiment of the present application can realize die centering by relying on a mechanical structure. It can avoid the danger brought by manually placing the pressure head. It can completely avoid the danger of manual operation and ensure safe production. The floating die design can effectively solve the problem of centering fit of high-precision dies, which can not only ensure the centering requirements of the charge pressing, but also reduce the difficulty of die processing and improve the economy. At the same time, double-sided pressing can effectively improve the consistency of the charge density and solve the quality defects of the charge products.

[0023] Of course, it is not necessary for any product implementing the present invention to achieve all the above-mentioned advantages simultaneously. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0024] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required to be used in the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative efforts.

[0025] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a floating positioning double-sided pressing device provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a self-guiding upper punch mechanism provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a floating bottom die mechanism provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0028] In the figure: self-guiding upper punch mechanism 1, upper punch sleeve 101, upper punch 102, first die-removing spring 103, upper punch positioning sleeve 104, upper punch guiding sleeve 105, floating bottom die mechanism 2, lower punch 201, bottom die 202, table panel 203, second die-removing spring 204, limit sleeve 205, positioning screw 206, floating spring 207, floating template 208, die 3. Detailed Description of the Embodiments

[0029] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, rather than all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art belong to the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0030] See Figure 1 、 Figure 2 、 Figure 3 , a floating positioning double-sided pressing device provided by an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in Figure 1 、 Figure 2 、 Figure 3 shown, the device may include:

[0031] Self-guiding upper punch mechanism 1, floating bottom die mechanism 2 and die 3; the self-guiding upper punch mechanism 1 and the floating bottom die mechanism 2 are respectively arranged opposite to the upper and lower ends of the die one by one, so as to realize double-sided pressing of the medicine column inside the die during the pressing process;

[0032] The self-guiding upper punch mechanism 1 includes an upper punch sleeve 101, an upper punch 102, a first ejection spring 103, an upper punch positioning sleeve 104, and an upper punch guiding sleeve 105; a blind hole is provided inside the upper punch sleeve 101, the upper punch positioning sleeve 104 is provided with a first through hole, a counterbore, and a first limiting shoulder, the first through hole and the counterbore are concentrically arranged, and the counterbore is used for sleeving outside the mold; the upper punch 102 includes a first cylindrical section, a second cylindrical section, and a third cylindrical section with diameters increasing in sequence, the first cylindrical section is arranged in a free state inside the first through hole, the first ejection spring 103 is sleeved outside the second cylindrical section and is limited between the upper end of the upper punch positioning sleeve 104 and the lower end of the third cylindrical section; the upper punch guiding sleeve 105 is provided with a second through hole, the upper punch guiding sleeve 105 is connected to the upper punch sleeve 101, so that the upper punch positioning sleeve 104 extends out through the second through hole, and the upper punch positioning sleeve 104, the upper punch 102, and the first ejection spring 103 are limited inside the blind hole through the first limiting shoulder;

[0033] The floating bottom die mechanism 2 includes a lower punch 201, a bottom die 202, a table panel 203, a second ejection spring 204, a limiting sleeve 205, and two sets of floating components; the lower punch 201 includes a fourth cylindrical section and a fifth cylindrical section with diameters increasing in sequence, and a second limiting shoulder is provided on the fifth cylindrical section; the bottom die 202 includes a stepped hole and a plug structure, and the plug structure is used for realizing plug connection with the mold; a third through hole is provided at the bottom of the limiting sleeve 205, the fourth cylindrical section and the fifth cylindrical section are respectively inserted in the stepped hole in a free state, after the limiting sleeve 205 is connected to the bottom die 202, the fifth cylindrical section extends out through the third through hole and the lower punch 201 is limited inside the limiting sleeve 205 through the second limiting shoulder, the second ejection spring 204 is sleeved outside the fifth cylindrical section and is limited between the second limiting shoulder and the bottom die 202; the bottom die 202 is connected to the table panel 203, and both sets of the floating components are connected to the table panel 203 and are distributed on both sides of the limiting sleeve 205; both sets of the floating components are used for making the bottom die 202 move up and down and left and right when the upper punch yaws, so as to make the upper punch and the lower punch 201 concentric during the pressing process.

[0034] The self-guided upper punch mechanism 1 provided by the embodiment of the present application is used for pressing on the propellant charge, installed on the upper punch of the upper press, and automatically completes the centering and positioning of the upper punch and the pressing along with the downward movement N of the upper press, and automatically realizes the demoulding of the punch and the die along with the return of the press. The floating bottom die mechanism 2 is used for die positioning, positioning of the lower punch 201 and downward pressing of the propellant charge. The lower punch 201 can realize the downward pressing of the propellant charge under the push of the downward press force N. The floating bottom die 202 can realize the automatic floating correction during the centering process of the upper punch, ensuring the centering property of the upper punch.

[0035] In order to eliminate the radial force, the embodiment of the present application can also provide that the top of the third columnar section is provided with a ball head structure, and the ball head structure is used to eliminate the radial force during press-fitting.

[0036] Further, the punch positioning sleeve is connected to the upper punch sleeve 101 and the upper punch guide sleeve 105 in a clearance fit manner. The punch positioning sleeve, the upper punch sleeve 101 and the upper punch guide sleeve 105 are designed with a clearance fit. When the die is combined with the positioning sleeve, the centering of the two parts can be ensured through the clearance, and at the same time, the interference friction between the outer wall of the positioning sleeve and other parts is avoided.

[0037] A guide port structure is provided at the lower end of the counterbore. When the punch positioning sleeve contacts the die, due to the limiting effect of the die on the punch, the punch positioning sleeve can effectively sleeve on the die. A guide port is designed on the punch positioning sleeve to ensure the centering of the punch positioning sleeve and the die.

[0038] Specifically, the embodiment of the present application can also provide that the floating assembly includes a positioning screw 206, a floating spring 207 and a floating template 208; the floating template 208 is provided with a fourth through hole, the positioning screw 206 passes through the fourth through hole and is connected to the table board 203, and the floating spring 207 is sleeved outside the positioning screw 206 and is located between the floating template 208 and the nut of the positioning screw 206 to provide a supporting force for the floating template 208.

[0039] The self-guided upper punch mechanism 1 of this device moves along with the press to complete the automatic centering placement of the upper punch. A floating base is designed on the bottom die 202 to ensure that the deviation during the centering process of the upper punch can be automatically floating corrected, solving the danger of manual operation. A lower punch 201 is designed on the base to realize two-way pressing, ensuring the uniformity of the propellant charge density, thereby solving the quality defect. A demoulding mechanism is designed on the base to ensure automatic demoulding after pressing. Avoid the danger of manual operation.

[0040] The device provided by the present application will be introduced in detail below.

[0041] This device mainly consists of a self-guided upper punch mechanism 1, a floating bottom die mechanism 2, and a die 3.

[0042] The self-guided upward punch mechanism 1 adopts a spherical head upward punch structure, which can effectively eliminate the radial force and automatically adapt to the mold yaw at the same time, ensuring the effectiveness of force transmission. The punch positioning sleeve and the guide sleeve structure can effectively ensure the centering of the punch and the mold, achieving high-precision positioning. The spring die-removing mechanism can effectively remove the mold after pressing is completed.

[0043] The self-guided upward punch mechanism 1 mainly consists of an upper punch sleeve 101, an upper punch, a first die-removing spring 103, an upper punch positioning sleeve 104, an upper punch guide sleeve 105, etc.

[0044] Specifically, the upper punch sleeve 101 serves as the installation base of the entire upper punch. A blind hole is designed inside the upper punch sleeve 101, and the upper punch, the first die-removing spring 103, and the upper punch positioning sleeve 104 are installed in the hole. Then, the upper punch guide sleeve 105 is installed to limit the upper punch, the first die-removing spring 103, and the upper punch positioning sleeve 104 in the blind hole. The upper punch guide sleeve 105 is connected to the upper punch sleeve 101 by screws.

[0045] The entire mechanism is installed on the press punch. In the initial state, the punch positioning sleeve is at the lowest end under the action of the first die-removing spring 103, and the upper punch 102 retracts inside the positioning sleeve. When the press-fitting starts, as the press descends, the entire mechanism moves downward. When the upper punch positioning sleeve 104 contacts the mold, due to the limiting effect of the mold, the upper punch positioning sleeve 104 can effectively fit over the mold. A guiding port is designed on the upper punch positioning sleeve 104 to ensure the centering of the punch positioning sleeve and the mold.

[0046] The upper punch positioning sleeve 104 is designed with a clearance fit with the upper punch sleeve 101 and the upper punch guide sleeve 105. When the mold is combined with the upper positioning sleeve, the centricity of the two parts can be ensured through the clearance, and at the same time, interference friction between the outer wall of the positioning sleeve and other parts is avoided. As the press descends, the upper punch extends out of the upper punch positioning sleeve 104 and starts to enter the inner hole of the mold. Due to the existence of the upper punch positioning sleeve 104, the centering of the upper punch and the mold can be effectively ensured. At the same time, the top of the upper punch is designed as a spherical head, which can effectively eliminate the radial force during press-fitting. When the upper punch positioning sleeve 104 yaws, the spherical head can yaw with the positioning sleeve to ensure pressure transmission and avoid problems such as punch deformation and breakage. After the press-fitting is completed, as the press rises, the upper punch 102 and the upper punch positioning sleeve 104 can be effectively removed from the mold under the action of the first die-removing spring 103, solving the danger of manual operation.

[0047] The floating bottom mold mechanism 2 adopts a floating bottom mold 202. The bottom mold 202 can float up and down and left and right under the action of the spring. If the upper punch and the mold are not concentric, the mold can be pressed down together with the bottom mold 202. Once the upper punch enters the mold, the bottom mold 202 can automatically reset under the spring seat, thus avoiding interference and collision when the punch is not concentric, achieving the function of floating adjustment.

[0048] The floating bottom die mechanism 2 mainly consists of a lower pressing head 201, a bottom die 202, a table panel 203, a second die-removing spring 204, a limit sleeve 205, a positioning screw 206, a floating spring 207, a floating template 208, etc.

[0049] Specifically, the floating bottom die mechanism 2 mainly functions as a floating positioning for the upper pressing head and the die during the pressing process of the medicine and the two-way pressing of the lower pressing head 201. When the upper pressing head mechanism aligns with the die, the die is placed on the bottom die 202. When the upper pressing head 102 contacts the die 3, due to the existence of the floating template 208, when the upper pressing head 102 deflects, the bottom die 202 can float up and down and left and right under the action of the floating spring 207. If the upper pressing head and the die are not concentric, the die can be pressed down together with the bottom die 202. Once the upper pressing head 102 enters the inside of the die 3, the bottom die 202 can automatically reset under the action of the floating spring 207, thus avoiding interference and collision when the two pressing heads are not concentric, achieving the effect of floating adjustment.

[0050] After the upper pressing head 102 enters the die 3, the lower pressing head 201 can rise under the action of the press force N of the lower press, and cooperate with the upper pressing head 102 to simultaneously press the medicine in the die. The simultaneous pressing from above and below can effectively transmit the pressure, ensure the consistency of the column density of the medicine, and improve the problems of local looseness and fracture of the column of the medicine. After the pressing is completed, as the press retracts, the lower pressing head 201 can automatically complete the die-removing action under the action of the second die-removing spring 204, solving the danger of manual operation.

[0051] A two-way pressing die, a two-way pressing die with upper and lower pressing heads, can realize the two-way pressing of a medicine column with a large length-diameter ratio, and ensure the consistency of the density of the medicine column. And the upper and lower pressing heads are designed with die-removing springs to realize automatic die-removing after pressing.

[0052] In short, the floating positioning two-way medicine pressing device provided by the embodiment of the present application can realize die centering by relying on the mechanical structure. It can avoid the danger brought by manually placing the pressing head. It can completely avoid the danger of manual operation and ensure safe production. The design of the floating die can effectively solve the problem of centering and matching of high-precision dies, which can not only ensure the centering requirement of medicine column pressing, but also reduce the difficulty of die processing and improve the economy. At the same time, the two-way pressing can effectively improve the consistency of the density of the medicine column and solve the quality defects of the medicine column products.

[0053] It should be noted that in this document, relational terms such as first and second are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "include", "comprise" or any other variant thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article or device comprising a series of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article or device. Without further limitation, an element defined by the statement "comprising a..." does not exclude the presence of additional identical elements in the process, method, article or device comprising said element.

[0054] From the description of the above embodiments, those skilled in the art can clearly understand that the present application can be implemented by means of software plus a necessary general hardware platform. Based on such an understanding, the technical solution of the present application, in essence or the part that contributes to the prior art, can be embodied in the form of a software product, which can be stored in a storage medium, such as ROM / RAM, magnetic disk, optical disk, etc., including several instructions for causing a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) to execute the methods described in various embodiments or some parts of the embodiments of the present application.

[0055] Each embodiment in this specification is described in a progressive manner, and the same or similar parts between the embodiments can be referred to each other. Each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments. In particular, for the system or system embodiments, since they are basically similar to the method embodiments, the description is relatively simple, and the relevant parts can be referred to the partial description of the method embodiments. The systems and system embodiments described above are only illustrative, where the units described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and the components shown as units may or may not be physical units, that is, they may be located in one place, or may be distributed to multiple network units. Some or all of the modules can be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of this embodiment. Those of ordinary skill in the art can understand and implement it without creative efforts.

[0056] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not used to limit the protection scope of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A floating positioning two-way pressing device, characterized in that, It includes a self-guided upper punch mechanism, a floating bottom die mechanism and a mold; the self-guided upper punch mechanism and the floating bottom die mechanism are respectively arranged opposite to the upper and lower ends of the mold one by one, so as to realize double-sided pressing of the propellant column inside the mold during the propellant pressing process; The self-guided upper punch mechanism includes an upper punch sleeve, an upper punch, a first demolding spring, an upper punch positioning sleeve and an upper punch guiding sleeve; a blind hole is arranged inside the upper punch sleeve, the upper punch positioning sleeve is provided with a first through hole, a counterbore and a first limiting shoulder, the first through hole and the counterbore are concentrically arranged, and the counterbore is used for sleeving outside the mold; the upper punch includes a first cylindrical section, a second cylindrical section and a third cylindrical section with gradually increasing diameters, the first cylindrical section is arranged in the first through hole in a free state, the first demolding spring is sleeved outside the second cylindrical section and is limited between the upper end of the upper punch positioning sleeve and the lower end of the third cylindrical section; the upper punch guiding sleeve is provided with a second through hole, the upper punch guiding sleeve is connected with the upper punch sleeve, so that the upper punch positioning sleeve extends out through the second through hole, and the upper punch positioning sleeve, the upper punch and the first demolding spring are limited in the blind hole through the first limiting shoulder; The floating bottom die mechanism includes a lower punch, a bottom die, a table board, a second demolding spring, a limiting sleeve and two sets of floating components; the lower punch includes a fourth cylindrical section and a fifth cylindrical section with gradually increasing diameters, and a second limiting shoulder is arranged on the fifth cylindrical section; the bottom die includes a stepped hole and a plug structure, and the plug structure is used for realizing plug connection with the mold; a third through hole is arranged at the bottom of the limiting sleeve, the fourth cylindrical section and the fifth cylindrical section are respectively inserted into the stepped hole in a free state, after the limiting sleeve is connected with the bottom die, the fifth cylindrical section extends out through the third through hole and the lower punch is limited in the limiting sleeve through the second limiting shoulder, the second demolding spring is sleeved outside the fifth cylindrical section and is limited between the second limiting shoulder and the bottom die; the bottom die is connected with the table board, and two sets of the floating components are both connected with the table board and are distributed on both sides of the limiting sleeve; the two sets of the floating components are used for making the bottom die float up and down and left and right when the upper punch yaws, so as to make the upper punch and the lower punch concentric during the pressing process.

2. The floating positioning two-way pressing device according to claim 1, wherein, A ball head structure is arranged at the top of the third cylindrical section, and the ball head structure is used for eliminating the radial force during pressing.

3. The floating positioning double-direction pressing device according to claim 1, wherein The punch positioning sleeve is connected with the upper punch sleeve and the upper punch guiding sleeve in an interference fit manner.

4. The floating positioning two-way pressing device according to claim 1, wherein A guiding port structure is arranged at the lower end of the counterbore.

5. The floating positioning and double-sided pressing device according to claim 1, wherein The floating component includes a positioning screw, a floating spring and a floating template; the floating template is provided with a fourth through hole, the positioning screw passes through the fourth through hole and is connected with the table board, the floating spring is sleeved outside the positioning screw and is located between the floating template and the nut of the positioning screw, and is used for providing a supporting force for the floating template.

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