A large-scale physical model simulation experimental device and method for dangerous rock disasters in karst areas

Abstract

A large-scale physical model simulation experimental device and method for dangerous rock disasters in karst areas belongs to the field of rock mechanics technology. The device includes a rigid foundation, a horizontal dynamic load application component, a vertical static load application component, and a similar physical model bearing platform component. The horizontal dynamic load application component and the similar physical model bearing platform component are arranged side by side on the top of the rigid foundation; the vertical static load application component includes a horizontal longitudinal position adjustment mechanism, a vertical height position adjustment mechanism, a horizontal lateral position adjustment mechanism, and a static load pressure head. The large-scale physical model simulation experimental device and method for dangerous rock disasters in karst areas of the present invention can realize loading at any position in space, can meet the experimental loading requirements under the variable conditions of dangerous rock bodies, can adapt to the experimental loading requirements of physical models of different sizes that vary widely, can realize coupled loading of horizontal dynamic loads and vertical static loads, and can carry out experimental research under complex stress environments.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of rock mechanics, and in particular relates to a large-scale physical model simulation experimental device and method for dangerous rock disasters in karst areas. Background Art

[0002] Engineering excavation disturbance can easily induce collapse and damage of dangerous rock masses that are on the verge of destruction or in a subcritical state. However, it is difficult to accurately measure the destructive response of dangerous rock masses to excavation disturbance. Since the occurrence of dangerous rock mass failure is random and sudden, theoretical research on the process and mechanism of dangerous rock mass collapse induced by engineering excavation disturbance is difficult. At present, relevant research is usually carried out through physical model experiments.

[0003] Currently, existing physical model experimental devices still have some shortcomings in conducting research on the process and mechanism of dangerous rock collapse induced by engineering excavation disturbance:

[0004] ① It can only be applied to loading at a specific location. However, the dangerous rock masses in actual projects have multiple locations and the number of dangerous rock masses may also be multiple. Therefore, the loading capacity at a specific location cannot meet the experimental loading requirements under the conditions of multiple dangerous rock masses.

[0005] ②It is only applicable to physical models of specific sizes with small variations, and is difficult to adapt to physical models of different sizes with large variations, and cannot meet the experimental loading requirements of physical models of different sizes;

[0006] ③. It can only meet the unidirectional loading requirements at specific locations, and cannot achieve coupled loading of horizontal dynamic loads and vertical static loads, making it difficult to conduct experimental research under complex stress environments. Summary of the Invention

[0007] In response to the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a large-scale physical model simulation experimental device and method for dangerous rock disasters in karst areas, which can realize loading at any position in space, can meet the experimental loading requirements under the variable conditions of dangerous rock masses, can adapt to the experimental loading requirements of physical models of different sizes with a wide range of changes, can realize the coupled loading of horizontal dynamic loads and vertical static loads, and can carry out experimental research under complex stress environments.

[0008] In order to achieve the above-mentioned objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: a large-scale physical model simulation experimental device for dangerous rock disasters in karst areas, comprising a rigid foundation, a horizontal dynamic load application component, a vertical static load application component and a similar physical model bearing platform component; the horizontal dynamic load application component and the similar physical model bearing platform component are arranged in parallel on the top of the rigid foundation; the vertical static load application component comprises a horizontal longitudinal position adjustment mechanism, a vertical height position adjustment mechanism, a horizontal transverse position adjustment mechanism and a static load pressure head; the horizontal longitudinal position adjustment mechanism is arranged on the top of the rigid foundation, and the horizontal longitudinal position adjustment mechanisms are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the similar physical model bearing platform component; the vertical height position adjustment mechanism is arranged on the horizontal longitudinal position adjustment mechanism; the horizontal transverse position adjustment mechanism is arranged on the vertical height position adjustment mechanism; and the static load pressure head is arranged on the horizontal transverse position adjustment mechanism.

[0009] The horizontal dynamic load application assembly includes a dynamic load support base plate, a dynamic load reaction force support, a double dynamic load cylinder, an accumulator and a servo valve group; the dynamic load support base plate is horizontally fixedly installed on the upper surface of the rigid foundation; the dynamic load reaction force support is fixedly installed on the upper surface of the dynamic load support base plate; the double dynamic load cylinder is horizontally arranged above the dynamic load support base plate, and the rear end of the double dynamic load cylinder is fixedly connected to the dynamic load reaction force support; the accumulator is located between the double dynamic load cylinder and the dynamic load reaction force support; the servo valve group is arranged on the cylinder body of the double dynamic load cylinder.

[0010] The similar physical model bearing platform assembly includes a bearing platform support base, a model support plate, a dynamic load transmission frame, a model protective enclosure, a dynamic load guide rail and a dynamic load slider; the bearing platform support base is horizontally fixedly installed on the upper surface of the rigid foundation; there are several dynamic load guide rails, and several dynamic load guide rails are arranged in parallel on the upper surface of the bearing platform support base at equal intervals, and the dynamic load guide rails are distributed in parallel with the double dynamic load cylinder; the dynamic load slider is arranged on the dynamic load guide rail, and each dynamic load guide rail is provided with several dynamic load sliders, and the several dynamic load sliders on each dynamic load guide rail are distributed in a straight line at equal intervals; the model support plate is horizontally arranged above the bearing platform support base, and the lower surface of the model support plate is fixedly connected to the dynamic load slider; the model protective enclosure is fixedly installed on the edge of the upper surface of the model support plate; the dynamic load transmission frame is located between the model support plate and the double dynamic load cylinder, the dynamic load transmission frame is fixedly connected to the model support plate, and the dynamic load transmission frame is directly opposite to the piston rod of the double dynamic load cylinder.

[0011] The horizontal and longitudinal position adjustment mechanism includes an adjustment mechanism support base, an adjustment mechanism support plate, a horizontal longitudinal guide rail, a horizontal longitudinal slider, a horizontal longitudinal slide, a horizontal and longitudinal position adjustment motor, a horizontal and longitudinal position adjustment extension bracket, a horizontal and longitudinal position adjustment gear and a horizontal and longitudinal position adjustment rack; the adjustment mechanism support base is horizontally fixedly mounted on the upper surface of the rigid foundation; the adjustment mechanism support plate is horizontally fixedly mounted on the upper surface of the adjustment mechanism support base; the horizontal longitudinal guide rail is fixedly mounted on the adjustment mechanism support plate, and the horizontal longitudinal guide rail is parallel to the dynamic load guide rail; the horizontal longitudinal slider is mounted on the horizontal longitudinal guide rail; the horizontal longitudinal slide is mounted on the horizontal longitudinal slider; the horizontal and longitudinal position adjustment extension bracket is fixedly connected to the horizontal longitudinal slide; the horizontal and longitudinal position adjustment motor is vertically fixed on the horizontal and longitudinal position adjustment extension bracket, and the power output shaft of the horizontal and longitudinal position adjustment motor faces downward; the horizontal and longitudinal position adjustment gear is fixedly mounted on the power output shaft of the horizontal and longitudinal position adjustment motor; the horizontal and longitudinal position adjustment rack is fixedly mounted on the adjustment mechanism support plate, the horizontal and longitudinal position adjustment rack is parallel to the horizontal longitudinal guide rail, and the horizontal and longitudinal position adjustment rack is meshed with the horizontal and longitudinal position adjustment gear.

[0012] The cross-sectional shape of the horizontal longitudinal slide is I-shaped; the cross-sectional shape of the load-bearing platform support base is U-shaped; a give-way guide slot is provided on the adjustment mechanism support plate; the vertical plate of the horizontal longitudinal slide is installed in the give-way guide slot, the upper cross plate of the horizontal longitudinal slide is located above the adjustment mechanism support plate, and the lower cross plate of the horizontal longitudinal slide is located below the adjustment mechanism support plate and placed in the U-shaped groove of the load-bearing platform support base; there are four horizontal longitudinal guide rails, and two horizontal longitudinal guide rails are provided on the upper and lower surfaces of the adjustment mechanism support plates on both sides of the give-way guide slot, and each horizontal longitudinal guide rail is provided with two horizontal longitudinal sliding blocks.

[0013] The vertical height position adjustment mechanism includes a column, a vertical height position adjustment screw, a vertical height position adjustment nut, a crossbeam, a vertical height position adjustment motor, a driving pulley, a first driven pulley, a second driven pulley, a first tensioning pulley, a second tensioning pulley, a synchronous belt and a vertical height position adjustment extension bracket; the number of the columns is two, and the two columns are respectively vertically fixed on the horizontal longitudinal slides on both sides of the similar physical model bearing platform assembly, and a vertical height position adjustment nut is vertically installed on the top of each column, and a vertical height position adjustment screw is vertically installed in each vertical height position adjustment nut; the crossbeam is horizontally arranged and located directly above the two columns, and the two ends of the crossbeam are respectively connected to the upper ends of the two vertical height position adjustment screws, The vertical height position adjusting screw and the crossbeam are rotatably connected through a bearing; the first driven pulley and the second driven pulley are respectively fixedly mounted on the top ends of the two vertical height position adjusting screws; the vertical height position adjusting extension bracket is fixedly mounted in the middle of the crossbeam; the vertical height position adjusting motor is vertically fixed on the vertical height position adjusting extension bracket, and the power output shaft of the vertical height position adjusting motor faces downward; the driving pulley is fixedly mounted on the power output shaft of the vertical height position adjusting motor; the first tensioning pulley and the second tensioning pulley are symmetrically distributed on the crossbeam on both sides of the vertical height position adjusting motor; the driving pulley, the first tensioning pulley, the first driven pulley, the second driven pulley and the second tensioning pulley are connected through a synchronous belt transmission.

[0014] The horizontal and transverse position adjustment mechanism includes a horizontal and transverse position adjustment motor, a horizontal and transverse position adjustment screw rod, a horizontal and transverse position adjustment nut slide, a horizontal and transverse guide rail, a horizontal and transverse slider and a horizontal and transverse guide light rod; the horizontal and transverse position adjustment motor is fixedly installed at the end of the horizontal beam, the power output shaft of the horizontal and transverse position adjustment motor is coaxially fixedly connected with one end of the horizontal and transverse position adjustment screw rod, and the other end of the horizontal and transverse position adjustment screw rod is rotatably connected to the horizontal beam through a bearing, and the horizontal and transverse position adjustment screw rod is vertically distributed to the horizontal longitudinal guide rail; the horizontal and transverse guide light rod is fixedly installed on the horizontal beam on the opposite side of the horizontal and transverse position adjustment screw rod, and the horizontal and transverse guide light rod is parallel to the horizontal and transverse position adjustment screw rod; the cross-sectional shape of the horizontal and transverse position adjustment nut slide is U-shaped, A threaded hole is built into the top of the left vertical plate of the horizontal and transverse position adjustment nut slide, and the horizontal and transverse position adjustment screw rod is installed in the threaded hole at the top of the left vertical plate of the horizontal and transverse position adjustment nut slide; a light hole is built into the top of the right vertical plate of the horizontal and transverse position adjustment nut slide, and the horizontal and transverse guide light rod is installed in the light hole at the top of the right vertical plate of the horizontal and transverse position adjustment nut slide; the horizontal and transverse guide rail is fixedly installed at the bottom of the beam, and the horizontal and transverse guide rail is distributed parallel to the horizontal and transverse position adjustment screw rod and the horizontal and transverse guide light rod; the horizontal and transverse slider is arranged on the horizontal and transverse guide rail, and the horizontal and transverse slider is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the bottom transverse plate of the horizontal and transverse position adjustment nut slide; the static load pressure head is vertically installed in the middle of the lower surface of the bottom transverse plate of the horizontal and transverse position adjustment nut slide.

[0015] Stabilizing steel cables are symmetrically and obliquely arranged between the top of the column and the model support plate, and between the bottom of the beam and the dynamic load support base plate, and a basket screw is installed in the middle of each stabilizing steel cable.

[0016] A large-scale physical model simulation experimental method for dangerous rock disasters in karst areas, using the large-scale physical model simulation experimental device for dangerous rock disasters in karst areas, comprises the following steps:

[0017] Step 1: A large-scale physical model of dangerous rock disasters in the karst area is made in situ on the model support plate. During the process of making the large-scale physical model of dangerous rock disasters in the karst area, the size, position and number of dangerous rock bodies are set on the physical model according to experimental needs, and the displacement sensor, strain gauge and acoustic emission probe are installed at the same time;

[0018] Step 2: After the large-scale physical model of dangerous rock disasters in the karst area is completed, the model protection fence is installed around the physical model;

[0019] Step 3: Select static load heads of different types and functions as backup according to experimental needs;

[0020] Step 4: Select one of the several spare static load pressure heads and install the selected static load pressure head on the middle part of the lower surface of the bottom horizontal plate of the horizontal lateral position adjustment nut slide;

[0021] Step 5: Select a dangerous rock mass on the physical model as the static load test point;

[0022] Step 6: Start the horizontal longitudinal position adjustment motor to drive the horizontal longitudinal position adjustment gear to engage with the horizontal longitudinal position adjustment rack, drive the horizontal longitudinal slide to adjust the position along the horizontal longitudinal guide rail, and make the column, beam, horizontal transverse position adjustment nut slide and static load pressure head move synchronously with the horizontal longitudinal slide until the beam moves to the top of the static load test point;

[0023] Step 7: Start the horizontal lateral position adjustment motor to drive the horizontal lateral position adjustment screw and the threaded hole on the top of the left vertical plate of the horizontal lateral position adjustment nut slide to perform threaded transmission, and drive the horizontal lateral position adjustment nut slide to adjust its position along the horizontal lateral guide rail and the horizontal lateral guide rod until the static load pressure head moves to the top of the static load test point;

[0024] Step 8: Start the vertical height position adjustment motor to drive the active pulley to engage with the synchronous belt for transmission, drive the first driven pulley and the second driven pulley to rotate synchronously, and then drive the two vertical height position adjustment screws to rotate synchronously, so that the vertical height position adjustment screw and the vertical height position adjustment nut are threaded, and the rotational motion of the vertical height position adjustment screw is synchronously converted into vertical lifting motion, so that the crossbeam, the horizontal transverse position adjustment nut slide and the static load pressure head are synchronously lowered until the static load pressure head contacts the physical model;

[0025] Step 9: First, complete the symmetrical diagonal layout of the stabilizing cables between the bottom of the beam and the dynamic load support base plate, and then complete the symmetrical diagonal layout of the stabilizing cables between the top of the column and the model support plate. During the layout of the stabilizing cables, adjust the basket screws to tighten the cables.

[0026] Step 10: Start the double dynamic load cylinder and extend the piston rod of the double dynamic load cylinder until the piston rod of the double dynamic load cylinder contacts the dynamic load transmission frame, and then fix the piston rod of the double dynamic load cylinder and the dynamic load transmission frame together;

[0027] Step 11: Start the static load head and apply a static load to the static load test point of the physical model through the static load head, while recording the data of the displacement sensor, strain gauge and acoustic emission probe;

[0028] Step 12: Start the dual dynamic load cylinders and apply disturbances to the physical model through the dynamic load transmission frame and the model support plate to achieve coupled loading of horizontal dynamic loads and vertical static loads. Simultaneously, record the data from the displacement sensor, strain gauge, and acoustic emission probe.

[0029] Step 13: Summarize and analyze the experimental data.

[0030] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0031] The large-scale physical model simulation experimental device and method for dangerous rock disasters in karst areas of the present invention can realize loading at any position in space, can meet the experimental loading requirements under the variable conditions of dangerous rock masses, can adapt to the experimental loading requirements of physical models of different sizes with a wide range of changes, can realize coupled loading of horizontal dynamic loads and vertical static loads, and can carry out experimental research under complex stress environments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0032] Figure 1 This is a structural schematic diagram of a large-scale physical model simulation experimental device for dangerous rock disasters in karst areas according to the present invention;

[0033] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of the horizontal dynamic load applying assembly of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the structure of the combination of the vertical static load application assembly of the present invention (when the crossbeam height is at the lowest) and a similar physical model bearing platform assembly (the model support plate and the model protective enclosure are not shown);

[0035] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the structure of the combination of the vertical static load application assembly (when the crossbeam height is raised) of the present invention and the similar physical model bearing platform assembly (the model support plate and the model protective enclosure are not shown);

[0036] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the structure of the combination of a similar physical model supporting platform assembly (model support plate and model protection enclosure are not shown) and a horizontal and longitudinal position adjustment mechanism of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 6 It is a structural schematic diagram of the horizontal and longitudinal position adjustment mechanism of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 7 is a cross-sectional view of the horizontal and longitudinal position adjustment mechanism of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 8 It is a front view of the vertical height position adjustment mechanism of the present invention (the column and the vertical height position adjustment screw are not shown);

[0040] Figure 9 A top view of the vertical height position adjustment mechanism of the present invention (the column is not shown);

[0041] In the figure, 1 is a rigid foundation, 2 is a static load pressure head, 3 is a dynamic load support base, 4 is a dynamic load reaction support, 5 is a double dynamic load cylinder, 6 is an accumulator, 7 is a servo valve group, 8 is a support base for the bearing platform, 9 is a model support plate, 10 is a dynamic load transmission frame, 11 is a model protection enclosure, 12 is a dynamic load guide rail, 13 is a dynamic load slider, 14 is an adjustment mechanism support base, 15 is an adjustment mechanism support plate, 16 is a horizontal longitudinal guide rail, 17 is a horizontal longitudinal slider, 18 is a horizontal longitudinal slide, 19 is a horizontal longitudinal position adjustment motor, 20 is a horizontal longitudinal position adjustment extension bracket, 21 is a horizontal longitudinal position adjustment gear, 22 is a horizontal longitudinal position adjustment rack, 23 is a yield guide slot, 24 is a horizontal longitudinal position adjustment motor, 25 is a horizontal longitudinal position adjustment extension bracket, 26 is a horizontal longitudinal position adjustment gear, 27 is a horizontal longitudinal position adjustment rack, 28 is a horizontal longitudinal position adjustment rack, 29 is a horizontal longitudinal position adjustment motor, 30 is a horizontal longitudinal position adjustment motor, 31 is a horizontal longitudinal position adjustment gear, 32 is a horizontal longitudinal position adjustment rack, 33 is a horizontal longitudinal position adjustment rack, 34 is a horizontal longitudinal position adjustment motor, 35 is a horizontal longitudinal position adjustment motor, 36 is a horizontal longitudinal position adjustment motor, 37 is a horizontal longitudinal position adjustment motor, 38 is a horizontal longitudinal position adjustment motor, 39 is a horizontal longitudinal position adjustment motor, 40 is a horizontal longitudinal position adjustment motor, 41 is a horizontal longitudinal position adjustment motor, 42 is a horizontal longitudinal position adjustment motor, 43 is a horizontal longitudinal position adjustment motor, 44 is a horizontal longitudinal position adjustment motor, 45 is a horizontal longitudinal position adjustment motor, 46 is a horizontal longitudinal position adjustment motor, 47 is a horizontal longitudinal position adjustment motor, 48 is a horizontal longitudinal position adjustment motor, 49 is a horizontal longitudinal position adjustment motor —Vertical plate, 25—upper horizontal plate, 26—lower horizontal plate, 27—upright column, 28—vertical height position adjustment screw, 29—vertical height position adjustment nut, 30—crossbeam, 31—vertical height position adjustment motor, 32—driving pulley, 33—first driven pulley, 34—second driven pulley, 35—first tensioning pulley, 36—second tensioning pulley, 37—synchronous belt, 38—vertical height position adjustment extension bracket, 39—horizontal transverse position adjustment motor, 40—horizontal transverse position adjustment screw, 41—horizontal transverse position adjustment nut slide, 42—horizontal transverse guide rail, 43—horizontal transverse slider, 44—horizontal transverse guide light rod, 45—stabilizing steel cable, 46—basket screw. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0042] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0043] like Figures 1 to 9 As shown, a large-scale physical model simulation experimental device for dangerous rock disasters in karst areas includes a rigid foundation 1, a horizontal dynamic load application component, a vertical static load application component and a similar physical model bearing platform component; the horizontal dynamic load application component and the similar physical model bearing platform component are arranged in parallel on the top of the rigid foundation 1; the vertical static load application component includes a horizontal longitudinal position adjustment mechanism, a vertical height position adjustment mechanism, a horizontal transverse position adjustment mechanism and a static load pressure head 2; the horizontal longitudinal position adjustment mechanism is arranged on the top of the rigid foundation 1, and the horizontal longitudinal position adjustment mechanisms are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the similar physical model bearing platform component; the vertical height position adjustment mechanism is arranged on the horizontal longitudinal position adjustment mechanism; the horizontal transverse position adjustment mechanism is arranged on the vertical height position adjustment mechanism; and the static load pressure head 2 is arranged on the horizontal transverse position adjustment mechanism.

[0044] The horizontal dynamic load application assembly includes a dynamic load support base plate 3, a dynamic load reaction force support 4, a double dynamic load cylinder 5, an accumulator 6 and a servo valve group 7; the dynamic load support base plate 3 is horizontally fixedly installed on the upper surface of the rigid foundation 1; the dynamic load reaction force support 4 is fixedly installed on the upper surface of the dynamic load support base plate 3; the double dynamic load cylinder 5 is horizontally arranged above the dynamic load support base plate 3, and the rear end of the double dynamic load cylinder 5 is fixedly connected to the dynamic load reaction force support 4; the accumulator 6 is located between the double dynamic load cylinder 5 and the dynamic load reaction force support 4; the servo valve group 7 is arranged on the cylinder body of the double dynamic load cylinder 5.

[0045] The similar physical model bearing platform assembly includes a bearing platform support base 8, a model support plate 9, a dynamic load transmission frame 10, a model protection enclosure 11, a dynamic load guide rail 12 and a dynamic load slider 13; the bearing platform support base 8 is horizontally fixedly installed on the upper surface of the rigid foundation 1; the number of the dynamic load guide rails 12 is several, and the multiple dynamic load guide rails 12 are arranged in parallel on the upper surface of the bearing platform support base 8 at equal intervals, and the dynamic load guide rails 12 are distributed in parallel with the double dynamic load cylinder 5; the dynamic load slider 13 is arranged on the dynamic load guide rail 12, and each dynamic load guide rail 12 is provided with a plurality of dynamic load guide rails 12. There are several dynamic load sliders 13, and the several dynamic load sliders 13 on each dynamic load guide rail 12 are distributed in a straight line with equal intervals; the model support plate 9 is horizontally arranged above the load-bearing platform support base 8, and the lower surface of the model support plate 9 is fixedly connected to the dynamic load slider 13; the model protection enclosure 11 is fixedly installed on the edge of the upper surface of the model support plate 9; the dynamic load force transmission frame 10 is located between the model support plate 9 and the double dynamic load cylinder 5, the dynamic load force transmission frame 10 is fixedly connected to the model support plate 9, and the dynamic load force transmission frame 10 is directly opposite to the piston rod of the double dynamic load cylinder 5.

[0046] The horizontal longitudinal position adjustment mechanism includes an adjustment mechanism support base 14, an adjustment mechanism support plate 15, a horizontal longitudinal guide rail 16, a horizontal longitudinal slider 17, a horizontal longitudinal slide 18, a horizontal longitudinal position adjustment motor 19, a horizontal longitudinal position adjustment extension bracket 20, a horizontal longitudinal position adjustment gear 21 and a horizontal longitudinal position adjustment rack 22; the adjustment mechanism support base 14 is horizontally fixedly installed on the upper surface of the rigid foundation 1; the adjustment mechanism support plate 15 is horizontally fixedly installed on the upper surface of the adjustment mechanism support base 14; the horizontal longitudinal guide rail 16 is fixedly arranged on the adjustment mechanism support plate 15, and the horizontal longitudinal guide rail 16 is parallel to the dynamic guide rail 12; the horizontal longitudinal slider 17 is arranged in the horizontal longitudinal On the guide rail 16; the horizontal longitudinal slide 18 is installed on the horizontal longitudinal slider 17; the horizontal longitudinal position adjustment extension bracket 20 is fixedly connected to the horizontal longitudinal slide 18; the horizontal longitudinal position adjustment motor 19 is vertically fixed on the horizontal longitudinal position adjustment extension bracket 20, and the power output shaft of the horizontal longitudinal position adjustment motor 19 faces downward; the horizontal longitudinal position adjustment gear 21 is fixedly installed on the power output shaft of the horizontal longitudinal position adjustment motor 19; the horizontal longitudinal position adjustment rack 22 is fixedly installed on the adjustment mechanism support plate 15, the horizontal longitudinal position adjustment rack 22 is distributed parallel to the horizontal longitudinal guide rail 16, and the horizontal longitudinal position adjustment rack 22 is engaged with the horizontal longitudinal position adjustment gear 21.

[0047] The cross-sectional shape of the horizontal longitudinal slide 18 is I-shaped; the cross-sectional shape of the load-bearing platform support base 8 is U-shaped; a give-way guide slot 23 is provided on the adjustment mechanism support plate 15; the vertical plate 24 of the horizontal longitudinal slide 18 is inserted into the give-way guide slot 23, the upper transverse plate 25 of the horizontal longitudinal slide 18 is located above the adjustment mechanism support plate 15, and the lower transverse plate 26 of the horizontal longitudinal slide 18 is located below the adjustment mechanism support plate 15 and is placed in the U-shaped groove of the load-bearing platform support base 8; there are four horizontal longitudinal guide rails 16, and two horizontal longitudinal guide rails 16 are provided on the upper and lower surfaces of the adjustment mechanism support plate 15 on both sides of the give-way guide slot 23, and each horizontal longitudinal guide rail 16 is provided with two horizontal longitudinal sliders 17.

[0048] The vertical height position adjustment mechanism includes a column 27, a vertical height position adjustment screw 28, a vertical height position adjustment nut 29, a crossbeam 30, a vertical height position adjustment motor 31, a driving pulley 32, a first driven pulley 33, a second driven pulley 34, a first tensioning pulley 35, a second tensioning pulley 36, a synchronous belt 37 and a vertical height position adjustment extension bracket 38; the number of the columns 27 is two, and the two columns 27 are respectively vertically fixed on the horizontal longitudinal slide 18 on both sides of the similar physical model bearing platform assembly, and a vertical height position adjustment nut 29 is vertically installed on the top of each column 27, and a vertical height position adjustment screw 28 is vertically installed in each vertical height position adjustment nut 29; the crossbeam 30 is horizontally arranged and located directly above the two columns 27, and the two ends of the crossbeam 30 are respectively connected to the upper ends of the two vertical height position adjustment screws 28. The first tensioning pulley 35 and the second tensioning pulley 36 are symmetrically distributed on the cross beam 30 on both sides of the vertical height position adjusting motor 31; the driving pulley 32, the first tensioning pulley 35, the first driven pulley 33, the second driven pulley 34 and the second tensioning pulley 36 are connected by a synchronous belt 37.

[0049] The horizontal and transverse position adjustment mechanism includes a horizontal and transverse position adjustment motor 39, a horizontal and transverse position adjustment screw rod 40, a horizontal and transverse position adjustment nut slide 41, a horizontal and transverse guide rail 42, a horizontal and transverse slider 43 and a horizontal and transverse guide light rod 44; the horizontal and transverse position adjustment motor 39 is fixedly installed at the end of the beam 30, the power output shaft of the horizontal and transverse position adjustment motor 39 is coaxially fixedly connected to one end of the horizontal and transverse position adjustment screw rod 40, and the other end of the horizontal and transverse position adjustment screw rod 40 is rotatably connected to the beam 30 through a bearing, and the horizontal and transverse position adjustment screw rod 40 is vertically distributed to the horizontal longitudinal guide rail 16; the horizontal and transverse guide light rod 44 is fixedly installed on the beam 30 on the opposite side of the horizontal and transverse position adjustment screw rod 40, and the horizontal and transverse guide light rod 44 is parallel to the horizontal and transverse position adjustment screw rod 40; the cross-sectional shape of the horizontal and transverse position adjustment nut slide 41 is The U-shaped, horizontal and transverse position adjustment nut slide 41 has a threaded hole built into the top of the left vertical plate, and the horizontal and transverse position adjustment screw rod 40 is installed in the threaded hole at the top of the left vertical plate of the horizontal and transverse position adjustment nut slide 41; the horizontal and transverse position adjustment nut slide 41 has a light hole built into the top of the right vertical plate, and the horizontal and transverse guide light rod 44 is installed in the light hole at the top of the right vertical plate of the horizontal and transverse position adjustment nut slide 41; the horizontal and transverse guide rail 42 is fixedly installed at the bottom of the beam 30, and the horizontal and transverse guide rail 42 is parallel to the horizontal and transverse position adjustment screw rod 40 and the horizontal and transverse guide light rod 44; the horizontal and transverse slider 43 is arranged on the horizontal and transverse guide rail 42, and the horizontal and transverse slider 43 is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the bottom transverse plate of the horizontal and transverse position adjustment nut slide 41; the static load pressure head 2 is vertically installed in the middle of the lower surface of the bottom transverse plate of the horizontal and transverse position adjustment nut slide 41.

[0050] Stabilizing steel cables 45 are symmetrically and obliquely arranged between the top of the upright column 27 and the model support plate 9 and between the bottom of the crossbeam 30 and the dynamic load support base plate 3 , and a turnbuckle 46 is installed in the middle of each stabilizing steel cable 45 .

[0051] A large-scale physical model simulation experimental method for dangerous rock disasters in karst areas, using the large-scale physical model simulation experimental device for dangerous rock disasters in karst areas, comprises the following steps:

[0052] Step 1: A large-scale physical model of dangerous rock disasters in the karst area is made in situ on the model support plate 9. During the process of making the large-scale physical model of dangerous rock disasters in the karst area, the size, position and number of dangerous rock bodies are set on the physical model according to experimental needs, and the displacement sensor, strain gauge and acoustic emission probe are installed at the same time;

[0053] Step 2: After the large-scale physical model of dangerous rock disasters in the karst area is completed, the model protection enclosure 11 is installed around the physical model;

[0054] Step 3: Select static load heads 2 of different types and functions as backup according to experimental needs;

[0055] Step 4: Select one of the several spare static load pressure heads 2 and install the selected static load pressure head 2 to the middle of the lower surface of the bottom horizontal plate of the horizontal lateral position adjustment nut slide 41;

[0056] Step 5: Select a dangerous rock mass on the physical model as the static load test point;

[0057] Step 6: Start the horizontal longitudinal position adjustment motor 19, drive the horizontal longitudinal position adjustment gear 21 to engage with the horizontal longitudinal position adjustment rack 22, and drive the horizontal longitudinal slide 18 to adjust its position along the horizontal longitudinal guide rail 16, so that the column 27, the beam 30, the horizontal transverse position adjustment nut slide 41 and the static load pressure head 2 move synchronously with the horizontal longitudinal slide 18 until the beam 30 moves to be just above the static load test point;

[0058] Step 7: Start the horizontal transverse position adjustment motor 39 to drive the horizontal transverse position adjustment screw 40 to perform threaded transmission with the threaded hole on the top of the left vertical plate of the horizontal transverse position adjustment nut slide 41, driving the horizontal transverse position adjustment nut slide 41 to adjust its position along the horizontal transverse guide rail 42 and the horizontal transverse guide rod 44 until the static load pressure head 2 moves to just above the static load test point;

[0059] Step 8: Start the vertical height position adjustment motor 31, drive the active pulley 32 to engage with the synchronous belt 37 for transmission, drive the first driven pulley 33 and the second driven pulley 34 to rotate synchronously, and then drive the two vertical height position adjustment screws 28 to rotate synchronously, so that the vertical height position adjustment screw 28 and the vertical height position adjustment nut 29 are threadedly transmitted. The rotational motion of the vertical height position adjustment screw 28 will be synchronously converted into a vertical lifting motion, so that the crossbeam 30, the horizontal transverse position adjustment nut slide 41 and the static load pressure head 2 are synchronously lowered until the static load pressure head 2 contacts the physical model;

[0060] Step 9: First, symmetrically and obliquely arrange the stabilizing cables 45 between the bottom of the crossbeam 30 and the dynamic load support base plate 3, and then symmetrically and obliquely arrange the stabilizing cables 45 between the top of the column 27 and the model support plate 9. During the arrangement of the stabilizing cables 45, the cables are tightened by adjusting the basket screws 46.

[0061] Step 10: Start the double dynamic load cylinder 5, extend the piston rod of the double dynamic load cylinder 5 until the piston rod of the double dynamic load cylinder 5 contacts the dynamic load transmission frame 10, and then fix the piston rod of the double dynamic load cylinder 5 and the dynamic load transmission frame 10 together;

[0062] Step 11: Start the static load head 2, apply a static load to the static load test point of the physical model through the static load head 2, and simultaneously record data from the displacement sensor, strain gauge, and acoustic emission probe;

[0063] Step 12: Start the dual dynamic load cylinder 5 and apply disturbance to the physical model through the dynamic load transmission frame 10 and the model support plate 9 to achieve coupled loading of horizontal dynamic load and vertical static load, while recording the data of the displacement sensor, strain gauge and acoustic emission probe;

[0064] Step 13: Summarize and analyze the experimental data.

[0065] The solutions in the embodiments are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. All equivalent implementations or modifications that do not depart from the scope of protection of the present invention are included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A large-scale physical model simulation experimental device for dangerous rock disasters in karst areas, characterized by: It includes a rigid foundation, a horizontal dynamic load applying assembly, a vertical static load applying assembly and a similar physical model bearing platform assembly; the horizontal dynamic load applying assembly and the similar physical model bearing platform assembly are arranged side by side on the top of the rigid foundation; the vertical static load applying assembly includes a horizontal longitudinal position adjustment mechanism, a vertical height position adjustment mechanism, a horizontal lateral position adjustment mechanism and a static load pressure head; the horizontal longitudinal position adjustment mechanism is arranged on the top of the rigid foundation, and the horizontal longitudinal position adjustment mechanisms are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the similar physical model bearing platform assembly; the vertical height position adjustment mechanism is arranged on the horizontal longitudinal position adjustment mechanism; the horizontal lateral position adjustment mechanism is arranged on the vertical height position adjustment mechanism; the static load pressure head is arranged on the horizontal lateral position adjustment mechanism; The horizontal dynamic load application assembly includes a dynamic load support base plate, a dynamic load reaction support, a double dynamic load cylinder, an accumulator and a servo valve group; the dynamic load support base plate is horizontally fixedly installed on the upper surface of the rigid foundation; the dynamic load reaction support is fixedly installed on the upper surface of the dynamic load support base plate; the double dynamic load cylinder is horizontally arranged above the dynamic load support base plate, and the rear end of the double dynamic load cylinder is fixedly connected to the dynamic load reaction support; the accumulator is located between the double dynamic load cylinder and the dynamic load reaction support; the servo valve group is arranged on the cylinder body of the double dynamic load cylinder; The similar physical model bearing platform assembly includes a bearing platform support base, a model support plate, a dynamic load transmission frame, a model protective enclosure, a dynamic load guide rail and a dynamic load slider; the bearing platform support base is horizontally fixedly installed on the upper surface of the rigid foundation; there are several dynamic load guide rails, and several dynamic load guide rails are arranged in parallel on the upper surface of the bearing platform support base at equal intervals, and the dynamic load guide rails are distributed in parallel with the double dynamic load cylinder; the dynamic load slider is arranged on the dynamic load guide rail, and each dynamic load guide rail is provided with several dynamic load sliders, and the several dynamic load sliders on each dynamic load guide rail are distributed in a straight line at equal intervals; the model support plate is horizontally arranged above the bearing platform support base, and the lower surface of the model support plate is fixedly connected to the dynamic load slider; the model protective enclosure is fixedly installed on the edge of the upper surface of the model support plate; the dynamic load transmission frame is located between the model support plate and the double dynamic load cylinder, the dynamic load transmission frame is fixedly connected to the model support plate, and the dynamic load transmission frame is directly opposite to the piston rod of the double dynamic load cylinder.

2. The large-scale physical model simulation experimental device for dangerous rock disasters in karst areas according to claim 1 is characterized by: The horizontal and longitudinal position adjustment mechanism includes an adjustment mechanism support base, an adjustment mechanism support plate, a horizontal longitudinal guide rail, a horizontal longitudinal slider, a horizontal longitudinal slide, a horizontal and longitudinal position adjustment motor, a horizontal and longitudinal position adjustment extension bracket, a horizontal and longitudinal position adjustment gear and a horizontal and longitudinal position adjustment rack; the adjustment mechanism support base is horizontally fixedly mounted on the upper surface of the rigid foundation; the adjustment mechanism support plate is horizontally fixedly mounted on the upper surface of the adjustment mechanism support base; the horizontal longitudinal guide rail is fixedly mounted on the adjustment mechanism support plate, and the horizontal longitudinal guide rail is parallel to the dynamic load guide rail; the horizontal longitudinal slider is mounted on the horizontal longitudinal guide rail; the horizontal longitudinal slide is mounted on the horizontal longitudinal slider; the horizontal and longitudinal position adjustment extension bracket is fixedly connected to the horizontal longitudinal slide; the horizontal and longitudinal position adjustment motor is vertically fixed on the horizontal and longitudinal position adjustment extension bracket, and the power output shaft of the horizontal and longitudinal position adjustment motor faces downward; the horizontal and longitudinal position adjustment gear is fixedly mounted on the power output shaft of the horizontal and longitudinal position adjustment motor; the horizontal and longitudinal position adjustment rack is fixedly mounted on the adjustment mechanism support plate, the horizontal and longitudinal position adjustment rack is parallel to the horizontal longitudinal guide rail, and the horizontal and longitudinal position adjustment rack is meshed with the horizontal and longitudinal position adjustment gear.

3. The large-scale physical model simulation experimental device for dangerous rock disasters in karst areas according to claim 2 is characterized by: The cross-sectional shape of the horizontal longitudinal slide is I-shaped; the cross-sectional shape of the load-bearing platform support base is U-shaped; a give-way guide slot is provided on the adjustment mechanism support plate; the vertical plate of the horizontal longitudinal slide is installed in the give-way guide slot, the upper cross plate of the horizontal longitudinal slide is located above the adjustment mechanism support plate, and the lower cross plate of the horizontal longitudinal slide is located below the adjustment mechanism support plate and placed in the U-shaped groove of the load-bearing platform support base; there are four horizontal longitudinal guide rails, and two horizontal longitudinal guide rails are provided on the upper and lower surfaces of the adjustment mechanism support plates on both sides of the give-way guide slot, and each horizontal longitudinal guide rail is provided with two horizontal longitudinal sliding blocks.

4. The large-scale physical model simulation experimental device for dangerous rock disasters in karst areas according to claim 3 is characterized by: The vertical height position adjustment mechanism includes a column, a vertical height position adjustment screw, a vertical height position adjustment nut, a crossbeam, a vertical height position adjustment motor, a driving pulley, a first driven pulley, a second driven pulley, a first tensioning pulley, a second tensioning pulley, a synchronous belt and a vertical height position adjustment extension bracket; the number of the columns is two, and the two columns are respectively vertically fixed on the horizontal longitudinal slides on both sides of the similar physical model bearing platform assembly, and a vertical height position adjustment nut is vertically installed on the top of each column, and a vertical height position adjustment screw is vertically installed in each vertical height position adjustment nut; the crossbeam is horizontally arranged and located directly above the two columns, and the two ends of the crossbeam are respectively connected to the upper ends of the two vertical height position adjustment screws, The vertical height position adjusting screw and the crossbeam are rotatably connected through a bearing; the first driven pulley and the second driven pulley are respectively fixedly mounted on the top ends of the two vertical height position adjusting screws; the vertical height position adjusting extension bracket is fixedly mounted in the middle of the crossbeam; the vertical height position adjusting motor is vertically fixed on the vertical height position adjusting extension bracket, and the power output shaft of the vertical height position adjusting motor faces downward; the driving pulley is fixedly mounted on the power output shaft of the vertical height position adjusting motor; the first tensioning pulley and the second tensioning pulley are symmetrically distributed on the crossbeam on both sides of the vertical height position adjusting motor; the driving pulley, the first tensioning pulley, the first driven pulley, the second driven pulley and the second tensioning pulley are connected through a synchronous belt transmission.

5. The large-scale physical model simulation experimental device for dangerous rock disasters in karst areas according to claim 4 is characterized by: The horizontal and transverse position adjustment mechanism includes a horizontal and transverse position adjustment motor, a horizontal and transverse position adjustment screw rod, a horizontal and transverse position adjustment nut slide, a horizontal and transverse guide rail, a horizontal and transverse slider and a horizontal and transverse guide light rod; the horizontal and transverse position adjustment motor is fixedly installed at the end of the horizontal beam, the power output shaft of the horizontal and transverse position adjustment motor is coaxially fixedly connected with one end of the horizontal and transverse position adjustment screw rod, and the other end of the horizontal and transverse position adjustment screw rod is rotatably connected to the horizontal beam through a bearing, and the horizontal and transverse position adjustment screw rod is vertically distributed to the horizontal longitudinal guide rail; the horizontal and transverse guide light rod is fixedly installed on the horizontal beam on the opposite side of the horizontal and transverse position adjustment screw rod, and the horizontal and transverse guide light rod is parallel to the horizontal and transverse position adjustment screw rod; the cross-sectional shape of the horizontal and transverse position adjustment nut slide is U-shaped, A threaded hole is built into the top of the left vertical plate of the horizontal and transverse position adjustment nut slide, and the horizontal and transverse position adjustment screw rod is installed in the threaded hole at the top of the left vertical plate of the horizontal and transverse position adjustment nut slide; a light hole is built into the top of the right vertical plate of the horizontal and transverse position adjustment nut slide, and the horizontal and transverse guide light rod is installed in the light hole at the top of the right vertical plate of the horizontal and transverse position adjustment nut slide; the horizontal and transverse guide rail is fixedly installed at the bottom of the beam, and the horizontal and transverse guide rail is distributed parallel to the horizontal and transverse position adjustment screw rod and the horizontal and transverse guide light rod; the horizontal and transverse slider is arranged on the horizontal and transverse guide rail, and the horizontal and transverse slider is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the bottom transverse plate of the horizontal and transverse position adjustment nut slide; the static load pressure head is vertically installed in the middle of the lower surface of the bottom transverse plate of the horizontal and transverse position adjustment nut slide.

6. The large-scale physical model simulation experimental device for dangerous rock disasters in karst areas according to claim 5, characterized in that: Stabilizing steel cables are symmetrically and obliquely arranged between the top of the column and the model support plate, and between the bottom of the beam and the dynamic load support base plate, and a basket screw is installed in the middle of each stabilizing steel cable.

7. A large-scale physical model simulation experiment method for dangerous rock disasters in karst areas, using the large-scale physical model simulation experiment device for dangerous rock disasters in karst areas according to claim 6, characterized in that: The steps include: Step 1: A large-scale physical model of dangerous rock disasters in the karst area is made in situ on the model support plate. During the process of making the large-scale physical model of dangerous rock disasters in the karst area, the size, position and number of dangerous rock bodies are set on the physical model according to experimental needs, and the displacement sensor, strain gauge and acoustic emission probe are installed at the same time; Step 2: After the large-scale physical model of dangerous rock disasters in the karst area is completed, the model protection fence is installed around the physical model; Step 3: Select static load heads of different types and functions as backup according to experimental needs; Step 4: Select one of the several spare static load pressure heads and install the selected static load pressure head on the middle part of the lower surface of the bottom horizontal plate of the horizontal lateral position adjustment nut slide; Step 5: Select a dangerous rock mass on the physical model as the static load test point; Step 6: Start the horizontal longitudinal position adjustment motor to drive the horizontal longitudinal position adjustment gear to engage with the horizontal longitudinal position adjustment rack, drive the horizontal longitudinal slide to adjust the position along the horizontal longitudinal guide rail, and make the column, beam, horizontal transverse position adjustment nut slide and static load pressure head move synchronously with the horizontal longitudinal slide until the beam moves to the top of the static load test point; Step 7: Start the horizontal lateral position adjustment motor to drive the horizontal lateral position adjustment screw and the threaded hole on the top of the left vertical plate of the horizontal lateral position adjustment nut slide to perform threaded transmission, and drive the horizontal lateral position adjustment nut slide to adjust its position along the horizontal lateral guide rail and the horizontal lateral guide rod until the static load pressure head moves to the top of the static load test point; Step 8: Start the vertical height position adjustment motor to drive the active pulley to engage with the synchronous belt for transmission, drive the first driven pulley and the second driven pulley to rotate synchronously, and then drive the two vertical height position adjustment screws to rotate synchronously, so that the vertical height position adjustment screw and the vertical height position adjustment nut are threaded, and the rotational motion of the vertical height position adjustment screw is synchronously converted into vertical lifting motion, so that the crossbeam, the horizontal transverse position adjustment nut slide and the static load pressure head are synchronously lowered until the static load pressure head contacts the physical model; Step 9: First, complete the symmetrical diagonal layout of the stabilizing cables between the bottom of the beam and the dynamic load support base plate, and then complete the symmetrical diagonal layout of the stabilizing cables between the top of the column and the model support plate. During the layout of the stabilizing cables, adjust the basket screws to tighten the cables. Step 10: Start the double dynamic load cylinder and extend the piston rod of the double dynamic load cylinder until the piston rod of the double dynamic load cylinder contacts the dynamic load transmission frame, and then fix the piston rod of the double dynamic load cylinder and the dynamic load transmission frame together; Step 11: Start the static load head and apply a static load to the static load test point of the physical model through the static load head, while recording the data of the displacement sensor, strain gauge and acoustic emission probe; Step 12: Start the dual dynamic load cylinders and apply disturbances to the physical model through the dynamic load transmission frame and the model support plate to achieve coupled loading of horizontal dynamic loads and vertical static loads. Simultaneously, record the data from the displacement sensor, strain gauge, and acoustic emission probe. Step 13: Summarize and analyze the experimental data.

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