TVS tube state monitoring circuit and protection circuit of EFUSE circuit

Abstract

The invention discloses a TVS tube state monitoring circuit and a protection circuit of an EFUSE circuit, and relates to the technical field of electronic fuses, and the protection circuit comprises a fuse, a first switching circuit, a second switching circuit, a short circuit detection circuit, an open circuit detection circuit and a control module. And the control module judges whether the TVS tube is open-circuited or short-circuited according to feedback signals of the short-circuit detection circuit and the switch detection circuit, so that the state of the TVS tube is monitored in real time.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the technical field of electronic fuses, and particularly to a protection circuit for a TVS tube status monitoring circuit and an EFUSE circuit. Background Art

[0002] With the iterative upgrade of server technology, its hardware performance has increased exponentially, and at the same time, the requirements for system reliability have become increasingly stringent. In the server power supply system, an electronic fuse (EFUSE) has been widely used as a key protection component, and its operating stability is directly related to the reliability of the entire power supply system. When the system encounters abnormal conditions such as hot plugging, output overcurrent protection, or output short-circuit protection, the circuit voltage will instantaneously generate a surge pulse. At this time, a transient voltage suppression diode (TVS tube) needs to be configured to clamp and suppress the surge voltage to prevent various precision components in the circuit from being damaged by the transient high voltage.

[0003] However, there is a monitoring blind spot in the current system. When the TVS tube has an open-circuit fault, the system cannot perceive its failure state in real time, and the surge voltage suppression function will immediately fail, which is likely to cause damage to the EFUSE module due to overvoltage impact; if the TVS tube has a short-circuit fault, the system will not be able to work properly due to an abnormal power supply circuit, and in extreme cases, there is even a risk of burning the board. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This application provides a protection circuit for a TVS tube status monitoring circuit and an EFUSE circuit to at least solve the problem of how to monitor the status of a TVS tube in related technologies.

[0005] This application provides a TVS tube status monitoring circuit, including: a fuse, a first switch circuit, a second switch circuit, a short-circuit detection circuit, an open-circuit detection circuit, and a control module. Among them, for the fuse, its first end is connected to the power supply end of the device to be protected; for the first switch circuit, its first end is connected to the second end of the fuse, its second end is connected to the cathode of the TVS tube, its third end is connected to the anode of the TVS tube, and its control end is connected to the control module; for the second switch circuit, its first end is connected to the power supply end of the device to be protected, its second end is connected to the anode of the TVS tube, and its fourth end is connected to the control module; for the short-circuit detection circuit, its first end is connected to the second end of the fuse, and its third end is connected to the control module; for the open-circuit detection circuit, its first end is connected to the cathode of the TVS tube and the control module, and its second end is grounded after being connected to the fourth end of the first switch circuit, the third end of the second switch circuit, and the second end of the short-circuit detection circuit.

[0006] The present application also provides a protection circuit for an EFUSE circuit, comprising: a TVS tube status monitoring circuit and a TVS tube. The TVS tube status monitoring circuit includes: a fuse, a first switching circuit, a second switching circuit, a short-circuit detection circuit, an open-circuit detection circuit and a control module. Among them, for the fuse, its first end is connected to the power supply terminal of the EFUSE circuit; for the first switching circuit, its first end is connected to the second end of the fuse, its second end is connected to the cathode of the TVS tube, its third end is connected to the anode of the TVS tube, and its control end is connected to the control module; for the second switching circuit, its first end is connected to the power supply terminal of the device to be protected, its second end is connected to the anode of the TVS tube, and its fourth end is connected to the control module; for the short-circuit detection circuit, its first end is connected to the second end of the fuse, and its third end is connected to the control module; for the open-circuit detection circuit, its first end is connected to the cathode of the TVS tube and the control module, and its second end is grounded after being connected to the fourth end of the first switching circuit, the third end of the second switching circuit, and the second end of the short-circuit detection circuit.

[0007] The present application provides a protection circuit for an EFUSE circuit, comprising: a plurality of TVS tubes and a plurality of TVS tube status monitoring circuits. Each TVS tube is redundant with each other, and each TVS tube is configured with a TVS tube status monitoring circuit. The TVS tube status monitoring circuit includes: a fuse, a first switching circuit, a second switching circuit, a short-circuit detection circuit, an open-circuit detection circuit and a control module. Among them, for the fuse, its first end is connected to the power supply terminal of the EFUSE circuit; for the first switching circuit, its first end is connected to the second end of the fuse, its second end is connected to the cathode of the TVS tube, its third end is connected to the anode of the TVS tube, and its control end is connected to the control module; for the second switching circuit, its first end is connected to the power supply terminal of the device to be protected, its second end is connected to the anode of the TVS tube, and its fourth end is connected to the control module; for the short-circuit detection circuit, its first end is connected to the second end of the fuse, and its third end is connected to the control module; for the open-circuit detection circuit, its first end is connected to the cathode of the TVS tube and the control module, and its second end is grounded after being connected to the fourth end of the first switching circuit, the third end of the second switching circuit, and the second end of the short-circuit detection circuit.

[0008] The present application also provides an EFUSE circuit, including: an EFUSE execution module and a protection circuit of the EFUSE circuit. Among them, for the EFUSE execution module, its enable terminal is connected to the control module; for the fuse, its first end is connected to the power supply terminal of the EFUSE execution module; for the first switch circuit, its first end is connected to the second end of the fuse, its second end is connected to the cathode of the TVS tube, its third end is connected to the anode of the TVS tube, and its control terminal is connected to the control module; for the second switch circuit, its first end is connected to the power supply terminal of the device to be protected, its second end is connected to the anode of the TVS tube, and its fourth end is connected to the control module; for the short-circuit detection circuit, its first end is connected to the second end of the fuse, and its third end is connected to the control module; for the open-circuit detection circuit, its first end is connected to the cathode of the TVS tube and the control module, and its second end is grounded after being connected to the fourth end of the first switch circuit, the third end of the second switch circuit, and the second end of the short-circuit detection circuit.

[0009] The present application also provides a method for monitoring the state of a TVS tube. The monitoring method is applied to the control module of the TVS tube state monitoring circuit. The method includes: enabling the device to be protected, controlling the first switch circuit to conduct and the second switch circuit to turn off, detecting the feedback signal of the short-circuit detection circuit at every first time interval, and determining whether the TVS tube is short-circuited; controlling the first switch circuit to turn off and the second switch circuit to conduct at every second time interval, and determining whether the TVS tube is open-circuited according to the feedback signal of the short-circuit detection circuit.

[0010] The present application also provides a protection method for an EFUSE circuit. The protection method is applied to the protection circuit of the EFUSE circuit. The method includes: using the TVS tube state monitoring method described in the above embodiments to determine whether the TVS is short-circuited or open-circuited; if it is determined that the TVS is short-circuited or open-circuited, controlling the first switch circuit to turn off.

[0011] The present application also provides a protection method for an EFUSE circuit. The protection method is applied to the protection circuit of the EFUSE circuit. The method includes: using the TVS tube state monitoring method described in the above embodiments to determine whether the currently executing protection mechanism TVS is short-circuited or open-circuited; if it is determined that the currently executing protection mechanism TVS is short-circuited or open-circuited, controlling the first switch circuit to turn off; controlling the first switch circuit of the state monitoring circuit of any other redundant TVS tube to conduct.

[0012] The present application also provides an electronic device, including: a memory for storing a computer program; a processor for implementing the steps of any of the above TVS tube state monitoring methods and the protection method of the EFUSE circuit claimed when executing the computer program.

[0013] The present application also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, wherein when the computer program is executed by a processor, the steps of implementing any of the above TVS tube state monitoring methods and the protection method of the claimed EFUSE circuit are realized.

[0014] The present application also provides a computer program product including a computer program, wherein when the computer program is executed by a processor, the steps of implementing any of the above TVS tube state monitoring methods and the protection method of the claimed EFUSE circuit are realized.

[0015] Through the present application, a first switch circuit and a second switch circuit are provided. Meanwhile, by controlling the on / off states of the first switch circuit and the second switch circuit, the control module determines whether the TVS tube is open or short-circuited according to the feedback signals of the short-circuit detection circuit and the switch detection circuit, thereby monitoring the state of the TVS tube in real time.

[0016] Through the present application, a first switch circuit and a second switch circuit are provided. Meanwhile, by controlling the on / off states of the first switch circuit and the second switch circuit, the control module determines whether the TVS tube is open or short-circuited according to the feedback signals of the short-circuit detection circuit and the switch detection circuit. When the TVS tube fails, the control module turns off the first switch circuit to cut out the TVS tube, avoiding damage to the device to be protected due to the failure of the TVS tube.

[0017] Through the present application, multiple redundant TVS tubes and their state monitoring circuits are provided for the EFUSE circuit. After the control module determines that the TVS tube is open or short-circuited according to the feedback signals of the short-circuit detection circuit and the switch detection circuit, the failed TVS tube is timely cut out, and any one of the redundant TVS tubes is put into use, thereby avoiding damage to the device to be protected due to the failure of the TVS tube and protecting the device to be protected again in a timely manner. Description of the Drawings

[0018] To illustrate the embodiments of the present application more clearly, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required in the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative efforts.

[0019] Figure 1 It is the circuit structure diagram of the protection circuit of the EFUSE circuit in the related art; Figure 2 It is the composition diagram of a TVS tube state monitoring circuit provided by the embodiment of the present application; Figure 3 It is the composition diagram of another TVS tube state monitoring circuit provided by the embodiment of the present application; Figure 4Circuit structure diagram of the TVS tube status monitoring circuit provided by the embodiment of the present application; Figure 5 Circuit structure diagram of another TVS tube status monitoring circuit provided by the embodiment of the present application; Figure 6 Flowchart of the TVS tube status monitoring method provided by the embodiment of the present application; Figure 7 Composition diagram example of the protection circuit of the EFUSE circuit provided by the embodiment of the present application; Figure 8 Flowchart of the protection method of the EFUSE circuit provided by the embodiment of the present application; Figure 9 Composition diagram of the electronic device provided by the embodiment of the present application.

[0020] Reference numerals: FU1 - fuse; 1 - first switch circuit; 2 - second switch circuit; 3 - short - circuit detection circuit; 4 - open - circuit detection circuit; 5 - control module; 11 - first switch sub - circuit; 12 - second switch sub - circuit; D1 - TVS tube; N1 - first NMOS transistor; N2 - second NMOS transistor; N3 - third NMOS transistor; P1 - first PMOS transistor; P2 - second PMOS transistor; R1 - first resistor; R2 - second resistor. Detailed implementation manners

[0021] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present application.

[0022] It should be noted that in the description of the present application, the terms "include", "comprise" or any other variant thereof are intended to cover non - exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device including a series of elements not only includes those elements, but also includes other elements not expressly listed, or further includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device. The terms "first", "second", etc. in the present application are used to distinguish similar objects, rather than to describe a specific order or sequence.

[0023] In order to enable those skilled in the art of the present technology to better understand the solution of the present application, the present application will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific implementation manners.

[0024] As Figure 1As shown, the related technical solution is to add a TVS diode D1 to the input terminal VIN of the EFUSE (PU11). When there is hot plugging, output overcurrent protection (OCP), or output short circuit protection (SCP), and when there is a surge pulse voltage instantaneously in the voltage of the protected circuit P12V_STBY, the TVS diode D1 can quickly break down in a Zener manner, changing from a high-resistance state to a low-resistance state, shunting and clamping the surge voltage, thereby protecting each component in the circuit from being damaged by the instantaneous surge pulse voltage.

[0025] Based on this, an embodiment of the present application provides a TVS diode state monitoring circuit, as Figure 2 shown, including: a fuse FU1, a first switch circuit 1, a second switch circuit 2, a short circuit detection circuit 3, an open circuit detection circuit 4, and a control module 5.

[0026] As Figure 2 shown, for the fuse FU1, its first end is connected to the power supply terminal of the device to be protected; optionally, the device to be protected can be an EFUSE circuit.

[0027] Specifically, through its own fusing mechanism, when an abnormal situation such as overload or short circuit occurs in the TVS diode D1, resulting in the current exceeding its rated value, the fuse element inside the fuse FU1 will melt due to heat, thereby cutting off the circuit and preventing excessive current from damaging the subsequent device to be protected, ensuring the safe operation of the device.

[0028] As Figure 2 shown, for the first switch circuit 1, its first end is connected to the second end of the fuse FU1, its second end is connected to the cathode of the TVS diode D1, its third end is connected to the anode of the TVS diode D1, its fourth end is grounded, and its control end is connected to the control module 5. For the second switch circuit 2, its first end is connected to the power supply terminal of the device to be protected, its second end is connected to the anode of the TVS diode D1, its third end is grounded, and its fourth end is connected to the control module 5.

[0029] Specifically, the first switch circuit 1 is actually a short circuit monitoring and control circuit, and the second switch circuit 2 is actually an open circuit monitoring and control circuit. That is, when the TVS diode D1 normally realizes the surge suppression function, the first switch circuit 1 is turned on and the second switch circuit 2 is turned off, thereby connecting the cathode of the TVS diode D1 to the power supply terminal of the device to be protected through the fuse FU1, and the control module 5 detects whether the TVS diode D1 is short-circuited in real time through the feedback signal of the short circuit detection circuit 3.

[0030] Specifically, during the normal operation of the TVS diode D1, it is possible to intermittently monitor whether the TVS diode D1 is open. That is, the first switch circuit 1 is turned off and the second switch circuit 2 is turned on, thereby disconnecting the TVS diode D1, and the control module 5 detects whether the TVS diode D1 is open in real time through the feedback signal of the open circuit detection circuit 4.

[0031] As Figure 2 shown, the short - circuit detection circuit 3 has its first end connected to the second end of the fuse FU1, its second end grounded, and its third end connected to the control module 5.

[0032] Specifically, the short - circuit detection circuit 3 is mainly responsible for monitoring whether the TVS diode D1 has a short - circuit fault. Its first end is connected to the second end of the fuse FU1 to obtain the current signal preliminarily processed by the fuse FU1, and this signal contains the working state information of the TVS diode D1 and the subsequent circuit. The second end of the short - circuit detection circuit 3 is grounded to form a reference potential for signal detection. The third end of the short - circuit detection circuit 3 is connected to the control module 5 to feedback the detected signal to the control module 5 in real time. When the TVS diode D1 has a short - circuit, the current in the circuit will change abnormally. The short - circuit detection circuit 3 can sensitively capture this change and transmit the corresponding feedback signal to the control module 5, providing a basis for the control module 5 to judge the short - circuit state of the TVS diode D1.

[0033] As Figure 2 shown, the open - circuit detection circuit 4 has its first end connected to the cathode of the TVS diode D1 and the control module, and its second end grounded.

[0034] It should be noted that the fourth end of the first switch circuit, the third end of the second switch circuit, the second end of the short - circuit detection circuit, and the second end of the open - circuit detection circuit are connected to the same ground terminal. At the same time, "grounding" in the following embodiments and any of their optional implementation manners is connected to the same ground terminal, which will not be elaborated here. For electrical isolation, different ground terminals can also be set as required, which is not limited here.

[0035] Specifically, the main function of the open - circuit detection circuit 4 is to judge whether the TVS diode D1 is in an open - circuit state. Its first end is connected to the cathode of the TVS diode D1 to directly obtain the voltage signal at the cathode of the TVS diode D1, and the change of this signal can reflect the open - circuit situation of the TVS diode D1. The first end is connected to the control module 5 to transmit the detected voltage signal of the cathode of the TVS diode D1 to the control module 5. When the TVS diode D1 has an open - circuit fault, its cathode voltage will change accordingly. The open - circuit detection circuit 4 monitors and analyzes this voltage signal and feeds back the result to the control module 5 so that the control module 5 can make a timely judgment and processing.

[0036] As Figure 2 shown, the control module 5 is used to control the first switch circuit 1 to conduct and the second switch circuit 2 to turn off at every first time interval, and judge whether the TVS diode D1 is short - circuited according to the feedback signal of the short - circuit detection circuit 3; control the first switch circuit 1 to turn off and the second switch circuit 2 to conduct at every second time interval, and judge whether the TVS diode D1 is open - circuited according to the feedback signal of the short - circuit detection circuit 3.

[0037] Specifically, the control module 5, as the core control unit of the entire circuit system, undertakes the important responsibility of coordinating and managing the operation of each part of the circuit. Its working mechanism is as follows: Every first time interval, the control module 5 controls the first switch circuit 1 to conduct and the second switch circuit 2 to turn off. At this time, the current passes through the first switch circuit 1 and flows through the TVS diode D1. The short-circuit detection circuit 3 continuously monitors the current signal in the circuit and transmits the feedback signal to the control module 5. The control module 5 judges whether the TVS diode D1 is short-circuited according to the characteristics of the feedback signal from the short-circuit detection circuit 3. And every second time interval, the control module 5 controls the first switch circuit 1 to turn off and the second switch circuit 2 to conduct. At this time, by detecting the change of the feedback signal of the short-circuit detection circuit 3, the control module 5 can judge whether the TVS diode is open. Through this periodic and phased control and detection method, the control module 5 realizes the comprehensive and accurate monitoring of the working state of the TVS diode, ensuring the stable operation of the entire circuit system.

[0038] Optionally, the first time interval is greater than the second time interval.

[0039] Specifically, compared with the open-circuit fault, the short-circuit fault of the TVS diode D1 often causes more serious and rapid harm to the circuit. Once a short circuit occurs, it may cause a sharp increase in current, which may lead to damage to other components in the circuit and even serious consequences such as fire. Therefore, a relatively long first time interval is required to ensure that the control module 5 can comprehensively and carefully detect the short-circuit state of the TVS diode D1 within sufficient time. During this long time period, the short-circuit detection circuit 3 can continuously monitor the change of the current signal, without missing any subtle abnormal fluctuations, so as to provide accurate and reliable short-circuit judgment basis for the control module 5.

[0040] Although the open-circuit fault of the TVS diode D1 will also affect the normal operation of the circuit, it usually does not cause catastrophic consequences in a short time like a short circuit. The relatively short second time interval is sufficient to meet the detection requirements for the open-circuit state of the TVS diode D1. During the short time interval, by switching the circuit state by the control module 5, the open-circuit detection circuit 4 can timely obtain the change of the cathode voltage signal of the TVS diode D1 and quickly judge whether the TVS diode D1 is in an open-circuit state. This differential setting of long and short time intervals can not only ensure the accurate detection of short-circuit faults, but also take into account the timely response to open-circuit faults. While ensuring the safe and stable operation of the circuit, it realizes the balance between detection efficiency and detection accuracy, effectively improving the reliability and stability of the entire circuit system.

[0041] In some alternative embodiments, as Figure 3 shown, the first switch circuit 1 includes: a first switch sub-circuit 11 and a second switch sub-circuit 12.

[0042] As shown Figure 3 in the figure, the first switching sub - circuit 11 has its first end connected to the second end of the fuse FU1, its second end connected to the cathode of the TVS diode D1, its third end grounded, and its control end connected to the control module 5; the second switching sub - circuit 12 has its first end connected to the anode of the TVS diode D1, its second end grounded, and its control end connected to the control module 5.

[0043] Specifically, the conduction and cutoff of the first switching sub - circuit 11 and the second switching sub - circuit 12 are used to realize the connection or disconnection of the TVS diode D1 to / from the circuit. The input end of the first switching sub - circuit 11 is connected to the second end of the fuse FU1. The fuse FU1, as an over - current protection device, can quickly cut off the circuit in case of abnormal current. The second switching sub - circuit 12 is designed as a grounding path, and its output end is directly connected to the anode of the TVS diode D1. When the system is in normal operation and it is necessary to enable the TVS diode D1 for over - voltage protection, the control module 5 outputs a high - level driving signal to activate the first switching sub - circuit 11 and the second switching sub - circuit 12 respectively. Under the action of the driving signal, the internal channels of the two switching sub - circuits are turned on, forming a complete electrical connection path. At this time, the cathode of the TVS diode D1 is connected to the second end of the fuse FU1 through the conducting first switching sub - circuit 11, and the anode is reliably grounded through the conducting second switching sub - circuit 12, thus connecting the TVS diode D1 completely into the power supply circuit of the device to be protected. This connection method enables the TVS diode D1 to monitor the voltage change on the power supply line in real time. When a transient over - voltage occurs, the TVS diode D1 can quickly change from a high - resistance state to a low - resistance state, discharging the over - voltage energy to the ground and protecting the backend device from voltage impact.

[0044] Specifically, when detecting the short - circuit of the TVS diode D1, the control module 5 outputs a high level to the first switching sub - circuit 11 and the second switching sub - circuit 12. After the first switching sub - circuit 11 and the second switching sub - circuit 12 are both turned on, the TVS diode D1 is connected in series to the power supply circuit of the device to be protected. Under normal circumstances, the TVS diode D1 is in a high - resistance state, and only a very small leakage current passes through. If the TVS diode D1 has a short - circuit fault, its internal PN junction is broken down, showing a very low resistance characteristic, and a large amount of current will pass through the TVS diode D1. At the same time, the fuse FU1 is disconnected, and the short - circuit detection circuit 3 feeds back a signal to the control module 5.

[0045] Optionally, the first switching sub - circuit 11 and the second switching sub - circuit 12 can be composed of controllable switching tube devices such as N - channel MOSFET devices, P - channel MOSFET devices, N - channel IGBT devices, P - channel IGBT devices, etc., and there is no limitation here.

[0046] In some alternative embodiments, as Figure 4As shown, the first switch sub-circuit 11 includes: a first NMOS transistor N1 and a first PMOS transistor P1.

[0047] As Figure 4 shown, for the first NMOS transistor N1, its drain is connected to the gate of the first PMOS transistor P1, its source is grounded, and its gate is connected to the control module 5; for the first PMOS transistor P1, its source is connected to the second terminal of the fuse FU1, and its drain is connected to the cathode of the TVS diode D1; when performing a short-circuit detection on the TVS diode D1, the control module 5 outputs a high level to the first NOS transistor.

[0048] Specifically, the first switch sub-circuit 11 adopts a classic design architecture with complementary NMOS and PMOS transistors. This combination can achieve precise level conversion and switch control while ensuring low on-resistance. The sub-circuit consists of the first NMOS transistor N1 and the first PMOS transistor P1, which work together through a specific connection relationship to provide a reliable path for the short-circuit detection and normal access of the TVS diode D1.

[0049] Specifically, when the system starts the short-circuit detection program for the TVS diode D1, the control module 5 sends a detection instruction to the signal processing unit according to the preset detection logic. After encoding and amplifying the instruction, the signal processing unit outputs a high-level signal with an amplitude to the gate of the first NMOS transistor N1. At this time, the gate-source voltage VGS of the first NMOS transistor N1 exceeds its threshold voltage, causing the first NMOS transistor N1 to conduct rapidly, and its drain voltage is pulled down to near the ground potential. Since the drain of the first NMOS transistor N1 is connected to the gate of the first PMOS transistor P1, this causes the gate-source voltage VGS of the first PMOS transistor P1 to become negative, and the absolute value exceeds the threshold voltage of the first PMOS transistor P1, thus causing the first PMOS transistor P1 to also enter the conduction state.

[0050] After the first PMOS transistor P1 conducts, a low-resistance conductive path is established between the second terminal of the fuse FU1 and the cathode of the TVS diode D1, connecting the TVS diode D1 to the power supply circuit of the device to be protected. At this time, the test current generated by the high-precision constant current source built into the control module 5 can be injected into the TVS diode D1 through this path. Under normal circumstances, the TVS diode D1 is in a high-resistance state, and only a microampere-level leakage current passes through. If the TVS diode D1 is short-circuited, a large amount of current will form a loop through the first PMOS transistor P1 and be captured by the ammeter in the detection circuit. To ensure the safety of the detection process, a fuse FU1 is connected in series on the source line of the first PMOS transistor P1. This resistor can limit the current within a safe range when the TVS diode D1 is short-circuited, avoiding damage to the detection equipment or causing other failures due to excessive current.

[0051] During the entire detection process, the first switch sub-circuit 11 realizes reliable access control of the TVS diode D1 through the complementary conduction of the first NMOS transistor N1 and the first PMOS transistor P1. At the same time, its unique circuit design can effectively resist voltage spikes and electromagnetic interference, ensuring the accuracy and stability of the detection results.

[0052] In some alternative embodiments, the first switch sub-circuit 11 further includes: a first filter circuit, whose first end is connected to the gate of the first NMOS transistor N1 and whose second end is connected to the source of the first NMOS transistor N1; a second filter circuit, whose first end is connected to the first end of the fuse FU1 and whose second end is connected to the gate of the first PMOS transistor P1.

[0053] Specifically, during the actual operation process, these two groups of filter circuits cooperate with each other. The first filter circuit ensures the purity of the gate drive signal of the first NMOS transistor N1, ensuring its fast and stable conduction; the second filter circuit ensures the purity of the gate drive signal of the first PMOS transistor P1. The two work together to effectively reduce the electromagnetic radiation intensity of the switch sub-circuit, making it meet the requirements of relevant electromagnetic compatibility standards. At the same time, it significantly enhances the anti-interference ability of the circuit in a complex electromagnetic environment, providing a stable electrical environment for the reliable access and short-circuit detection of the TVS diode D1.

[0054] In some alternative embodiments, as Figure 4 shown, the first filter circuit is an RC circuit composed of a resistor R4 and a capacitor C4, and the second filter circuit is an RC circuit composed of a resistor R5 and a capacitor C5.

[0055] Specifically, in the first switch sub-circuit 11, the first filter circuit and the second filter circuit adopt a classic RC low-pass filter structure. Through a carefully designed combination of resistor and capacitor parameters, effective suppression of interference signals in a specific frequency band is achieved, ensuring the reliable operation of the switching transistors. Through this carefully designed combination of RC filter circuits, the first switch sub-circuit 11 can still maintain a stable and reliable working state in a complex electromagnetic environment, providing a solid electrical foundation for the precise control and short-circuit detection of the TVS diode D1.

[0056] In some alternative embodiments, as Figure 4 shown, the second switch sub-circuit 12 includes: a second NMOS transistor N2, whose drain is connected to the anode of the TVS diode D1, whose source is grounded, and whose gate is connected to the control module 5; when performing a short-circuit detection on the TVS diode D1, the control module 5 outputs a high level to the second NMOS transistor.

[0057] Specifically, the second switch sub - circuit 12, as an important part of the short - circuit detection and access control of the TVS diode D1, constructs a safe and reliable grounding path with the second NMOS transistor N2 as the core. The circuit design needs to fully consider the large - current carrying capacity, fast switching response, and electromagnetic compatibility requirements to ensure stable operation under various working conditions.

[0058] Specifically, the second NMOS transistor N2 works in cooperation with the first switch sub - circuit 11. During the short - circuit detection of the TVS diode D1, when the control module 5 outputs high - level drive signals to both the first NMOS transistor N1 and the second NMOS transistor N2 simultaneously, the first PMOS transistor P1 and the second NMOS transistor N2 are turned on synchronously, and the TVS diode D1 is completely connected to the detection circuit. At this time, a closed loop is formed through the fuse FU1, the first PMOS transistor P1, the TVS diode D1, and the second NMOS transistor N2. The short - circuit detection circuit 3 can monitor the conduction voltage drop of the TVS diode D1 in real - time. If the voltage drop is lower than the normal threshold, it is determined that the TVS diode D1 has a short - circuit fault.

[0059] Optionally, to prevent the risk of over - current during the detection process, a self - recovering fuse is connected in series on the drain line of the second NMOS transistor N2. When the current exceeds the threshold, the self - recovering fuse quickly enters a high - resistance state, cutting off the detection circuit to protect the detection equipment and the TVS diode D1.

[0060] In some alternative embodiments, the second switch sub - circuit 12 further includes: a third filtering circuit, whose first end is connected to the gate of the second NMOS transistor N2, and whose second end is connected to the source of the second NMOS transistor N2.

[0061] Specifically, among the components of the second switch sub - circuit 12, there is also a third filtering circuit. Specifically, the first end (i.e., the signal input or connection end) of the third filtering circuit is electrically connected to the gate of the second NMOS transistor N2, and this connection point is used to transmit the control signal to regulate the on - off state of the second NMOS transistor N2; the second end of the third filtering circuit is connected to the source of the second NMOS transistor N2, and the source is usually used as a relatively stable potential reference end in the circuit (such as grounding or connecting to the negative pole of the power supply, etc.). The function of the third filtering circuit is to filter the signal transmitted to the gate of the second NMOS transistor N2, which can effectively filter out high - frequency noise, clutter interference, etc. in the signal, avoiding these interference signals from mis - triggering the switching action of the second NMOS transistor N2, ensuring that the second NMOS transistor N2 works stably and reliably according to the expected control logic, and thus improving the electrical performance and anti - interference ability of the entire second switch sub - circuit 12 and even the system where it is located.

[0062] In some alternative embodiments, as Figure 4 shown, the third filtering circuit is an RC circuit composed of a resistor R6 and a capacitor C6.

[0063] Specifically, in the second switching sub-circuit 12, the third filtering circuit adopts a classic RC low-pass filtering structure. Through a carefully designed combination of resistor and capacitor parameters, it effectively suppresses interference signals in a specific frequency band, ensuring the reliable operation of the switching transistor.

[0064] In some alternative embodiments, as Figure 4 shown, the second switching circuit 2 includes: a third NMOS transistor N3 and a second PMOS transistor P2. For the third NMOS transistor N3, its drain is connected to the gate of the second PMOS transistor P2, its source is grounded, and its gate is connected to the control module 5; for the second PMOS transistor P2, its source is connected to the power supply terminal of the device to be protected, and its drain is connected to the anode of the TVS diode D1; when performing an open-circuit detection on the TVS diode D1, the control module 5 outputs a high level to the third NOS transistor.

[0065] Specifically, as Figure 4 shown, the second switching circuit 2, as the core component for implementing the open-circuit detection function of the TVS diode D1 in the entire circuit system, is specifically composed of the third NMOS transistor N3 and the second PMOS transistor P2 working together. The third NMOS transistor N3 plays a key role in signal conduction and control in the circuit. Its drain is connected to the gate of the second PMOS transistor P2, and this connection method enables the third NMOS transistor N3 to effectively control the conduction state of the second PMOS transistor P2; the source is grounded, thus establishing a stable low-potential reference, providing a basis for the potential control of the entire circuit; the gate is closely connected to the control module 5, serving as a "window" for receiving external control instructions, and is used to accurately receive the level signal sent by the control module 5.

[0066] The second PMOS transistor P2 is mainly responsible for establishing and cutting off the current path in the circuit. Its source is connected to the power supply terminal of the device to be protected, which means that the second PMOS transistor P2 can obtain electrical energy from the power supply terminal to provide power support for the subsequent operation of the circuit; the drain is connected to the anode of the TVS diode D1, forming a key current path connecting the power supply terminal and the TVS diode D1, and plays a crucial role in the protection mechanism of the entire circuit.

[0067] Specifically, when the system needs to perform an open-circuit detection on the TVS tube D1, the control module 5 will quickly respond and output a high-level signal to the gate of the third NMOS transistor N3. Since the operating characteristic of an NMOS transistor is that it will conduct when the gate voltage is higher than the source voltage by a certain threshold, at this time, the gate of the third NMOS transistor N3 receives a high-level signal, and the source is grounded to maintain a low level. The voltage difference formed between the two satisfies the conduction condition, and the third NMOS transistor N3 quickly conducts. After the third NMOS transistor N3 conducts, it pulls down the gate potential of the second PMOS transistor P2. Because the conduction condition of a PMOS transistor is that the gate voltage is lower than the source voltage, at this time, the source of the second PMOS transistor P2 is connected to the power supply terminal and is at a high level, and the gate is pulled down, meeting the conduction condition, and the second PMOS transistor P2 also conducts accordingly. The conduction of the second PMOS transistor P2 enables the circuit between the power supply terminal and the TVS tube D1 to be connected, creating a necessary circuit environment for the open-circuit detection of the TVS tube D1. Subsequently, the detection module can accurately determine whether the TVS tube D1 is open based on this path, thereby ensuring the safe and stable operation of the entire circuit system.

[0068] In some alternative embodiments, the second switching circuit 2 further includes: a fourth filtering circuit, whose first end is connected to the gate of the third NMOS transistor N3, and whose second end is connected to the source of the third NMOS transistor N3; a fifth filtering circuit, whose first end is connected to the source of the second PMOS transistor P2, and whose second end is connected to the gate of the second PMOS transistor P2.

[0069] Specifically, the fourth filtering circuit takes "purifying the control signal" as its core function. Its first end is closely connected to the gate of the third NMOS transistor N3, serving as the receiving and processing interface for the control signal. Since the gate is the key node for the third NMOS transistor N3 to respond to external control instructions, it is extremely vulnerable to abnormal signals such as high-frequency noise and electromagnetic interference in the circuit, which may lead to mis-triggering or unstable conduction. The second end of the fourth filtering circuit is connected to the source of the third NMOS transistor N3, using the low-potential reference of the grounded source to build a complete filtering loop. It is usually composed of filtering components such as capacitors and inductors, which can specifically filter out spike pulses and harmonic clutter in the control signal, ensuring that the level signal input to the gate of the third NMOS transistor N3 is pure and stable, avoiding incorrect conduction or cut-off caused by interference, and enabling the third NMOS transistor N3 to always accurately respond to the instructions of the control module 5.

[0070] The fifth filter circuit focuses on stabilizing the operating state of the second PMOS transistor P2. Its first end is connected to the source of the second PMOS transistor P2 to directly obtain the voltage signal from the power supply terminal of the device to be protected. The voltage at the power supply terminal may generate voltage ripples and transient interferences due to factors such as power grid fluctuations and load changes. If these interferences act directly on the second PMOS transistor P2, they may affect its conduction characteristics and even cause gate overvoltage damage. The second end of the fifth filter circuit is connected to the gate of the second PMOS transistor P2. Through the energy storage filtering of the inductor and the bypass function of the capacitor, on the one hand, it suppresses the high-frequency noise in the source voltage, and on the other hand, it adjusts the potential difference between the gate and the source to ensure that the second PMOS transistor P2 conducts and turns off under stable voltage conditions. During the open-circuit detection process of the TVS diode D1, the fifth filter circuit continuously optimizes the operating environment of the second PMOS transistor P2 to ensure the stability of the current path between its drain and the anode of the TVS diode D1, providing a reliable circuit basis for the detection process.

[0071] In some alternative embodiments, such as Figure 4 shown, the fourth filter circuit is an RC circuit composed of a resistor R7 and a capacitor C7, and the fifth filter circuit is an RC circuit composed of a resistor R8 and a capacitor C8. The functions of the two RC circuits are the same as those of the first filter circuit and the second filter circuit, and will not be elaborated here.

[0072] In some alternative embodiments, such as Figure 4 shown, the short-circuit detection circuit 3 includes: a first resistor R1 and a sixth filter circuit. The sixth filter circuit is an RC circuit composed of a resistor R3 and a capacitor C3. Among them, a second resistor R2, its first end is connected to the second end of the fuse FU1, and its second end is connected to the first end of the sixth filter circuit and the control module 5; the second end of the sixth filter circuit is grounded.

[0073] Specifically, the first resistor R1 undertakes the dual functions of signal sampling and current limiting in the circuit. Its first end is connected to the second end of the fuse FU1. The fuse FU1 is the basic device for overcurrent protection of the circuit. When a short-circuit fault occurs in the circuit, a strong short-circuit current will first flow through the fuse FU1. If the current exceeds the rated value of the fuse FU1, the fuse FU1 will blow to cut off the circuit. The first resistor R1 is in series with the fuse FU1 and can collect the voltage signal at the back end of the fuse FU1 in real time, converting the electrical signal change generated by the short-circuit fault into a detectable voltage value. The second end of the first resistor R1 is simultaneously connected to the first end of the sixth filter circuit and the control module 5. On the one hand, it transmits the sampled voltage signal to the sixth filter circuit for processing, and on the other hand, it directly sends the signal to the control module 5 as the basis for preliminary detection. In addition, the first resistor R1 can also limit the current magnitude at the moment of short circuit to prevent excessive current from directly impacting the subsequent circuit components, playing a certain protective role for the control module 5 and the sixth filter circuit.

[0074] In some alternative embodiments, such as Figure 4 shown, the open - circuit detection circuit 4 includes: a second resistor R2, whose first end is connected to the cathode of the TVS diode D1 and the control module, and whose second end is grounded.

[0075] Specifically, during the specific working process, when the TVS diode D1 is normally connected and its protection function is not triggered, the TVS diode D1 presents a high - impedance state. At this time, the voltage signal output from the first end of the second resistor R2 to the control module 5 is within a specific range, and the control module 5 determines that the TVS diode D1 is working normally based on this. If an open - circuit fault occurs in the TVS diode D1, the voltage signal at the first end of the second resistor R2 will change significantly. After receiving the abnormal voltage signal, the control module 5 can quickly and accurately identify the open - circuit state of the TVS diode D1 through a pre - set threshold comparison and logic judgment program, and promptly trigger an alarm or take corresponding protection measures, such as cutting off the relevant power supply circuit, starting a standby protection device, etc., to avoid the protected device losing overvoltage protection due to the open - circuit failure of the TVS diode D1 and being damaged by transient high - voltage impact.

[0076] In some alternative embodiments, such as Figure 5 shown, the control module 5 is a Complex Programmable Logic Device (CPLD) control module, and the CPLD control module is connected to the EFUSE execution module and the BMC control module.

[0077] Specifically, the EFUSE execution module receives the P12V_EN signal transmitted by the CPLD control module and controls the operation of the EFUSE execution module according to this signal. When P12V_EN is at a high level, P12V is normally output and P12V_PG is at a high level. If the EFUSE execution module malfunctions, then P12V_PG becomes a low level. At the same time, the EFUSE execution module transmits the P12V_PG signal to the CPLD control module.

[0078] The CPLD control module realizes the short - circuit and open - circuit detection of the TVS diode D1 by controlling the states of the first switch circuit 1 and the second switch circuit 2. The specific process is as Figure 6 shown, specifically as follows: (1) The TVS diode D1 state monitoring circuit receives the signals CPLD_TVS_CHECK_1, CPLD_TVS_EN_10, and CPLD_TVS_EN_11 transmitted by the CPLD control module and performs corresponding operations according to the states of these signals.

[0079] When CPLD_TVS_CHECK_1 = 0, CPLD_TVS_EN_10 = 1, and CPLD_TVS_EN_11 = 1, MOS transistors N1, N2, and P1 are turned on, and TVS diode D1 starts to work, entering the protection state.

[0080] When CPLD_TVS_CHECK_1 = 1, CPLD_TVS_EN_10 = 0, and output CPLD_TVS_EN_11 = 0, MOS transistors N1, N2, and P1 are not turned on, and TVS diode D1 does not start to work. MOS transistors N3 and P2 are turned on, entering the detection state of whether TVS diode D1 is open, and the status signal CPLD_TVS_STATE_1 is transmitted to the CPLD control module.

[0081] The status signals CPLD_FUSE_STATE_1 and CPLD_TVS_STATE_1 of fuse FU1 and TVS diode D1 are transmitted to the CPLD control module.

[0082] (2) Within time T1, the CPLD control module determines the status of the CPLD_FUSE_STATE_1 signal. If CPLD_FUSE_STATE_1 = 0, then fuse FU1 is blown, TVS diode D1 is short-circuited, and at the same time, the fault information is transmitted to the BMC control module.

[0083] Every T2 time, the CPLD control module needs to detect the status of CPLD_TVS_STATE_1. The CPLD control module outputs CPLD_TVS_EN_10 = 0, output CPLD_TVS_EN_11 = 0, and CPLD_TVS_CHECK_1 = 1. Within time T2, the status of CPLD_TVS_STATE_1 is determined. If CPLD_TVS_STATE_1 = 0, then TVS diode D1 is open, and at the same time, the fault information is transmitted to the BMC control module.

[0084] An embodiment of the present application provides a protection circuit for an EFUSE circuit, as Figure 2 shown, including: a TVS diode status monitoring circuit of one or more embodiments and any optional implementation method thereof, and a TVS diode D1. The TVS diode status monitoring circuit includes: a fuse FU1, a first switch circuit 1, a second switch circuit 2, a short-circuit detection circuit 3, an open-circuit detection circuit 4, and a control module 5, where A fuse FU1, whose first end is connected to the power supply terminal of the EFUSE circuit; A first switch circuit 1, whose first end is connected to the second end of the fuse FU1, whose second end is connected to the cathode of the TVS diode D1, whose third end is connected to the anode of the TVS diode D1, whose fourth end is grounded, and whose control end is connected to the control module 5; The second switch circuit 2, whose first end is connected to the power supply end of the device to be protected, whose second end is connected to the anode of the TVS tube D1, whose third end is grounded, and whose fourth end is connected to the control module 5; The short - circuit detection circuit 3, whose first end is connected to the second end of the fuse FU1, whose second end is grounded, and whose third end is connected to the control module 5; The open - circuit detection circuit 4, whose first end is connected to the cathode of the TVS tube D1 and the control module, and whose second end is grounded; The control module 5, which is used to control the first switch circuit 1 to conduct and the second switch circuit 2 to turn off at the first time interval, and judge whether the TVS tube D1 is short - circuited according to the feedback signal of the short - circuit detection circuit 3; control the first switch circuit 1 to turn off and the second switch circuit 2 to conduct at the second time interval, and judge whether the TVS tube D1 is open - circuited according to the feedback signal of the short - circuit detection circuit 3.

[0085] Specifically, the protection circuit of the EFUSE circuit mainly includes a TVS tube D1 and its state monitoring circuit. The monitoring of the short - circuit and open - circuit states of the TVS tube D1 has been detailed in the above embodiments and any of their optional implementation manners, and the method and principle of the TVS tube D1 normally entering the protection state have also been detailed, so it will not be elaborated here.

[0086] An embodiment of the present application provides a protection circuit for an EFUSE circuit, including: a plurality of TVS tubes D1 and a plurality of TVS tube state monitoring circuits in the above embodiments and any of their optional implementation manners. Each TVS tube D1 is redundant with each other, and each TVS tube D1 is configured with a TVS tube state monitoring circuit. The TVS tube state monitoring circuit includes: a fuse FU1, a first switch circuit 1, a second switch circuit 2, a short - circuit detection circuit 3, an open - circuit detection circuit 4, and a control module 5, where, The fuse FU1, whose first end is connected to the power supply end of the EFUSE circuit; The first switch circuit 1, whose first end is connected to the second end of the fuse FU1, whose second end is connected to the cathode of the TVS tube D1, whose third end is connected to the anode of the TVS tube D1, whose fourth end is grounded, and whose control end is connected to the control module 5; The second switch circuit 2, whose first end is connected to the power supply end of the device to be protected, whose second end is connected to the anode of the TVS tube D1, whose third end is grounded, and whose fourth end is connected to the control module 5; The short - circuit detection circuit 3, whose first end is connected to the second end of the fuse FU1, whose second end is grounded, and whose third end is connected to the control module 5; The open - circuit detection circuit 4, whose first end is connected to the cathode of the TVS tube D1 and the control module, and whose second end is grounded; A control module 5, which is used to control the first switch circuit 1 to conduct and the second switch circuit 2 to turn off every first time interval, and judge whether the TVS tube D1 is short-circuited according to the feedback signal of the short-circuit detection circuit 3; control the first switch circuit 1 to turn off and the second switch circuit 2 to conduct every second time interval, and judge whether the TVS tube D1 is open according to the feedback signal of the short-circuit detection circuit 3.

[0087] In some optional embodiments, it is characterized in that each TVS tube D1 status monitoring circuit shares a control module 5.

[0088] Specifically, taking two protection circuits as an example for the protection circuit of the EFUSE circuit, as Figure 7 shown, each protection circuit is configured with a TVS tube D1 and a TVS tube status monitoring circuit, and each TVS tube status monitoring circuit shares a control module 5. The monitoring of the short-circuit and open-circuit states of the TVS tube D1 has been described in detail in the above embodiments and any of their optional embodiments, and the method and principle for the TVS tube D1 to enter the protection state normally have been described in detail, and will not be repeated here.

[0089] Specifically, the protection circuits are redundant with each other. For example: for the protection circuit #1 that has entered the protection state currently, if it is detected that the TVS tube D1 of this protection circuit is short-circuited or open-circuited, the CPLD control module controls both P1 and N1 of the protection circuit #1 to disconnect, switches the TVS tube D1 of the protection circuit #1, and at the same time controls both P1 and N1 of the protection circuit #2 to conduct, and puts the TVS tube D1 of the protection circuit #2 into use. At this time, the protection circuit #2 enters the protection state.

[0090] An embodiment of the present application provides an EFUSE circuit, including: an EFUSE execution module and the protection circuit of the EFUSE circuit in the above embodiment, wherein, The EFUSE execution module, whose enable end is connected to the control module 5; A fuse FU1, whose first end is connected to the power supply end of the EFUSE execution module; The first switch circuit 1, whose first end is connected to the second end of the fuse FU1, whose second end is connected to the cathode of the TVS tube D1, whose third end is connected to the anode of the TVS tube D1, whose fourth end is grounded, and whose control end is connected to the control module 5; The second switch circuit 2, whose first end is connected to the power supply end of the device to be protected, whose second end is connected to the anode of the TVS tube D1, whose third end is grounded, and whose fourth end is connected to the control module 5; The short-circuit detection circuit 3, whose first end is connected to the second end of the fuse FU1, whose second end is grounded, and whose third end is connected to the control module 5; The open-circuit detection circuit 4, whose first end is connected to the cathode of the TVS tube D1 and the control module, and whose second end is grounded; A control module 5, which is used to control the first switch circuit 1 to conduct and the second switch circuit 2 to turn off at every first time interval, and judge whether the TVS tube D1 is short-circuited according to the feedback signal of the short-circuit detection circuit 3; control the first switch circuit 1 to turn off and the second switch circuit 2 to conduct at every second time interval, and judge whether the TVS tube D1 is open according to the feedback signal of the short-circuit detection circuit 3.

[0091] Specifically, the EFUSE circuit has two forms of composition. One is composed of an EFUSE execution module, a TVS tube D1 and its status monitoring circuit; the other is composed of an EFUSE execution module, at least two TVS tubes D1, and each TVS is configured with a status monitoring circuit. Each status monitoring circuit can be configured with an independent control module 5 or share a control module 5, which is not limited here.

[0092] An embodiment of the present application provides a method for monitoring the status of a TVS tube. The monitoring method is applied to the control module 5 of the TVS tube status monitoring circuit. The method includes: enabling the device to be protected, controlling the first switch circuit 1 to conduct and the second switch circuit 2 to turn off, detecting the feedback signal of the short-circuit detection circuit 3 at every first time interval, and judging whether the TVS tube D1 is short-circuited; controlling the first switch circuit 1 to turn off and the second switch circuit 2 to conduct at every second time interval, and judging whether the TVS tube D1 is open according to the feedback signal of the short-circuit detection circuit 3.

[0093] Specifically, the CPLD control module realizes the short-circuit and open-circuit detection of the TVS tube D1 by controlling the states of the first switch circuit 1 and the second switch circuit 2. The specific process is as Figure 6 shown and will not be elaborated here.

[0094] In some alternative embodiments, the first time interval is longer than the second time interval.

[0095] Specifically, the control module uses a polling control method to realize short-circuit detection and open-circuit detection. Since short-circuit detection requires long-term monitoring of signal changes, while open-circuit detection can capture signal changes when the TVS tube is open, the first time interval is longer than the second time interval.

[0096] Specifically, the control module 5 controls the first switch circuit 1 to conduct and the second switch circuit 2 to turn off. At this time, the TVS tube is connected in series to the front-end supply end of the device to be protected. That is, in this state, the TVS tube normally performs the function of suppressing surge current, and in this state, within the first time interval, every first time interval, the control module 5 judges whether the TVS tube is short-circuited according to the feedback signal of the short-circuit detection circuit 3.

[0097] Specifically, the control module 5 controls the first switch circuit 1 to conduct and the second switch circuit 2 to turn off. At this time, the TVS tube is connected in series to the front-end power supply terminal of the device to be protected. That is, in this state, the TVS tube normally performs the function of suppressing surge current. And in this state, every second time interval, the control module controls the first switch circuit 1 to turn off and the second switch circuit 2 to conduct, and the control module 5 judges whether the TVS tube is open according to the feedback signal of the open-circuit detection circuit 4.

[0098] An embodiment of the present application provides a protection method for an EFUSE circuit. The protection method is applied to a protection circuit of the EFUSE circuit. The method includes: enabling the device to be protected, controlling the first switch circuit 1 to conduct and the second switch circuit 2 to turn off, detecting the feedback signal of the short-circuit detection circuit 3 every first time interval, and judging whether the TVS tube D1 is short-circuited; controlling the first switch circuit 1 to turn off and the second switch circuit 2 to conduct every second time interval, and judging whether the TVS tube D1 is open according to the feedback signal of the short-circuit detection circuit 3; if it is determined that the TVS is short-circuited or open, controlling the first switch circuit 1 to turn off.

[0099] Specifically, for a protection circuit that only has one TVS tube D1 and its status monitoring circuit, when the TVS tube D1 is detected to be short-circuited or open by using the TVS tube status monitoring method of the above embodiment, the first switch circuit 1 is directly controlled to turn off, that is, P1 and N2 are controlled to turn off, so as to cut out the TVS tube D1.

[0100] An embodiment of the present application provides a protection method for an EFUSE circuit, characterized in that the protection method is applied to a protection circuit of the EFUSE circuit. The method includes: enabling the device to be protected, controlling the first switch circuit 1 to conduct and the second switch circuit 2 to turn off, detecting the feedback signal of the short-circuit detection circuit 3 every first time interval, and judging whether the TVS tube D1 is short-circuited; controlling the first switch circuit 1 to turn off and the second switch circuit 2 to conduct every second time interval, and judging whether the TVS tube D1 is open according to the feedback signal of the short-circuit detection circuit 3; if it is determined that the currently executing protection mechanism TVS is short-circuited or open, controlling the first switch circuit 1 to turn off; controlling the first switch circuit 1 of the status monitoring circuit of any other redundant TVS tube D1 to conduct.

[0101] Specifically, when only one TVS diode D1 is inserted each time, the TVS diode status monitoring method of the above embodiment is adopted. When it is detected that the currently inserted TVS diode D1 is short-circuited or open-circuited, the first switch circuit 1 is directly controlled to turn off, that is, P1 and N2 are controlled to turn off, so as to cut out the currently inserted TVS diode D1, and any other normal TVS diode D1 is controlled to be inserted. For the protection circuit #1 that enters the protection state currently, if it is detected that the TVS diode D1 of this protection circuit is short-circuited or open-circuited, the CPLD control module controls P1 and N1 of the protection circuit #1 to be disconnected, switches the TVS diode D1 of the protection circuit #1, and at the same time controls P1 and N1 of the protection circuit #2 to be turned on, inserts the TVS diode D1 of the protection circuit #2, and at this time the protection circuit #2 enters the protection state.

[0102] Exemplarily, taking two protection circuits as an example, as Figure 8 shown, the flow of the specific protection method is as follows: (1) Set the connection relationships of the EFUSE execution module, protection circuit #1, protection circuit #2, CPLD control module, and BMC control module on the system.

[0103] (2) The CPLD control module outputs CPLD_TVS_CHECK_1 = 0, CPLD_TVS_EN_10 = 1, CPLD_TVS_EN_11 = 1, the MOS transistors N1, N2, and P1 are turned on, D1 starts to work, and the protection circuit #1 enters the protection state.

[0104] (3) The CPLD control module outputs P12V_EN = 1, the EFUSE execution module starts to work, outputs P12V, and P12V_PG becomes high level.

[0105] (4) Every T1 time, the CPLD control module detects the state of CPLD_FUSE_STATE_1.

[0106] (5) Within T1 time, if CPLD_FUSE_STATE_1 = 0, the fuse FU1 blows, the TVS diode D1 is short-circuited, and at the same time the CPLD control module transmits the fault information to the BMC control module.

[0107] ① The CPLD control module outputs CPLD_TVS_EN_10 = 0, CPLD_TVS_EN_11 = 0, and cuts out the protection circuit #1.

[0108] ② The CPLD control module outputs CPLD_TVS_EN_20 = 1, CPLD_TVS_EN_21 = 1, and the TVS protection circuit #2 enters the protection state.

[0109] (6) During time T1, if CPLD_FUSE_STATE_1 = 1, fuse F31 is not blown and TVS diode D1 is not short-circuited.

[0110] (7) Every T2 time, the CPLD control module detects the state of CPLD_TVS_STATE_1. The CPLD control module outputs CPLD_TVS_EN_10 = 0, outputs CPLD_TVS_EN_11 = 0, and CPLD_TVS_CHECK_1 = 1.

[0111] (8) During time T2, if CPLD_TVS_STATE_1 = 0, TVS diode D31 is open, and at the same time the CPLD control module transfers the fault information to the BMC control module.

[0112] ① The CPLD control module outputs CPLD_TVS_EN_10 = 0 and CPLD_TVS_EN_11 = 0 to cut out protection circuit #1.

[0113] ② The CPLD control module outputs CPLD_TVS_EN_20 = 1 and CPLD_TVS_EN_21 = 1, and protection circuit #2 enters the protection state.

[0114] (9) During time T2, if CPLD_TVS_STATE_1 = 1, TVS diode D1 is not open.

[0115] (10) The CPLD control module cyclically judges the states of fuse FU1 and TVS diode D1.

[0116] An embodiment of the present application also provides an electronic device, as Figure 9 shown, including a memory 10 and a processor 20. A computer program is stored in the memory 10, and the processor 20 is configured to run the computer program to execute the steps in any of the above TVS diode state monitoring methods and embodiments of the TVS diode state monitoring method.

[0117] An embodiment of the present application also provides a computer-readable storage medium, in which a computer program is stored. The computer program is configured to execute the steps in any of the above TVS diode state monitoring methods and embodiments of the TVS diode state monitoring method when running.

[0118] In an exemplary embodiment, the above computer-readable storage medium may include, but is not limited to: USB flash drive, read-only memory (abbreviated as ROM), random access memory (abbreviated as RAM), mobile hard disk, magnetic disk, or optical disc and other various media that can store computer programs.

[0119] An embodiment of the present application further provides a computer program product. The computer program product includes a computer program, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, it implements the steps in any of the above TVS tube state monitoring methods and embodiments of the TVS tube state monitoring method.

[0120] An embodiment of the present application further provides another computer program product, including a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium. The non-volatile computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, it implements the steps in any of the above TVS tube state monitoring methods and embodiments of the TVS tube state monitoring method.

[0121] Those skilled in the art can further realize that the units and algorithm steps of each example described in combination with the embodiments disclosed in this article can be implemented by electronic hardware, computer software, or a combination of the two. To clearly illustrate the interchangeability of hardware and software, the composition and steps of each example have been generally described according to functions in the above description. Whether these functions are executed in a hardware or software manner depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Skilled professionals can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered to exceed the scope of this application.

[0122] The above has introduced in detail the TVS tube state monitoring circuit and the protection circuit of the EFUSE circuit provided by this application. Specific examples are used in this article to elaborate on the principle and implementation manner of this application. The description of the above embodiments is only used to help understand the method and its core idea of this application. It should be noted that for those of ordinary skill in the art in this technical field, without departing from the principle of this application, several improvements and modifications can still be made to this application, and these improvements and modifications also fall within the protection scope of the claims of this application.

Claims

1. A TVS tube status monitoring circuit, characterized in that, Comprising: A fuse, a first switch circuit, a second switch circuit, a short - circuit detection circuit, an open - circuit detection circuit, and a control module. Among them, The fuse, its first end is connected to the power supply end of the device to be protected; The first switch circuit, its first end is connected to the second end of the fuse, its second end is connected to the cathode of the TVS tube, its third end is connected to the anode of the TVS tube, and its control end is connected to the control module; The second switch circuit, its first end is connected to the power supply end of the device to be protected, its second end is connected to the anode of the TVS tube, and its fourth end is connected to the control module; The short - circuit detection circuit, its first end is connected to the second end of the fuse, and its third end is connected to the control module; The open - circuit detection circuit, its first end is connected to the cathode of the TVS tube and the control module, and its second end is grounded after being connected to the fourth end of the first switch circuit, the third end of the second switch circuit, and the second end of the short - circuit detection circuit.

2. The TVS tube status monitoring circuit according to claim 1, wherein The first switch circuit includes: a first switch sub - circuit and a second switch sub - circuit. Among them, The first switch sub - circuit, its first end is connected to the second end of the fuse, its second end is connected to the cathode of the TVS tube, its third end is grounded, and its control end is connected to the control module; The second switch sub - circuit, its first end is connected to the anode of the TVS tube, its second end is grounded after being connected to the second end of the open - circuit detection circuit, and its control end is connected to the control module.

3. The TVS tube status monitoring circuit according to claim 2, wherein The first switch sub - circuit includes: a first NMOS transistor and a first PMOS transistor. Among them, The first NMOS transistor, its drain is connected to the gate of the first PMOS transistor, its source is grounded after being connected to the second end of the open - circuit detection circuit, and its gate is connected to the control module; The first PMOS transistor, its source is connected to the second end of the fuse, and its drain is connected to the cathode of the TVS tube.

4. The TVS tube status monitoring circuit according to claim 3, wherein, The first switch sub - circuit further includes: The first filter circuit, its first end is connected to the gate of the first NMOS transistor, and its second end is connected to the source of the first NMOS transistor; The second filter circuit, its first end is connected to the first end of the fuse, and its second end is connected to the gate of the first PMOS transistor.

5. The TVS tube status monitoring circuit according to claim 2, characterized in that, The second switch sub - circuit includes: The second NMOS transistor, its drain is connected to the anode of the TVS tube, its source is grounded after being connected to the second end of the open - circuit detection circuit, and its gate is connected to the control module.

6. The TVS tube status monitoring circuit according to claim 5, wherein, The second switch sub - circuit further includes: The third filter circuit, its first end is connected to the gate of the second NMOS transistor, and its second end is connected to the source of the second NMOS transistor.

7. The TVS tube status monitoring circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that The second switch circuit includes: a third NMOS transistor and a second PMOS transistor. Among them, The third NMOS transistor, its drain is connected to the gate of the second PMOS transistor, its source is grounded after being connected to the second end of the open - circuit detection circuit, and its gate is connected to the control module; The second PMOS transistor, its source is connected to the power supply end of the device to be protected, and its drain is connected to the anode of the TVS tube.

8. The TVS tube status monitoring circuit according to claim 7, wherein The second switch circuit further includes: A fourth filter circuit, having its first end connected to the gate of the third NMOS transistor and its second end connected to the source of the third NMOS transistor; A fifth filter circuit, having its first end connected to the source of the second PMOS transistor and its second end connected to the gate of the second PMOS transistor.

9. The TVS tube status monitoring circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The short-circuit detection circuit includes: a first resistor and a sixth filter circuit, wherein, The first resistor, having its first end connected to the second end of the fuse and its second end connected to the first end of the sixth filter circuit and the control module; The sixth filter circuit, having its second end grounded.

10. The TVS tube status monitoring circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The open-circuit detection circuit includes: A second resistor, having its first end connected to the second end of the fuse and the control module, and its second end connected to the second end of the open-circuit detection circuit after connection.

11. A protection circuit for an EFUSE circuit, characterized in that, Including: A TVS tube status monitoring circuit according to any one of claims 1-10 and a TVS tube. The TVS tube status monitoring circuit includes: a fuse, a first switch circuit, a second switch circuit, a short-circuit detection circuit, an open-circuit detection circuit, and a control module, wherein, The fuse, having its first end connected to the power supply terminal of the EFUSE circuit; The first switch circuit, having its first end connected to the second end of the fuse, its second end connected to the cathode of the TVS tube, its third end connected to the anode of the TVS tube, and its control end connected to the control module; The second switch circuit, having its first end connected to the power supply terminal of the device to be protected, its second end connected to the anode of the TVS tube, and its fourth end connected to the control module; The short-circuit detection circuit, having its first end connected to the second end of the fuse and its third end connected to the control module; The open-circuit detection circuit, having its first end connected to the cathode of the TVS tube and the control module, and its second end connected to the fourth end of the first switch circuit, the third end of the second switch circuit, and the second end of the short-circuit detection circuit and then grounded.

12. A protection circuit for an EFUSE circuit, characterized in that, Including: Multiple TVS tubes and multiple TVS tube status monitoring circuits according to any one of claims 1-10. Each TVS tube is redundant with each other, and each TVS tube is configured with a TVS tube status monitoring circuit. The TVS tube status monitoring circuit includes: a fuse, a first switch circuit, a second switch circuit, a short-circuit detection circuit, an open-circuit detection circuit, and a control module, wherein, The fuse, having its first end connected to the power supply terminal of the EFUSE circuit; The first switch circuit, having its first end connected to the second end of the fuse, its second end connected to the cathode of the TVS tube, its third end connected to the anode of the TVS tube, and its control end connected to the control module; The second switch circuit, having its first end connected to the power supply terminal of the device to be protected, its second end connected to the anode of the TVS tube, and its fourth end connected to the control module; The short-circuit detection circuit, having its first end connected to the second end of the fuse and its third end connected to the control module; The open-circuit detection circuit, having its first end connected to the cathode of the TVS tube and the control module, and its second end connected to the fourth end of the first switch circuit, the third end of the second switch circuit, and the second end of the short-circuit detection circuit and then grounded.

13. The protection circuit of the EFUSE circuit according to claim 12, characterized in that, Characterized in that, Each TVS tube status monitoring circuit shares a control module.

14. An EFUSE circuit, characterized in that, It includes: The EFUSE execution module and the protection circuit of the EFUSE circuit described in claim 11, or includes the EFUSE execution module and the protection circuit of the EFUSE circuit described in any one of claims 12-13, wherein, The EFUSE execution module, whose enable terminal is connected to the control module; The fuse, whose first end is connected to the power supply terminal of the EFUSE execution module; The first switch circuit, whose first end is connected to the second end of the fuse, whose second end is connected to the cathode of the TVS tube, whose third end is connected to the anode of the TVS tube, and whose control end is connected to the control module; The second switch circuit, whose first end is connected to the power supply terminal of the device to be protected, whose second end is connected to the anode of the TVS tube, and whose fourth end is connected to the control module; The short-circuit detection circuit, whose first end is connected to the second end of the fuse, and whose third end is connected to the control module; The open-circuit detection circuit, whose first end is connected to the cathode of the TVS tube and the control module, and whose second end is grounded after being connected to the fourth end of the first switch circuit, the third end of the second switch circuit, and the second end of the short-circuit detection circuit.

15. A method for monitoring the state of a TVS tube, characterized in that, The monitoring method is applied to the control module of the TVS tube status monitoring circuit described in any one of claims 1-10. The method includes: Enable the device to be protected, control the first switch circuit to conduct and the second switch circuit to turn off. At every first time interval, detect the feedback signal of the short-circuit detection circuit and determine whether the TVS tube is short-circuited; At every second time interval, control the first switch circuit to turn off and the second switch circuit to conduct, and judge whether the TVS tube is open according to the feedback signal of the short-circuit detection circuit.

16. The TVS tube status monitoring method according to claim 15, characterized in that, The first time interval is greater than the second time interval.

17. A protection method for an EFUSE circuit, characterized in that, The protection method is applied to the protection circuit of the EFUSE circuit described in claim 11. The method includes: Use the TVS tube status monitoring method described in any one of claims 15-16 to judge whether the TVS is short-circuited or open; If it is determined that the TVS is short-circuited or open, control the first switch circuit to turn off.

18. A protection method for an EFUSE circuit, characterized in that, The protection method is applied to the protection circuit of the EFUSE circuit described in any one of claims 12-13. The method includes: Use the TVS tube status monitoring method described in any one of claims 15-16 to judge whether the TVS currently executing the protection mechanism is short-circuited or open; If it is determined that the TVS currently executing the protection mechanism is short-circuited or open, control the first switch circuit to turn off; Control the first switch circuit of the status monitoring circuit of any other redundant TVS tube to conduct.

19. An electronic device, characterized in that, It includes: The memory is used to store computer programs; The processor is used to implement the steps of the TVS tube status monitoring method described in any one of claims 15-16 and the EFUSE circuit protection method described in any one of claims 17 to 18 when executing the computer program.

20. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, A computer program is stored in the computer-readable storage medium, wherein when the computer program is executed by a processor, it implements the steps of the TVS tube status monitoring method according to any one of claims 15-16, and the protection method of the EFUSE circuit according to any one of claims 17 to 18.

21. A computer program product, comprising a computer program, characterized in that, When the computer program is executed by a processor, it implements the steps of the TVS tube status monitoring method according to any one of claims 15-16, and the protection method of the EFUSE circuit according to any one of claims 17 to 18.

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