TVS tube status monitoring circuit, EFUSE circuit protection circuit

Abstract

The present application discloses a TVS tube state monitoring circuit and an EFUSE circuit protection circuit, which relates to the technical field of electronic fuses. The circuit includes a fuse, a first switch circuit, a second switch circuit, a short-circuit detection circuit, an open-circuit detection circuit, and a control module. By controlling the on-off states of the first switch circuit and the second switch circuit, the TVS tube is placed in different detection loops. The control module determines whether the TVS tube is open or short-circuited based on feedback signals from the short-circuit detection circuit and the switch detection circuit, thereby monitoring the state of the TVS tube in real time.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of electronic fuses, and in particular to a TVS tube state monitoring circuit and an EFUSE circuit protection circuit. Background Art

[0002] With the iterative upgrades of server technology, hardware performance has increased exponentially, placing increasing demands on system reliability. Electronic fuses (EFUSEs) have become widely used as key protection components in server power supply systems, and their operational stability is directly related to the reliability of the entire power supply system. When the system encounters abnormal operating conditions such as hot-plugging, output overcurrent protection, or output short-circuit protection, circuit voltages can generate transient surges. Transient voltage suppressors (TVS diodes) are required to clamp and suppress these surges, preventing damage to delicate circuit components caused by transient high voltage breakdown.

[0003] However, the current system has a monitoring blind spot. When the TVS tube fails to open circuit, the system cannot detect its failure state in real time, and the surge voltage suppression function is immediately invalidated, which can easily cause the EFUSE module to be damaged by overvoltage shock. If the TVS tube fails to short circuit, the system will not work normally due to abnormal power supply circuit, and in extreme cases, there is even a risk of burning the board. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present application provides a TVS tube status monitoring circuit and an EFUSE circuit protection circuit to at least solve the problem of how to monitor the status of a TVS tube in the related art.

[0005] The present application provides a TVS tube state monitoring circuit, comprising: a fuse, a first switch circuit, a second switch circuit, a short-circuit detection circuit, an open-circuit detection circuit, and a control module, wherein the fuse has a first end connected to a power supply end of a device to be protected; the first switch circuit has a first end connected to a second end of the fuse, a second end connected to a cathode of a TVS tube, a third end connected to an anode of the TVS tube, and a control end connected to the control module; the second switch circuit has a first end connected to a power supply end of the device to be protected, a second end connected to an anode of the TVS tube, and a fourth end connected to the control module; the short-circuit detection circuit has a first end connected to the second end of the fuse, and a third end connected to the control module; the open-circuit detection circuit has a first end connected to the cathode of the TVS tube and the control module, and a second end connected to the fourth end of the first switch circuit, the third end of the second switch circuit, and the second end of the short-circuit detection circuit, and then grounded.

[0006] The present application also provides a protection circuit for an EFUSE circuit, comprising: a TVS tube state monitoring circuit and a TVS tube, the TVS tube state monitoring circuit comprising: a fuse, a first switch circuit, a second switch circuit, a short-circuit detection circuit, an open-circuit detection circuit, and a control module, wherein the fuse has a first end connected to the power supply end of the EFUSE circuit; the first switch circuit has a first end connected to the second end of the fuse, a second end connected to the cathode of the TVS tube, a third end connected to the anode of the TVS tube, and a control end connected to the control module; the second switch circuit has a first end connected to the power supply end of the device to be protected, a second end connected to the anode of the TVS tube, and a fourth end connected to the control module; the short-circuit detection circuit has a first end connected to the second end of the fuse, and a third end connected to the control module; the open-circuit detection circuit has a first end connected to the cathode of the TVS tube and the control module, and a second end connected to the fourth end of the first switch circuit, the third end of the second switch circuit, and the second end of the short-circuit detection circuit, and then connected to ground.

[0007] The present application provides a protection circuit for an EFUSE circuit, comprising: a plurality of TVS tubes and a plurality of TVS tube state monitoring circuits, wherein each TVS tube is redundant with each other, and each TVS tube is configured with a TVS tube state monitoring circuit, and the TVS tube state monitoring circuit comprises: a fuse, a first switch circuit, a second switch circuit, a short circuit detection circuit, an open circuit detection circuit, and a control module, wherein the fuse has a first end connected to the power supply end of the EFUSE circuit; the first end of the first switch circuit is connected to the second end of the fuse, and the second end thereof is connected to the cathode of the TVS tube; a second switch circuit, a first end of which is connected to the power supply end of the device to be protected, a second end of which is connected to the anode of the TVS tube, and a fourth end of which is connected to the control module; a short-circuit detection circuit, a first end of which is connected to the second end of the fuse, and a third end of which is connected to the control module; an open-circuit detection circuit, a first end of which is connected to the cathode of the TVS tube and the control module, and a second end of which is connected to the fourth end of the first switch circuit, the third end of the second switch circuit, and the second end of the short-circuit detection circuit and then grounded.

[0008] The present application also provides an EFUSE circuit, comprising: an EFUSE execution module and a protection circuit of the EFUSE circuit, wherein the EFUSE execution module, an enable end of which is connected to the control module; a fuse, a first end of which is connected to the power supply end of the EFUSE execution module; a first switch circuit, a first end of which is connected to the second end of the fuse, a second end of which is connected to the cathode of the TVS tube, a third end of which is connected to the anode of the TVS tube, and a control end of which is connected to the control module; a second switch circuit, a first end of which is connected to the power supply end of the device to be protected, a second end of which is connected to the anode of the TVS tube, and a fourth end of which is connected to the control module; a short-circuit detection circuit, a first end of which is connected to the second end of the fuse, and a third end of which is connected to the control module; an open-circuit detection circuit, a first end of which is connected to the cathode of the TVS tube and the control module, and a second end of which is connected to the fourth end of the first switch circuit, the third end of the second switch circuit, and the second end of the short-circuit detection circuit, and then to ground.

[0009] The present application also provides a TVS tube state monitoring method, which is applied to a control module of a TVS tube state monitoring circuit. The method includes: enabling a device to be protected, controlling a first switch circuit to be turned on and a second switch circuit to be turned off, detecting a short-circuit detection circuit feedback signal at a first time interval, and determining whether the TVS tube is short-circuited; controlling the first switch circuit to be turned off and the second switch circuit to be turned on at a second time interval, and determining whether the TVS tube is open based on the short-circuit detection circuit feedback signal.

[0010] The present application also provides an EFUSE circuit protection method, which is applied to the protection circuit of the EFUSE circuit. The method includes: using the TVS tube state monitoring method described in the above embodiment to determine whether the TVS is short-circuited or open-circuited; if the TVS is determined to be short-circuited or open-circuited, controlling the first switch circuit to turn off.

[0011] The present application also provides an EFUSE circuit protection method, which is applied to the protection circuit of the EFUSE circuit. The method includes: using the TVS tube state monitoring method described in the above embodiment to determine whether the TVS currently executing the protection mechanism is short-circuited or open-circuited; if it is determined that the TVS currently executing the protection mechanism is short-circuited or open-circuited, controlling the first switch circuit to be turned off; and controlling the first switch circuit of any other redundant TVS tube state monitoring circuit to be turned on.

[0012] The present application also provides an electronic device, comprising: a memory for storing a computer program; a processor for implementing any of the above-mentioned TVS tube state monitoring methods and the steps of the EFUSE circuit protection method when executing the computer program.

[0013] The present application also provides a computer-readable storage medium, in which a computer program is stored. When the computer program is executed by a processor, any of the above-mentioned TVS tube status monitoring methods and the steps of the EFUSE circuit protection method are implemented.

[0014] The present application also provides a computer program product, including a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, implements any of the above-mentioned TVS tube state monitoring methods and the steps of the EFUSE circuit protection method claimed in claim 1.

[0015] Through the present application, a first switch circuit and a second switch circuit are set, and by controlling the on and off states of the first switch circuit and the second switch circuit, the control module determines whether the TVS tube is open or short-circuited based on the feedback signals of the short-circuit detection circuit and the switch detection circuit, thereby monitoring the state of the TVS tube in real time.

[0016] Through the present application, a first switch circuit and a second switch circuit are provided, and the on / off states of the first switch circuit and the second switch circuit are controlled. The control module determines whether the TVS tube is open or short-circuited based on feedback signals from the short-circuit detection circuit and the switch detection circuit. When the TVS tube fails, the control module controls the first switch circuit to turn off, thereby cutting off the TVS tube, thereby avoiding damage to the equipment to be protected due to the failure of the TVS tube.

[0017] Through the present application, multiple redundant TVS tubes and their status monitoring circuits are provided for the EFUSE circuit. The control module determines whether the TVS tube is open or short-circuited based on the feedback signals of the short-circuit detection circuit and the switch detection circuit. The control module promptly switches out the failed TVS tube and simultaneously switches in any redundant TVS tube. This avoids damage to the equipment to be protected due to TVS tube failure and allows the equipment to be protected to be protected again in a timely manner. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application, the following is a brief introduction to the drawings required for use in the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without any creative work.

[0019] Figure 1 A circuit structure diagram of a protection circuit of an EFUSE circuit in related art;

[0020] Figure 2 A diagram showing the composition of a TVS tube state monitoring circuit provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0021] Figure 3A diagram showing the composition of another TVS tube state monitoring circuit provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0022] Figure 4 A circuit diagram of a TVS tube state monitoring circuit provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0023] Figure 5 A circuit diagram of another TVS tube state monitoring circuit provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0024] Figure 6 Flowchart of the TVS tube status monitoring method provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0025] Figure 7 An example of a composition diagram of a protection circuit of an EFUSE circuit provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0026] Figure 8 A flowchart of a protection method for an EFUSE circuit provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0027] Figure 9 A diagram showing the composition of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0028] Reference numerals:

[0029] FU1-fuse; 1-first switching circuit; 2-second switching circuit; 3-short-circuit detection circuit; 4-open-circuit detection circuit; 5-control module; 11-first switching sub-circuit; 12-second switching sub-circuit; D1-TVS tube; N1-first NMOS tube; N2-second NMOS tube; N3-third NMOS tube; P1-first PMOS tube; P2-second PMOS tube; R1-first resistor; R2-second resistor. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] The following will be combined with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of this application to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application. Obviously, the embodiments described are only part of the embodiments of this application, not all of them. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0031] It should be noted that, in the description of this application, the terms "comprises," "includes," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or device comprising a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or device. The terms "first," "second," etc., in this application are used to distinguish similar objects, and are not used to describe a particular order or sequence.

[0032] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present application, the present application is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific implementation methods.

[0033] like Figure 1 As shown, the related technical solution is to add a TVS diode D1 to the input terminal VIN of the EFUSE (PU11). During hot plugging, output overcurrent protection (OCP), and output short-circuit protection (SCP), when a surge pulse voltage appears on the protected circuit P12V_STBY, TVS diode D1 can quickly break down from a high-resistance state to a low-resistance state, shunting and clamping the surge voltage, thereby protecting various components in the circuit from damage by the instantaneous surge pulse voltage.

[0034] Based on this, the embodiment of the present application provides a TVS tube state monitoring circuit, such as Figure 2 As shown, it includes: a fuse FU1, a first switch circuit 1, a second switch circuit 2, a short circuit detection circuit 3, an open circuit detection circuit 4 and a control module 5.

[0035] like Figure 2 As shown, the first end of the fuse FU1 is connected to the power supply end of the device to be protected; optionally, the device to be protected may be an EFUSE circuit.

[0036] Specifically, through its own fusing mechanism, when the TVS tube D1 encounters abnormal conditions such as overload or short circuit, causing the current to exceed its rated value, the fuse FU1 will melt due to heat, thereby cutting off the circuit and preventing the excessive current from damaging subsequent equipment to be protected, ensuring the safe operation of the equipment.

[0037] like Figure 2 As shown, a first switch circuit 1 has a first end connected to the second end of fuse FU1, a second end connected to the cathode of TVS tube D1, a third end connected to the anode of TVS tube D1, a fourth end connected to ground, and a control end connected to control module 5. A second switch circuit 2 has a first end connected to the power supply terminal of the device to be protected, a second end connected to the anode of TVS tube D1, a third end connected to ground, and a fourth end connected to control module 5.

[0038] Specifically, the first switch circuit 1 is actually a short-circuit monitoring and control circuit, and the second switch circuit 2 is actually an open-circuit monitoring and control circuit. That is, when the TVS tube D1 normally performs the surge suppression function, the first switch circuit 1 is turned on and the second switch circuit 2 is turned off, thereby connecting the cathode of the TVS tube D1 to the power supply end of the device to be protected through the fuse FU1. The control module 5 detects in real time whether the TVS tube D1 is short-circuited through the feedback signal of the short-circuit detection circuit 3.

[0039] Specifically, during normal operation of the TVS diode D1, the TVS diode D1 can be intermittently monitored for open circuits. That is, the first switch circuit 1 is turned off and the second switch circuit 2 is turned on, thereby disconnecting the TVS diode D1. The control module 5 uses the feedback signal from the open circuit detection circuit 4 to detect in real time whether the TVS diode D1 is open.

[0040] like Figure 2 As shown, the short-circuit detection circuit 3 has a first end connected to the second end of the fuse FU1 , a second end grounded, and a third end connected to the control module 5 .

[0041] Specifically, the short-circuit detection circuit 3 is primarily responsible for monitoring whether the TVS diode D1 has a short-circuit fault. Its first end is connected to the second end of the fuse FU1 to obtain a current signal after preliminary processing by the fuse FU1. This signal contains information about the operating status of the TVS diode D1 and subsequent circuits. The second end of the short-circuit detection circuit 3 is grounded, forming a reference potential for signal detection. The third end of the short-circuit detection circuit 3 is connected to the control module 5, which feeds the detected signal back to the control module 5 in real time. When the TVS diode D1 short-circuits, the current in the circuit will experience abnormal changes. The short-circuit detection circuit 3 can keenly capture this change and transmit the corresponding feedback signal to the control module 5, providing a basis for the control module 5 to determine the short-circuit status of the TVS diode D1.

[0042] like Figure 2 As shown, the open circuit detection circuit 4 has a first end connected to the cathode of the TVS tube D1 and the control module, and a second end connected to the ground.

[0043] It should be noted that the fourth terminal of the first switch circuit, the third terminal of the second switch circuit, the second terminal of the short-circuit detection circuit, and the second terminal of the open-circuit detection circuit are connected to the same ground terminal. Furthermore, the "ground" in the following embodiments and any alternative implementations thereof is connected to the same ground terminal, which will not be further described here. To achieve electrical isolation, different ground terminals can be set as needed, which is not limited here.

[0044] Specifically, the main function of the open-circuit detection circuit 4 is to determine whether the TVS diode D1 is in an open-circuit state. Its first terminal is connected to the cathode of the TVS diode D1, directly acquiring the voltage signal at the cathode of the TVS diode D1. Changes in this voltage signal can reflect the open-circuit condition of the TVS diode D1. The first terminal is connected to the control module 5, transmitting the detected cathode voltage signal of the TVS diode D1 to the control module 5. When the TVS diode D1 experiences an open-circuit fault, its cathode voltage changes accordingly. The open-circuit detection circuit 4 monitors and analyzes this voltage signal and feeds the result back to the control module 5, allowing the control module 5 to make a timely judgment and take appropriate action.

[0045] like Figure 2As shown, the control module 5 is used to control the first switch circuit 1 to be turned on and the second switch circuit 2 to be turned off at every first time interval, and to determine whether the TVS tube D1 is short-circuited according to the feedback signal of the short-circuit detection circuit 3; and to control the first switch circuit 1 to be turned off and the second switch circuit 2 to be turned on at every second time interval, and to determine whether the TVS tube D1 is open-circuited according to the feedback signal of the short-circuit detection circuit 3.

[0046] Specifically, the control module 5, as the core control unit of the entire circuit system, bears the important responsibility of coordinating and managing the operation of various circuit components. Its operating mechanism is as follows: At a first time interval, the control module 5 controls the first switch circuit 1 to conduct and the second switch circuit 2 to conduct. During this time, current flows through the first switch circuit 1 and through the TVS diode D1. The short-circuit detection circuit 3 monitors the current signal in the circuit in real time and transmits a feedback signal to the control module 5. The control module 5 determines whether the TVS diode D1 is short-circuited based on the characteristics of the feedback signal from the short-circuit detection circuit 3. At a second time interval, the control module 5 controls the first switch circuit 1 to conduct and the second switch circuit 2 to conduct. At this time, by detecting changes in the feedback signal from the short-circuit detection circuit 3, the control module 5 can determine whether the TVS diode D1 is open-circuited. Through this periodic, staged control and detection method, the control module 5 achieves comprehensive and accurate monitoring of the operating status of the TVS diode, ensuring the stable operation of the entire circuit system.

[0047] Optionally, the first time interval is greater than the second time interval.

[0048] Specifically, a short-circuit failure in TVS diode D1 often causes more severe and rapid damage to the circuit than an open-circuit failure. Once a short circuit occurs, it can cause a sharp increase in current, potentially damaging other components in the circuit or even causing serious consequences such as a fire. Therefore, a relatively long first time interval is required to ensure that control module 5 can fully and carefully detect the short-circuit status of TVS diode D1 within sufficient time. During this long time period, short-circuit detection circuit 3 can continuously monitor changes in the current signal, capturing even the slightest abnormal fluctuation, thereby providing control module 5 with accurate and reliable evidence for short-circuit determination.

[0049] While an open-circuit failure of TVS tube D1 can also affect the normal operation of the circuit, it generally does not cause catastrophic consequences in the short period of time that a short circuit would. The relatively short second time interval is sufficient to detect the open-circuit state of TVS tube D1. Within this short time interval, control module 5 switches the circuit state, allowing open-circuit detection circuit 4 to promptly detect changes in the cathode voltage signal of TVS tube D1 and quickly determine whether TVS tube D1 is in an open-circuit state. This differentiated setting of long and short time intervals ensures both accurate detection of short-circuit faults and timely response to open-circuit faults. This balance between detection efficiency and accuracy is achieved while ensuring safe and stable circuit operation, effectively improving the reliability and stability of the entire circuit system.

[0050] In some optional embodiments, such as Figure 3 As shown, the first switch circuit 1 includes a first switch sub-circuit 11 and a second switch sub-circuit 12 .

[0051] like Figure 3 As shown, the first switch sub-circuit 11 has a first end connected to the second end of the fuse FU1, a second end connected to the cathode of the TVS tube D1, a third end grounded, and a control end connected to the control module 5; the second switch sub-circuit 12 has a first end connected to the anode of the TVS tube D1, a second end grounded, and a control end connected to the control module 5.

[0052] Specifically, the first and second switching subcircuits 11 and 12 are turned on and off to connect or disconnect the TVS diode D1 from the circuit. The input of the first switching subcircuit 11 is connected to the second terminal of the fuse FU1, which acts as an overcurrent protection device and can quickly disconnect the circuit in the event of abnormal current flow. The second switching subcircuit 12 is designed as a ground path, with its output directly connected to the anode of the TVS diode D1. When the system is in normal operation and the TVS diode D1 needs to be activated for overvoltage protection, the control module 5 outputs a high-level drive signal to activate the first and second switching subcircuits 11 and 12, respectively. The drive signal opens the internal channels of the two switching subcircuits, forming a complete electrical connection path. At this point, the cathode of the TVS diode D1 is connected to the second terminal of the fuse FU1 via the conductive first switching subcircuit 11, while the anode is reliably grounded via the conductive second switching subcircuit 12, thereby fully connecting the TVS diode D1 to the power supply circuit of the device to be protected. This connection method enables TVS diode D1 to monitor voltage changes on the power supply line in real time. When a transient overvoltage occurs, TVS diode D1 can quickly change from a high-impedance state to a low-impedance state, discharging the overvoltage energy to the ground and protecting downstream equipment from voltage shocks.

[0053] Specifically, when short-circuiting TVS diode D1, control module 5 outputs a high level to first and second switch subcircuits 11 and 12. Once both are turned on, TVS diode D1 is connected in series to the power supply circuit of the device to be protected. Under normal circumstances, TVS diode D1 is in a high-impedance state, with only minimal leakage current flowing through it. However, if a short-circuit occurs in TVS diode D1, its internal PN junction breaks down, exhibiting an extremely low resistance. A large amount of current flows through TVS diode D1, simultaneously opening fuse FU1 and triggering a feedback signal from short-circuit detection circuit 3 to control module 5.

[0054] Optionally, the first switch sub-circuit 11 and the second switch sub-circuit 12 may be formed by controllable switch tube devices such as N-channel MOSFET devices, P-channel MOSFET devices, N-channel IGBT devices, and P-channel IGBT devices, which are not limited here.

[0055] In some optional embodiments, such as Figure 4 As shown, the first switch sub-circuit 11 includes a first NMOS transistor N1 and a first PMOS transistor P1.

[0056] like Figure 4 As shown, the drain of the first NMOS transistor N1 is connected to the gate of the first PMOS transistor P1, the source of the first NMOS transistor N1 is grounded, and the gate of the first NMOS transistor N1 is connected to the control module 5; the source of the first PMOS transistor P1 is connected to the second end of the fuse FU1, and the drain of the first PMOS transistor P1 is connected to the cathode of the TVS transistor D1; when a short circuit is detected on the TVS transistor D1, the control module 5 outputs a high level to the first NMOS transistor.

[0057] Specifically, the first switch sub-circuit 11 utilizes a classic design architecture combining complementary NMOS and PMOS transistors. This combination ensures low on-resistance while enabling precise level conversion and switching control. This sub-circuit comprises a first NMOS transistor N1 and a first PMOS transistor P1, which work together through a specific connection to provide a reliable path for short-circuit detection and normal connection of the TVS diode D1.

[0058] Specifically, when the system initiates the TVS tube D1 short-circuit detection program, the control module 5 sends a detection instruction to the signal processing unit based on the preset detection logic. The signal processing unit encodes and amplifies the instruction and outputs a high-level signal to the gate of the first NMOS tube N1. At this time, the gate-source voltage VGS of the first NMOS tube N1 exceeds its threshold voltage, causing the first NMOS tube N1 to quickly turn on and its drain voltage to be pulled down to near ground potential. Since the drain of the first NMOS tube N1 is connected to the gate of the first PMOS tube P1, this causes the gate-source voltage VGS of the first PMOS tube P1 to become negative, and the absolute value exceeds the threshold voltage of the first PMOS tube P1, causing the first PMOS tube P1 to also enter the on state.

[0059] After the first PMOS transistor P1 is turned on, a low-resistance conductive path is established between the second end of the fuse FU1 and the cathode of the TVS transistor D1, connecting the TVS transistor D1 to the power supply circuit of the device to be protected. At this point, the test current generated by the high-precision constant current source built into the control module 5 can be injected into the TVS transistor D1 through this path. Under normal circumstances, the TVS transistor D1 is in a high-resistance state, with only microampere-level leakage current passing through it. However, if the TVS transistor D1 short-circuits, a large amount of current will form a loop through the first PMOS transistor P1 and be captured by the ammeter in the detection circuit. To ensure the safety of the detection process, a fuse FU1 is connected in series with the source line of the first PMOS transistor P1. This resistor can limit the current to a safe range when the TVS transistor D1 short-circuits, preventing damage to the detection equipment or other malfunctions caused by excessive current.

[0060] During the entire detection process, the first switch sub-circuit 11 realizes reliable access control of the TVS tube D1 through the complementary conduction of the first NMOS tube N1 and the first PMOS tube P1. At the same time, its unique circuit design can effectively resist voltage spikes and electromagnetic interference, ensuring the accuracy and stability of the detection results.

[0061] In some optional embodiments, the first switch sub-circuit 11 further includes: a first filter circuit, a first end of which is connected to the gate of the first NMOS tube N1, and a second end of which is connected to the source of the first NMOS tube N1; a second filter circuit, a first end of which is connected to the first end of the fuse FU1, and a second end of which is connected to the gate of the first PMOS tube P1.

[0062] Specifically, during actual operation, these two filter circuits work together: the first filter circuit ensures the purity of the gate drive signal for the first NMOS transistor N1, ensuring its rapid and stable conduction; the second filter circuit ensures the purity of the gate drive signal for the first PMOS transistor P1. Working together, these two circuits effectively reduce the electromagnetic radiation intensity of the switching subcircuit, ensuring it meets relevant electromagnetic compatibility standards. They also significantly enhance the circuit's anti-interference capabilities in complex electromagnetic environments, providing a stable electrical environment for reliable connection and short-circuit detection of the TVS transistor D1.

[0063] In some optional embodiments, such as Figure 4 As shown, the first filtering circuit is an RC circuit composed of a resistor R4 and a capacitor C4, and the second filtering circuit is an RC circuit composed of a resistor R5 and a capacitor C5.

[0064] Specifically, in first switch sub-circuit 11, the first and second filter circuits employ a classic RC low-pass filter structure. Through a carefully designed combination of resistor and capacitor parameters, they effectively suppress interference signals in specific frequency bands, ensuring reliable operation of the switch. This meticulously designed RC filter circuit combination enables first switch sub-circuit 11 to maintain stable and reliable operation even in complex electromagnetic environments, providing a solid electrical foundation for precise control and short-circuit detection of TVS diode D1.

[0065] In some optional embodiments, such as Figure 4 As shown, the second switch sub-circuit 12 includes: a second NMOS transistor N2, whose drain is connected to the anode of the TVS transistor D1, its source is grounded, and its gate is connected to the control module 5; when a short circuit detection is performed on the TVS transistor D1, the control module 5 outputs a high level to the second NMOS transistor.

[0066] Specifically, the second switching subcircuit 12, a key component of TVS diode D1 short-circuit detection and access control, establishes a safe and reliable grounding path with the second NMOS transistor N2 as its core. This circuit design must fully consider high-current carrying capacity, fast switching response, and electromagnetic compatibility requirements to ensure stable operation under various operating conditions.

[0067] Specifically, the second NMOS transistor N2 works in conjunction with the first switch sub-circuit 11. During TVS transistor D1 short-circuit detection, when the control module 5 simultaneously outputs high-level drive signals to the first and second NMOS transistors N1 and N2, the first PMOS transistor P1 and the second NMOS transistor N2 are simultaneously turned on, fully connecting TVS transistor D1 to the detection circuit. At this point, a closed loop is formed through fuse FU1, the first PMOS transistor P1, TVS transistor D1, and the second NMOS transistor N2. The short-circuit detection circuit 3 monitors the on-state voltage drop of TVS transistor D1 in real time. If the voltage drop is below a normal threshold, a short-circuit fault is determined in TVS transistor D1.

[0068] Optionally, to prevent overcurrent risks during the detection process, a resettable fuse is connected in series to the drain line of the second NMOS tube N2. When the current exceeds the threshold, the resettable fuse quickly enters a high-resistance state, cutting off the detection circuit and protecting the detection equipment and TVS tube D1.

[0069] In some optional implementations, the second switch sub-circuit 12 further includes: a third filter circuit, a first end of which is connected to the gate of the second NMOS transistor N2, and a second end of which is connected to the source of the second NMOS transistor N2.

[0070] Specifically, the second switching sub-circuit 12 also includes a third filter circuit. Specifically, a first terminal (i.e., a signal input or connection terminal) of the third filter circuit is electrically connected to the gate of the second NMOS transistor N2. This connection point is used to transmit a control signal to control the on / off state of the second NMOS transistor N2. A second terminal of the third filter circuit is connected to the source of the second NMOS transistor N2, which typically serves as a relatively stable potential reference terminal in the circuit (e.g., ground or the negative terminal of a power supply). The third filter circuit filters the signal transmitted to the gate of the second NMOS transistor N2, effectively removing high-frequency noise and interference from the signal, thereby preventing these interference signals from falsely triggering the switching action of the second NMOS transistor N2. This ensures that the second NMOS transistor N2 operates stably and reliably according to the intended control logic, thereby improving the electrical performance and anti-interference capabilities of the entire second switching sub-circuit 12 and the system to which it belongs.

[0071] In some optional embodiments, such as Figure 4 As shown, the third filtering circuit is an RC circuit composed of a resistor R6 and a capacitor C6.

[0072] Specifically, in the second switch sub-circuit 12, the third filter circuit adopts a classic RC low-pass filter structure, and through a carefully designed combination of resistor and capacitor parameters, it effectively suppresses interference signals in a specific frequency band and ensures the reliable operation of the switch tube.

[0073] In some optional embodiments, such as Figure 4 As shown, the second switch circuit 2 includes a third NMOS transistor N3 and a second PMOS transistor P2. The third NMOS transistor N3 has a drain connected to the gate of the second PMOS transistor P2, a source connected to ground, and a gate connected to the control module 5. The second PMOS transistor P2 has a source connected to the power supply terminal of the device to be protected and a drain connected to the anode of the TVS transistor D1. When the TVS transistor D1 is detected as open circuit, the control module 5 outputs a high level to the third NMOS transistor.

[0074] Specifically, if Figure 4 As shown, the second switch circuit 2 is the core component of the entire circuit system that implements the open circuit detection function of the TVS tube D1. It is specifically composed of a third NMOS tube N3 and a second PMOS tube P2. The third NMOS tube N3 plays a key role in signal conduction and control in the circuit. Its drain is connected to the gate of the second PMOS tube P2. This connection method enables the third NMOS tube N3 to effectively control the conduction state of the second PMOS tube P2; the source is grounded, thereby establishing a stable low-voltage reference, providing a basis for potential control of the entire circuit; the gate is closely connected to the control module 5, serving as a "window" for receiving external control instructions, and is used to accurately receive the level signal issued by the control module 5.

[0075] The second PMOS transistor P2 is primarily responsible for establishing and interrupting the current path in the circuit. Its source is connected to the power supply of the device to be protected, allowing it to capture power from the power supply to power subsequent circuits. Its drain is connected to the anode of the TVS transistor D1, forming a critical current path between the power supply and the TVS transistor D1, playing a crucial role in the overall circuit protection mechanism.

[0076] Specifically, when the system needs to perform an open-circuit detection on the TVS transistor D1, the control module 5 responds quickly by outputting a high-level signal to the gate of the third NMOS transistor N3. Since the operating characteristic of an NMOS transistor is that it will only turn on when the gate voltage exceeds the source voltage by a certain threshold, at this time, the gate of the third NMOS transistor N3 receives the high-level signal, while the source is grounded and remains at a low level. The voltage difference between the two meets the turn-on condition, and the third NMOS transistor N3 quickly turns on. After the third NMOS transistor N3 turns on, it pulls down the gate potential of the second PMOS transistor P2. Because the turn-on condition for a PMOS transistor is that the gate voltage is lower than the source voltage, the source of the second PMOS transistor P2 is now connected to the power supply terminal at a high level, and the gate is pulled down, meeting the turn-on condition, and the second PMOS transistor P2 also turns on. The conduction of the second PMOS transistor P2 connects the circuit between the power supply end and the TVS transistor D1, creating the necessary circuit environment for open-circuit detection of the TVS transistor D1. The subsequent detection module can accurately determine whether the TVS transistor D1 is open based on this path, thereby ensuring the safe and stable operation of the entire circuit system.

[0077] In some optional embodiments, the second switching circuit 2 further includes: a fourth filtering circuit, a first end of which is connected to the gate of the third NMOS transistor N3, and a second end of which is connected to the source of the third NMOS transistor N3; a fifth filtering circuit, a first end of which is connected to the source of the second PMOS transistor P2, and a second end of which is connected to the gate of the second PMOS transistor P2.

[0078] Specifically, the fourth filter circuit has "purification of control signals" as its core function, and its first end is closely connected to the gate of the third NMOS tube N3, serving as an interface for receiving and processing control signals. Since the gate is the key node for the third NMOS tube N3 to respond to external control instructions, it is easily affected by abnormal signals such as high-frequency noise and electromagnetic interference in the circuit, which in turn leads to false triggering or unstable conduction. The second end of the fourth filter circuit is connected to the source of the third NMOS tube N3, and a complete filter loop is constructed using a low-potential reference with the source grounded. It is usually composed of filter elements such as capacitors and inductors, and can specifically filter out spikes and harmonic noise in the control signal, ensuring that the level signal input to the gate of the third NMOS tube N3 is pure and stable, avoiding erroneous conduction or cutoff due to interference, and enabling the third NMOS tube N3 to always accurately respond to the instructions of the control module 5.

[0079] The fifth filter circuit focuses on stabilizing the operating state of the second PMOS transistor P2. Its first end is connected to the source of the second PMOS transistor P2 and directly captures the voltage signal from the power supply terminal of the protected device. The voltage at the power supply terminal may generate voltage ripple and transient interference due to factors such as grid fluctuations and load changes. If these interferences act directly on the second PMOS transistor P2, they may affect its conduction characteristics and even cause gate overvoltage damage. The second end of the fifth filter circuit is connected to the gate of the second PMOS transistor P2. Through the energy storage filtering of the inductor and the bypass effect of the capacitor, the fifth filter circuit suppresses high-frequency noise in the source voltage and regulates the potential difference between the gate and source to ensure that the second PMOS transistor P2 is turned on and off under stable voltage conditions. During the open circuit detection process of the TVS transistor D1, the fifth filter circuit continuously optimizes the operating environment of the second PMOS transistor P2, ensuring a stable current path between its drain and the anode of the TVS transistor D1, providing a reliable circuit foundation for the detection process.

[0080] In some optional embodiments, such as Figure 4 As shown, the fourth filter circuit is an RC circuit composed of a resistor R7 and a capacitor C7, and the fifth filter circuit is an RC circuit composed of a resistor R8 and a capacitor C8. The functions of the two RC circuits are the same as those of the first and second filter circuits, and are not described here in detail.

[0081] In some optional embodiments, such as Figure 4 As shown, the short-circuit detection circuit 3 includes: a first resistor R1 and a sixth filter circuit, the sixth filter circuit is an RC circuit composed of a resistor R3 and a capacitor C3, wherein the second resistor R2 has a first end connected to the second end of the fuse FU1, and a second end connected to the first end of the sixth filter circuit and the control module 5; the second end of the sixth filter circuit is grounded.

[0082] Specifically, the first resistor R1 performs the dual functions of signal sampling and current limiting in the circuit. Its first end is connected to the second end of fuse FU1. Fuse FU1 serves as a fundamental component for overcurrent protection. When a short circuit occurs, a strong short-circuit current will first flow through fuse FU1. If the current exceeds the rated value of fuse FU1, fuse FU1 will melt, disconnecting the circuit. The first resistor R1 is connected in series with fuse FU1, enabling real-time sampling of the voltage signal at the rear end of fuse FU1 and converting the electrical signal changes generated by the short-circuit into a detectable voltage value. The second end of the first resistor R1 is connected simultaneously to the first end of the sixth filter circuit and the control module 5. This transmits the sampled voltage signal to the sixth filter circuit for processing and directly sends the signal to the control module 5 for preliminary detection. Furthermore, the first resistor R1 limits the current at the moment of a short circuit, preventing excessive current from directly impacting subsequent circuit components, thus providing some protection for the control module 5 and the sixth filter circuit.

[0083] In some optional embodiments, such as Figure 4 As shown, the open circuit detection circuit 4 includes: a second resistor R2, a first end of which is connected to the cathode of the TVS tube D1 and the control module, and a second end of which is grounded.

[0084] Specifically, during operation, when the TVS diode D1 is normally connected and the protection function is not triggered, the TVS diode D1 is in a high-impedance state. At this time, the voltage signal output from the first end of the second resistor R2 to the control module 5 is within a specific range, and the control module 5 determines that the TVS diode D1 is operating normally. If an open-circuit fault occurs in the TVS diode D1, the voltage signal at the first end of the second resistor R2 will change significantly. After receiving the abnormal voltage signal, the control module 5 can quickly and accurately identify the open-circuit state of the TVS diode D1 through a pre-set threshold comparison and logic judgment program, and promptly trigger an alarm or take corresponding protective measures, such as disconnecting the relevant power supply circuit and activating a backup protection device. This prevents the protected equipment from losing overvoltage protection due to the open-circuit failure of the TVS diode D1 and being damaged by transient high voltage shocks.

[0085] In some optional embodiments, such as Figure 5 As shown, the control module 5 is a complex programmable logic device (CPLD) control module, and the CPLD control module is connected to the EFUSE execution module and the BMC control module.

[0086] Specifically, the EFUSE execution module receives the P12V_EN signal from the CPLD control module and uses this signal to control its operation. When P12V_EN is high, P12V is output normally, and P12V_PG is high. If the EFUSE execution module operates abnormally, P12V_PG goes low. Simultaneously, the EFUSE execution module transmits the P12V_PG signal to the CPLD control module.

[0087] The CPLD control module controls the states of the first switch circuit 1 and the second switch circuit 2 to detect short circuit and open circuit of the TVS tube D1. The specific process is as follows: Figure 6 As shown, the details are as follows:

[0088] (1) The TVS tube D1 status monitoring circuit receives the signals CPLD_TVS_CHECK_1, CPLD_TVS_EN_10, and CPLD_TVS_EN_11 transmitted from the CPLD control module and performs corresponding operations according to the status of the signals.

[0089] When CPLD_TVS_CHECK_1=0, CPLD_TVS_EN_10=1, and CPLD_TVS_EN_11=1, MOS tubes N1, N2, and P1 are turned on, and TVS tube D1 starts working and enters the protection state.

[0090] When CPLD_TVS_CHECK_1 = 1, CPLD_TVS_EN_10 = 0, and output CPLD_TVS_EN_11 = 0, MOS transistors N1, N2, and P1 are not conducting, and TVS diode D1 is not in operation. MOS transistors N3 and P2 are conducting, and the TVS diode D1 enters the open circuit detection state, and the status signal CPLD_TVS_STATE_1 is transmitted to the CPLD control module.

[0091] The status signals CPLD_FUSE_STATE_1 and CPLD_TVS_STATE_1 of the fuse FU1 and the TVS tube D1 are transmitted to the CPLD control module.

[0092] (2) The CPLD control module determines the status of the CPLD_FUSE_STATE_1 signal within T1. If CPLD_FUSE_STATE_1 = 0, the fuse FU1 is blown, the TVS tube D1 is short-circuited, and the fault information is transmitted to the BMC control module.

[0093] Every T2, the CPLD control module checks the status of CPLD_TVS_STATE_1. The CPLD control module outputs CPLD_TVS_EN_10 = 0, CPLD_TVS_EN_11 = 0, and CPLD_TVS_CHECK_1 = 1. During T2, the CPLD_TVS_STATE_1 status is checked. If CPLD_TVS_STATE_1 = 0, TVS diode D1 is open, and fault information is transmitted to the BMC control module.

[0094] The embodiment of the present application provides a protection circuit for an EFUSE circuit, such as Figure 2 As shown, it includes: a TVS tube state monitoring circuit of one or more embodiments and any optional implementation method thereof and a TVS tube D1, the TVS tube state monitoring circuit includes: a fuse FU1, a first switch circuit 1, a second switch circuit 2, a short circuit detection circuit 3, an open circuit detection circuit 4 and a control module 5, wherein,

[0095] a fuse FU1, a first end of which is connected to the power supply end of the EFUSE circuit;

[0096] A first switch circuit 1, having a first end connected to the second end of the fuse FU1, a second end connected to the cathode of the TVS tube D1, a third end connected to the anode of the TVS tube D1, a fourth end grounded, and a control end connected to the control module 5;

[0097] A second switch circuit 2, having a first end connected to the power supply terminal of the device to be protected, a second end connected to the anode of the TVS tube D1, a third end connected to ground, and a fourth end connected to the control module 5;

[0098] a short-circuit detection circuit 3, a first end of which is connected to the second end of the fuse FU1, a second end of which is grounded, and a third end of which is connected to the control module 5;

[0099] An open circuit detection circuit 4, a first end of which is connected to the cathode of the TVS tube D1 and the control module, and a second end of which is grounded;

[0100] The control module 5 is configured to control the first switch circuit 1 to be turned on and the second switch circuit 2 to be turned off at a first time interval, and to determine whether the TVS tube D1 is short-circuited based on a feedback signal from the short-circuit detection circuit 3; and to control the first switch circuit 1 to be turned off and the second switch circuit 2 to be turned on at a second time interval, and to determine whether the TVS tube D1 is open-circuited based on a feedback signal from the short-circuit detection circuit 3.

[0101] Specifically, the protection circuit of the EFUSE circuit mainly includes a TVS diode D1 and its status monitoring circuit. The above embodiment and any optional implementation thereof have detailed the monitoring of the short-circuit and open-circuit states of the TVS diode D1, as well as the method and principle for the TVS diode D1 to normally enter the protection state, and will not be repeated here.

[0102] An embodiment of the present application provides a protection circuit for an EFUSE circuit, comprising: multiple TVS diodes D1 and multiple TVS diode state monitoring circuits according to the above embodiments and any optional implementation thereof. Each TVS diode D1 is redundant with each other, and each TVS diode D1 is configured with a TVS diode state monitoring circuit. The TVS diode state monitoring circuit comprises: a fuse FU1, a first switch circuit 1, a second switch circuit 2, a short-circuit detection circuit 3, an open-circuit detection circuit 4, and a control module 5.

[0103] a fuse FU1, a first end of which is connected to the power supply end of the EFUSE circuit;

[0104] A first switch circuit 1, having a first end connected to the second end of the fuse FU1, a second end connected to the cathode of the TVS tube D1, a third end connected to the anode of the TVS tube D1, a fourth end grounded, and a control end connected to the control module 5;

[0105] A second switch circuit 2, having a first end connected to the power supply terminal of the device to be protected, a second end connected to the anode of the TVS tube D1, a third end connected to ground, and a fourth end connected to the control module 5;

[0106] a short-circuit detection circuit 3, a first end of which is connected to the second end of the fuse FU1, a second end of which is grounded, and a third end of which is connected to the control module 5;

[0107] An open circuit detection circuit 4, a first end of which is connected to the cathode of the TVS tube D1 and the control module, and a second end of which is grounded;

[0108] The control module 5 is configured to control the first switch circuit 1 to be turned on and the second switch circuit 2 to be turned off at a first time interval, and to determine whether the TVS tube D1 is short-circuited based on a feedback signal from the short-circuit detection circuit 3; and to control the first switch circuit 1 to be turned off and the second switch circuit 2 to be turned on at a second time interval, and to determine whether the TVS tube D1 is open-circuited based on a feedback signal from the short-circuit detection circuit 3.

[0109] In some optional implementations, it is characterized in that each TVS tube D1 state monitoring circuit shares a control module 5 .

[0110] Specifically, the protection circuit of the EFUSE circuit takes two protection circuits as an example, such as Figure 7 As shown, each protection circuit is configured with a TVS diode D1 and a TVS diode state monitoring circuit. Each TVS diode state monitoring circuit shares a control module 5. The above embodiment and any of its optional embodiments have already detailed the monitoring of the short-circuit and open-circuit states of the TVS diode D1, as well as the method and principle for the TVS diode D1 to normally enter the protection state, and will not be repeated here.

[0111] Specifically, the protection circuits are redundant with each other. For example, if the TVS diode D1 of protection circuit #1 currently in the protection state is detected to be short-circuited or open-circuited, the CPLD control module controls P1 and N1 of protection circuit #1 to be disconnected, switching the TVS diode D1 of protection circuit #1. At the same time, it controls P1 and N1 of protection circuit #2 to be turned on, switching the TVS diode D1 of protection circuit #2 on. At this time, protection circuit #2 enters the protection state.

[0112] The embodiment of the present application provides an EFUSE circuit, comprising: an EFUSE execution module and the protection circuit of the EFUSE circuit of the above embodiment, wherein:

[0113] EFUSE execution module, whose enable terminal is connected to the control module 5;

[0114] A fuse FU1, a first end of which is connected to the power supply end of the EFUSE execution module;

[0115] A first switch circuit 1, having a first end connected to the second end of the fuse FU1, a second end connected to the cathode of the TVS tube D1, a third end connected to the anode of the TVS tube D1, a fourth end grounded, and a control end connected to the control module 5;

[0116] A second switch circuit 2, having a first end connected to the power supply terminal of the device to be protected, a second end connected to the anode of the TVS tube D1, a third end connected to ground, and a fourth end connected to the control module 5;

[0117] a short-circuit detection circuit 3, a first end of which is connected to the second end of the fuse FU1, a second end of which is grounded, and a third end of which is connected to the control module 5;

[0118] An open circuit detection circuit 4, a first end of which is connected to the cathode of the TVS tube D1 and the control module, and a second end of which is grounded;

[0119] The control module 5 is configured to control the first switch circuit 1 to be turned on and the second switch circuit 2 to be turned off at a first time interval, and to determine whether the TVS tube D1 is short-circuited based on a feedback signal from the short-circuit detection circuit 3; and to control the first switch circuit 1 to be turned off and the second switch circuit 2 to be turned on at a second time interval, and to determine whether the TVS tube D1 is open-circuited based on a feedback signal from the short-circuit detection circuit 3.

[0120] Specifically, the EFUSE circuit has two configurations: one is composed of an EFUSE execution module, a TVS diode D1 and its state monitoring circuit; the other is composed of an EFUSE execution module, at least two TVS diodes D1, and each TVS is configured with a state monitoring circuit. Each state monitoring circuit can be configured with an independent control module 5, or share a control module 5, which is not limited here.

[0121] An embodiment of the present application provides a TVS tube state monitoring method, which is applied to a control module 5 of a TVS tube state monitoring circuit. The method includes: enabling a device to be protected, controlling a first switch circuit 1 to be conductive and a second switch circuit 2 to be disconnected; detecting a feedback signal from a short-circuit detection circuit 3 at a first time interval, and determining whether the TVS tube D1 is short-circuited; and controlling the first switch circuit 1 to be disconnected and the second switch circuit 2 to be conductive at a second time interval, and determining whether the TVS tube D1 is open-circuited based on the feedback signal from the short-circuit detection circuit 3.

[0122] Specifically, the CPLD control module controls the states of the first switch circuit 1 and the second switch circuit 2 to detect short circuit and open circuit of the TVS tube D1. The specific process is as follows: Figure 6 As shown, no further details are given here.

[0123] In some optional embodiments, the first time interval is longer than the second time interval.

[0124] Specifically, the control module uses a polling control method to implement short circuit detection and open circuit detection. Since short circuit detection requires a long time to monitor signal changes, and open circuit detection can capture signal changes when the TVS tube is open, the first time interval is longer than the second time interval.

[0125] Specifically, the control module 5 controls the first switch circuit 1 to be turned on and the second switch circuit 2 to be turned off. At this time, the TVS tube is connected in series with the front-stage power supply terminal of the device to be protected. That is, in this state, the TVS tube normally performs the surge current suppression function, and in this state, within the first time interval, every first time interval, the control module 5 determines whether the TVS tube is short-circuited according to the feedback signal of the short-circuit detection circuit 3.

[0126] Specifically, the control module 5 controls the first switch circuit 1 to be turned on and the second switch circuit 2 to be turned off. At this time, the TVS tube is connected in series with the front-stage power supply terminal of the equipment to be protected. That is, in this state, the TVS tube normally performs the surge current suppression function, and in this state, every second time interval, the control module controls the first switch circuit 1 to be turned off and the second switch circuit 2 to be turned on. The control module 5 determines whether the TVS tube is open according to the feedback signal of the open circuit detection circuit 4.

[0127] An embodiment of the present application provides a protection method for an EFUSE circuit. The protection method is applied to a protection circuit of the EFUSE circuit. The method includes: enabling a device to be protected, controlling a first switch circuit 1 to be conductive and a second switch circuit 2 to be disconnected; detecting a feedback signal from a short-circuit detection circuit 3 at a first time interval, and determining whether a TVS diode D1 is short-circuited; controlling the first switch circuit 1 to be disconnected and the second switch circuit 2 to be conductive at a second time interval, and determining whether the TVS diode D1 is open-circuited based on the feedback signal from the short-circuit detection circuit 3; and controlling the first switch circuit 1 to be disconnected if the TVS diode D1 is determined to be short-circuited or open-circuited.

[0128] Specifically, for a protection circuit having only one TVS diode D1 and its state monitoring circuit, the TVS diode state monitoring method of the above embodiment is adopted. When it is detected that the TVS diode D1 is short-circuited or open-circuited, the first switch circuit 1 is directly controlled to be turned off, that is, P1 and N2 are controlled to be turned off, so as to cut off the TVS diode D1.

[0129] An embodiment of the present application provides a protection method for an EFUSE circuit, characterized in that the protection method is applied to a protection circuit of the EFUSE circuit, and includes: enabling a device to be protected, controlling a first switch circuit 1 to be conductive and a second switch circuit 2 to be disconnected; detecting a feedback signal from a short-circuit detection circuit 3 at a first time interval, and determining whether a TVS diode D1 is short-circuited; controlling the first switch circuit 1 to be disconnected and the second switch circuit 2 to be conductive at a second time interval, and determining whether the TVS diode D1 is open-circuited based on the feedback signal from the short-circuit detection circuit 3; if it is determined that the TVS diode currently executing the protection mechanism is short-circuited or open-circuited, controlling the first switch circuit 1 to be disconnected; and controlling the first switch circuit 1 of any other redundant TVS diode D1 status monitoring circuit to be conductive.

[0130] Specifically, when only one TVS diode D1 is in operation at a time, the TVS diode status monitoring method of the above embodiment is used. If the currently active TVS diode D1 is detected to be short-circuited or open-circuited, the first switch circuit 1 is directly controlled to be turned off, that is, P1 and N2 are turned off to disconnect the currently active TVS diode D1, and any other normal TVS diode D1 is controlled to be in operation. If protection circuit #1, which is currently in the protection state, detects that its TVS diode D1 is short-circuited or open-circuited, the CPLD control module controls P1 and N1 of protection circuit #1 to be turned off, switching the TVS diode D1 in protection circuit #1. Simultaneously, P1 and N1 of protection circuit #2 are controlled to be turned on, switching the TVS diode D1 in protection circuit #2. At this point, protection circuit #2 enters the protection state.

[0131] For example, take two protection circuits as an example, Figure 8 As shown, the specific protection method process is as follows:

[0132] (1) Set the connection relationship between the EFUSE execution module, protection circuit #1, protection circuit #2, CPLD control module, and BMC control module on the system.

[0133] (2) The CPLD control module outputs CPLD_TVS_CHECK_1=0, CPLD_TVS_EN_10=1, and CPLD_TVS_EN_11=1. MOS tubes N1, N2, and P1 are turned on, D1 is put into operation, and protection circuit #1 enters the protection state.

[0134] (3) The CPLD control module outputs P12V_EN=1, the EFUSE execution module starts working, outputs P12V, and P12V_PG becomes a high level.

[0135] (4) Every T1 time, the CPLD control module detects the status of CPLD_FUSE_STATE_1.

[0136] (5) Within T1, if CPLD_FUSE_STATE_1 = 0, fuse FU1 blows, TVS tube D1 short-circuits, and the CPLD control module transmits the fault information to the BMC control module.

[0137] ①The CPLD control module outputs CPLD_TVS_EN_10=0 and CPLD_TVS_EN_11=0, switching off protection circuit #1.

[0138] ②The CPLD control module outputs CPLD_TVS_EN_20=1, CPLD_TVS_EN_21=1, and TVS protection circuit #2 enters the protection state.

[0139] (6) During time T1, if CPLD_FUSE_STATE_1 = 1, fuse F31 is not blown and TVS tube D1 is not short-circuited.

[0140] (7) Every T2 time, the CPLD control module checks the status of CPLD_TVS_STATE_1. The CPLD control module outputs CPLD_TVS_EN_10 = 0, CPLD_TVS_EN_11 = 0, and CPLD_TVS_CHECK_1 = 1.

[0141] (8) During T2, if CPLD_TVS_STATE_1 = 0, TVS diode D31 is open, and the CPLD control module transmits the fault information to the BMC control module.

[0142] ①The CPLD control module outputs CPLD_TVS_EN_10=0 and CPLD_TVS_EN_11=0, switching off protection circuit #1.

[0143] ②The CPLD control module outputs CPLD_TVS_EN_20=1, CPLD_TVS_EN_21=1, and protection circuit #2 enters the protection state.

[0144] (9) During T2, if CPLD_TVS_STATE_1 = 1, TVS tube D1 is not open.

[0145] (10) The CPLD control module cyclically determines the status of fuse FU1 and TVS tube D1.

[0146] The embodiment of the present application also provides an electronic device, such as Figure 9 As shown, it includes a memory 10 and a processor 20. The memory 10 stores a computer program. The processor 20 is configured to run the computer program to execute the steps in any of the above-mentioned TVS tube state monitoring methods and TVS tube state monitoring method embodiments.

[0147] An embodiment of the present application further provides a computer-readable storage medium, which stores a computer program, wherein the computer program is configured to execute the steps of any of the above-mentioned TVS tube state monitoring methods and TVS tube state monitoring method embodiments when running.

[0148] In an exemplary embodiment, the computer-readable storage medium may include, but is not limited to, various media that can store computer programs, such as a USB flash drive, a read-only memory (ROM), a random access memory (RAM), a mobile hard disk, a magnetic disk, or an optical disk.

[0149] An embodiment of the present application further provides a computer program product, which includes a computer program. When the computer program is executed by a processor, it implements the steps in any of the above-mentioned TVS tube state monitoring methods and TVS tube state monitoring method embodiments.

[0150] An embodiment of the present application further provides another computer program product, including a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium, wherein the non-volatile computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program. When the computer program is executed by a processor, the computer program implements any of the above-mentioned TVS tube state monitoring methods and the steps in the TVS tube state monitoring method embodiments.

[0151] Professionals may further appreciate that the units and algorithm steps of each example described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented in electronic hardware, computer software, or a combination of the two. In order to clearly illustrate the interchangeability of hardware and software, the above description has generally described the components and steps of each example according to their functions. Whether these functions are performed in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Professionals and technicians may use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered beyond the scope of this application.

[0152] The above describes in detail the TVS tube status monitoring circuit and EFUSE circuit protection circuit provided by this application. This article uses specific examples to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of this application. The description of the above embodiments is only intended to help understand the method and core concept of this application. It should be noted that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, without departing from the principles of this application, several improvements and modifications can be made to this application, and these improvements and modifications also fall within the scope of protection of the claims of this application.

Claims

1. A TVS tube status monitoring circuit, characterized in that: include: A fuse, a first switch circuit, a second switch circuit, a short circuit detection circuit, an open circuit detection circuit and a control module, wherein: a fuse, a first end of which is connected to a power supply terminal of the device to be protected; a first switch circuit, wherein a first end of the first switch circuit is connected to the second end of the fuse, a second end of the first switch circuit is connected to the cathode of the TVS tube, a third end of the first switch circuit is connected to the anode of the TVS tube, and a control end of the first switch circuit is connected to the control module; a second switch circuit, a first end of which is connected to the power supply terminal of the device to be protected, a second end of which is connected to the anode of the TVS tube, and a fourth end of which is connected to the control module; a short circuit detection circuit, a first end of which is connected to the second end of the fuse, and a third end of which is connected to the control module; an open circuit detection circuit, a first end of which is connected to the cathode of the TVS tube and the control module, a second end of which is connected to the fourth end of the first switch circuit, the third end of the second switch circuit, and the second end of the short circuit detection circuit and then grounded; The control module is used to control the first switch circuit to be turned on and the second switch circuit to be turned off at every first time interval, and to determine whether the TVS tube is short-circuited based on the feedback signal of the short-circuit detection circuit; and to control the first switch circuit to be turned off and the second switch circuit to be turned on at every second time interval, and to determine whether the TVS tube is open based on the feedback signal of the open-circuit detection circuit.

2. The TVS tube state monitoring circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first switch circuit includes: a first switch sub-circuit and a second switch sub-circuit, wherein: a first switch sub-circuit, having a first end connected to the second end of the fuse, a second end connected to the cathode of the TVS tube, a third end grounded, and a control end connected to the control module; The second switch sub-circuit has a first end connected to the anode of the TVS tube, a second end connected to the second end of the open circuit detection circuit and then grounded, and a control end connected to the control module.

3. The TVS tube state monitoring circuit according to claim 2, characterized in that: The first switch sub-circuit includes: a first NMOS transistor and a first PMOS transistor, wherein: a first NMOS transistor, whose drain is connected to the gate of the first PMOS transistor, whose source is connected to the second end of the open circuit detection circuit and then grounded, and whose gate is connected to the control module; A first PMOS tube has a source connected to the second end of the fuse and a drain connected to the cathode of the TVS tube.

4. The TVS tube state monitoring circuit according to claim 3, characterized in that: The first switch sub-circuit further includes: a first filter circuit, a first end of which is connected to the gate of the first NMOS transistor, and a second end of which is connected to the source of the first NMOS transistor; A second filter circuit has a first end connected to the first end of the fuse, and a second end connected to the gate of the first PMOS transistor.

5. The TVS tube state monitoring circuit according to claim 2, characterized in that: The second switch sub-circuit includes: The second NMOS tube has a drain connected to the anode of the TVS tube, a source connected to the second end of the open circuit detection circuit and then grounded, and a gate connected to the control module.

6. The TVS tube state monitoring circuit according to claim 5, characterized in that: The second switch sub-circuit further includes: A third filtering circuit has a first end connected to the gate of the second NMOS transistor and a second end connected to the source of the second NMOS transistor.

7. The TVS tube state monitoring circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The second switch circuit includes: a third NMOS transistor and a second PMOS transistor, wherein: a third NMOS transistor, whose drain is connected to the gate of the second PMOS transistor, whose source is connected to the second end of the open circuit detection circuit and then grounded, and whose gate is connected to the control module; The second PMOS tube has a source connected to the power supply terminal of the device to be protected, and a drain connected to the anode of the TVS tube.

8. The TVS tube state monitoring circuit according to claim 7, characterized in that: The second switch circuit further includes: a fourth filter circuit, a first end of which is connected to the gate of the third NMOS transistor, and a second end of which is connected to the source of the third NMOS transistor; A fifth filtering circuit has a first end connected to the source of the second PMOS transistor and a second end connected to the gate of the second PMOS transistor.

9. The TVS tube state monitoring circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The short circuit detection circuit includes: a first resistor and a sixth filter circuit, wherein: a first resistor, a first end of which is connected to the second end of the fuse, and a second end of which is connected to the first end of the sixth filter circuit and the control module; The second end of the sixth filter circuit is grounded.

10. The TVS tube state monitoring circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The open circuit detection circuit comprises: A second resistor has a first end connected to the second end of the fuse and the control module, and a second end connected to the second end of the open circuit detection circuit.

11. A protection circuit for an EFUSE circuit, characterized in that: include: A TVS tube state monitoring circuit according to any one of claims 1 to 10 and a TVS tube, the TVS tube state monitoring circuit comprising: a fuse, a first switch circuit, a second switch circuit, a short circuit detection circuit, an open circuit detection circuit and a control module, wherein: a fuse having a first end connected to a power supply end of the EFUSE circuit; a first switch circuit, wherein a first end thereof is connected to the second end of the fuse, a second end thereof is connected to the cathode of the TVS tube, a third end thereof is connected to the anode of the TVS tube, and a control end thereof is connected to the control module; a second switch circuit, a first end of which is connected to the power supply terminal of the device to be protected, a second end of which is connected to the anode of the TVS tube, and a fourth end of which is connected to the control module; a short circuit detection circuit, a first end of which is connected to the second end of the fuse, and a third end of which is connected to the control module; An open circuit detection circuit has a first end connected to the cathode of the TVS tube and the control module, a second end connected to the fourth end of the first switch circuit, the third end of the second switch circuit, and the second end of the short circuit detection circuit and then grounded.

12. A protection circuit for an EFUSE circuit, characterized in that: include: Multiple TVS tubes and multiple TVS tube state monitoring circuits according to any one of claims 1 to 10, each TVS tube being redundant with each other, each TVS tube being configured with a TVS tube state monitoring circuit, the TVS tube state monitoring circuit comprising: a fuse, a first switch circuit, a second switch circuit, a short circuit detection circuit, an open circuit detection circuit, and a control module, wherein: a fuse having a first end connected to a power supply end of the EFUSE circuit; a first switch circuit, wherein a first end thereof is connected to the second end of the fuse, a second end thereof is connected to the cathode of the TVS tube, a third end thereof is connected to the anode of the TVS tube, and a control end thereof is connected to the control module; a second switch circuit, a first end of which is connected to the power supply terminal of the device to be protected, a second end of which is connected to the anode of the TVS tube, and a fourth end of which is connected to the control module; a short circuit detection circuit, a first end of which is connected to the second end of the fuse, and a third end of which is connected to the control module; An open circuit detection circuit has a first end connected to the cathode of the TVS tube and the control module, a second end connected to the fourth end of the first switch circuit, the third end of the second switch circuit, and the second end of the short circuit detection circuit and then grounded.

13. The protection circuit of the EFUSE circuit according to claim 12, characterized in that: It is characterized by: Each TVS tube status monitoring circuit shares one control module.

14. An EFUSE circuit, characterized in that: include: An EFUSE execution module and the protection circuit of the EFUSE circuit according to claim 11, or an EFUSE execution module and the protection circuit of the EFUSE circuit according to any one of claims 12-13, wherein: EFUSE execution module, whose enable terminal is connected to the control module; a fuse, a first end of which is connected to a power supply end of the EFUSE execution module; a first switch circuit, wherein a first end thereof is connected to the second end of the fuse, a second end thereof is connected to the cathode of the TVS tube, a third end thereof is connected to the anode of the TVS tube, and a control end thereof is connected to the control module; a second switch circuit, a first end of which is connected to the power supply terminal of the device to be protected, a second end of which is connected to the anode of the TVS tube, and a fourth end of which is connected to the control module; a short circuit detection circuit, a first end of which is connected to the second end of the fuse, and a third end of which is connected to the control module; An open circuit detection circuit has a first end connected to the cathode of the TVS tube and the control module, a second end connected to the fourth end of the first switch circuit, the third end of the second switch circuit, and the second end of the short circuit detection circuit and then grounded.

15. A TVS tube status monitoring method, characterized in that: The monitoring method is applied to the control module of the TVS tube state monitoring circuit according to any one of claims 1 to 10, and the method includes: Enabling the device to be protected, controlling the first switch circuit to be turned on and the second switch circuit to be turned off, detecting a feedback signal of a short-circuit detection circuit at first time intervals, and determining whether the TVS tube is short-circuited; The first switch circuit is controlled to be turned off and the second switch circuit is controlled to be turned on at every second time interval, and whether the TVS tube is open is determined according to a feedback signal from the open circuit detection circuit.

16. The TVS tube status monitoring method according to claim 15, characterized in that: The first time interval is greater than the second time interval.

17. A method for protecting an EFUSE circuit, characterized in that: The protection method is applied to the protection circuit of the EFUSE circuit according to claim 11, and the method comprises: Using the TVS tube state monitoring method according to any one of claims 15-16 to determine whether the TVS is short-circuited or open-circuited; If it is determined that the TVS is short-circuited or open-circuited, the first switch circuit is controlled to be turned off.

18. A method for protecting an EFUSE circuit, characterized in that: The protection method is applied to the protection circuit of the EFUSE circuit according to any one of claims 12 to 13, and the method includes: Using the TVS tube state monitoring method according to any one of claims 15-16, it is determined whether the TVS currently executing the protection mechanism is short-circuited or open-circuited; If it is determined that the TVS currently executing the protection mechanism is short-circuited or open-circuited, the first switch circuit is controlled to be turned off; The first switch circuit of the state monitoring circuit of any other redundant TVS tube is controlled to be turned on.

19. An electronic device, characterized in that: include: memory for storing computer programs; A processor, configured to implement the steps of the TVS tube state monitoring method according to any one of claims 15 to 16 and the EFUSE circuit protection method according to any one of claims 17 to 18 when executing the computer program.

20. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that The computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program, wherein when the computer program is executed by a processor, the steps of the TVS tube state monitoring method according to any one of claims 15 to 16 and the EFUSE circuit protection method according to any one of claims 17 to 18 are implemented.

21. A computer program product comprising a computer program, characterized in that When the computer program is executed by a processor, the steps of the TVS tube state monitoring method according to any one of claims 15 to 16 and the EFUSE circuit protection method according to any one of claims 17 to 18 are implemented.

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