Method for operating internal combustion engine, control unit for internal combustion engine, and internal combustion engine

Abstract

A method for operating an internal combustion engine (1) having: a compressor (5) arranged in an air path (3) for compressing ambient air of the internal combustion engine (1) flowing along the air path (3); a turbine (9) arranged in the exhaust gas path (7) and drivingly connected to the compressor (5); the invention relates to a method for operating an internal combustion engine (1), comprising a compressor (5), and an electric motor (11), the electric motor (11) being drivingly connected to the compressor (5), at least one operating parameter characterizing a density of ambient air of the internal combustion engine (1) being detected, and the electric motor (11) being actuated as a function of the at least one operating parameter.

Description

Field of the Invention

[0001] The invention relates to a method for operating an internal combustion engine, a controller for an internal combustion engine, and an internal combustion engine. Background Art

[0002] In internal combustion engines, especially in gas engines, in the case of low air density, especially due to high ambient temperatures or a geodetically elevated operating position of the internal combustion engine, in order to regulate the speed and achieve the required power, a turbine of an exhaust gas turbocharger designed to provide a boost pressure regulation reserve is usually dimensioned too small relative to the rated power of the internal combustion engine. However, this results in an excessive boost pressure at most operating points and especially during more than 90% of the operating time, which must be regulated by a pressure regulating mechanism, such as a throttle plate. As a result, the efficiency of the internal combustion engine is disadvantageously reduced. The provision of a boost pressure regulation reserve can be achieved without disadvantageously reducing the efficiency by means of a variable turbine geometry. However, such turbines are highly complex, expensive, and mechanically vulnerable systems. In particular, in gas engines for power generation, precisely because of the very long maintenance intervals common there, it is almost impossible to economically use such turbines with variable turbine geometry. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The object on which the invention is based is to implement a method for operating an internal combustion engine, a controller for an internal combustion engine, and an internal combustion engine, in which at least the mentioned disadvantages are reduced, preferably not present.

[0004] This object is achieved by providing the teaching of the present technology, especially the teaching of the independent claims, and the teaching of the preferred embodiments disclosed in the dependent claims and the description.

[0005] This object is achieved in particular by implementing a method for operating an internal combustion engine, wherein the internal combustion engine is operated, which has: a compressor arranged in an air path, which is used to compress the ambient air flowing along the air path of the internal combustion engine - in particular inhaled from the environment of the internal combustion engine; a turbine arranged in an exhaust gas path and drivingly connected to the compressor; and an electric motor. The electric motor is drivingly connected to the compressor. At least one operating parameter is detected, which characterizes the density of the ambient air of the internal combustion engine - in particular in the said environment - and the electric motor is controlled based on the at least one operating parameter. Advantageously, by controlling the electric motor, the required boost pressure can be provided even in the case of low air density, in such a way that: in addition to being driven by the turbine, the compressor is also driven by the electric motor. Thus, a boost pressure reserve is provided by the electric motor, which can be called upon as needed and thus targeted. Conversely, at operating points where this is not required, the additional drive by the electric motor can be dispensed with, in such a way that: at least not in a motor-driven manner, in particular the electric motor is not controlled. Since the turbine does not have to provide the required drive power alone at the peak, the turbine can be designed larger, so that the internal combustion engine advantageously has a higher overall efficiency. In particular, the overshooting boost pressure at many operating points in the traditional configuration is eliminated, and correspondingly the boost pressure does not have to be adjusted by a pressure regulating mechanism thereafter; at the same time, the exhaust gas backpressure is reduced. In particular, it is not necessary to design the turbine too small relative to the rated power of the internal combustion engine. In particular, the internal combustion engine operating within the framework of the said method can simultaneously have high dynamics and high efficiency with a boost pressure regulation reserve.

[0006] The power regulation of the internal combustion engine is carried out in particular by means of a pressure regulating mechanism arranged in the air path. The pressure regulating mechanism is in particular configured as a throttle plate.

[0007] Within the framework of the said method, the internal combustion engine is in particular operated with fuel gas. In particular, the internal combustion engine is configured as a gas engine. In particular, the fuel gas can be introduced into the air path upstream of the compressor. Then, the ambient air - fuel gas mixture flows in the air path to the compressor and is compressed by the compressor. As an alternative or in addition, it is feasible to introduce the fuel gas directly into the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine.

[0008] In the context of the technical teaching present here, the fuel gas is in particular understood as a gaseous, combustible gas or gas mixture at room temperature and ambient pressure - in particular at 25 °C and 1013 mbar. In particular, natural gas, in particular liquefied natural gas (LNG), in particular natural gas with a variable hydrogen content or hydrogen is used as the fuel gas.

[0009] According to an improvement of the present invention, it is provided that if the at least one operating parameter infers that the density of the ambient air is less than a predetermined limit density, the electric motor is controlled to drive the compressor. Advantageously, in particular, in this way, a targeted control of the electric motor can be achieved to provide the required boost pressure. Controlling the electric motor to drive the compressor particularly means controlling the electric motor in a motor-driven manner. Additionally feasible in terms of the characteristics of the electric motor as an electric machine is that the electric motor - at other operating points - is controlled in a generator-like manner, that is, operates as a generator.

[0010] According to an improvement of the present invention, it is provided that if the at least one operating parameter infers that the density of the ambient air is at least corresponding to the predetermined limit density, the electric motor is at least not controlled in a motor-driven manner, in particular, the electric motor is not controlled. Advantageously, the efficiency of the internal combustion engine is thus particularly high, in particular in such a way that: under the condition that the compressor does not need to be additionally driven by the electric motor, energy is not provided for the electric motor.

[0011] According to an improvement of the present invention, it is provided that the drive power of the electric motor is selected according to at least one operating parameter. Advantageously, in this way, the drive power exactly required for providing the required boost pressure can be provided in a targeted manner. In particular, in addition, no energy is consumed, which advantageously affects the efficiency of the internal combustion engine.

[0012] According to an improvement of the present invention, it is provided that at least one parameter is detected as the at least one operating parameter, wherein the at least one parameter is selected from the group consisting of: the actual power of the internal combustion engine, in particular compared to the target power of the internal combustion engine, the actual torque of the internal combustion engine, in particular compared to the target torque of the internal combustion engine, the ambient temperature of the internal combustion engine, and the ambient pressure of the internal combustion engine. In one embodiment, a combination of at least two, in particular more than two, of the parameters mentioned here is used as the at least one operating parameter. In particular, the operating parameters mentioned here are suitable for inferring the density of the ambient air.

[0013] It is feasible to directly measure the ambient pressure or the ambient temperature. However, it is also feasible to indirectly, in particular according to at least one other parameter or measurement value (from which the corresponding value can be inferred), determine at least one of these values. For example, at least one pressure value and / or temperature value can be measured along the air path, from which - for example, due to the use of a flow model - the ambient pressure and / or ambient temperature can be deduced inversely.

[0014] In particular, when the actual power of the internal combustion engine is less than the target power, this can be judged as an indication of the following situation: the required boost pressure is not achieved due to the low density of the ambient air. Correspondingly, the same applies to the following situation: the actual torque of the internal combustion engine is less than the target torque. Like the ambient pressure, the ambient temperature is also a direct indicator of the air density. If different parameters are combined with each other, the density of the ambient air can be inferred with higher accuracy, or different parameters can be used for alternative credibility verification.

[0015] According to an improved embodiment of the present invention, the drive power of the electric motor is selected according to the adjustment deviation of the power of the internal combustion engine. In particular, in this way, the drive power can be advantageously and purposefully and as required assigned to the electric motor to provide the required boost pressure. In particular, in the case of a negative adjustment deviation, that is, if the actual power of the internal combustion engine is less than the target power, the electric motor is controlled - in a motor-driven manner. In particular, in the case of a positive adjustment deviation, that is, if the actual power of the internal combustion engine is greater than the target power, at least it is not motor-driven, especially the electric motor is not controlled. However, in one design, it is feasible that if the actual power of the internal combustion engine is greater than the target power, the electric motor is controlled in a generator mode, that is, operated as a generator, especially in order to increase the efficiency of the internal combustion engine or the electrical efficiency or total electrical power of the generator set, and / or to brake the compressor. As an alternative or additional option, if the actual power exactly corresponds to the target power, at least it is not motor-driven, especially the electric motor is not controlled.

[0016] In the context of this technical teaching, the adjustment deviation is particularly understood as the deviation between the actual value and the assigned target value.

[0017] As an alternative or additional option, it is provided that the drive power of the electric motor is selected according to the adjustment deviation of the torque of the internal combustion engine. In this way, the drive power can also be purposefully and as required assigned to the electric motor to provide the required boost pressure. In particular, in the case of a negative adjustment deviation, that is, if the actual torque of the internal combustion engine is less than the target torque, the electric motor is controlled. In particular, in the case of a positive adjustment deviation, that is, if the actual torque of the internal combustion engine is greater than the target torque, at least it is not motor-driven, especially the electric motor is not controlled. However, in this case - as described above - it is also feasible for the electric motor to operate as a generator. As an alternative or additional option, if the actual torque exactly corresponds to the target torque, the electric motor is not controlled.

[0018] According to an improvement of the present invention, it is provided that the drive power of the electric motor is selected based on the ambient pressure and ambient temperature of the internal combustion engine. In particular, the combination of the ambient pressure and ambient temperature allows for an accurate inference of the density of the ambient air.

[0019] In one embodiment, the drive power of the electric motor is read from a characteristic curve family based on the ambient pressure and ambient temperature of the internal combustion engine. Here, values for the drive power of the electric motor that depend on the value of the ambient pressure and the value of the ambient temperature are particularly stored in the characteristic curve family. This represents a particularly easy and less computationally intensive design of the method.

[0020] According to an improvement of the present invention, it is provided that the electric motor is actuated in a motor-driven manner only if at least one additional condition is additionally satisfied, where the at least one additional condition is particularly selected from the group consisting of: the load parameter of the internal combustion engine indicates a high current load, and the current compressor speed of the compressor is less than the maximum compressor speed of the compressor. Advantageously, the electric motor is actuated in a motor-driven manner in this way only if there is actually a need for boost pressure regulation reserve and / or if the compressor can still be driven further, particularly without risk.

[0021] In the context of this technical teaching, a high load is particularly understood to be a load greater than a predetermined load limit value. Here, the predetermined load limit value can itself depend on at least one further parameter, which can in turn particularly characterize the density of the ambient air. In particular, the predetermined load limit value can be greater in the case of a higher density of the ambient air than in the case of a lower density of the ambient air, and vice versa. However, as an additional or alternative solution, the load limit value can also depend on other conditions, such as the aging or wear of the turbine or compressor, the degree of contamination of the air filter, and optionally further parameters that affect the boost pressure.

[0022] Particularly used as the load parameter is a parameter selected from the group consisting of: the opening position of the pressure regulating mechanism, particularly the throttle plate, the rotational speed of the internal combustion engine, and the torque of the internal combustion engine. In one embodiment, the electric motor is actuated in a motor-driven manner only if, as the at least one additional condition, the pressure regulating mechanism is fully open, particularly the throttle plate arranged in the air path is fully open.

[0023] If the compressor has already reached its maximum compressor speed, it may be disadvantageous to drive the compressor further. In particular, this can lead to damage or even destruction of the compressor.

[0024] In one embodiment, the electric motor is actuated in a motor-driven manner only when - cumulatively - two of the previously mentioned additional conditions are met.

[0025] This object is also achieved by implementing a controller for an internal combustion engine, which controller is configured to carry out a method according to the invention or a method according to one or more of the previously described embodiments. In particular, the advantages already explained in connection with the method are obtained in connection with the controller.

[0026] This object is also achieved by implementing an internal combustion engine, which has: a compressor arranged in the air path of the internal combustion engine, which compressor is configured to compress ambient air flowing along the air path; a turbine arranged in the exhaust gas path and drivingly connected to the compressor; an electric motor drivingly connected to the compressor; and a controller, wherein the controller is drivingly connected to the electric motor and is configured to acquire at least one operating parameter which characterizes the density of the ambient air of the internal combustion engine. The controller is furthermore configured to actuate the electric motor as a function of the at least one operating parameter. In particular, the internal combustion engine has a controller according to the invention or a controller according to one or more of the previously described embodiments. In particular, the advantages already described in connection with the method or the controller are obtained in connection with the internal combustion engine.

[0027] The internal combustion engine in particular has a pressure regulating mechanism, in particular a throttle plate, arranged in the air path.

[0028] In one embodiment, the internal combustion engine is an internal combustion engine operated with fuel gas, in particular a gas engine. In particular, in one embodiment, the internal combustion engine is drivingly connected to an electric machine which can operate as a generator. In this context, the invention also includes an internal combustion engine system which has an internal combustion engine according to the invention or an internal combustion engine according to one or more of the embodiments described here and below and an electric machine which can operate as a generator and is drivingly connected to the internal combustion engine. The internal combustion engine system is in particular a generator set or a generating unit.

[0029] In one embodiment, the controller is drivingly connected to at least one parameter sensor and is configured to detect the at least one operating parameter by means of the parameter sensor. As an alternative or in addition, the controller is configured to acquire, in particular to calculate, the at least one operating parameter - in particular from other operating parameters or measured values. As an alternative or in addition, the controller is configured to obtain, in particular to calculate, the at least one operating parameter on the basis of a mathematical or physical model of the internal combustion engine. As an alternative or in addition, the at least one operating parameter is known in the controller.

[0030] According to an improved embodiment of the present invention, an internal combustion engine has at least one parameter sensor which is operatively connected to a controller and is configured to detect the at least one operating parameter. The at least one parameter sensor is particularly selected from the group consisting of a rotational speed sensor, a torque sensor, a pressure sensor, and a temperature sensor.

[0031] According to an improved embodiment of the present invention, a turbine is, for example, 5% to 10% larger than a turbine of an internal combustion engine, in particular, whose controller is not configured to control an electric motor based on the at least one operating parameter, or which does not have such an electric motor. In particular, the turbine is larger than a turbine of an internal combustion engine having the same rated power, whose controller is not configured to control an electric motor based on the at least one operating parameter, or which does not have such an electric motor. In particular, the advantages described above are achieved in this way. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0032] The present invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to the drawings. Here:

[0033] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of an embodiment of an internal combustion engine is shown,

[0034] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of an embodiment of a method for operating an internal combustion engine according to Figure 1 is shown, and

[0035] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the functional mode of an internal combustion engine according to Figure 1 and a method according to Figure 2 is shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of an embodiment of an internal combustion engine 1 is shown.

[0037] The internal combustion engine 1 has an air path 3 and a compressor 5 arranged therein, wherein the compressor 5 is configured to compress ambient air inhaled from the environment 6 of the internal combustion engine 1 flowing along the air path 3. In the exhaust gas path 7, the internal combustion engine 1 has a turbine 9 which is drivingly connected to the compressor 5. In addition, the internal combustion engine 1 has an electric motor 11 and a controller 13, the electric motor being drivingly connected to the compressor 5, and the controller being operatively connected to the electric motor 11, in particular via a converter not shown here. The controller 13 is further configured to obtain at least one operating parameter which characterizes the density of the ambient air of the internal combustion engine 1, in particular the density of the ambient air in the environment 6. The controller 13 is further configured to control the electric motor 11 based on the at least one operating parameter.

[0038] The internal combustion engine 1 in particular has a pressure regulating mechanism 15 arranged in the air path 3, which pressure regulating mechanism is preferably configured as a throttle plate 17. The pressure regulating mechanism 15 is in particular operatively connected to the controller 13 and can be controlled by this controller, in particular for implementing power regulation or torque regulation of the internal combustion engine 1. In the embodiment shown here, an intercooler 19 is additionally arranged in the air path 3.

[0039] In particular, the internal combustion engine 1 has at least one parameter sensor 20, which parameter sensor is operatively connected to the controller 13 and is provided for detecting the at least one operating parameter. In the embodiment shown here, the at least one parameter sensor 20 is in particular a pressure sensor and / or a temperature sensor.

[0040] The internal combustion engine 1 is operated in particular with fuel gas and is in particular configured as a gas engine.

[0041] The turbine 9 is in particular dimensioned larger than the turbine of an internal combustion engine of the same rated power, the controller of which, however, is not provided for controlling an electric motor on the basis of the at least one operating parameter, or which does not have such an electric motor. In particular, the turbine 9 is 5% to 10% larger.

[0042] Figure 2 There is shown a schematic illustration of an embodiment of a method for operating an internal combustion engine 1 according to Figure 1 the same.

[0043] Identical and functionally identical elements are provided with the same reference numerals in all the figures, so that reference is made in this respect to the foregoing description.

[0044] In a), a first embodiment of the method is shown, in which, as the at least one operating parameter, the actual power P of the internal combustion engine 1 is detected ist . In a comparison mechanism 21, the actual power P ist is subtracted from the target power P soll , thereby generating a power regulation deviation e P , which power regulation deviation is input into a computing mechanism 23. The computing mechanism 23 calculates a control parameter 25 for the electric motor 11, here in particular the drive power P P , on the basis of the power regulation deviation e A , and the converter 27 electrically connected to the electric motor 11 is controlled in particular by means of this control parameter. Preferably, at least one additional condition Z is additionally input into the computing mechanism 23. Here, if the at least one additional condition Z is not met, the control parameter 25 is in particular set to zero, that is to say the electric motor 11 is not controlled. In a preferred design, the computing mechanism 23 is a PID controller. Preferably, if the power regulation deviation e PIf it is zero or positive, the control parameter 25 is otherwise set to zero.

[0045] In another design, the control parameter 25 can be calculated based on the torque adjustment deviation of the internal combustion engine 1. Otherwise, it is completely similar to the illustration shown here for power.

[0046] In particular, only when the power adjustment deviation e P or the torque adjustment deviation e M is negative, that is, the required target power P soll or the required target torque is not currently provided, the control parameter 25 is calculated, or a value different from zero, especially a positive value, is assigned to the control parameter 25.

[0047] The at least one additional condition Z is particularly selected from the group consisting of: the load parameter of the internal combustion engine 1 indicates a high current load, and the current compressor speed of the compressor 5 is less than the maximum compressor speed. In particular, the following parameters are used as the load parameter, and the parameter is selected from the group consisting of: the opening position of the pressure regulating mechanism 15, especially the throttle plate 17, the rotational speed n of the internal combustion engine 1, and the torque M of the internal combustion engine 1.

[0048] In particular, only when the following is satisfied as the at least one additional condition Z: the pressure regulating mechanism 15 is fully opened, especially the throttle plate 17 arranged in the air path 3 is fully opened, is the electric motor 11 controlled.

[0049] In particular, only when - cumulatively - the two previously mentioned additional conditions Z are satisfied, is the electric motor 11 controlled.

[0050] In b), a second embodiment of the method is shown, where the ambient pressure p and ambient temperature T of the internal combustion engine 1 are used as the at least one operating parameter. In particular, the control parameter 25 for the electric motor 11, here again the drive power P, is read from the characteristic curve family 29 according to the ambient pressure p and ambient temperature T of the internal combustion engine 1 A . Only when the at least one additional condition Z is satisfied, is the control parameter 25 transmitted to the electric motor 11, especially the converter 27, by the logic mechanism 31.

[0051] Figure 3 Shows according to Figure 1 Of the internal combustion engine 1 and according to Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the functional mode of the method.

[0052] In particular, it is schematically shown here at which operating points of the internal combustion engine 1 the control is performed, that is, especially driving or supplying the electric motor 11 with the drive power P A Supply the electric motor 11.

[0053] Here, as already implemented previously, the criterion that is particularly used as the at least one additional condition is whether the load parameter of the internal combustion engine 1 indicates a high current load. As the load parameter, the torque M or the rotational speed n of the internal combustion engine 1 can particularly be used here, but in particular a combination of the torque M and the rotational speed n can also be used. A high load is particularly understood here as a load that is greater than a predetermined load limit value. Here, the predetermined load limit value can itself depend on at least one further parameter, which in particular can in turn characterize the density of the ambient air. In particular, the predetermined load limit value can be greater in the case of a higher density of the ambient air than in the case of a lower density of the ambient air, and vice versa.

[0054] Figure 3 Now, a diagram of the operating state of the internal combustion engine 1 is shown, which is spanned by the rotational speed n plotted on the abscissa and the torque M plotted on the ordinate of the internal combustion engine 1. In addition, three limit curves G1, G2, and G3 are plotted, which are used as load limit curves in the sense of load limit values. Here, above the respective currently effective limit curves of the limit curves G1, G2, G3, the additional condition is satisfied, namely: the load parameter indicates a high current load, while below the currently effective limit curves G1, G2, G3, this additional condition is not satisfied. Thus, the electric motor 11 is only driven if the operating state of the internal combustion engine 1 is arranged above the currently effective limit curves G1, G2, G3. If the operating state is exactly on the currently effective limit curves G1, G2, G3, the electric motor 11 can be driven or not driven according to the design of the method. Which of the limit curves G1, G2, G3 is currently used as the effective limit curves G1, G2, G3 here depends on the density of the ambient air, in particular the ambient temperature and / or the ambient pressure. In the case of a low ambient temperature, for example, the first limit curve G1 can be used as the effective limit curve, while in the case of a medium ambient temperature, the second limit curve G2 is used as the effective limit curve, and wherein, in the case of a high ambient temperature, the third limit curve G3 is used as the effective limit curve. The lower the density of the ambient air or the higher the ambient temperature in the specifically described case, the wider the range in the operating state diagram in which the electric motor 11 is driven in a motor-driven manner.

[0055] However, as an additional option or alternative, which of the limit curves G1, G2, G3 is used as the currently effective limit curve can also depend on at least one further condition, such as for example the aging or wear of the turbine or compressor, the degree of contamination of the air filter, and optionally further parameters that affect the boost pressure.

[0056] The target rotational speed n, which is also plotted in the diagram sollRelates to a determined rotational speed at which an internal combustion engine 1 operates when driving a synchronous machine operating in parallel with an electrical network.

Claims

1. A method for operating an internal combustion engine (1), the internal combustion engine having: a compressor (5) arranged in an air path (3), the compressor being used to compress ambient air flowing along the air path (3) of the internal combustion engine (1); a turbine (9) arranged in an exhaust gas path (7) and drivingly connected to the compressor (5); and an electric motor (11), wherein, The electric motor (11) is drivingly connected to the compressor (5), wherein, - at least one operating parameter is detected, which characterizes the density of the ambient air of the internal combustion engine (1), and wherein, - the electric motor (11) is controlled based on the at least one operating parameter.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein, If the density of the ambient air can be inferred from the at least one operating parameter to be less than a predetermined limit density, the electric motor (11) is controlled to drive the compressor (5).

3. The method according to claim 2, wherein If the density of the ambient air can be inferred from the at least one operating parameter to at least correspond to the predetermined limit density, the electric motor (11) is at least not controlled in a motor-driven manner.

4. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein, The drive power of the electric motor (11) is selected based on the at least one operating parameter.

5. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein, At least one parameter, in particular a combination of parameters, is detected as the at least one operating parameter, wherein the at least one parameter is selected from the group consisting of: the actual power of the internal combustion engine (1), in particular compared to the target power of the internal combustion engine (1), the actual torque of the internal combustion engine (1), in particular compared to the target torque of the internal combustion engine (1), the ambient temperature of the internal combustion engine (1), and the ambient pressure of the internal combustion engine (1).

6. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein, The drive power of the electric motor (11) is selected based on the regulation deviation of the power or torque of the internal combustion engine (1).

7. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein, The drive power of the electric motor (11) is selected, in particular read from a characteristic curve family, based on the ambient pressure and ambient temperature of the internal combustion engine (1).

8. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein, The electric motor (11) is only controlled when at least one additional condition is additionally met, wherein the at least one additional condition is in particular selected from the group consisting of: the load parameter of the internal combustion engine (1) indicates a high current load, and the current compressor speed of the compressor (5) is less than the maximum compressor speed of the compressor (5).

9. A controller (13) for an internal combustion engine (1), which is configured to perform the method according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

10. An internal combustion engine (1), having: - a compressor (5) arranged in the air path (3) of the internal combustion engine (1), which is configured to compress the ambient air flowing along the air path (3), - a turbine (9) arranged in the exhaust gas path (7) and drivingly connected to the compressor (5), - an electric motor (11), which is drivingly connected to the compressor (5), and - a controller (13) which is operatively connected to the electric motor (11) and is configured to obtain at least one operating parameter which characterizes the density of the ambient air of the internal combustion engine (1), wherein, the controller (13) is further configured to control the electric motor (11) based on the at least one operating parameter.

11. The internal combustion engine (1) according to claim 10, wherein, The internal combustion engine (1) further has at least one parameter sensor (20), which is operatively connected to the controller (13) and is configured to detect the at least one operating parameter.

12. The internal combustion engine (1) according to any one of claims 10 or 11, wherein, The turbine (9) is larger, in particular 5% to 10% larger, than the turbine of an internal combustion engine (1) such as the following, and its controller (13) is not provided for controlling the electric motor (11) based on the at least one operating parameter, or it does not have such an electric motor (11).

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