Drainage hole with function of preventing blood vessel from adhering to wall

Abstract

The invention discloses a drainage hole with a function of preventing blood vessels from adhering to the wall. The drainage hole comprises a drainage hole body, an anti-injury block, a supporting ring, a drainage ditch and an arc-shaped cannula adhering face. A gap between every two adjacent damage blocks is a drainage ditch; each anti-damage block consists of an anti-damage table, an access slope, an access arc, an anti-damage arc I and an anti-damage arc II, wherein the anti-damage table is positioned at the upper part of the anti-damage block; the access slope is located outside the anti-damage block; the access arc is in transition connection between the access slope and the anti-damage table; the anti-damage arc I is positioned on the inner side of the anti-damage block; the anti-damage arcs II are located on the two sides of the anti-damage block. According to the invention, the drainage holes can be effectively prevented from being blocked by endangium, so that the following problems are avoided: the treatment effect is reduced or even interrupted due to sudden drop of drainage amount, and the life of a patient is endangered; due to the fact that drainage holes are blocked by endangium, the endangium is injured due to the high pressure difference between intravascular equipment and extracorporeal equipment; endovascular injury generates thrombus which endangers the life of a patient.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of intubation drainage holes of medical devices such as ECMO, and relates to a drainage hole with a function of preventing blood vessel wall adhesion. Background Art

[0002] Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is an important treatment method for supporting the respiration and circulation of patients with severe cardiopulmonary failure through an extracorporeal circulation device, and is a top technology representing the level of critical care emergency. With the wide use of ECMO devices, during the blood drainage process, the intima of the blood vessel often closely adheres to the drainage hole of the intubation, causing congestion and damage to the intima of the blood vessel under the action of drainage negative pressure, and it is extremely easy to form thrombus, endangering the life of the patient. In addition, once the intima of the blood vessel adheres to the drainage hole of the ECMO intubation during the treatment process, it will hinder the ECMO device from extracting the blood volume in the blood vessel, resulting in a significant decrease in the extracorporeal circulation flow rate, leading to the interruption of treatment and even affecting the life of the patient.

[0003] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the distribution of existing drainage holes on the outer wall of the intubation. The right side in the figure is the main guiding hole for intubation blood drainage. The drainage holes are arranged in sequence from the main guiding hole of intubation blood drainage to the left. Currently, the drainage holes of the intubation are basically four drainage holes orthogonally arranged at equal intervals on the outer wall of the intubation. There is no height difference between the drainage hole and the outer wall of the intubation and they have the same thickness as the intubation tube wall. When the drainage volume is large, the intima of the blood vessel will cause the blood vessel wall to radially contract inward under the action of the negative pressure inside the intubation, increasing the probability of the occurrence of the wall adhesion effect. Also, due to the lack of height difference between the drainage hole and the outer wall of the intubation, when the drainage volume is large, the intima of the blood vessel will closely adhere to the outer wall of the intubation to form a wall adhesion phenomenon under the action of the negative pressure inside the intubation. At this time, the drainage hole will be blocked by the intima of the blood vessel. Since there is no height difference between the drainage hole and the outer wall of the intubation and they have the same thickness as the intubation tube wall, when the wall adhesion effect occurs, the intima of the blood vessel blocking the drainage hole will be stuffed into the drainage hole under the action of pressure. The wall of the drainage hole is relatively thin and will cut the intima of the blood vessel when stuffed by the intima of the blood vessel, causing damage. The damaged intima of the blood vessel is prone to form thrombus, endangering the life of the patient.

[0004] How to optimize the structure and distribution of the intubation drainage holes of medical devices such as ECMO, improve the drainage efficiency and avoid the phenomenon of intima of the blood vessel wall adhesion, and fundamentally avoid the occurrence of blood drainage obstruction, intima of the blood vessel damage and thrombus formation has become an urgent problem to be solved in intubation drainage. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a drainage hole with a function of preventing blood vessel wall adhesion, which can effectively avoid the phenomenon of intima of the blood vessel wall adhesion, and fundamentally avoid the occurrence of blood drainage obstruction, intima of the blood vessel damage and thrombus formation.

[0006] The technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: the drainage hole includes a drainage hole body 1, an anti-damage block 18, a support ring 8, a drainage groove 9 and an arc-shaped cannula fitting surface 10, and its characteristics are:

[0007] The support ring 8 has a drainage hole 1 at its center, four mutually spaced anti-damage blocks 18 evenly distributed on its upper part, and an arc-shaped cannula fitting surface 10 tightly combined with the outer wall of the cannula 15 on its lower part;

[0008] The gaps between the adjacent damaged blocks 18 are drainage grooves 9;

[0009] Each anti-damage block 18 is composed of an anti-damage platform 2, an entry and exit slope 3, an entry and exit arc 4, an anti-damage arc I 6, and an anti-damage arc II 7; wherein:

[0010] The anti-injury platform 2 is located on the upper part of the anti-injury block 18;

[0011] The access ramp 3 is located outside the damage prevention block 18;

[0012] The entry and exit arc 4 is a transition connection between the entry and exit slope 3 and the anti-injury platform 2;

[0013] The damage prevention arc I 6 is located inside the damage prevention block 18;

[0014] The damage prevention arc II 7 is located on both sides of the damage prevention block 18 .

[0015] The drainage hole 1 is a channel for guiding blood from a blood vessel into the cannula 15 . The diameter 11 of the drainage hole is three-quarters of the diameter 12 of the support ring, which is 1.5-6.0 mm.

[0016] The anti-injury platform 2 is designed to increase the drainage volume when the pressure in the cannula 15 is much lower than the blood pressure in the blood vessel. The high pressure difference between the inside and outside of the cannula 15 causes the vascular endothelium to adhere tightly to the anti-injury platform 2. At this time, the surface of the anti-injury platform 2 plays the role of supporting the vascular endothelium. The anti-injury platform 2 protrudes from the inside of the drainage hole to increase the surface area, which is beneficial for preventing damage to the vascular endothelium when adhesion occurs. At the same time, it is beneficial for blood to still have a drainage channel connected to the cannula 15 when adhesion occurs. The anti-injury platform height 14 can be selected to be of different heights to facilitate use with cannulas 15 of different specifications currently in use, such as 15, 17, 19, 21, and 23f. The range is 0.4 to 3.0 mm, so as to achieve smooth insertion and removal during medical operations and provide maximum drainage volume.

[0017] The entrance and exit slope 3 is designed to facilitate clinical operation and play a role in smooth operation when inserting and removing the cannula 15. In order to facilitate the operation of inserting and removing the blood vessel, the entrance and exit slope 3 is designed into a circular shape. The slope of the entrance and exit slope 3 is 20 to 45 degrees.

[0018] The access arc 4 is designed for easy clinical operation, which plays a role in smooth operation when inserting and removing the cannula 15; at the same time, when the wall attachment phenomenon occurs, the arc of the access arc 4 will not damage the vascular intima. The radius of curvature of the access arc 4 is 0.5 - 6.0 mm.

[0019] The function of the anti-injury chamfer 5 is that when the wall attachment phenomenon occurs, the arc of its circular chamfer will not damage the vascular intima. The radius of the anti-injury chamfer 5 is 0.3 - 1.5 mm.

[0020] The arc of the anti-damage arc I 6 can improve the efficiency of blood entering the cannula 15 from the drainage groove 9 when there is a large drainage volume. The radius of curvature of the anti-damage arc I 6 is 0.3 - 1.5 mm.

[0021] The function of the anti-damage arc II 7 is to prevent damage to the vascular intima when the cannula 15 is inserted and removed. At the same time, the arc of the anti-damage arc 7 can effectively prevent blood cells from being damaged due to violent collision with the anti-damage platform 2 during the process of blood being sucked into the cannula 15 from the blood vessel when there is a large drainage volume. The radius of curvature of the anti-damage arc II 7 is 0.5 - 4.5 mm.

[0022] The function of the support ring 8 is to use the outer wall of the circular cannula 15 for support, evenly dispersing the force of the entire structure to the outer wall of the cannula 15, ensuring the stability during the insertion and removal operations of the medical operation and the reliability during drainage. The width of the support ring 8 is about one-fourth of the diameter 12 of the support ring, approximately 0.5 - 3.0 mm. At the same time, the diameter 12 of the support ring is the maximum diameter of the combination of the present invention and the cannula 15, and its range is 2.0 - 8.0 mm.

[0023] The function of the drainage groove 9 is to guide the blood in the blood vessel into the cannula 15. When the wall attachment effect occurs, the vascular intima covers the upper surface of the anti-injury platform 2, but the elasticity of the blood vessel wall makes it impossible for the blood vessel wall to completely cover the four-direction vertical drainage grooves 9 and the whole of each drainage groove 9. At this time, the uncovered drainage grooves 9 and the uncovered parts of the drainage grooves 9 can still continue to guide the blood in the blood vessel into the cannula 15. Since there are always drainage grooves not covered by the vascular intima, there is always blood flowing from the blood vessel into the cannula 15, making the pressure difference between the inside of the cannula 15 and the inside of the blood vessel insufficient to reach the level of damaging the vascular intima, thereby reducing the destructive effect of the wall attachment phenomenon. The width of the drainage groove 9 should ensure that the elastic bending of the blood vessel wall cannot touch the bottom of the drainage groove when the wall attachment effect occurs. Based on the principle of fluid mechanics and the elastic simulation of the blood vessel wall and combined with the outer wall curvature of the common 15, 17, 19, 21, and 23f cannulas on the market at present, the width of the drainage groove 9 is 0.2 - 3.0 mm.

[0024] The arc-shaped intubation fitting surface 10 is the joint surface where the present invention is tightly combined with the outer wall of the intubation 15. Its purpose is to provide sufficient support strength and stability for the present invention. The surface curvature should meet the outer wall curvatures of the common 15, 17, 19, 21, and 23f intubations 15 in the current market, and the radius range of the curvature is 2-12 mm; the fitting surface height 13 is 0.4-1.5 mm.

[0025] With the above structure, when the present invention is used for drainage operations with equipment such as ECMO, it can effectively avoid the occurrence of the phenomenon that the drainage holes are blocked by the vascular intima, that is, the wall attachment phenomenon, and thus fundamentally avoid the occurrence of the following problems: 1. Due to the sudden drop in the drainage volume, the treatment effect deteriorates or even interrupts, endangering the life of the patient; 2. Due to the drainage holes being blocked by the vascular intima, the vascular intima is injured due to the high pressure difference between the inside of the blood vessel and the external equipment; 3. Thrombus is generated due to the injury of the vascular intima, endangering the life of the patient. Description of the Drawings

[0026] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the distribution of the existing drainage holes on the outer wall of the intubation;

[0027] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 3 is Figure 2 the bottom view of;

[0029] Figure 4 is Figure 2 the side view of;

[0030] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the distribution of the drainage holes of the present invention on the outer wall of the intubation.

[0031] In the figure: 1 drainage hole body; 2 anti-injury platform; 3 access slope; 4 access arc; 5 anti-injury chamfer;

[0032] 6 anti-injury arc I; 7 anti-injury arc II; 8 support ring; 9 drainage groove; 10 arc-shaped intubation fitting surface;

[0033] 11 drainage hole body diameter; 12 support ring diameter; 13 fitting surface height; 14 anti-injury platform height; 15 intubation; 16 drainage hole distribution distance; 17 main guiding hole of the intubation; 18 anti-injury block. Detailed Embodiment

[0034] As Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 shown, for the present invention - the drainage holes have a certain height and there is a height difference from the wall of the intubation 15. The height of the drainage holes has an obstructive effect during the surgical insertion and extraction. The structures of the access slope 3, the access arc 4, and the anti-injury arc II 7 reduce the obstructive effect during the surgical insertion and extraction of the intubation 15.

[0035] The maximum diameter of the cannula 15 inserted into the blood vessel is smaller than the diameter of the normal blood vessel. During normal surgery, the blood between the blood vessel intima and the anti-injury table 2 will be introduced into the cannula 15 through the drainage hole body 1 and the drainage groove 9. When the blood flows through the structure of the present invention, the radian of the anti-injury chamfer 5, the anti-injury arc I 6 and the anti-injury arc II 7 can effectively avoid the damage caused by the mutual collision of blood cells in the blood during high-speed movement and the collision of the three-dimensional structure of the present invention.

[0036] When the blood drainage volume increases, the blood vessel intima will closely adhere to the tabletop of the anti-injury table 2. At this time, a large amount of blood will still flow into the cannula 15 through the drainage groove 9 perpendicular to the tabletop of the anti-injury table 2. The drainage groove 9 is orthogonal to the tabletop of the anti-injury table 2, so it is not easily covered by the blood vessel intima. Due to the existence of the drainage groove 9, there is always a connected channel between the cannula 15 and the blood vessel. When the blood vessel intima closely adheres to the tabletop of the anti-injury table 2, the pressure difference between the inside of the blood vessel and the inside of the cannula 15 is much higher than that of using a common cannula. The high pressure difference makes the blood drainage volume of the present invention much higher than that of using a common cannula under the same usage conditions. According to theoretical calculations and experimental environment simulations, the blood drainage volume is 20% - 50% higher under the same conditions.

[0037] When the blood drainage volume further increases, the blood vessel intima will closely adhere to the tabletop of the anti-injury table 2 and sink into the drainage hole and the drainage groove 9. At this time, the radian of the anti-injury chamfer 5 and the access arc 4 can effectively protect the blood vessel intima from being cut and damaged. At the same time, the drainage groove 9 remains unobstructed, ensuring that the blood drainage will not be interrupted; it also ensures that the pressure borne by the blood vessel intima does not exceed the value that causes damage. The width and height design of the drainage groove 9 obtained through elastic mechanics calculations and experimental environment simulation experiments can meet the condition that the deformation of the blood vessel intima is not enough to cause the blockage of the drainage groove 9 under the normal usage parameter conditions.

[0038] The structure of the present invention can ensure that the blood vessel intima is not damaged through experimental simulation environment tests when the blood drainage volume is not higher than 12 L / Min. Currently, the normal surgical blood drainage volume is about 3 - 10 L / Min.

[0039] Such as Figure 5As shown, the drainage holes of the present invention are 1 to N in number and are distributed on the drainage hole distribution distance 16 of the cannula 15. They are spaced at a certain distance and are spirally distributed. When the present invention is in use, the part of the cannula 15 inserted into the blood vessel should at least include the position from the main guiding hole 17 of the cannula to the Nth drainage hole, that is, the main guiding hole 17 of the cannula to the Nth drainage hole should all enter the interior of the blood vessel. The distribution angle interval of the drainage holes of the present invention along the radial direction of the cannula 15 is 40 to 60°, and the spiral distribution angle of the N drainage holes of the present invention is 360 to 480°, that is, spirally 1 to 1.3 turns along the radial direction of the cannula 15. The value of N is 9 to 13; for example: when the angular value of the equal-angle distribution along the radial direction of the cannula 15 is 40°, the value of N is 13; when the angular value of the equal-angle distribution along the radial direction of the cannula 15 is 60°, the value of N is 9. The value of N is required to satisfy that the radial coverage range of the cannula 15 is 360 to 480° within the value of the drainage hole distribution distance 16. Since the drainage holes of the present invention are spirally distributed, the cannula 15 has drainage holes with the function of preventing blood vessel wall adhesion around its axis, ensuring that there are drainage holes for blood in all directions outside the cannula 15 to introduce it into the cannula 15.

[0040] The so-called drainage hole distribution distance 16 refers to the distance from the main guiding hole 17 of the cannula to the drainage hole farthest from the main guiding hole 17 of the cannula (i.e., the Nth one). The drainage hole distribution distance 16 is different for different models of cannulas 15, and the distance range is 40 to 400 mm.

Claims

1. A drainage hole with a function of preventing blood vessel adhesion, characterized in that: The drainage hole includes a drainage hole body (1), an anti-injury block (18), a support ring (8), a drainage groove (9), and an arc-shaped intubation fitting surface (10); A drainage hole body (1) is provided at the center position of the support ring (8), four anti-injury blocks (18) are evenly distributed at the upper part, and an arc-shaped intubation fitting surface (10) that is closely combined with the outer wall of the intubation (15) is provided at the lower part; The interval gap between adjacent anti-injury blocks (18) is the drainage groove (9); Each anti-injury block (18) is composed of an anti-injury platform (2), an access slope (3), an access arc (4), an anti-injury arc I (6), and an anti-injury arc II (7); among them: The anti-injury platform (2) is located at the upper part of the anti-injury block (18); The access slope (3) is located on the outer side of the anti-injury block (18); The access arc (4) is a transitional connection between the access slope (3) and the anti-injury platform (2); The anti-injury arc I (6) is located on the inner side of the anti-injury block (18); The anti-injury arc II (7) is located on both sides of the anti-injury block (18).

2. The drainage hole with the function of preventing blood vessel adhesion according to claim 1, characterized in that: The diameter (11) of the drainage hole body is three-quarters of the diameter (12) of the support ring, and is 1.5 - 6.0 mm; the height (14) of the anti-injury platform is 0.4 - 3.0 mm; the slope of the access slope (3) is 20 - 45°; the radian radius of the access arc (4) is 0.5 - 6.0 mm; the radius of the anti-injury chamfer (5) is 0.3 - 1.5 mm; the radian radius of the anti-injury arc I (6) is 0.3 - 1.5 mm; the radian radius of the anti-injury arc II (7) is 0.5 - 4.5 mm; the width of the drainage groove (9) is 0.2 - 3.0 mm.

3. The drainage hole with the function of preventing blood vessel adhesion according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The width of the support ring (8) is one-quarter of the diameter (12) of the support ring, and is 0.5 - 3.0 mm; the maximum diameter at which the support ring diameter (12) is combined with the intubation (15) ranges from 2.0 to 8.0 mm.

4. The drainage hole with the function of preventing blood vessel adhesion according to claim 1, wherein: The radian radius range of the arc-shaped intubation fitting surface (10) is 2 - 12 mm; the fitting surface height (13) is 0.4 - 1.5 mm.

5. The drainage hole with the function of preventing blood vessel adhesion according to claim 1, characterized in that: The 1 - N multiple ones are distributed on the drainage hole distribution distance (16) of the intubation (15), and they are distributed in a spiral shape, and the distribution distance ranges from 40 to 400 mm.

6. The drainage hole with the function of preventing blood vessel adhesion according to claim 5, characterized in that: The distribution angle interval along the radial direction of the intubation (15) is 40 - 60°, and the spiral distribution angle of N is 360 - 480°, that is, it spirals 1 - 1.3 weeks along the radial direction of the intubation (15); the value of N is 9 - 13.

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