A combined machine tool for machining mechanical parts and a machining method thereof

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of mechanical parts processing, and discloses: a combination machine tool for mechanical parts processing and a processing method thereof, comprising a combination machine tool body, a multi-axis movable column connected to the combination machine tool body, a multi-station processing table connected to the front side of the multi-axis movable column, a tool changing tool holder connected to one side of the multi-axis movable column, a tool mounting column connected to the multi-axis movable column, and a replaceable tool mounted at the bottom of the tool mounting column. By arranging a pair of symmetrical detection rods on the outside of the tool mounting column and the replaceable tool, and cooperating with a laser rangefinder, the wear condition of the tool can be quickly evaluated after processing, and the gear ring is rotated by the driving member, thereby driving the detection rod to rotate. This process realizes the rapid detection of the tool wear status. This method can effectively avoid the production of batch defective products due to the failure to detect tool wear in time, help ensure the consistency and stability of product quality, and improve the overall efficiency and economic benefits of the production line.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of mechanical parts processing, in particular to a modular machine tool for mechanical parts processing and a processing method thereof. Background Art

[0002] As the manufacturing industry shifts towards efficiency and precision, multi-station modular machine tools utilize a process-intensive design, utilizing a rotating turntable to precisely align parts at each station with the corresponding tool spindles. These spindles seamlessly collaborate with the tool library and automatic tool changing technology based on system instructions, enabling fast and accurate tool changes and ensuring accurate positioning of the spindles over the corresponding stations after each tool change. This machine integrates multiple machining functions, such as drilling and milling, onto a single turntable platform. Leveraging advanced CNC systems and an automatic tool changing mechanism, the entire machining process can be completed with a single workpiece clamping, significantly improving production efficiency and machining accuracy.

[0003] For example, the patent publication number CN103921118A discloses a vertical and horizontal composite multi-station combination machine tool for a crankcase, which includes: a base, a hydraulic rotary table and a rotary table extension plate installed on the base, a cooling and chip removal system, a lubrication system, a hydraulic press and an electrical system connected to the hydraulic rotary table.

[0004] While the aforementioned device solves the problem of positioning errors during clamping, it still suffers from the following drawback: wear and tear are inevitable during tool use. The current method involves stopping the machine for inspection after the tool has been running for a period of time. However, this fails to monitor tool wear in real time during machining. Consequently, quality issues are often discovered only after the part has been machined, failing to meet quality requirements. This delay not only impacts production efficiency but can also lead to batches of scrapped parts, increasing production costs and wasting resources. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a modular machine tool for machining mechanical parts and a machining method thereof, so as to solve the problems raised in the background art and enable rapid detection of the degree of wear of the tool.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a modular machine tool for machining mechanical parts, comprising a modular machine tool body, a multi-axis movable column connected to the modular machine tool body, a multi-station machining table connected to the front side of the multi-axis movable column, a tool changer tool holder connected to one side of the multi-axis movable column, a tool mounting column connected to the multi-axis movable column, and a replaceable tool mounted at the bottom of the tool mounting column, wherein a fixing ring is fixedly mounted at the bottom of the tool mounting column, a gear ring is rotatably connected to the outer side of the fixing ring, two symmetrically arranged detection rods are connected to the bottom surface of the gear ring, laser rangefinders are fixedly mounted on the inner walls of the two detection rods, the two laser rangefinders are connected to the control system of the modular machine tool body, the gear ring is coaxial with the replaceable tool, the two laser rangefinders are symmetrically arranged on the outer side of the replaceable tool, a mounting shell is fixedly mounted on the outer side of the tool mounting column, and a driving member is connected inside the mounting shell.

[0007] Furthermore, the driving component includes a motor, and the motor is fixedly mounted on the top surface of the inner wall of the mounting shell. The output end of the motor is fixedly connected to a gear, and the gear is meshed with the gear ring.

[0008] Furthermore, a lifting assembly is connected to the bottom of the gear ring, and the lifting assembly includes a supporting ring, which is located on the bottom surface of the two detection rods. A side block is fixedly connected to one side of the outer wall of the supporting ring, and a mounting frame is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the tool mounting column. A multi-stage electric push rod is fixed in the mounting frame, and the output end of the multi-stage electric push rod is fixedly connected to the side block. The top of the detection rod is T-shaped, and a step groove is opened on the gear ring. The detection rod is located in the step groove and is slidably connected to it.

[0009] Furthermore, a cleaning assembly is connected to the supporting ring, and the cleaning assembly includes multiple nozzles, which are fixedly mounted on the inner wall of the supporting ring and arranged at an angle. The outer wall of the supporting ring is fixedly connected to a connecting pipe, the top of the connecting pipe is fixedly connected to an arc pipe, the middle section of the connecting pipe is a telescopic pipe, the top of the arc pipe is fixedly connected to an external pipe, the end of the external pipe is externally connected to a high-pressure coolant device, and the external pipe is connected to the arc pipe, the connecting pipe, the telescopic pipe, the supporting ring and multiple nozzles through the external high-pressure coolant device.

[0010] Furthermore, a fixing bracket is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the arc tube, and the fixing bracket is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the tool mounting column.

[0011] Furthermore, an annular groove is provided on the outer wall of the fixing ring, and a sliding block fixedly connected to the inner wall of the gear ring is slidably connected in the annular groove.

[0012] Furthermore, two baffles for shielding the laser rangefinder are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the fixing ring, and the two baffles are symmetrically arranged.

[0013] A processing method based on the above-mentioned modular machine tool for machining mechanical parts comprises the following steps:

[0014] S1: When the modular machine tool is working, the replaceable tool rotates on its own axis under the control of the tool mounting column. The tool mounting column realizes multi-axis movement under the coordinated control of the multi-axis moving column and the control system of the modular machine tool, and performs a full range of processing operations on the mechanical parts on the multi-station processing table;

[0015] S2: When the replaceable tool needs to be replaced, the multi-axis moving column drives the tool mounting column to rise and move closer to the tool changer. During the movement, the motor starts, driving the gear to rotate and engage with the gear ring, driving the two detection rods to rotate, causing the two laser rangefinders to rotate and detect the axis of the replaceable tool that has not been replaced, and the detection data is fed back to the control system of the modular machine tool body;

[0016] S3: Before the detection rod rotates for detection, the multi-stage electric push rod is started first, pushing the side block and the supporting ring to move at the same time, the supporting ring drops, the detection rod loses the support of the supporting ring, and slides down in the step groove under the action of gravity. When the multi-stage electric push rod drops to the set position, the detection rod just drops to the two sides of the replaceable tool. At this time, the motor is started, and its output shaft rotates to drive the gear to rotate. The gear engages with the gear ring, driving the two detection rods on the gear ring to rotate. The two detection rods rotate around the replaceable tool, allowing the laser rangefinder to perform annular detection on the replaceable tool.

[0017] S4: As the support ring descends, the nozzle on the support ring descends simultaneously. With the extension of the telescopic tube, the support ring descends smoothly. An external high-pressure coolant device sprays high-pressure coolant to clean the iron chips on the outside of the replaceable tool before testing, ensuring the accuracy of subsequent testing.

[0018] S5: After the detection rod rotates for detection, the motor stops rotating, the gear ring stops rotating, and the detection rod stops rotating. At this time, the multi-stage electric push rod moves, driving the supporting ring to rise. The supporting ring is just below the detection rod. As the supporting ring rises, it gradually contacts the bottom surface of the detection rod, causing the detection rod to slide up in the step groove, exposing the replaceable tool, and completing a detection action.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0020] This modular machine tool for machining mechanical parts incorporates a pair of symmetrical detection rods on the outside of the tool mounting column and replaceable tool, combined with a laser rangefinder. This allows for rapid assessment of tool wear after machining. A drive element rotates the gear ring, which in turn rotates the detection rods, enabling rapid detection of tool wear. This method effectively avoids batch defective products due to untimely detection of tool wear, helping to ensure consistent and stable product quality while improving the overall efficiency and economic benefits of the production line.

[0021] This modular machine tool for machining mechanical parts realizes the lifting and lowering of the detection rod in the gear ring through the mutual cooperation of a multi-stage electric push rod, a supporting ring, a step groove and a side block. At the same time, it ensures that the detection rod rotates to realize detection. It can not only realize the smooth rotation of the detection rod, but also make the detection rod rise. The raised detection rod will not hinder the normal operation of the tool and the freedom of tool changing. At the same time, the detection rod is in a higher position after rising, which can also play a certain protective role for the laser rangefinder.

[0022] This combination machine tool used for machining mechanical parts uses the cooperation of a nozzle and multiple pipes to clean the iron chips on the outside of the replaceable tool before testing, ensuring accuracy during subsequent testing. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the combined machine tool body of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the multi-axis movable column and the multi-station processing table of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the tool mounting column, replaceable tool and gear ring of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the tool mounting column, gear ring and detection rod of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the gear ring and gear of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the detection rod, laser rangefinder and supporting ring of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional cross-sectional structure of the local state of the gear ring of the present invention.

[0030] In the figure: 1. Modular machine tool body; 2. Multi-axis movable column; 3. Tool changer; 4. Tool mounting column; 5. Multi-station machining table; 6. Detection rod; 7. Changeable tool; 8. Gear ring; 9. Mounting shell; 10. Arc tube; 11. Laser rangefinder; 12. Connecting pipe; 13. Support ring; 14. Nozzle; 15. Side block; 16. Multi-stage electric push rod; 17. Baffle; 18. Mounting frame; 19. Telescopic tube; 20. Motor; 21. Gear; 22. Fixed ring; 23. Fixed frame; 25. Step groove; 27. Annular groove; 28. Slider; 29. ​​External tube. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments.

[0032] See also Figure 1-Figure 7 A modular machine tool for machining mechanical parts comprises a modular machine tool body 1, a multi-axis movable column 2 connected to the modular machine tool body 1, a multi-station machining table 5 connected to the front side of the multi-axis movable column 2, a tool changing tool holder 3 connected to one side of the multi-axis movable column 2, a tool mounting column 4 connected to the multi-axis movable column 2, and a replaceable tool 7 mounted at the bottom of the tool mounting column 4. A fixing ring 22 is fixedly mounted on the bottom of the tool mounting column 4, a gear ring 8 is rotatably connected to the outer side of the fixing ring 22, two symmetrically arranged detection rods 6 are connected to the bottom surface of the gear ring 8, and a laser rangefinder 11 is fixedly mounted on the inner walls of the two detection rods 6. The two laser rangefinders 11 are connected to the control system of the modular machine tool body 1, the gear ring 8 is coaxial with the replaceable tool 7, and the two laser rangefinders 11 are symmetrically arranged on the outer side of the replaceable tool 7. A mounting shell 9 is fixedly mounted on the outer side of the tool mounting column 4, and a driving member is connected inside the mounting shell 9.

[0033] The present invention relates to a modular machine tool for machining mechanical parts. When the modular machine tool body 1 is in operation, a replaceable tool 7 rotates about its own axis under the control of a tool mounting column 4. The tool mounting column 4 is subjected to multi-axis movement by a multi-axis movable column 2 and a control system, thereby performing a full range of machining operations on the mechanical parts on a multi-station machining table 5.

[0034] When the replaceable tool 7 needs to be replaced, the multi-axis movable column 2 drives the tool mounting column 4 to rise and move closer to the tool changer 3. During the movement, the driving member is activated, driving the gear 21 to rotate and engage with the gear ring 8, driving the two detection rods 6 to rotate, so that the two laser rangefinders 11 rotate and detect about the axis of the replaceable tool 7 that has not been replaced, and the detected data can be fed back to the control system of the modular machine tool body 1;

[0035] If the detected data differs from the pre-set value and reaches a certain threshold, the staff can be reminded through alarms and other means to replace or repair the tool;

[0036] By installing a pair of symmetrical detection rods 6 on the outside of the tool mounting column 4 and the replaceable tool 7, and using a laser rangefinder 11, the wear of the tool can be quickly assessed after machining. A driver rotates the gear ring 8, which in turn rotates the detection rods 6. This process enables rapid detection of tool wear. This method effectively avoids batch defective products caused by untimely detection of tool wear, helps ensure consistent and stable product quality, and improves the overall efficiency and economic benefits of the production line.

[0037] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the driving part includes a motor 20, and the motor 20 is fixedly installed on the top surface of the inner wall of the mounting shell 9. The output end of the motor 20 is fixedly connected to a gear 21, and the gear 21 is meshed with the gear ring 8.

[0038] Specifically, when the detection rod 6 needs to rotate, the motor 20 can be started, and its output shaft drives the gear 21 to rotate, and the gear 21 engages the gear ring 8 to rotate. When the gear ring 8 rotates, it drives the two detection rods 6 to rotate and perform circumferential detection around the replaceable tool 7.

[0039] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, a lifting assembly is connected to the bottom of the gear ring 8, and the lifting assembly includes a supporting ring 13. The supporting ring 13 is located on the bottom surface of the two detection rods 6. A side block 15 is fixedly connected to one side of the outer wall of the supporting ring 13, and a mounting frame 18 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the tool mounting column 4. A multi-stage electric push rod 16 is fixedly installed in the mounting frame 18, and the output end of the multi-stage electric push rod 16 is fixedly connected to the side block 15. The top of the detection rod 6 is T-shaped, and a step groove 25 is opened on the gear ring 8. The detection rod 6 is located in the step groove 25 and is slidably connected to it.

[0040] Specifically, when the replaceable tool 7 is working to punch or drill a hole, the detection rod 6 is pulled by the support ring 13 to be in an upward state, that is, the two detection rods 6 are respectively attached to the outer wall of the tool mounting column 4, and the support ring 13 holds the two detection rods 6 close to the bottom surface of the gear ring 8. This arrangement ensures that the replaceable tool 7 will not be hindered by the detection rod 6 during operation, ensuring that the replaceable tool 7 can process the mechanical parts;

[0041] When the detection rod 6 needs to be inspected, that is, when the tool mounting column 4 rises and moves close to the tool change tool holder 3, the multi-stage electric push rod 16 is actuated, and its output shaft pushes the side block 15 and the supporting ring 13 downward. When the supporting ring 13 descends, the detection rod 6 slides downward in the step groove 25 under the action of its own gravity, so that the laser rangefinder 11 on the inner wall of the detection rod 6 is just facing the outer side of the replaceable tool 7. Here, the position of the supporting ring 13 after it descends will leave a certain gap with the bottom surface of the detection rod 6, so as to prevent the detection rod 6 from rubbing against the supporting ring 13 when rotating;

[0042] When the supporting ring 13 descends to the set position, the motor 20 rotates to drive the gear 21 to engage with the gear ring 8, thereby realizing the surrounding detection of the replaceable tool 7 by the detection rod 6 and the laser rangefinder 11.

[0043] It should be noted that the support ring 13 here descends to the set position, which means that the extension distance of the multi-stage electric push rod 16 can be preset by the control system of the combined machine tool body 1. Since the length of the detection rod 6 is fixed, the distance it slides down on the gear ring 8 is also fixed. Therefore, the distance the multi-stage electric push rod 16 is pushed out can be greater than the distance the detection rod 6 slides from the gear ring 8. This can prevent the detection rod 6 from rubbing against the support ring 13 during rotation.

[0044] Through the mutual cooperation of the multi-stage electric push rod 16, the supporting ring 13, the step groove 25 and the side block 15, the detection rod 6 can be raised and lowered in the gear ring 8, which can ensure that the replaceable tool 7 will not be hindered by the detection rod 6 during work, ensuring that the replaceable tool 7 can process the mechanical parts, and the detection rod 6 after rising is in a higher position, which can also play a certain protective role for the laser rangefinder 11.

[0045] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, a cleaning assembly is connected to the supporting ring 13, and the cleaning assembly includes a plurality of nozzles 14. The plurality of nozzles 14 are fixedly mounted on the inner wall of the supporting ring 13 and are arranged at an angle. The outer wall of the supporting ring 13 is fixedly connected to a connecting pipe 12, and the top of the connecting pipe 12 is fixedly connected to an arc tube 10. The middle end of the connecting pipe 12 is a telescopic tube 19, and the top of the arc tube 10 is fixedly connected to an external tube 29. The end of the external tube 29 is externally connected to a high-pressure coolant device. The external tube 29 is connected to the arc tube 10, the connecting pipe 12, the telescopic tube 19, the supporting ring 13 and the plurality of nozzles 14 through the external high-pressure coolant device.

[0046] Specifically, during the descent of the support ring 13, the nozzles 14 of the support ring 13 also descend. As the telescopic tube 19 extends, the support ring 13 drives the nozzles 14 to descend smoothly. At this time, the external device starts to spray high-pressure coolant to clean the iron chips on the outside of the replaceable tool 7 before testing, ensuring the accuracy of subsequent testing.

[0047] In practical applications, the external high-pressure coolant can also be replaced by a high-pressure generator, that is, the external pipe 29 can also spray high-pressure gas to purge and clean the outside of the replaceable tool 7.

[0048] Through the cooperation of the nozzle 14 and the multiple pipelines, the iron filings on the outer side of the replaceable tool 7 before detection are cleaned in advance, thereby ensuring the accuracy of subsequent detection.

[0049] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, a fixing bracket 23 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the arc tube 10, and the fixing bracket 23 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the tool mounting column 4. The function of the fixing bracket 23 is to stably install the arc tube 10.

[0050] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, an annular groove 27 is formed on the outer wall of the fixing ring 22 , and a sliding block 28 fixedly connected to the inner wall of the gear ring 8 is slidably connected in the annular groove 27 .

[0051] Specifically, when the gear ring 8 rotates under the meshing of the gear 21, the slider 28 on the inner wall of the gear ring 8 rotates in the annular groove 27 on the outer wall of the fixed ring 22. This arrangement can facilitate the gear ring 8 to smoothly drive the detection rod 6 to rotate.

[0052] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, two baffles 17 are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the fixing ring 22 to shield the laser rangefinder 11. The two baffles 17 are symmetrically arranged. When the laser rangefinder 11 rises, it is blocked by the two baffles 17, which can enhance the protection of the laser rangefinder 11 lens when the replaceable tool 7 is in operation.

[0053] A processing method based on the above-mentioned modular machine tool for machining mechanical parts comprises the following steps:

[0054] S1: When the modular machine tool body 1 is working, the replaceable tool 7 rotates on its own axis under the control of the tool mounting column 4. The tool mounting column 4 realizes multi-axis movement under the coordinated control of the multi-axis moving column 2 and the control system of the modular machine tool body 1, and performs a full range of processing operations on the mechanical parts on the multi-station processing table 5;

[0055] S2: When the replaceable tool 7 needs to be replaced, the multi-axis movable column 2 drives the tool mounting column 4 to rise and move closer to the tool changer 3. During the movement, the motor 20 is started, driving the gear 21 to rotate and engage with the gear ring 8, driving the two detection rods 6 to rotate, causing the two laser rangefinders 11 to rotate and detect about the axis of the replaceable tool 7 that has not been replaced, and the detection data is fed back to the control system of the modular machine tool body 1;

[0056] S3: Before the detection rod 6 rotates for detection, the multi-stage electric push rod 16 is started first, pushing the side block 15 and the supporting ring 13 to move simultaneously, the supporting ring 13 drops, and the detection rod 6 loses the support of the supporting ring 13 and slides down in the step groove 25 under the action of gravity. When the multi-stage electric push rod 16 drops to the set position, the detection rod 6 just drops to the two sides of the replaceable tool 7. At this time, the motor 20 is started, and its output shaft rotates to drive the gear 21 to rotate. The gear 21 engages with the gear ring 8, driving the two detection rods 6 located on the gear ring 8 to rotate. The two detection rods 6 rotate around the replaceable tool 7, causing the laser rangefinder 11 to perform an annular detection on the replaceable tool 7;

[0057] S4: As the support ring 13 descends, the nozzle 14 on the support ring 13 descends simultaneously. With the extension of the telescopic tube 19, the support ring 13 descends smoothly. The external high-pressure coolant device is started to spray high-pressure coolant to clean the iron chips on the outside of the replaceable tool 7 before testing, ensuring the accuracy of subsequent testing.

[0058] S5: After the detection rod 6 rotates for detection, the motor 20 stops rotating, the gear ring 8 no longer rotates, and the detection rod 6 stops rotating. At this time, the multi-stage electric push rod 16 moves, driving the supporting ring 13 to rise. The supporting ring 13 is just below the detection rod 6. As the supporting ring 13 rises, it gradually contacts the bottom surface of the detection rod 6, causing the detection rod 6 to slide and rise in the step groove 25, exposing the replaceable tool 7, and completing a detection action.

[0059] In the above structure, the external equipment's high-pressure gas generator, high-pressure coolant, motor 20 and multi-stage electric push rod 16 are all existing mature technologies. The nozzle 14 can spray gas or liquid to clean the iron chips on the outside of the tool and ensure the accuracy of the detection.

[0060] While embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations may be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, and that the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A modular machine tool for machining mechanical parts, comprising a modular machine tool body (1), a multi-axis movable column (2) connected to the modular machine tool body (1), a multi-station machining table (5) connected to the front side of the multi-axis movable column (2), a tool changer (3) connected to one side of the multi-axis movable column (2), a tool mounting column (4) connected to the multi-axis movable column (2), and a replaceable tool (7) mounted on the bottom of the tool mounting column (4), characterized in that: A fixing ring (22) is fixedly mounted on the bottom of the tool mounting column (4), a gear ring (8) is rotatably connected to the outside of the fixing ring (22), two symmetrically arranged detection rods (6) are connected to the bottom surface of the gear ring (8), the inner walls of the two detection rods (6) are fixedly mounted with laser rangefinders (11), the two laser rangefinders (11) are connected to the control system of the combined machine tool body (1), the gear ring (8) is coaxial with the replaceable tool (7), the two laser rangefinders (11) are symmetrically arranged on the outside of the replaceable tool (7), a mounting shell (9) is fixedly mounted on the outside of the tool mounting column (4), and a driving member is connected to the inside of the mounting shell (9); The driving member comprises a motor (20), the motor (20) is fixedly mounted on the top surface of the inner wall of the mounting shell (9), the output end of the motor (20) is fixedly connected to a gear (21), and the gear (21) is meshedly connected to the gear ring (8); A lifting assembly is connected below the gear ring (8), and the lifting assembly includes a supporting ring (13), the supporting ring (13) is located on the bottom surface of the two detection rods (6), and a side block (15) is fixedly connected to one side of the outer wall of the supporting ring (13), and the outer wall of the tool mounting column (4) is fixedly connected to a mounting frame (18), and a multi-stage electric push rod (16) is fixedly arranged in the mounting frame (18), and the output end of the multi-stage electric push rod (16) is fixedly connected to the side block (15), and the top of the detection rod (6) is T-shaped, and a step groove (25) is opened on the gear ring (8), and the detection rod (6) is located in the step groove (25) and is slidably connected thereto; The supporting ring (13) is connected to a cleaning assembly, which includes a plurality of nozzles (14). The plurality of nozzles (14) are fixedly mounted on the inner wall of the supporting ring (13) and are arranged at an angle. The outer wall of the supporting ring (13) is fixedly connected to a connecting pipe (12). The top of the connecting pipe (12) is fixedly connected to an arc tube (10). The middle section of the connecting pipe (12) is a telescopic pipe (19). The top of the arc tube (10) is fixedly connected to an external pipe (29). The end of the external pipe (29) is externally connected to a high-pressure coolant device. The external pipe (29) is connected to the arc tube (10), the connecting pipe (12), the telescopic pipe (19), the supporting ring (13) and the plurality of nozzles (14) through the external high-pressure coolant device.

2. A modular machine tool for machining mechanical parts according to claim 1, characterized in that: A fixing frame (23) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the arc-shaped tube (10), and the fixing frame (23) is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the tool mounting column (4).

3. A modular machine tool for machining mechanical parts according to claim 2, characterized in that: An annular groove (27) is formed on the outer wall of the fixing ring (22), and a sliding block (28) fixedly connected to the inner wall of the gear ring (8) is slidably connected in the annular groove (27).

4. A modular machine tool for machining mechanical parts according to claim 3, characterized in that: Two baffles (17) for shielding the laser rangefinder (11) are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the fixing ring (22), and the two baffles (17) are symmetrically arranged.

5. The processing method of the modular machine tool for machining mechanical parts according to claim 4, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1: When the combined machine tool body (1) is working, the replaceable tool (7) rotates on its own axis under the control of the tool mounting column (4), and the tool mounting column (4) realizes multi-axis movement under the coordinated control of the multi-axis moving column (2) and the control system of the combined machine tool body (1), and performs a full range of processing operations on the mechanical parts on the multi-station processing table (5); S2: When the replaceable tool (7) needs to be replaced, the multi-axis moving column (2) drives the tool mounting column (4) to rise and approach the tool changing tool holder (3). During the movement, the motor (20) is started, driving the gear (21) to rotate and engage with the gear ring (8), driving the two detection rods (6) to rotate, so that the two laser rangefinders (11) rotate around the axis of the replaceable tool (7) that has not been replaced, and feed back the detected data to the control system of the combined machine tool body (1); S3: Before the detection rod (6) rotates for detection, the multi-stage electric push rod (16) is started first, pushing the side block (15) and the supporting ring (13) to move and descend at the same time, driving the side block (15) and the supporting ring (13) to move at the same time, the supporting ring (13) to descend, the detection rod (6) loses the support of the supporting ring (13), and slides and descends in the step groove (25) under the action of gravity. When the multi-stage electric push rod (16) descends to the set position, the detection rod (6) just descends to the two sides of the replaceable tool (7). At this time, the motor (20) is started, and its output shaft rotates to drive the gear (21) to rotate. The gear (21) engages with the gear ring (8), driving the two detection rods (6) located on the gear ring (8) to rotate. The two detection rods (6) rotate around the replaceable tool (7), so that the laser rangefinder (11) performs an annular detection on the replaceable tool (7); S4: During the descending process of the support ring (13), the nozzle (14) on the support ring (13) descends simultaneously. Under the extension of the telescopic tube (19), the support ring (13) descends smoothly. The external high-pressure coolant device is started to spray high-pressure coolant to clean the iron chips on the outer side of the replaceable tool (7) before the test, so as to ensure the accuracy of the subsequent test; S5: After the detection rod (6) rotates and detects, the motor (20) stops rotating, the gear ring (8) stops rotating, and the detection rod (6) stops rotating. At this time, the multi-stage electric push rod (16) moves, driving the supporting ring (13) to rise. The supporting ring (13) is just below the detection rod (6). As the supporting ring (13) rises, it gradually contacts the bottom surface of the detection rod (6), causing the detection rod (6) to slide and rise in the step groove (25), exposing the replaceable tool (7), and completing a detection action.

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