Electric bicycle power supply based on distributed series topology

Abstract

The invention discloses an electric bicycle power supply based on distributed series topology, which comprises a plurality of lithium battery boxes connected in series, a plurality of lithium battery cells are arranged in each lithium battery box, at least two lithium battery cells are connected in parallel to form a lithium battery cell group, at least two lithium battery cell groups are connected in series, and the lithium battery cells are connected in series. The lithium battery boxes form a total output loop of the power supply in the mode that the positive electrode of one lithium battery box is electrically connected with the negative electrode of the next lithium battery box, and the series connection ends of the lithium battery boxes serve as the total positive electrode output end and the total negative electrode output end of the power supply respectively so as to be used for supplying power to the electric bicycle. A high-voltage direct-current power supply required by a driving motor of the electric bicycle is finally formed through the distributed series connection structure, the total output voltage can be flexibly adjusted by increasing or decreasing the number of the lithium battery boxes, and meanwhile the specific lithium battery boxes can be conveniently and rapidly replaced when local faults occur through the modular design. And the reliability and the maintenance convenience of the power supply system are obviously improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of electric bicycle power supply, and in particular to an electric bicycle power supply based on a distributed series topology. Background Art

[0002] With the popularity of electric bicycles in commuting, logistics and distribution scenarios, lithium batteries have become the mainstream power source in the industry due to their high energy density (generally reaching more than 200Wh / kg) and long cycle life (more than 2000 charge and discharge cycles). However, traditional single-cell integrated lithium battery systems have significant technical bottlenecks. For example, Chinese patent CN221379622U discloses a lithium battery for electric bicycles, in which the main battery pack and the backup battery pack are integrated into one. The main battery pack serves as the power source for the daily use of the electric bicycle, and the backup battery pack serves as an auxiliary power source for providing emergency power and heating power for the heating membrane. The inventors of this application found that the lithium battery in the above-mentioned prior art has an overall packaging structure that limits the scalability of the battery pack capacity and voltage, and users cannot flexibly adjust the energy configuration according to actual working conditions. When some lithium battery cells age or are damaged, the battery pack needs to be replaced as a whole, resulting in a waste of resources and a surge in maintenance costs. Therefore, as the "Safety Technical Specifications for Lithium-ion Storage for Electric Bicycles" put forward clear requirements for battery maintainability, it is urgent to improve the flexibility and sustainability of the system through modular reconstruction. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In view of the above-mentioned prior art, the present invention provides an electric bicycle power supply based on a distributed series topology, which mainly solves the technical problems existing in the above-mentioned background technology.

[0004] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the technical solution of the embodiment of the present invention is implemented as follows:

[0005] An electric bicycle power supply based on a distributed series topology includes multiple lithium battery boxes connected in series.

[0006] Each lithium battery box is provided with a plurality of lithium battery cells, at least two lithium battery cells are connected in parallel to form a lithium battery cell group, and at least two of the lithium battery cell groups are connected in series.

[0007] The multiple lithium battery boxes are electrically connected by the positive pole of one lithium battery box and the negative pole of the next lithium battery box to form a total output circuit of the power supply. The series ends of the multiple lithium battery boxes serve as the total positive output end and the total negative output end of the power supply respectively, so as to power the electric bicycle.

[0008] Optionally, the negative electrode of the first lithium battery box serves as the total negative electrode output terminal, and the positive electrode of the last lithium battery box serves as the total positive electrode output terminal.

[0009] Optionally, multiple lithium battery packs are sequentially numbered from 1 to N. The negative electrode of the lithium battery pack numbered 1 serves as the negative output terminal of the lithium battery box, and the positive electrode of the lithium battery pack numbered N serves as the positive output terminal of the lithium battery box.

[0010] Optionally, adjacent numbered lithium battery packs are directly electrically connected through the positive electrode of the previous lithium battery pack and the negative electrode of the next lithium battery pack.

[0011] Optionally, the positive electrodes of all lithium batteries within each lithium battery pack are connected in parallel through a first conductor, and the negative electrodes of all lithium batteries are connected in parallel through a second conductor. Any connection point on the first conductor serves as the positive output terminal of the lithium battery pack, and any connection point on the second conductor serves as the negative output terminal of the lithium battery pack.

[0012] Optionally, a protection device is provided inside each lithium battery box, and the protection device is electrically connected to the lithium battery pack through a wire.

[0013] Optionally, the protection device is a protection circuit board. The protection circuit board is provided with a main control chip, an ADC module, a temperature detection circuit, a voltage detection circuit, and a current detection circuit. Among them, multiple lithium battery packs are respectively electrically connected to the temperature detection circuit, the voltage detection circuit, and the current detection circuit. The temperature detection circuit, the current detection circuit, and the voltage detection circuit are connected to the ADC module, and the output terminal of the ADC module is electrically connected to the main control chip.

[0014] Optionally, a communication module and a display module are provided on the protection circuit board. The main control chip is signal-connected to the vehicle-mounted controller through the communication module, and the main control chip is electrically connected to the display module.

[0015] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: The power supply for an electric bicycle provided by this application based on a distributed series topology has its lithium batteries connected in parallel within the lithium battery packs to form a basic power supply unit, which improves the capacity of a single lithium battery pack and reduces the internal resistance. Multiple lithium battery packs are arranged in series within the lithium battery box, and a boost unit is formed by directly connecting the positive electrode of the previous lithium battery pack to the negative electrode of the subsequent lithium battery pack, enabling a single lithium battery box to output a higher voltage. Multiple lithium battery boxes further form a total power supply loop in a head-to-tail series manner. The negative electrode of the first lithium battery box and the positive electrode of the last lithium battery box respectively serve as the total output terminals of the power supply. Through this distributed series structure, a high-voltage DC power supply required to drive the electric bicycle motor is finally formed. This structure can flexibly adjust the total output voltage by increasing or decreasing the number of lithium battery boxes. At the same time, the modular design facilitates the rapid replacement of a specific lithium battery box in case of a local failure, significantly improving the reliability and maintainability of the power supply system. Description of the Drawings

[0016] Figure 1Schematic diagram of the internal circuit connection of the lithium battery box in the embodiment of the present application;

[0017] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the circuit connection of the power supply of the electric bicycle in the embodiment of the present application;

[0018] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the connection of the protection circuit board in the embodiment of the present application.

[0019] Explanation of the reference numerals in the attached drawings:

[0020] 1. Lithium battery box; 2. Lithium battery cell group; 3. Lithium battery cell; 4. Protection circuit board; 5. Main control chip; 6. ADC module; 7. Temperature detection circuit; 8. Voltage detection circuit; 9. Current detection circuit; 10. Communication module; 11. Display module. Detailed implementation manners

[0021] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of the specification and specific embodiments. Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the technical field to which the present invention belongs. The terms used in the specification of the present invention herein are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the present invention. In the following description, the expression "some embodiments" describes a subset of all possible embodiments, but it should be understood that "some embodiments" may be the same subset or different subsets of all possible embodiments and may be combined with each other without conflict.

[0022] In the following description, a large number of specific details are given to provide a more thorough understanding of the present invention. However, it is obvious to those skilled in the art that the present invention can be implemented without one or more of these details. In other examples, in order to avoid confusion with the present invention, some technical features well known to those skilled in the art are not described.

[0023] It should be understood that the present invention can be implemented in different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments presented herein. On the contrary, providing these embodiments will make the disclosure thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the present invention to those skilled in the art. And the purpose of the terms used herein is only to describe specific embodiments and not to limit the present invention. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are also intended to include the plural forms unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It should also be understood that the terms "comprising" and / or "including", when used in this specification, determine the presence of the stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements and / or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components and / or groups. As used herein, the term "and / or" includes any and all combinations of the related listed items.

[0024] It should be further noted that when an element is referred to as "fixed to" another element, it can be directly on the other element or there can also be an intermediate element. When an element is considered to be "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or there may be an intermediate element at the same time. The terms "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", "left", "right" and similar expressions used herein are for illustrative purposes only and do not represent the only implementation.

[0025] To thoroughly understand the present invention, detailed structures will be presented in the following description to illustrate the technical solutions proposed by the present invention. The optional embodiments of the present invention are described in detail as follows. However, in addition to these detailed descriptions, the present invention can also have other implementations.

[0026] Please refer to the attached Figures 1 to 3 , this application provides a power supply for an electric bicycle based on a distributed series topology, including a plurality of lithium battery boxes 1 connected in series with each other,

[0027] Each lithium battery box 1 is provided with a plurality of lithium battery cores 3. At least two lithium battery cores 3 are connected in parallel to form a lithium battery core group 2, and at least two of the lithium battery core groups 2 are connected in series with each other.

[0028] The plurality of lithium battery boxes 1 form a total output circuit of the power supply by connecting the positive electrode of one lithium battery box 1 to the negative electrode of the next lithium battery box 1. The series ends of the plurality of lithium battery boxes 1 are respectively used as the total positive electrode output terminal and the total negative electrode output terminal of the power supply for powering the electric bicycle, that is, the negative electrode of the first lithium battery box 1 is used as the total negative electrode output terminal, and the positive electrode of the last lithium battery box 1 is used as the total positive electrode output terminal.

[0029] Specifically, the lithium battery box 1 is a component unit of a modular electric vehicle power supply. Multiple lithium battery cells 3 are provided in each lithium battery box 1. At least two lithium battery cells 3 are connected in parallel to form a lithium battery cell group 2. At least two of the lithium battery cell groups 2 are connected in series with each other. For example, there are four lithium battery cell groups 2 in a lithium battery box 1, and there are nine lithium battery cells 3 in a lithium battery cell group 2. The nine lithium battery cells 3 are connected in parallel with each other, and the four lithium battery cell groups 2 are connected in series in sequence. The power supply for an electric bicycle with a distributed series topology disclosed in this application realizes the efficient combination and output of electric energy through a hierarchical structure. The lithium battery cells 3 are connected in parallel within the lithium battery cell group 2 to form a basic power supply unit, which improves the capacity of a single lithium battery cell group 2 and reduces the internal resistance. Multiple lithium battery cell groups 2 are arranged in series within the lithium battery box 1, and a boosting unit is formed by directly connecting the positive electrode of the previous lithium battery cell group 2 to the negative electrode of the subsequent lithium battery cell group 2, enabling a single lithium battery box 1 to output a higher voltage. Multiple lithium battery boxes 1 further form a total power supply loop in a head-to-tail series manner. The negative electrode of the first lithium battery box 1 and the positive electrode of the last lithium battery box 1 are respectively used as the total power output terminals of the power supply. Through this distributed series structure, a high-voltage DC power supply required to drive the electric bicycle motor is finally formed. This structure can flexibly adjust the total output voltage by increasing or decreasing the number of lithium battery boxes 1. At the same time, the modular design facilitates the rapid replacement of a specific lithium battery box when a local fault occurs, significantly improving the reliability and maintenance convenience of the power supply system.

[0030] Further, the lithium battery cell groups 2 in each lithium battery box 1 are sequentially numbered from 1 to N, and the negative electrode of the lithium battery cell group 2 numbered 1 is used as the negative output terminal of the lithium battery box 1, and the positive electrode of the lithium battery cell group 2 numbered N is used as the positive output terminal of the lithium battery box 1. The adjacent numbered lithium battery cell groups 2 are directly electrically connected through the positive electrode of the previous lithium battery cell group 2 and the negative electrode of the subsequent lithium battery cell group 2.

[0031] Specifically, multiple lithium battery cell groups 2 in each lithium battery box 1 are connected in series in the order of their numbers. The positive electrode of the previous lithium battery cell group 2 is directly electrically connected to the negative electrode of the subsequent lithium battery cell group 2. The negative electrode of the first lithium battery cell group 2 is used as the negative output terminal of the lithium battery box 1, and the positive electrode of the last lithium battery cell group 2 is used as the positive output terminal of the lithium battery box 1, so that the voltage within a single lithium battery box 1 is increased through the series connection of the lithium battery cell groups 2. When a new lithium battery cell group 2 numbered N + 1 is added, the positive electrode of the original lithium battery cell group 2 numbered N automatically turns to be connected to the negative electrode of the new unit, and the positive electrode of the new unit then becomes the updated positive output terminal of the lithium battery box 1, realizing a seamless connection during the expansion process.

[0032] Optionally, the positive electrodes of all the lithium battery cells 3 within each lithium battery cell group 2 are connected in parallel through a first conductor, and the negative electrodes of all the lithium battery cells 3 are connected in parallel through a second conductor. Any connection point on the first conductor is used as the positive output terminal of the lithium battery cell group 2, and any connection point on the second conductor is used as the negative output terminal of the lithium battery cell group 2.

[0033] Specifically, in the parallel structure of the lithium battery cells 3, the positive electrode current is collected by the first conductor, and the negative electrode current is collected by the second conductor. Any connection point of the conductors can be used as the positive and negative output terminals of the lithium battery cell group 2. This design allows for the asymmetric distribution of the lithium battery cells 3 without affecting the overall performance. Both the first conductor and the second conductor are made of a metal conductive material with a low melting point.

[0034] Furthermore, the protection device is a protection circuit board 4. The protection circuit board 4 is provided with a main control chip 5, an ADC module 6, a temperature detection circuit 7, a voltage detection circuit 8, and a current detection circuit 9. Among them, multiple lithium battery cell groups 2 are respectively electrically connected to the temperature detection circuit 7, the voltage detection circuit 8, and the current detection circuit 9. The temperature detection circuit 7, the current detection circuit 9, and the voltage detection circuit 8 are connected to the ADC module 6, and the output terminal of the ADC module 6 is electrically connected to the main control chip 5.

[0035] In some embodiments, multiple lithium battery cell groups 2 are respectively electrically connected to the temperature detection circuit 7, the voltage detection circuit 8, and the current detection circuit 9 through signal acquisition lines. The signal acquisition lines include a first signal acquisition line, a second signal acquisition line, and a third signal acquisition line. The first signal acquisition line is connected to the voltage detection circuit 8, the second signal acquisition line is connected to the current detection circuit 9, and the third signal acquisition line is connected to the temperature detection circuit 7.

[0036] Specifically, the first signal acquisition line is connected to the voltage detection circuit 8 to directly collect the voltage signals of each lithium battery cell group 2, providing basic data for overcharge and over-discharge protection and active balancing. The second signal acquisition line is connected to the current detection circuit 9. The current detection circuit 9 uses a shunt resistor to detect the main circuit current, and uses a differential amplifier to amplify the tiny voltage drop signal to the collectable range of the ADC module 6, realizing the real-time monitoring of the charge and discharge current, and providing a basis for the main control chip 5 to judge the over-current or short-circuit state. The third signal acquisition line is connected to the temperature detection circuit 7 and the NTC thermistor arranged at the center of the battery pack. Utilizing the characteristic that the resistance value of the NTC thermistor changes with temperature, the temperature signal is converted into a voltage signal through the voltage division circuit in the temperature detection circuit 7, and after being converted by the ADC module 6, it is analyzed by the main control chip 5 to realize the monitoring of the temperature at the key position. Furthermore, the protection circuit board 4 is provided with a communication module 10 and a display module 11. The main control chip 5 is signal-connected to the vehicle-mounted controller of the electric bicycle through the communication module 10, and the main control chip 5 is electrically connected to the display module 11.

[0037] Specifically, the main control chip 5 transmits data such as the voltage, current, temperature, SOC, and fault code of the battery pack to the vehicle-mounted controller through the communication module 10 for the digital signals converted by the voltage detection circuit 8, current detection circuit 9, and temperature detection circuit 7 via the ADC module 6; at the same time, the communication module 10 also receives the parameter setting instructions sent by the vehicle-mounted controller and feeds them back to the main control chip 5 for configuration adjustment.

[0038] The display module 11 is directly electrically connected to the main control chip 5 and is used to visually present the operating state of the battery pack. The main control chip 5 transmits the processed key information, such as the current voltage of the battery pack, remaining power, operating temperature, and fault warning, to the display module 11 in the form of digital signals. The display module 11 converts this information into visual data and displays it to the user through forms such as LED indicator lights, digital tubes, or liquid crystal displays.

[0039] It should be noted that the implementation of the temperature detection circuit 7, voltage detection circuit 8, current detection circuit 9, communication module 10, and display module 11 all belongs to the common knowledge of those skilled in the art. For example, the temperature detection circuit 7 uses the characteristic of the NTC thermistor changing with temperature and converts the temperature signal into a voltage signal for detection using a voltage division circuit; the voltage detection circuit 8 usually samples and performs analog-to-digital conversion on the battery voltage signal with the help of a high-precision ADC chip; the current detection circuit 9 uses a shunt resistor to collect the voltage drop generated by the current, which is sent to the ADC for conversion after differential amplification; the communication module 10 selects UART, CAN bus, Bluetooth, or Wi-Fi, etc. to achieve data transmission according to communication requirements; the display module 11 completes the status display through LED indicator lights, digital tubes, or LCD liquid crystal screens in combination with the control signals output by the main control chip 5. The above circuits and connection methods can all be implemented according to the general knowledge of those skilled in the art, and specific descriptions are not made in this embodiment.

[0040] The above is only the specific implementation manner of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art can easily think of changes or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, and all should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention. The protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A power supply for an electric bicycle based on a distributed series topology, characterized in that, It includes multiple lithium battery boxes connected in series with each other. Each lithium battery box is provided with multiple lithium battery cells. At least two lithium battery cells are connected in parallel to form a lithium battery cell group, and at least two of the lithium battery cell groups are connected in series with each other. Between the multiple lithium battery boxes, a power supply total output circuit is formed by electrically connecting the positive electrode of one lithium battery box to the negative electrode of the subsequent lithium battery box. The series ends of the multiple lithium battery boxes are respectively used as the total positive electrode output terminal and the total negative electrode output terminal of the power supply for powering an electric bicycle.

2. The power supply for an electric bicycle based on a distributed series topology according to claim 1, characterized in that, The negative electrode of the first lithium battery box serves as the total negative electrode output terminal, and the positive electrode of the last lithium battery box serves as the total positive electrode output terminal.

3. A power supply for an electric bicycle based on a distributed series topology according to claim 1, characterized in that, The multiple lithium battery cell groups are sequentially numbered from 1 to N. The negative electrode of the lithium battery cell group numbered 1 serves as the negative electrode output terminal of the lithium battery box, and the positive electrode of the lithium battery cell group numbered N serves as the positive electrode output terminal of the lithium battery box.

4. The power supply for an electric bicycle based on a distributed series topology according to claim 3, characterized in that, Between adjacent numbered lithium battery cell groups, the positive electrode of the previous lithium battery cell group is directly electrically connected to the negative electrode of the subsequent lithium battery cell group.

5. A power supply for an electric bicycle based on a distributed series topology according to claim 3, characterized in that, The positive electrodes of all the lithium battery cells in each lithium battery cell group are connected in parallel through a first conductor, and the negative electrodes of all the lithium battery cells are connected in parallel through a second conductor. Any connection point on the first conductor serves as the positive electrode output terminal of the lithium battery cell group, and any connection point on the second conductor serves as the negative electrode output terminal of the lithium battery cell group.

6. The power supply for an electric bicycle based on a distributed series topology according to claim 1, wherein, Each lithium battery box is provided with a protection device, and the protection device is electrically connected to the lithium battery cell group through a wire.

7. A power supply for an electric bicycle based on a distributed series topology according to claim 6, characterized in that, The protection device is a protection circuit board. The protection circuit board is provided with a main control chip, an ADC module, a temperature detection circuit, a voltage detection circuit, and a current detection circuit. Among them, multiple lithium battery cell groups are respectively electrically connected to the temperature detection circuit, the voltage detection circuit, and the current detection circuit. The temperature detection circuit, the current detection circuit, and the voltage detection circuit are connected to the ADC module, and the output terminal of the ADC module is electrically connected to the main control chip.

8. A power supply for an electric bicycle based on a distributed series topology according to claim 7, characterized in that, The protection circuit board is provided with a communication module and a display module. The main control chip is signal-connected to a vehicle-mounted controller through the communication module, and the main control chip is electrically connected to the display module.

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