A method for preparing aluminum alloy extruded profile
Through the process of three-way high-temperature upsetting, high-temperature annealing and deep-cold three-way compression, combined with high-temperature extrusion molding, the problem of low mechanical properties caused by coarse grains of Al-Mg-Si-Cu alloy extrusions was solved, and the preparation of high-strength and high-elongation aluminum alloy extrusions was achieved, which is suitable for electronic 3C products.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202510912674.7
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Patents(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-07-03
- Publication Date
- 2025-09-30
- Estimated Expiration
- 2045-07-03
AI Technical Summary
In the prior art for preparing Al-Mg-Si-Cu alloy extrusions, the grain structure is coarse, resulting in low mechanical properties and being unable to meet the design requirements of electronic 3C products.
The process of three-way high-temperature upsetting, high-temperature annealing and deep-cold three-way compression is adopted, combined with high-temperature extrusion molding, to refine the alloy grain structure and improve the strength and elongation of the material.
It significantly improves the strength and elongation of aluminum alloy extrusions, meets the performance requirements of electronic 3C products, and is suitable for the preparation of shell structural parts, profiles and bars.
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Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of nonferrous metal material preparation, and particularly relates to a method for preparing an aluminum alloy extruded profile. Background Art
[0002] Al-Mg-Si-Cu alloys have high Si and Cu content, resulting in a tensile strength approximately 20% higher than traditional 6061 aluminum alloys. Furthermore, the content of elements such as Fe, Zn, and Mn is strictly controlled, resulting in excellent mechanical properties combined with superior machinability, brightness, and surface treatment properties. Currently, they are widely used in electronic 3C products. However, in actual production, if the molding process is not strictly controlled, Al-Mg-Si-Cu alloy extrusions are prone to coarse grain structure and low mechanical properties, which can cause electronic 3C products to fail to meet design specifications and even require rework or scrap.
[0003] High-strength, high-elongation Al-Mg-Si-Cu alloy extrusions place stringent demands on process control, requiring a uniform and fine alloy grain structure. The current process involves direct extrusion after soaking the alloy ingot, resulting in a coarse grain structure in the extruded profiles. Artificial aging treatment makes it difficult to achieve the required high strength and elongation.
[0004] A study on the hot deformation behavior of a novel Al-Mg-Si-Cu alloy and the heat treatment process for extruded profiles, by Yuan Dong, a master's thesis from Central South University. Chapter 1 explains that current aluminum profiles are made from an Al-Mg-Si alloy through ingot homogenization annealing and extrusion heat treatment. The production process follows: ingot melting and casting, homogenization, cooling, extrusion preheating, extrusion, quenching, cold drawing, straightening, trimming, and aging. The industrially produced T5 extruded profiles achieve a tensile strength of 325 MPa, a yield strength of 275 MPa, an elongation of over 12%, and a hardness exceeding 120 HV. Further improvements are needed to improve the material's properties. Summary of the Invention
[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method for preparing an aluminum alloy extruded profile to improve the strength and elongation of the aluminum alloy extruded profile.
[0006] The embodiment of the present invention provides a method for preparing an aluminum alloy extruded profile, comprising: melting and casting various raw material components of the aluminum alloy extruded profile to obtain an ingot, and then performing a homogenization treatment, three-way high-temperature upsetting, high-temperature annealing, deep-cold three-way compression, high-temperature extrusion, cooling, and aging treatment to obtain the aluminum alloy extruded profile;
[0007] The temperature of the three-way high-temperature upsetting is 500-560°C, the temperature of the high-temperature annealing is 540-580°C, the temperature of the deep-cold three-way compression is -180--150°C, and the temperature of the high-temperature extrusion is 500-540°C.
[0008] Optionally, the aluminum alloy extruded profile includes the following raw material components in parts by weight: Mg 0.6-1.4%, Si 0.8-1.2%, Cu 0.6-1.1%, Mn 0.06-0.2%, Cr 0.05-0.1%, Zn 0.04-0.1%, Ti 0.03-0.1%, Fe 0.1-0.5%, and the balance is Al.
[0009] Preferably, the aluminum alloy extruded profile comprises the following raw material components in parts by weight: Mg 0.8%, Si 0.9%, Cu 0.8%, Mn 0.1%, Cr 0.05%, Zn 0.06%, Ti 0.04%, Fe 0.15%, and the balance is Al.
[0010] Preferably, the holding time of the deep cold three-way compression is 20-400 minutes, and the compression deformation is 10-20%.
[0011] Preferably, the temperature of the homogenization treatment is 500-560° C., and the holding time is 9-12 hours.
[0012] Preferably, cooling is performed after homogenization treatment, and the cooling method is to cool to 200° C. in the furnace, and then to air-cool, and to remove surface defects after cooling to below 60° C.
[0013] Preferably, the deformation speed of the three-way high-temperature upsetting is 10-30 mm / s, and the compression amount per pass is 40-60%.
[0014] Preferably, the holding time of high temperature annealing is 2-5 hours, and the quenching method is air cooling.
[0015] Preferably, the extrusion speed of the high-temperature extrusion is 0.5-2.0 mm / s, and the cooling method after extrusion is online water mist cooling.
[0016] Preferably, the aging treatment temperature is 160-190° C., and the temperature is kept for 15-20 hours.
[0017] Preferably, the smelting temperature is 710-750°C, followed by degassing and refining (time is 20-30 minutes), slag removal, and preferably standing for 20-40 minutes. The aluminum melt is then sequentially subjected to online wire feeding, degassing, filtration and casting to obtain an ingot.
[0018] The beneficial effect of the present invention is that, generally speaking, aluminum alloy extruded profiles cannot be processed by cryogenic compression. The reason is that there is a conflict in the material processing temperature window, because traditional aluminum alloy extrusion requires heating the billet to 400~500℃ (dynamic recrystallization temperature range), at which time the plastic flow stress of the material is significantly reduced and the extrusion energy consumption is controllable. Secondly, there is a risk of deterioration of the microstructure, resulting in micro defects and deterioration of mechanical properties. Deep temperature forging will hinder the movement of thermally activated dislocations in aluminum alloys, inhibit the occurrence of dynamic recovery and recrystallization, resulting in an aggravation of the work hardening effect and a sharp increase in dislocation density. The ultra-high density dislocations caused by deep cold forging are not eliminated by high temperature extrusion dynamic recrystallization, and the elongation of the final product decreases. Local shear bands or cracks are likely to appear during subsequent extrusion. The texture after deep cold forging may deviate from the optimal orientation for extrusion, reducing the extrusion formability of the material.
[0019] To avoid the adverse effects of cryogenic compression on aluminum alloy extruded profiles, cryogenic compression is typically performed after extrusion molding. The present inventors have discovered that prior to high-temperature extrusion molding, three-way high-temperature upsetting, high-temperature annealing, and cryogenic three-way compression can significantly improve the material's strength and elongation by controlling the temperature of the three-way high-temperature upsetting process.
[0020] The present invention first utilizes a multi-directional upsetting process to forge to eliminate defects such as porosity and pores inside the alloy ingot, thereby improving the density of the alloy. At the same time, the alloy grains are refined during the multi-directional upsetting process, thereby enhancing the forming ability, toughness and reliability of subsequent processing. High-temperature annealing can effectively eliminate residual stress inside the alloy and improve the microstructure, making the physical and mechanical properties of the alloy tend to be consistent, and providing the initial performance conditions of the material for subsequent forming. Deep cold three-way compression can effectively refine the coarse second phase structure in the alloy, providing heterogeneous nucleation points for the subsequent hot extrusion process, thereby effectively refining the grain structure and improving the strength and plasticity of the alloy. Finally, high-temperature extrusion molding can significantly reduce the grain size of the material and improve the strength and elongation of the material.
[0021] The alloy of the present invention has high mechanical properties and fine grain structure characteristics, and is suitable for preparing shell structural parts in the electronic 3C field, and is also suitable for preparing some profiles, pipes and bars with certain strength requirements and high anodizing effects. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0022] Example 1
[0023] A method for preparing an Al-Mg-Si-Cu alloy extruded profile comprises the following steps:
[0024] Ingredients: The alloy components by weight are: Mg 0.8%, Si 0.9%, Cu 0.8%, Mn 0.1%, Cr 0.05%, Zn 0.06%, Ti 0.04%, Fe 0.15%, and the balance is Al and unavoidable impurities.
[0025] Melting and Casting: The prepared alloy ingredients and 99.99% pure high-purity aluminum ingots are placed in a sealed melting furnace, then heated to 725℃ for melting, slag removal, degassing and filtering in the furnace, and finally placed in a crystallizer to solidify into ingots.
[0026] Homogenization treatment: The ingot is subjected to homogenization heat treatment. The soaking furnace is a trolley-type soaking furnace. Argon gas is used for atmosphere protection in the furnace. The heating rate is less than 20℃ / h. The temperature is raised to 550±3℃ and the holding time is 12h. The cooling method is to cool with the furnace to 200℃, open the furnace door and move it out of the furnace for air cooling, and then sawing and milling are carried out to remove the surface structure of the ingot.
[0027] Three-way high-temperature upsetting: The car body ingot is heated and subjected to three-way upsetting and blanking treatment through a forging press. The initial forging temperature of the ingot is 500°C, the deformation speed is 20mm / s, and the deformation amount per pass is 50%.
[0028] High temperature annealing: The billet after the three-way upsetting is subjected to high temperature annealing treatment at a temperature of 560°C for a holding time of 3 hours, and then air-cooled after the holding period.
[0029] Cryogenic three-dimensional compression: The solid solution alloy billet is cooled by liquid nitrogen spraying. After cooling to -160℃ and keeping warm for 10 minutes, three-dimensional compression treatment is performed. The strain is 2%. Liquid nitrogen spray cooling is continuously maintained during the deformation process.
[0030] High temperature extrusion molding: extrusion molding temperature is 540℃, 2.0mm / s, and online water mist cooling is performed after extrusion.
[0031] Aging treatment: The extruded bars are aged in an aging furnace, heated to 170°C, kept warm for 15 hours, and then taken out of the furnace for air cooling.
[0032] Comparative Example 1
[0033] A method for preparing an Al-Mg-Si-Cu alloy extruded profile comprises the following steps:
[0034] Ingredients: The alloy components by weight are: Mg 0.8%, Si 0.9%, Cu 0.8%, Mn 0.1%, Cr 0.05%, Zn 0.06%, Ti 0.04%, Fe 0.15%, and the balance is Al and unavoidable impurities.
[0035] Melting and Casting: The prepared alloy ingredients and 99.99% pure high-purity aluminum ingots are placed in a sealed melting furnace, then heated to 725℃ for melting, slag removal, degassing and filtering in the furnace, and finally placed in a crystallizer to solidify into ingots.
[0036] Homogenization treatment: The ingot is subjected to homogenization heat treatment. The soaking furnace is a trolley-type soaking furnace. Argon gas is used for atmosphere protection in the furnace. The heating rate is less than 20℃ / h. The temperature is raised to 550±3℃ and the holding time is 12h. The cooling method is to cool with the furnace to 200℃, open the furnace door and move it out of the furnace for air cooling, and then sawing and milling are carried out to remove the surface structure of the ingot.
[0037] High temperature extrusion molding: extrusion molding temperature is 540℃, 2.0mm / s, and online water mist cooling is performed after extrusion.
[0038] Aging treatment: The extruded bars are aged in an aging furnace, heated to 170°C, kept warm for 15 hours, and then taken out of the furnace for air cooling.
[0039] Comparative Example 2
[0040] A method for preparing an Al-Mg-Si-Cu alloy extruded profile comprises the following steps:
[0041] Ingredients: The alloy components by weight are: Mg 0.8%, Si 0.9%, Cu 0.8%, Mn 0.1%, Cr 0.05%, Zn 0.06%, Ti 0.04%, Fe 0.15%, and the balance is Al and unavoidable impurities.
[0042] Melting and Casting: The prepared alloy ingredients and 99.99% pure high-purity aluminum ingots are placed in a sealed melting furnace, then heated to 725℃ for melting, slag removal, degassing and filtering in the furnace, and finally placed in a crystallizer to solidify into ingots.
[0043] Homogenization treatment: The ingot is subjected to homogenization heat treatment. The soaking furnace is a trolley-type soaking furnace. Argon gas is used for atmosphere protection in the furnace. The heating rate is less than 20℃ / h. The temperature is raised to 550±3℃ and the holding time is 12h. The cooling method is to cool with the furnace to 200℃, open the furnace door and move it out of the furnace for air cooling, and then sawing and milling are carried out to remove the surface structure of the ingot.
[0044] Three-way high-temperature upsetting: The car body ingot is heated and subjected to three-way upsetting and blanking treatment through a forging press. The initial forging temperature of the ingot is 500°C, the deformation speed is 20mm / s, and the deformation amount per pass is 50%.
[0045] High temperature annealing: The billet after the three-way upsetting is subjected to high temperature annealing treatment at a temperature of 560°C for a holding time of 3 hours, and then air-cooled after the holding period.
[0046] High temperature extrusion molding: extrusion molding temperature is 540℃, 2.0mm / s, and online water mist cooling is performed after extrusion.
[0047] Aging treatment: The extruded bars are aged in an aging furnace, heated to 170°C, kept warm for 15 hours, and then taken out of the furnace for air cooling.
[0048] Comparative Example 3
[0049] A method for preparing an Al-Mg-Si-Cu alloy extruded profile comprises the following steps:
[0050] Ingredients: The alloy components by weight are: Mg 0.8%, Si 0.9%, Cu 0.8%, Mn 0.1%, Cr 0.05%, Zn 0.06%, Ti 0.04%, Fe 0.15%, and the balance is Al and unavoidable impurities.
[0051] Melting and Casting: The prepared alloy ingredients and 99.99% pure high-purity aluminum ingots are placed in a sealed melting furnace, then heated to 725℃ for melting, slag removal, degassing and filtering in the furnace, and finally placed in a crystallizer to solidify into ingots.
[0052] Homogenization treatment: The ingot is subjected to homogenization heat treatment. The soaking furnace is a trolley-type soaking furnace. Argon gas is used for atmosphere protection in the furnace. The heating rate is less than 20℃ / h. The temperature is raised to 550±3℃ and the holding time is 12h. The cooling method is to cool with the furnace to 200℃, open the furnace door and move it out of the furnace for air cooling, and then sawing and milling are carried out to remove the surface structure of the ingot.
[0053] Cryogenic three-dimensional compression: The solid solution alloy billet is cooled by liquid nitrogen spraying. After cooling to -160℃ and keeping warm for 10 minutes, three-dimensional compression treatment is performed. The strain is 2%. Liquid nitrogen spray cooling is continuously maintained during the deformation process.
[0054] High temperature extrusion molding: extrusion molding temperature is 540℃, 2.0mm / s, and online water mist cooling is performed after extrusion.
[0055] Aging treatment: The extruded bars are aged in an aging furnace, heated to 170°C, kept warm for 15 hours, and then taken out of the furnace for air cooling.
[0056] Comparative Example 4
[0057] A method for preparing an Al-Mg-Si-Cu alloy extruded profile comprises the following steps:
[0058] Ingredients: The alloy components by weight are: Mg 0.8%, Si 0.9%, Cu 0.8%, Mn 0.1%, Cr 0.05%, Zn 0.06%, Ti 0.04%, Fe 0.15%, and the balance is Al and unavoidable impurities.
[0059] Melting and Casting: The prepared alloy ingredients and 99.99% pure high-purity aluminum ingots are placed in a sealed melting furnace, then heated to 725℃ for melting, slag removal, degassing and filtering in the furnace, and finally placed in a crystallizer to solidify into ingots.
[0060] Homogenization treatment: The ingot is subjected to homogenization heat treatment. The soaking furnace is a trolley-type soaking furnace. Argon gas is used for atmosphere protection in the furnace. The heating rate is less than 20℃ / h. The temperature is raised to 550±3℃ and the holding time is 12h. The cooling method is to cool with the furnace to 200℃, open the furnace door and move it out of the furnace for air cooling, and then sawing and milling are carried out to remove the surface structure of the ingot.
[0061] Three-way high-temperature upsetting: The car body ingot is heated and subjected to three-way upsetting and blanking treatment through a forging press. The initial forging temperature of the ingot is 400°C, the deformation speed is 20mm / s, and the deformation amount per pass is 50%.
[0062] High temperature annealing: The billet after the three-way upsetting is subjected to high temperature annealing treatment at a temperature of 560°C for a holding time of 3 hours, and then air-cooled after the holding period.
[0063] Cryogenic three-dimensional compression: The solid solution alloy billet is cooled by liquid nitrogen spraying. After cooling to -160℃ and keeping warm for 10 minutes, three-dimensional compression treatment is performed. The strain is 2%. Liquid nitrogen spray cooling is continuously maintained during the deformation process.
[0064] High temperature extrusion molding: extrusion molding temperature is 540℃, 2.0mm / s, and online water mist cooling is performed after extrusion.
[0065] Aging treatment: The extruded bars are aged in an aging furnace, heated to 170°C, kept warm for 15 hours, and then taken out of the furnace for air cooling.
[0066] Comparative Example 5
[0067] A method for preparing an Al-Mg-Si-Cu alloy extruded profile comprises the following steps:
[0068] Ingredients: The alloy components by weight are: Mg 0.8%, Si 0.9%, Cu 0.8%, Mn 0.1%, Cr 0.05%, Zn 0.06%, Ti 0.04%, Fe 0.15%, and the balance is Al and unavoidable impurities.
[0069] Melting and Casting: The prepared alloy ingredients and 99.99% pure high-purity aluminum ingots are placed in a sealed melting furnace, then heated to 725℃ for melting, slag removal, degassing and filtering in the furnace, and finally placed in a crystallizer to solidify into ingots.
[0070] Homogenization treatment: The ingot is subjected to homogenization heat treatment. The soaking furnace is a trolley-type soaking furnace. Argon gas is used for atmosphere protection in the furnace. The heating rate is less than 20℃ / h. The temperature is raised to 550±3℃ and the holding time is 12h. The cooling method is to cool with the furnace to 200℃, open the furnace door and move it out of the furnace for air cooling, and then sawing and milling are carried out to remove the surface structure of the ingot.
[0071] Three-way high-temperature upsetting: The car body ingot is heated and subjected to three-way upsetting and blanking treatment through a forging press. The initial forging temperature of the ingot is 500°C, the deformation speed is 20mm / s, and the deformation amount per pass is 50%.
[0072] High temperature annealing: The billet after the three-way upsetting is subjected to high temperature annealing treatment at a temperature of 560°C for a holding time of 3 hours, and then air-cooled after the holding period.
[0073] High temperature extrusion molding: extrusion molding temperature is 540℃, 2.0mm / s, and online water mist cooling is performed after extrusion.
[0074] Cryogenic three-dimensional compression: The solid solution alloy billet is cooled by liquid nitrogen spraying. After cooling to -160℃ and keeping warm for 10 minutes, three-dimensional compression treatment is performed. The strain is 2%. Liquid nitrogen spray cooling is continuously maintained during the deformation process.
[0075] Aging treatment: The extruded bars are aged in an aging furnace, heated to 170°C, kept warm for 15 hours, and then taken out of the furnace for air cooling.
[0076] The mechanical properties of the aluminum alloy extruded profiles of Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1-5 were tested to obtain the mechanical properties of the aluminum alloy extruded profiles shown in Table 1.
[0077] Table 1 Mechanical properties of aluminum alloy extruded profiles
[0078]
[0079] As can be seen from Table 1, after the Al-Mg-Si-Cu alloy ingot is homogenized, it is sequentially subjected to high-temperature upsetting, annealing and cryogenic compression, and then subjected to high-temperature extrusion molding, which can significantly reduce the grain size of the material and improve the strength and elongation of the material.
[0080] Those skilled in the art should understand that the discussion of any of the above embodiments is merely illustrative and is not intended to imply that the scope of protection of the present application is limited to these examples. In line with the present application, the technical features in the above embodiments or different embodiments may be combined, the steps may be implemented in any order, and there are many other variations of different aspects of one or more embodiments of the present application as described above, which are not provided in detail for the sake of simplicity.
[0081] The one or more embodiments of this application are intended to encompass all such substitutions, modifications, and variations that fall within the broad scope of this application. Therefore, any omissions, modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of one or more embodiments of this application should be included in the scope of protection of this application.
Claims
1. A method for preparing an aluminum alloy extruded profile, characterized in that: The raw material components of the aluminum alloy extrusion profile are melted and cast to obtain an ingot, which is then subjected to homogenization treatment, three-way high-temperature upsetting, high-temperature annealing, deep-cold three-way compression, high-temperature extrusion, cooling, and aging treatment to obtain the aluminum alloy extrusion profile; The temperature of the three-way high-temperature upsetting is 500-560°C, the temperature of the high-temperature annealing is 540-580°C, the temperature of the deep-cold three-way compression is -180--150°C, and the temperature of the high-temperature extrusion is 500-540°C; The aluminum alloy extruded profile comprises the following raw material components in parts by weight: Mg 0.6-1.4%, Si 0.8-1.2%, Cu 0.6-1.1%, Mn 0.06-0.2%, Cr 0.05-0.1%, Zn 0.04-0.1%, Ti 0.03-0.1%, Fe 0.1-0.5%, and the balance is Al.
2. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein The aluminum alloy extruded profile includes the following raw material components in parts by weight: Mg 0.8%, Si 0.9%, Cu 0.8%, Mn 0.1%, Cr 0.05%, Zn 0.06%, Ti 0.04%, Fe 0.15%, and the balance is Al.
3. The preparation method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The holding time of the deep cold three-way compression is 20-400 minutes, and the compression deformation is 10-20%.
4. The preparation method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: The temperature of the homogenization treatment is 500-560° C., and the holding time is 9-12 hours.
5. The preparation method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: After homogenization, the product is cooled in the furnace to 200°C, then air-cooled, and surface defects are removed after cooling to below 60°C.
6. The preparation method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The deformation speed of three-way high-temperature upsetting is 10-30mm / s, and the compression amount per pass is 40-60%.
7. The preparation method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The holding time for high temperature annealing is 2-5h, and the quenching method is air cooling.
8. The preparation method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The extrusion speed of the high-temperature extrusion is 0.5-2.0 mm / s, and the cooling method after extrusion is online water mist cooling.
9. The preparation method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The aging treatment temperature is 160-190℃, and the temperature is kept for 15-20h.