Photovoltaic hydrogen production multi-electrolytic cell cluster control method and system

Abstract

According to the photovoltaic hydrogen production multi-electrolytic cell cluster control method provided by the invention, through efficient data acquisition, accurate data analysis, personalized control strategy formulation and intelligent cluster coordination control, optimal management of a multi-electrolytic cell cluster in a photovoltaic hydrogen production process is realized. Specifically, the system collects photovoltaic power grid energy data and operating parameters (such as current, voltage and temperature) of each electrolytic cell in real time, and analyzes and evaluates the working state of each electrolytic cell through deep data analysis, so that a control strategy is customized for each electrolytic cell. Besides, the system also adopts an optimized equipment proportion configuration scheme including specific proportion relations between the transformer and the rectifier cabinet, between the rectifier cabinet and the electrolytic bath, between the electrolytic bath and the gas-liquid separation device and between the gas-liquid separation device and the purification device, so that the operation cost and the capital expenditure are reduced, and the occupied area is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of power generation technology, and particularly to a multi-electrolyzer cluster control method and system for photovoltaic hydrogen production. Background Art

[0002] With the growth of the global demand for clean energy and the improvement of environmental protection awareness, using solar photovoltaic power generation for water electrolysis to produce hydrogen has become a highly potential green energy solution. In a photovoltaic hydrogen production system, in order to maximize the utilization of unstable solar energy resources and ensure the continuity and stability of the hydrogen production process, the coordinated control of a multi-electrolyzer cluster is particularly important. By optimizing the management of the working states of multiple electrolyzers, the efficiency and output quality of the entire system can be significantly improved.

[0003] However, there are some significant deficiencies in the existing multi-electrolyzer control technologies for photovoltaic hydrogen production. First, in terms of control accuracy, traditional control systems often rely on fixed parameter settings or simple feedback mechanisms, making it difficult to achieve precise monitoring and adjustment of the operating states of each electrolyzer. This results in the system being unable to dynamically adjust the working parameters of each electrolyzer according to real-time changing environmental conditions (such as light intensity, temperature, etc.), thus affecting the overall efficiency.

[0004] Secondly, slow response speed is also a prominent problem. When the light conditions change rapidly, traditional systems, due to the lack of efficient prediction and adaptive capabilities, cannot adjust the working parameters of each electrolyzer in time to adapt to the new energy input situation, thereby affecting the stability and efficiency of hydrogen production. In addition, existing technologies also face challenges in meeting the requirements of large-scale hydrogen production equipment, such as how to reduce the floor area, lower the capital expenditure (CAPEX) and operating costs (OPEX), and better match the requirements of downstream chemical application scenarios. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In the first aspect of the present disclosure, a multi-electrolyzer cluster control method for photovoltaic hydrogen production is provided, including the following steps:

[0006] According to the real-time monitored output energy value E of the photovoltaic power grid, dynamically adjust the number N of transformers put into operation, and the adjustment rule is: when E > 180 kW, N = 5; when 120 kW < E ≤ 180 kW, N = 4; when 80 kW < E ≤ 120 kW, N = 3; when 40 kW < E ≤ 80 kW, N = 2; when E ≤ 40 kW, N = 1;

[0007] Based on the number N of transformers, configure the number of rectifier cabinets in a ratio of 1:2 and configure the number of electrolyzers in a ratio of 1:1;

[0008] Connect the electrolytic cell to the gas-liquid separation device in a ratio of 4:1, and connect the gas-liquid separation device to the purification device in a ratio of 2:1;

[0009] By collecting the voltage, current, and temperature parameters of each electrolytic cell in real time, dynamically adjust the output power of the rectifier cabinet to maintain the electrolysis efficiency in the range of 85%-92%.

[0010] Combined with the first aspect, in the dynamic adjustment of the number N of transformers put into operation according to the output energy value E of the photovoltaic power grid monitored in real time:

[0011] Set an energy hysteresis interval to avoid frequent switching. The hysteresis interval is the upshift threshold group [40kW, 80kW, 120kW, 180kW] and the downshift threshold group [35kW, 75kW, 115kW, 175kW];

[0012] When the energy value is in the ±5kW overlap area between adjacent thresholds, keep the current number of transformers unchanged.

[0013] Combined with the first aspect, the specific steps of dynamically adjusting the output power of the rectifier cabinet by collecting the voltage, current, and temperature parameters of each electrolytic cell in real time to maintain the electrolysis efficiency in the range of 85%-92% include:

[0014] Establish an electrolytic cell efficiency model: η = 0.92*(I / I_rated)^0.8*(T / 60)^(-0.1), where I is the real-time current, I_rated is the rated current value, and T is the temperature (°C);

[0015] When it is detected that η drops to 85%, increase the voltage of the corresponding rectifier cabinet by 2-5V;

[0016] When η exceeds 92%, reduce the voltage of the rectifier cabinet by 1-3V and start the standby electrolytic cell.

[0017] The second aspect of the present disclosure provides a photovoltaic hydrogen production multi-electrolytic cell cluster control system, including:

[0018] Energy adaptation module: It includes 1-5 transformers connected in parallel, and each transformer is connected to two rectifier cabinets;

[0019] Electrolytic cell cluster module: It includes an electrolytic cell array connected to the rectifier cabinet in a 1:1 ratio, and each electrolytic cell is equipped with a voltage sensor, a current probe, and a temperature sensor;

[0020] Gas treatment module: It includes a gas-liquid separator connected to every 4 electrolytic cells and a purification device connected to every 2 gas-liquid separators;

[0021] Intelligent control unit: It includes a data acquisition card with a sampling frequency ≥ 100 Hz, an embedded processor that runs the photovoltaic hydrogen production multi - electrolyzer cluster control method, a PLC controller, and outputs a PWM control signal to the rectifier cabinet.

[0022] Combined with the second aspect, the rectifier cabinet includes:

[0023] Three - phase full - bridge IGBT circuit with a switching frequency ≥ 20 kHz, a harmonic suppression module with THD ≤ 3%, and a power factor correction unit with a PF value ≥ 0.98.

[0024] Combined with the second aspect, the intelligent control unit is configured with:

[0025] A CAN bus for device - level communication and a 5G module for cloud data transmission;

[0026] When it is detected that the temperature of a single electrolyzer > 80 °C, cut off the power supply of the corresponding rectifier cabinet, start the compensation operation of the adjacent electrolyzer, and trigger an audible and visual alarm signal.

[0027] Beneficial effects: A photovoltaic hydrogen production multi - electrolyzer cluster control method and system provided by the present disclosure achieve the optimized management of the multi - electrolyzer cluster in the photovoltaic hydrogen production process through efficient data acquisition, accurate data analysis, personalized control strategy formulation, and intelligent cluster coordination control. Specifically, the system real - time collects photovoltaic grid energy data and the operating parameters of each electrolyzer (such as current, voltage, temperature, etc.), and evaluates the working state of each electrolyzer through in - depth data analysis, and then tailors a control strategy for each electrolyzer. In addition, the system also adopts an optimized equipment ratio configuration scheme, including specific ratio relationships between the transformer and the rectifier cabinet, the rectifier cabinet and the electrolyzer, the electrolyzer and the gas - liquid separation device, and the gas - liquid separation device and the purification device, to reduce operating costs and capital expenditures and reduce the floor area. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] Figure 1 It is a schematic flow chart of a photovoltaic hydrogen production multi - electrolyzer cluster control method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0029] Figure 2 It is a schematic structural diagram of a photovoltaic hydrogen production multi - electrolyzer cluster control system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0030] Here, the exemplary embodiments will be described in detail, and the examples are shown in the drawings. When the following description refers to the drawings, unless otherwise indicated, the same numbers in different drawings represent the same or similar elements. The embodiments described in the following exemplary embodiments do not represent all embodiments consistent with the embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0031] The terms used in the embodiments of the present disclosure are for the purpose of describing specific embodiments only and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present disclosure. The singular forms "a", "the", and "said" used in the embodiments of the present disclosure and the appended claims are also intended to include the plural forms unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. It should also be understood that the term "and / or" as used herein refers to and encompasses any and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0032] It should be understood that although the terms first, second, third, etc. may be used in the embodiments of the present disclosure to describe various information, such information should not be limited to these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish information of the same type from each other. For example, without departing from the scope of the embodiments of the present disclosure, the first information may also be referred to as the second information, and similarly, the second information may also be referred to as the first information. Depending on the context, the word "if" as used herein may be interpreted as "when" or "while" or "in response to determining".

[0033] As Figure 1 shown, it is a schematic flow chart of a multi-electrolyzer cluster control method for photovoltaic hydrogen production according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, including:

[0034] S101: Dynamically adjust the number N of transformers put into operation according to the real-time monitored output energy value E of the photovoltaic power grid. The adjustment rule is: when E > 180 kW, N = 5; when 120 kW < E ≤ 180 kW, N = 4; when 80 kW < E ≤ 120 kW, N = 3; when 40 kW < E ≤ 80 kW, N = 2; when E ≤ 40 kW, N = 1;

[0035] S102: Based on the number N of transformers, configure the number of rectifier cabinets in a 1:2 ratio and configure the number of electrolyzers in a 1:1 ratio;

[0036] S103: Connect the electrolyzers to the gas-liquid separation device in a 4:1 ratio, and connect the gas-liquid separation device to the purification device in a 2:1 ratio;

[0037] S104: Dynamically adjust the output power of the rectifier cabinet by real-time collecting the voltage, current, and temperature parameters of each electrolyzer to maintain the electrolysis efficiency in the range of 85% - 92%.

[0038] Exemplarily, dynamically adjust the number N of transformers put into operation according to the real-time output energy E of the photovoltaic power grid:

[0039] When E > 180 kW, N = 5 (all transformers are put into operation and operate at full load),

[0040] When 120 kW < E ≤ 180 kW, N = 4 (one transformer is reduced),

[0041] When 80kW ≤ E ≤ 120kW, N = 3,

[0042] When 40kW < E ≤ 80kW, N = 2,

[0043] When E ≤ 40kW, N = 1 (operating at minimum load),

[0044] Since the output power of the photovoltaic power grid is greatly affected by factors such as weather, sunlight intensity, and seasons, this method can avoid maintaining high loads at low power, reducing energy waste. Gradually adjusting the number of transformers put into operation can avoid frequent starts and stops caused by power fluctuations and improve the stability of the system.

[0045] Determine the operating numbers of the rectifier cabinets and electrolyzers according to the number of transformers N:

[0046] The number of rectifier cabinets M = N × 2,

[0047] The number of electrolyzers S = M × 1,

[0048] Since the rectifier cabinet is used to convert alternating current into direct current and supply power to the electrolyzers, according to the 1:2 transformer-rectifier cabinet ratio, stable power supply can be ensured under different load conditions. The 1:1 configuration of the rectifier cabinets and electrolyzers means that each rectifier cabinet independently controls one electrolyzer, which helps to precisely control the working state of each electrolyzer and prevent the entire system from being affected by a single-point failure. This method of dynamic adjustment according to the ratio makes the system highly scalable and can flexibly adapt to different scales of photovoltaic hydrogen production requirements.

[0049] Connect 1 gas-liquid separation device to every 4 electrolyzers, and connect 1 purification device to every 2 gas-liquid separation devices. The electrolyzers produce a mixed gas of hydrogen and oxygen, which contains a certain amount of water vapor and must pass through the gas-liquid separation device to remove impurities. The 4:1 configuration of the gas-liquid separation device means that 1 gas-liquid separation device can handle the output of 4 electrolyzers, ensuring a reasonable system layout. The 2:1 configuration of the purification device indicates that the system has a certain redundant design. Even if a certain gas-liquid separation device fails, a certain hydrogen production capacity can still be maintained, improving the reliability of the system.

[0050] By real-time collecting the voltage, current, and temperature parameters of the electrolyzers, dynamically adjust the output power of the rectifier cabinets to keep the electrolysis efficiency η in the range of 85% - 92%.

[0051] The adopted electrolysis efficiency model:

[0052]

[0053] Where I is the real-time current, I_rated is the rated current value, and T is the temperature (°C). This model comprehensively considers the effects of current and temperature on the electrolysis efficiency, which helps to accurately predict and dynamically optimize the electrolysis process.

[0054] When η drops to 85%, it means that the system efficiency decreases. At this time, it is necessary to increase the output voltage of the rectifier cabinet by 2 - 5V, increase the current, and improve the electrolysis efficiency. When η exceeds 92%, it indicates that the system is overloaded. At this time, it is necessary to reduce the rectifier cabinet voltage by 1 - 3V and start the standby electrolyzer to prevent overheating or accelerate equipment aging. This dynamic power regulation mechanism can ensure that the hydrogen production process operates within the optimal efficiency range, reduce energy loss, and improve economic efficiency.

[0055] Furthermore, in the dynamic adjustment of the number of transformers N put into operation according to the real-time monitored output energy value E of the photovoltaic power grid:

[0056] An energy hysteresis interval is set to avoid frequent switching. The hysteresis interval is the upshift threshold group [40kW, 80kW, 120kW, 180kW] and the downshift threshold group [35kW, 75kW, 115kW, 175kW];

[0057] When the energy value is in the ±5kW overlapping area between adjacent thresholds, the current number of transformers remains unchanged.

[0058] Specifically, in the multi-electrolyzer cluster control method for photovoltaic hydrogen production, in order to avoid mechanical shock and system fluctuations caused by frequent switching of transformers, an energy hysteresis interval is used for dynamic adjustment. Specifically, an upshift threshold group [40kW, 80kW, 120kW, 180kW] and a downshift threshold group [35kW, 75kW, 115kW, 175kW] are set.

[0059] When the output energy E of the photovoltaic power grid is in the ±5kW overlapping interval between adjacent thresholds, the current number of transformers remains unchanged. For example, if the current E = 118kW, that is, between 115kW and 120kW, the number of transformers remains unchanged, and the number of transformers will only be adjusted when E > 120kW or E < 115kW.

[0060] This method effectively reduces the frequent start and stop of equipment caused by short-term energy fluctuations and improves the system stability.

[0061] Furthermore, the dynamic adjustment of the output power of the rectifier cabinet by collecting the voltage, current, and temperature parameters of each electrolyzer in real time to maintain the electrolysis efficiency in the range of 85% - 92% specifically includes:

[0062] Establish an electrolyzer efficiency model: η = 0.92*(I / I_rated)^0.8*(T / 60)^(-0.1), where I is the real-time current, I_rated is the rated current value, and T is the temperature (°C);

[0063] When it is detected that η drops to 85%, increase the voltage of the corresponding rectifier cabinet by 2 - 5V;

[0064] When η exceeds 92%, decrease the voltage of the rectifier cabinet by 1 - 3V and start the standby electrolyzer.

[0065] Specifically, when it is detected that the electrolysis efficiency η drops by 85%, the system will increase the voltage of the corresponding rectifier cabinet by 2 - 5V to increase the input power of the electrolyzer, increase the current, and maintain a reasonable electrolysis reaction rate. At the same time, if the temperature is too high, the cooling system will be started to prevent the efficiency from further decreasing.

[0066] When it is detected that the electrolysis efficiency η exceeds 92%, the system will decrease the voltage of the rectifier cabinet by 1 - 3V to reduce the input power of the electrolyzer, prevent excessive power consumption, and extend the equipment life. In addition, if the overall electrolyzer efficiency is still high, the system will start the standby electrolyzer to transfer part of the load to the standby equipment and further optimize the operating state.

[0067] Beneficial effects: By introducing a hysteresis interval, the dynamic switching logic of the transformer is optimized, and the instability of frequent system adjustments is reduced. At the same time, based on the power adjustment strategy of the electrolysis efficiency model, the electrolyzer can always be maintained in the high-efficiency interval, improving energy utilization efficiency, reducing operating costs, and extending the service life of the equipment. To further improve the system intelligence, AI prediction can be combined to analyze the future photovoltaic energy change situation in advance and optimize the adjustment strategies of the transformer and rectifier cabinet. In addition, the voltage adjustment of the rectifier cabinet can adopt PID control to avoid overshoot caused by sudden adjustments and make the system adjustment more stable. Through these optimizations, the photovoltaic hydrogen production system can operate more efficiently and stably, and is suitable for application scenarios such as new energy energy storage and industrial hydrogen production.

[0068] As Figure 2 shown, it is a schematic structural diagram of a photovoltaic hydrogen production multi-electrolyzer cluster control system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, including:

[0069] Energy adaptation module 210: It includes 1 - 5 transformers connected in parallel, and each transformer is connected to two rectifier cabinets;

[0070] Electrolysis cluster module 220: It includes an electrolyzer array connected to the rectifier cabinet in a 1:1 ratio, and each electrolyzer is equipped with a voltage sensor, a current probe, and a temperature sensor;

[0071] Gas processing module 230: It includes a gas-liquid separator connected to every 4 electrolyzers, and a purification device connected to every 2 gas-liquid separators;

[0072] Intelligent control unit 240: It includes a data acquisition card with a sampling frequency ≥ 100 Hz, an embedded processor that runs the photovoltaic hydrogen production multi-electrolyzer cluster control method, a PLC controller, and outputs a PWM regulation signal to the rectifier cabinet.

[0073] Specifically, the photovoltaic hydrogen production multi-electrolyzer cluster control system consists of multiple functional modules, and each module works together to achieve an efficient and stable photovoltaic hydrogen production process.

[0074] The energy adaptation module is responsible for reasonably distributing the energy output from the photovoltaic power grid to the electrolyzer cluster. This module includes 1 - 5 transformers and adopts a parallel structure to adapt to different power requirements. Each transformer is connected to two rectifier cabinets to ensure stable power supply, and the number of transformers is dynamically adjusted to match the volatility of photovoltaic power generation, improving the power utilization efficiency.

[0075] The electrolyzer cluster module mainly consists of an electrolyzer array. The electrolyzers are connected to the rectifier cabinets in a 1:1 ratio to ensure that each electrolyzer can obtain an independent and stable DC power supply. For precise control, each electrolyzer is equipped with a voltage sensor, a current probe, and a temperature sensor to monitor the key parameters during the electrolysis process in real time. These sensing data will be fed back to the intelligent control unit to optimize the current and voltage regulation and maintain the efficient operation of the electrolyzers.

[0076] The gas processing module is responsible for the preliminary separation and purification of the hydrogen and oxygen generated by electrolysis to improve the purity of the hydrogen product. First, every 4 electrolyzers are connected to 1 gas-liquid separator to remove moisture and impurity gases during the electrolysis process. Subsequently, every 2 gas-liquid separators are further connected to 1 purification device to deeply purify the hydrogen to ensure that the quality of the final hydrogen meets the industrial application standards.

[0077] The intelligent control unit, as the core of the system, is responsible for data acquisition, calculation analysis, and automatic control. This unit includes a data acquisition card with a sampling frequency ≥ 100 Hz, which can quickly capture the working state of the electrolyzers to achieve refined control. The control system is based on an embedded processor and runs the photovoltaic hydrogen production multi-electrolyzer cluster control method to dynamically adjust the output power of the rectifier cabinet to maintain the electrolysis efficiency in the optimal range of 85% - 92%. The intelligent control unit is also equipped with a PLC controller to adjust the output voltage of the rectifier cabinet through a PWM regulation signal to ensure the stability and efficiency of the system under different working conditions.

[0078] In addition, the intelligent control unit can expand the CAN bus for device-level communication to achieve multi-module collaborative work. Meanwhile, a 5G communication module is integrated to support cloud data transmission, making remote monitoring and intelligent optimization possible. In terms of security, when the temperature of a certain electrolytic cell is detected to exceed 80 °C, the system will cut off the power supply of the corresponding rectifier cabinet, start the compensation operation of the adjacent electrolytic cell, and trigger an audible and visual alarm signal to remind the operation and maintenance personnel to conduct inspections.

[0079] The system structure design fully considers the photovoltaic energy fluctuation, the working state of the electrolytic cell, and the gas treatment requirements, achieving efficient and intelligent photovoltaic hydrogen production control. Through modular design, each unit can be independently optimized and work together simultaneously, making the system have higher stability and adaptability, and being suitable for large-scale hydrogen production scenarios.

[0080] Furthermore, the rectifier cabinet includes:

[0081] Three-phase full-bridge IGBT circuit with a switching frequency ≥ 20 kHz, harmonic suppression module with THD ≤ 3%, power factor correction unit with PF value ≥ 0.98.

[0082] Specifically, as the core power supply device of the system, the rectifier cabinet adopts a three-phase full-bridge IGBT circuit to provide an efficient and stable DC power supply. IGBT (Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor) has the advantages of high switching speed and low conduction loss, enabling the rectifier to maintain high energy efficiency in high-power and high-frequency working environments.

[0083] The switching frequency of the rectifier cabinet is ≥ 20 kHz, and this design can effectively improve the power conversion efficiency and reduce electromagnetic interference (EMI). To further optimize the output power quality, the rectifier cabinet integrates a harmonic suppression module to control the total harmonic distortion (THD) within ≤ 3%, thereby reducing the interference to the power grid and electrical equipment and improving the overall system stability.

[0084] In addition, the rectifier cabinet is also equipped with a power factor correction (PFC) unit to make the power factor (PF) reach ≥ 0.98. A high power factor means higher power utilization efficiency, reduced reactive power loss, thereby improving energy efficiency and reducing the burden on the power supply system.

[0085] Furthermore, the intelligent control unit is configured with:

[0086] CAN bus for device-level communication and 5G module for cloud data transmission; [[ID=2^5]]

[0087] When the temperature of a single electrolytic cell is detected to be > 80 °C, cut off the power supply of the corresponding rectifier cabinet, start the compensation operation of the adjacent electrolytic cell, and trigger an audible and visual alarm signal.

[0088] Specifically, the intelligent control unit undertakes the functions of data acquisition, real-time calculation and intelligent regulation of the system. To ensure efficient and stable operation, this unit is configured with a CAN bus and a 5G module.

[0089] The CAN bus is responsible for device-level communication and is used for high-speed data transmission between devices such as rectifier cabinets, electrolyzers, and sensors. The high anti-interference ability and real-time performance of the CAN bus enable the system to quickly respond to dynamic load adjustments, improving control accuracy and system stability.

[0090] The 5G module is used for cloud data transmission and supports remote monitoring and control. Through the 5G network, the system can upload real-time data to the cloud, enabling remote operation and maintenance, fault prediction, and intelligent optimization, thereby improving the intelligence level of the system.

[0091] In terms of safety management, the intelligent control unit is built with an efficient fault detection and emergency handling mechanism. When the temperature of a single electrolyzer is monitored to be >80°C, the system will immediately execute safety protection measures:

[0092] Cut off the power supply of the corresponding rectifier cabinet to prevent equipment damage or abnormal failure of the electrolyzer caused by overheating.

[0093] Start the compensation operation of adjacent electrolyzers to ensure that the overall hydrogen production efficiency is not affected and achieve load balance.

[0094] Trigger an audible and visual alarm signal to notify the operation and maintenance personnel to check in time and take corresponding measures to prevent the further expansion of potential safety hazards.

[0095] Beneficial effects: This intelligent safety strategy effectively reduces the operation risk of the system, improves the reliability of the equipment, and makes the photovoltaic hydrogen production system safer, more efficient, and controllable.

[0096] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present disclosure, and are not intended to limit them; although the present disclosure has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions recorded in the foregoing embodiments, or perform equivalent replacements for some of the technical features; and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the various embodiments of the present disclosure, and should all be included in the protection scope of the present disclosure.

Claims

1. A multi-electrolyzer cluster control method for photovoltaic hydrogen production, characterized in that, The steps include: According to the output energy value E of the photovoltaic power grid monitored in real time, dynamically adjust the number N of transformers put into operation. The adjustment rule is: when E > 180 kW, N = 5; when 120 kW < E ≤ 180 kW, N = 4; when 80 kW < E ≤ 120 kW, N = 3; when 40 kW < E ≤ 80 kW, N = 2; when E ≤ 40 kW, N = 1; Based on the number N of transformers, configure the number of rectifier cabinets in a 1:2 ratio and the number of electrolyzers in a 1:1 ratio; Connect the electrolyzers to the gas-liquid separation device in a 4:1 ratio, and connect the gas-liquid separation device to the purification device in a 2:1 ratio; By collecting the voltage, current, and temperature parameters of each electrolyzer in real time, dynamically adjust the output power of the rectifier cabinet to maintain the electrolysis efficiency in the range of 85% - 92%.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein In the step of dynamically adjusting the number N of transformers put into operation according to the output energy value E of the photovoltaic power grid monitored in real time: Set an energy hysteresis interval to avoid frequent switching. The hysteresis interval is the upshift threshold group [40 kW, 80 kW, 120 kW, 180 kW] and the downshift threshold group [35 kW, 75 kW, 115 kW, 175 kW]; When the energy value is in the ±5 kW overlapping area between adjacent thresholds, keep the current number of transformers unchanged.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of dynamically adjusting the output power of the rectifier cabinet by collecting the voltage, current, and temperature parameters of each electrolyzer in real time to maintain the electrolysis efficiency in the range of 85% - 92% specifically includes: Establish an electrolyzer efficiency model: η = 0.92*(I / I_rated)^0.8*(T / 60)^(-0.1), where I is the real-time current, I_rated is the rated current value, and T is the temperature (°C); When it is detected that η drops to 85%, increase the voltage of the corresponding rectifier cabinet by 2 - 5 V; When η exceeds 92%, reduce the rectifier cabinet voltage by 1 - 3 V and start the standby electrolyzer.

4. A multi-electrolyzer cluster control system for photovoltaic hydrogen production, operating according to the method described in claim 1, wherein, It includes: Energy adaptation module: containing 1 - 5 transformers connected in parallel, and each transformer is connected to two rectifier cabinets; Electrolysis cluster module: containing an electrolyzer array connected to the rectifier cabinet in a 1:1 ratio, and each electrolyzer is equipped with a voltage sensor, a current probe, and a temperature sensor; Gas treatment module: containing a gas-liquid separator connected to every 4 electrolyzers and a purification device connected to every 2 gas-liquid separators; Intelligent control unit: containing a data acquisition card with a sampling frequency ≥ 100 Hz, an embedded processor running the photovoltaic hydrogen production multi-electrolyzer cluster control method, a PLC controller, and outputting a PWM control signal to the rectifier cabinet.

5. The system according to claim 4, wherein The rectifier cabinet includes: Three-phase full-bridge IGBT circuit with a switching frequency ≥ 20 kHz, a harmonic suppression module with THD ≤ 3%, and a power factor correction unit with a PF value ≥ 0.

98.

6. The system according to claim 4, wherein The intelligent control unit is configured with: A CAN bus for device-level communication and a 5G module for cloud data transmission; When it is detected that the temperature of a single electrolyzer > 80 °C, cut off the power supply of the corresponding rectifier cabinet, start the adjacent electrolyzer for compensation operation, and trigger an audible and visual alarm signal.

Images