Flexible stab-resistant composite material based on three-dimensional angle interlocking fabric and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention provides a flexible stab-resistant composite material based on a three-dimensional angle interlocking fabric and a preparation method thereof, and relates to the technical field of composite materials, and the preparation method comprises the following steps: weaving the three-dimensional angle interlocking fabric with an interlayer oblique crossing angle interlocking structure; polyvinyl alcohol-sodium alginate hydrogel is prepared; the three-dimensional angle interlocking fabric is coated with the polyvinyl alcohol-sodium alginate hydrogel; and freezing and unfreezing the three-dimensional angle interlocking fabric coated with the polyvinyl alcohol-sodium alginate hydrogel to obtain the three-dimensional angle interlocking fabric-hydrogel composite material. The high-performance fiber three-dimensional angle interlocking fabric is used as a reinforcing body, the tough hydrogel is used as a flexible matrix, the protective performance of the stab-resistant material in a low-temperature environment is guaranteed, meanwhile, the stab-resistant material is endowed with multiple functions such as strain sensing and air and moisture permeability, and the balance of the protective effect, wearing comfort and multiple functions is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of composite materials, and in particular relates to a flexible stab-resistant composite material based on three-dimensional angle-interlocked fabric and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] With the diversification and complexity of social security threats, stab-resistant vests are becoming essential personal protective equipment (PPE) for law enforcement teams and security personnel to resist the threat of sharp object punctures. Considering the differences in material properties, stab-resistant materials can be classified into three categories: rigid stab-resistant materials, semi-rigid stab-resistant materials, and flexible stab-resistant materials. With the widespread use of high-performance fibers, flexible stab-resistant materials with textile structures have gradually replaced rigid and semi-rigid stab-resistant materials and become the mainstream development direction of PPE.

[0003] In flexible stab-resistant equipment, fabrics play a key role in supporting and dispersing stress as reinforcement. Currently, researchers mostly use high-performance fiber yarns to prepare the reinforcement, such as ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) with the advantages of high strength and low density, aramid fibers with high strength, high temperature resistance, and chemical corrosion resistance, etc. The above high-performance fiber yarns are mainly made into fabrics through textile processing methods such as weaving, knitting, and non-woven. For example, when a woven fabric is punctured, the mutual extrusion and friction between the warp and weft yarns effectively dissipate the puncture energy. When a warp-knitted or weft-knitted fabric is stabbed, due to the elastic and extensible coil structure, the impact force of the stab needle can be dispersed through the deformation of the coil. The stab-resistant mechanism of non-woven materials is similar to that of woven fabrics, mainly through the deformation buffering of the structure, the aggregation and fracture of fibers to hinder the intrusion of puncturing objects. The above three fabric structures are all applied in the research and development of stab-resistant materials. However, since stab-resistant fabrics usually need to be laminated in multiple layers, when the laminated fabric is dynamically impacted, there is a lack of sufficient connection between layers, and conditions such as interlayer separation and sliding are likely to occur, reducing the stab-resistant effect.

[0004] To further improve the protective effect of stab-resistant fabrics, researchers usually enhance high-performance fabrics through three methods: impregnation with shear thickening materials, hard particle coating, and flexible matrix composite. Shear thickening materials mainly include shear thickening fluids (STF) and shear thickening gels (STG). After being combined with fabrics, these materials can not only quickly harden upon impact to resist external forces but also keep the fabrics light and flexible. However, the triggering of the protective effect of flexible stab-resistant composite materials based on the shear thickening principle is highly dependent on the impact speed and is difficult to meet actual requirements in some scenarios. Hard particle coating enhances the anti-puncture performance of materials by coating hard particles (such as silicon carbide, boron carbide, etc.) on the surface of high-performance fibers or between fabric layers. However, this strategy faces challenges such as coating uniformity, breathability of composite materials, and long-term use stability. Using a flexible polymer matrix to wrap fiber reinforcements is also one of the important ways to improve the anti-impact performance of stab-resistant materials. Among them, hydrogels, which are relatively soft in texture and have good strength and toughness, have received extensive attention from researchers and the industry. Hydrogels are a type of macromolecular polymer composed of a cross-linked polymer molecular chain network. They can effectively absorb and disperse impact energy and, by filling the gaps between the warp and weft intersections of fabrics, restrict yarn slippage and increase the friction between yarns, thereby enhancing their protective performance while retaining the light and soft characteristics to the greatest extent. More importantly, these polymer materials show great development potential in sensing, anti-freezing, flame retardancy, self-healing, etc., providing an important idea for the development of multifunctional flexible stab-resistant composite materials with both high protective performance and excellent wearing comfort.

[0005] However, when the flexible matrix composite method is applied to laminated fabrics, it has drawbacks, including: (1) When the flexible stab-resistant composite material based on laminated fabrics is subjected to dynamic impact puncture, fabric delamination occurs, resulting in greater dent deformation of the material and affecting the stab-resistant effect. (2) Under the current development trend of multi-application scenarios and multifunctionalization of PPE equipment, existing materials have problems such as attenuation of protective performance and relatively single functions in low-temperature environments, and cannot achieve a balance among protective performance, physiological comfort, and multifunctionalization. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In view of the above problems, the present invention proposes a flexible stab-resistant composite material based on a three-dimensional angle interlock fabric and its preparation method. Using a high-performance fiber three-dimensional angle interlock fabric as the reinforcement and a tough hydrogel as the flexible matrix, while ensuring the protective performance of the stab-resistant material in a low-temperature environment, it endows it with multiple functions such as strain sensing, breathable and moisture-permeable, achieving a balance among protective effect, wearing comfort, and multifunctionality.

[0007] To achieve the above object, the present invention discloses a flexible stab-resistant composite material based on a three-dimensional angle interlock fabric and its preparation method, including the steps:

[0008] Weaving a three-dimensional angle interlock fabric with an interlayer skew angle interlock structure;

[0009] Preparing a polyvinyl alcohol-sodium alginate hydrogel;

[0010] Applying the polyvinyl alcohol-sodium alginate hydrogel to the three-dimensional angle interlock fabric;

[0011] Freezing and thawing the three-dimensional angle interlock fabric coated with the polyvinyl alcohol-sodium alginate hydrogel to obtain a three-dimensional angle interlock fabric-hydrogel composite material.

[0012] As a further improvement of the present invention, aramid yarns and ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene yarns are selected as warp and weft yarns to weave the three-dimensional angle interlock fabric with an interlayer skew angle interlock structure.

[0013] As a further improvement of the present invention, both the aramid yarns and the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene yarns are processed into non-twisted three-strand yarns with a linear density of 300 dtex×3. Using the three-strand yarns, the three-dimensional angle interlock fabric with a 5-layer interlayer skew angle interlock structure is woven by a rapier loom.

[0014] As a further improvement of the present invention, the aramid warp yarns with three-strand yarns are installed on the loom according to the set tension requirements. The rapier loom introduces the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene weft yarns with three-strand yarns into the shed formed by the warp yarns through a rapier device, and interweaves with the warp yarns according to the preset weave, repeating the weft insertion and beating-up to form the three-dimensional angle interlock fabric.

[0015] As a further improvement of the present invention, the warp and weft densities of the three-dimensional angle interlock fabric are 980 per 10 cm and 820 per 10 cm respectively, and the fiber volume fraction is 55%.

[0016] As a further improvement of the present invention, the polyvinyl alcohol / sodium alginate hydrogel is prepared by the freeze-thaw method. 5.0 g of polyvinyl alcohol / and 0.4 g of sodium alginate are dissolved in 44.6 g of a deionized water-glycerol mixed solution, and stirred at 95 °C for 2 h to obtain the uniform and transparent polyvinyl alcohol-sodium alginate hydrogel.

[0017] As a further improvement of the present invention, the polyvinyl alcohol / sodium alginate hydrogel is applied to the three-dimensional angle interlock fabric at 0.15 MPa and 10 rpm using a fully automatic laminating machine at 40% of the fabric volume fraction.

[0018] As a further improvement of the present invention, the three-dimensional angle interlock fabric coated with the polyvinyl alcohol-sodium alginate hydrogel is frozen at -30 °C for 4 h and thawed at 35 °C for 1 h to obtain the three-dimensional angle interlock fabric-hydrogel composite material.

[0019] As a further improvement of the present invention, at 25 °C, the three-dimensional angle-interlocked fabric-hydrogel composite is immersed in a K3Cit and Al2(SO4)3 solution with a solute ratio of 2:2 for 12 h to strengthen the three-dimensional angle-interlocked fabric-hydrogel composite.

[0020] The present invention provides a flexible stab-resistant composite material based on a three-dimensional angle-interlocked fabric obtained by the preparation method of the flexible stab-resistant composite material based on a three-dimensional angle-interlocked fabric as described above.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0022] The present invention uses a high-performance fiber three-dimensional angle-interlocked fabric as a reinforcement and a tough hydrogel as a flexible matrix, while ensuring the protective performance of the stab-resistant material in a low-temperature environment, endowing it with multiple functions such as strain sensing, air permeability, and moisture permeability, and achieving a balance among protective effect, wearing comfort, and multifunctionality.

[0023] The present invention uses a high-performance fiber three-dimensional angle-interlocked fabric as a reinforcement and a high-strength and high-toughness hydrogel as a flexible matrix. The flexible stab-resistant composite material prepared by the composite of the two has good low-temperature tolerance, excellent protective performance, strain sensing, and good wearing comfort at -30 °C.

[0024] After the three-dimensional angle-interlocked fabric is compounded with the hydrogel matrix in the present invention, the 5-layer three-dimensional fabric not only shows good low-temperature tolerance at -30 °C, but also has a significant improvement in its mechanical properties. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 It is a structural diagram of a flexible stab-resistant composite material based on a three-dimensional angle-interlocked fabric disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0026] Description of the reference numerals in the drawings:

[0027] 1, warp yarn; 2, weft yarn; 3, polyvinyl alcohol-sodium alginate hydrogel. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0028] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are some, but not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts based on the embodiments of the present invention fall within the scope of the present invention.

[0029] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the drawings:

[0030] The flexible stab-resistant composite material based on a three-dimensional angle-interlocked fabric and its preparation method disclosed by the present invention include the steps:

[0031] S1. Weave a three-dimensional angle-interlocked fabric with an interlayer skew angle-interlocked structure;

[0032] Among them,

[0033] Aramid yarns and ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene yarns are selected as warp yarns 1 and weft yarns 2, and a three-dimensional angle-interlocked fabric with an interlayer skew angle-interlocked structure is woven.

[0034] Furthermore,

[0035] Both the aramid yarns and the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene yarns are processed into non-twisted three-strand yarns with a linear density of 300 dtex × 3. Using the three-strand yarns, a three-dimensional angle-interlocked fabric with a 5-layer interlayer skew angle-interlocked structure is woven by a rapier loom.

[0036] Specifically,

[0037] The aramid warp yarns 1 with three-strand yarns are installed on the loom according to the set tension requirements. The rapier loom introduces the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene weft yarns 2 with three-strand yarns into the shed formed by the warp yarns 1 through the rapier device, and interweaves with the warp yarns 1 according to the preset weave. The weft insertion and beating are repeated to form a three-dimensional angle-interlocked fabric, as Figure 1 shown.

[0038] The warp and weft densities of the three-dimensional angle-interlocked fabric are 980 per 10 cm and 820 per 10 cm respectively, and the fiber volume fraction is 55%.

[0039] S2. Prepare polyvinyl alcohol-sodium alginate hydrogel 3;

[0040] Among them,

[0041] The polyvinyl alcohol-sodium alginate hydrogel 3 is prepared by the freeze-thaw method. 5.0 g of polyvinyl alcohol and 0.4 g of sodium alginate are dissolved in 44.6 g of a deionized water-glycerol mixed solution (mass ratio 1:1), and stirred at 95 °C for 2 h to obtain a uniform and transparent polyvinyl alcohol-sodium alginate hydrogel 3.

[0042] S3. Apply the polyvinyl alcohol-sodium alginate hydrogel 3 to the three-dimensional angle-interlocked fabric;

[0043] Among them,

[0044] The polyvinyl alcohol / sodium alginate hydrogel is applied to the three-dimensional angle-interlocked fabric at 0.15 MPa and 10 rpm using a fully automatic laminating machine according to 40% of the fabric volume fraction.

[0045] S4. Freeze and then thaw the three-dimensional angle interlocked fabric coated with the polyvinyl alcohol-sodium alginate hydrogel 3 to obtain a three-dimensional angle interlocked fabric-hydrogel composite material.

[0046] Among them,

[0047] Freeze the three-dimensional angle interlocked fabric coated with the polyvinyl alcohol-sodium alginate hydrogel 3 at -30 °C for 4 h, and then thaw it at 35 °C for 1 h to obtain a three-dimensional angle interlocked fabric-hydrogel composite material.

[0048] Furthermore,

[0049] At 25 °C, immerse the three-dimensional angle interlocked fabric-hydrogel composite material in a K3Cit and Al2(SO4)3 solution with a solute ratio of 2:2 for 12 h to strengthen the three-dimensional angle interlocked fabric-hydrogel composite material, and finally obtain a strengthened three-dimensional angle interlocked fabric-hydrogel composite material.

[0050] The present invention provides a flexible stab-resistant composite material based on a three-dimensional angle interlocked fabric obtained by the preparation method of the flexible stab-resistant composite material based on a three-dimensional angle interlocked fabric as described above.

[0051] The flexible stab-resistant composite material of the present invention is based on a three-dimensional angle interlock fabric. After the three-dimensional angle interlock fabric is compounded with a hydrogel matrix, the 5-layer three-dimensional angle interlock fabric not only exhibits good low-temperature tolerance at -30°C, but also has significantly improved mechanical properties. Tear, single-filament extraction, and puncture (quasi-static and dynamic) tests are carried out on the material. The peak tear force and peak extraction force reach 793.65 N and 25.22 N respectively, which are 13.66 times and 10.97 times that of the pure fabric; the maximum quasi-static puncture force at -30°C reaches 618.72 N, and the energy dissipation is 4.54 J, which are 6.18 times and 4.94 times that of the pure fabric respectively, and the kinetic energy absorbed accounts for 97% of the total drop hammer energy; the maximum dynamic puncture force at -30°C reaches 637.42 N, and the impact energy absorbed is 4.44 J, which are 1.55 times and 1.90 times that of the 5-layer laminated fabric respectively. Compared with the 5-layer laminated fabric, the depression depth of the composite material after puncture becomes smaller, and the depression depth drops from 13 mm to 7 mm, further confirming the strong interfacial bonding between the hydrogels and the restrictive effect of the high-performance three-dimensional angle interlock fabric on yarn slippage and interlayer separation. The flexural rigidity of this composite material is 155.66 mN / cm, only increasing by 38.06% compared with the pure fabric. Its thickness (0.33 mm) only increases by 6.45% compared with the pure fabric (0.31 mm). While the protective performance is significantly improved, it still has a certain degree of flexibility. As a wearable material, breathability and moisture permeability are also important physiological comfort indicators. The breathability of this composite material is 32.14 mm / s, only decreasing by 14.25% compared with the pure fabric (37.48 mm / s), and is much higher than that of polyimide (PI) tape (2.31 mm / s). In terms of moisture permeability, its moisture permeability (2173.19·g m -2 ·day -1 ) is comparable to that of the pure fabric (2030.24 g·m -2 ·day -1 ), and can fully meet the moisture absorption and sweat discharge requirements of human skin within the evaporation range of 300 - 600 g / (m 2 ·day). This composite material still has good conductivity (1.25 S / m) and linear sensitivity (GF = 0.978, R2 = 0.991) at -30°C, a wide detection range (0 - 100%, 0.5 - 2 Hz), and has a stable response ability to 2000 cycles of strain at -30°C.

[0052] Advantages of the present invention:

[0053] The present invention uses a high-performance fiber three-dimensional angle interlock fabric as the reinforcement and a tough hydrogel as the flexible matrix, while ensuring the protective performance of the stab-resistant material in a low-temperature environment, endowing it with multiple functions such as strain sensing, breathability, and moisture permeability, and achieving a balance among protective effect, wearing comfort, and multifunctionality.

[0054] The present invention uses a three-dimensional angle interlock fabric of high-performance fiber as the reinforcement and a high-strength and high-toughness hydrogel as the flexible matrix. The flexible stab-resistant composite material prepared by the combination of the two has good low-temperature tolerance, excellent protective performance, strain sensing, and good wearing comfort at -30°C.

[0055] After the three-dimensional angle interlock fabric is combined with the hydrogel matrix in the present invention, the 5-layer three-dimensional fabric not only shows good low-temperature tolerance at -30°C, but also has a significant improvement in its mechanical properties.

[0056] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention can have various changes and modifications. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. Preparation method of a flexible stab-resistant composite material based on a three-dimensional angle-interlocked fabric, characterized in that Including: Weaving a three-dimensional angle interlock fabric with an interlayer skew angle interlock structure; Preparing a polyvinyl alcohol-sodium alginate hydrogel; Applying the polyvinyl alcohol-sodium alginate hydrogel to the three-dimensional angle interlock fabric; Freezing and thawing the three-dimensional angle interlock fabric coated with the polyvinyl alcohol-sodium alginate hydrogel to obtain a three-dimensional angle interlock fabric-hydrogel composite material.

2. The preparation method of the flexible stab-resistant composite material based on three-dimensional angle-interlocked fabric according to claim 1, characterized in that: Selecting aramid yarns and ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene yarns as warp and weft yarns to weave the three-dimensional angle interlock fabric with an interlayer skew angle interlock structure.

3. The preparation method of the flexible stab-resistant composite material based on a three-dimensional angle-interlocked fabric according to claim 2, characterized in that: Processing both the aramid yarns and the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene yarns into untwisted three-ply yarns with a linear density of 300 dtex×3, and using the three-ply yarns to weave the three-dimensional angle interlock fabric with a 5-layer interlayer skew angle interlock structure through a rapier loom.

4. The preparation method of the flexible stab-resistant composite material based on the three-dimensional angle-interlocked fabric according to claim 3, characterized in that: Installing the aramid warp yarns with three-ply yarns onto the loom according to the set tension requirements, and the rapier loom introducing the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene weft yarns with three-ply yarns into the shed formed by the warp yarns through a rapier device, and interweaving with the warp yarns according to the preset weave, repeating the weft insertion and beating-up to form the three-dimensional angle interlock fabric.

5. The preparation method of the flexible stab-resistant composite material based on a three-dimensional angle-interlocked fabric according to claim 1, characterized in that: The warp and weft densities of the three-dimensional angle interlock fabric are 980 per 10 cm and 820 per 10 cm respectively, and the fiber volume fraction is 55%.

6. The preparation method of the flexible stab-resistant composite material based on the three-dimensional angle-interlocked fabric according to claim 1, characterized in that: Preparing the polyvinyl alcohol / sodium alginate hydrogel by the freeze-thaw method, dissolving 5.0 g of polyvinyl alcohol / and 0.4 g of sodium alginate in 44.6 g of a deionized water-glycerol mixed solution, and stirring at 95°C for 2 h to obtain the uniform and transparent polyvinyl alcohol-sodium alginate hydrogel.

7. The preparation method of the flexible stab-resistant composite material based on a three-dimensional angle-interlocked fabric according to claim 1, characterized in that: Using a fully automatic laminating machine to apply the polyvinyl alcohol / sodium alginate hydrogel to the three-dimensional angle interlock fabric at 0.15 MPa and 10 rpm according to 40% of the fabric volume fraction.

8. The preparation method of the flexible stab-resistant composite material based on a three-dimensional angle-interlocked fabric according to claim 1, characterized in that: Freezing the three-dimensional angle interlock fabric coated with the polyvinyl alcohol-sodium alginate hydrogel at -30°C for 4 h and thawing it at 35°C for 1 h to obtain the three-dimensional angle interlock fabric-hydrogel composite material.

9. The preparation method of the flexible stab-resistant composite material based on a three-dimensional angle-interlocked fabric according to claim 1, wherein: Soaking the three-dimensional angle interlock fabric-hydrogel composite material in a K3Cit and Al2(SO4)3 solution with a solute ratio of 2:2 at 25°C for 12 h to strengthen the three-dimensional angle interlock fabric-hydrogel composite material.

10. A flexible stab-resistant composite material based on a three-dimensional angle interlock fabric obtained by the preparation method of the flexible stab-resistant composite material based on a three-dimensional angle interlock fabric according to any one of claims 1 to 9.

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