Simulation experiment device for debris flow induced by landslide under multiple working conditions

Abstract

The invention discloses a simulation experiment device for inducing debris flow by landslide under multiple working conditions. The simulation experiment device comprises a rainfall simulation structure, a mountain ditch simulation structure and a height and earthquake simulation structure, the rainfall simulation structure comprises a rainfall support, a water storage tank, a water pump, a water pumping pipe, a rainfall pipeline and a rainfall shower head, the mountain ditch simulation structure comprises a plurality of ditches, and the height and earthquake simulation structure comprises a lifting rod, a lifting platform, a vibration component and a power source. The research efficiency is greatly improved and the scientific research cost is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of experimental devices for the whole-process evolution of debris flows induced by landslides under multiple working conditions, and particularly relates to a simulation experimental device for debris flows induced by landslides under multiple working conditions. Background Art

[0002] A landslide refers to the natural phenomenon that soil or rock mass on a slope slides downward along a certain weak surface or weak zone as a whole or dispersedly under the influence of factors such as river scouring, groundwater activity, rainwater soaking, earthquake, and artificial slope cutting under the action of gravity. The debris flow formed by a landslide carrying sediment and stones is usually triggered by natural factors such as rainfall and earthquake. This special flood is common in mountainous areas or gully areas and is characterized by suddenness, rapid flow, strong impact force, and high destructive power. Studying the initiation mechanism, development process, enhancement effect of landslide-induced debris flow, and its interaction with disaster prevention measures is the focus and challenge in the current field of disaster prevention and control.

[0003] Currently, the indoor research on landslide-induced debris flow mainly adopts the method of indoor simulation experiments. By setting simulated rainfall, simulated mountain ditches, simulated height, and simulated earthquake, etc., to simulate landslide-induced debris flow. The simulated mountain ditches are generally used to form the landslide body and stack the source of gully rock and soil mass. The simulated rainfall is to make the landslide body slide through the simulated rainfall flow ditch. The simulated height and simulated earthquake are to simulate the earthquake to make the landslide body slide.

[0004] In the previous research process, the indoor simulation devices for landslide-induced debris flow often have a fixed volume, simple devices, single applicable conditions, and simple simulation working conditions. For changes such as terrain and height, most are single-ditch, few-working-condition indoor simulation devices for simulation. For the indoor simulation research of landslide-induced debris flow in complex terrain and multiple working conditions, multiple devices are required for simulation, resulting in waste of manpower, material resources, and financial resources. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To overcome the above-mentioned problems, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a simulation experimental device for debris flows induced by landslides under multiple working conditions, which can simulate the debris flows induced by landslide bodies under multiple working conditions in areas with complex terrain, greatly improving the research efficiency and reducing the scientific research cost.

[0006] To achieve the above purpose, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a simulation experimental device for debris flows induced by landslides under multiple working conditions, including a simulated rainfall structure, a simulated mountain ditch structure, and a simulated height and earthquake structure;

[0007] The simulated rainfall structure includes a rainfall support, a water storage tank, a water pump, a water pumping pipe, a rainfall pipeline, and a rainfall shower head. The water storage tank is arranged outside the rainfall support. The water pump is arranged inside the water storage tank. One end of the water pumping pipe is connected to the output end of the water pump inside the water storage tank, and the other end is connected to the rainfall pipeline. The rainfall pipeline is arranged on the top of the rainfall support. The rainfall shower head is arranged on the rainfall pipeline, and the nozzle of the rainfall shower head is arranged inside the rainfall support;

[0008] The simulated mountain ditch structure includes several ditches. Each ditch includes several round-headed hollow rods with both ends connected in sequence, several three-sided ball cage universal joints, and several four-sided ball cage universal joints. The head and tail of the ditch can move in a certain direction, and the cross-section of the ditch is a parallelogram. A landslide body is placed inside the ditch;

[0009] The simulated height and earthquake structure includes a lifting rod, a lifting platform, a vibration component, and a power supply. The top end of the lifting rod is in contact with the bottom end of the ditch. The lifting platform is arranged at the bottom end of the lifting rod. The vibration component is arranged at the bottom end of the lifting platform. The power supply is arranged on one side of the vibration component and provides power for the vibration component.

[0010] Preferably, the water pumping pipe and the rainfall pipeline are detachably connected for convenient disassembly.

[0011] Preferably, a moving trolley for displacing the simulated height and earthquake structure is arranged at the bottom of the vibration component for convenient movement.

[0012] Preferably, an anti-slip friction layer is arranged between the three-sided ball cage universal joint and the round-headed hollow rod with both ends, and between the four-sided ball cage universal joint and the round-headed hollow rod with both ends.

[0013] Preferably, a fixing rod for fixing the rainfall shower head is arranged on the rainfall pipeline.

[0014] Preferably, a water guiding pipe is arranged on the fixing rod. One end of the water guiding pipe is communicated with the rainfall pipeline, and the other end is communicated with the rainfall shower head.

[0015] Preferably, the simulated height and earthquake structure drives the lifting and lowering of the lifting rod through the lifting of the lifting platform, thereby adjusting the height of the ditch. The vibration component generates vibration through the power supply and transmits the vibration to the ditch through the lifting platform and the lifting rod at the top of the vibration component to simulate an earthquake scenario.

[0016] Preferably, the angle of the ditch is adjusted through the connection points of the round-headed hollow rods with both ends, the three-sided ball cage universal joints, and the four-sided ball cage universal joints.

[0017] Preferably, the ditch further includes a water-retaining plate in the shape of a parallelogram. The water-retaining plate is inserted into the hollow end of the hollow rods with round heads at both ends as the constraint condition of the wall surface, and the water-retaining plate is fixed in the parallelogram of the ditch cross-section.

[0018] Preferably, it further includes a monitoring system. The monitoring system includes a number of high-speed cameras and laser rangefinders. The high-speed cameras are respectively arranged on both sides of the ditch and on the front side of the last section of the ditch. The high-speed cameras are used to record the movement process of the landslide-induced debris flow, and record the displacement and speed changes during the flow and liquefaction process of the landslide body. The laser rangefinder is arranged in the flow channel.

[0019] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: The model test of the landslide-induced debris flow under different working conditions within a regional range can be realized by simulating different working conditions such as earthquake, rainfall, and earthquake + rainfall and then simulating the real mountain ditch. By using a device to simulate the landslide-induced debris flow under different working conditions within the region, the research efficiency is greatly improved and the scientific research cost is reduced. Description of the Drawings

[0020] Figure 1 is the overall structural schematic diagram of this embodiment;

[0021] Figure 2 is the top view structural schematic diagram of the overall structure of this embodiment;

[0022] Figure 3 is the structural schematic diagram of the water-retaining plate of this embodiment;

[0023] Figure 4 is the structural schematic diagram of the four-side constant velocity joint of this embodiment;

[0024] Figure 5 is the structural schematic diagram of the three-side constant velocity joint of this embodiment;

[0025] Figure 6 is the structural schematic diagram of the simulation height and earthquake structure of this embodiment.

[0026] In the figure: 1. Landslide body; 11. Water storage tank; 12. Water pumping pipe; 2. Simulation height and earthquake structure; 2-1. Lifting rod; 2-2. Lifting platform; 2-3. Vibration component; 2-4. Mobile trolley; 2-5. Power supply; 3. Simulation rainfall structure; 3-1. Rainfall support; 3-2. Rainfall pipeline; 3-3. Fixed rod; 3-4. Rainfall shower head; 3-5. Water diversion pipe; 4. Hollow rods with round heads at both ends; 4-1. Water-retaining plate; 4-2. Round head; 4-3. Installation groove; 5. Four-side constant velocity joint; 5-1. Four-side constant velocity joint cage; 5-2. Four-side constant velocity joint rod; 6. Protection plate; 7. High-speed camera; 8. Height adjustment structure; 9. Three-side constant velocity joint; 9-1. Three-side constant velocity joint rod; 9-2. Three-side constant velocity joint cage; 10. Ditch. Detailed implementation manners

[0027] The following elaborates on the preferred embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, so that the advantages and features of the present invention can be more easily understood by those skilled in the art, thereby making the protection scope of the present invention more clearly defined.

[0028] See Figures 1-6 As shown, this embodiment discloses a simulation experiment device for debris flow induced by landslides under multiple working conditions, including a simulated rainfall structure 3, a simulated mountain ditch structure, a simulated height and earthquake structure 2, and a monitoring system;

[0029] The simulated rainfall structure 3 includes a rainfall support 31, a water storage tank 11, a water pump, a water extraction pipe 12, a rainfall pipeline 32, and a rainfall shower head 34. The water storage tank 11 is arranged outside the rainfall support 31. The water pump is arranged inside the water storage tank 11. One end of the water extraction pipe 12 is connected to the output end of the water pump inside the water storage tank 11, and the other end is connected to the rainfall pipeline 32. The pumping rate can be adjusted through a regulating valve electrically connected to the water pump. The rainfall pipeline 32 is arranged on the top of the rainfall support 31. The water extraction pipe 12 is detachably connected to the rainfall pipeline 32. The rainfall shower head 34 is arranged on the rainfall pipeline 32, and the nozzle of the rainfall shower head 34 is arranged inside the rainfall support 31 to simulate a rainfall environment by raining into the rainfall support 31. A fixing rod 33 for fixing the rainfall shower head 34 is arranged on the rainfall pipeline 32. A water guiding pipe 35 is arranged on the fixing rod 33. One end of the water guiding pipe 35 is communicated with the rainfall pipeline 32, and the other end is communicated with the rainfall shower head 34.

[0030] The simulated mountain ditch structure includes a plurality of ditches 10. Each ditch 10 includes a plurality of two-end round-head hollow rods 4 connected end to end in sequence, a plurality of three-side ball cage universal joints 9, a plurality of four-side ball cage universal joints 5, and a water isolation plate 41 in the shape of a parallelogram. The head and tail of the ditch 10 can move in a certain direction, and the cross-section of the ditch 10 is in the shape of a parallelogram. A landslide body 1 is placed inside the ditch 10. The angle of the ditch 10 is adjusted through the connection parts of the three-side ball cage universal joints 9 and the four-side ball cage universal joints 5 of the two-end round-head hollow rods 4. The water isolation plate 41 is inserted into the hollow end of the two-end round-head hollow rod 4 as a wall constraint condition, and the water isolation plate 41 is fixed in the parallelogram of the cross-section of the ditch 10. Anti-slip friction layers are arranged between the three-side ball cage universal joint 9 and the two-end round-head hollow rod 4 and between the four-side ball cage universal joint 5 and the two-end round-head hollow rod 4. The spraying area of the precipitation shower head 34 ensures that all the ditches 10 are covered.

[0031] The simulated height and earthquake structure 2 includes a lifting rod 21, a lifting platform 22, a vibration component 23, and a power source 25. The top of the lifting rod 21 is in contact with the bottom of the ditch 10. The lifting platform 22 is arranged at the bottom of the lifting rod 21. The vibration component 23 is arranged at the bottom of the lifting platform 22. The power source 25 is arranged on one side of the vibration component 23 and provides power for the vibration component 23. A moving trolley 24 capable of displacing the simulated height and earthquake structure 2 is arranged at the bottom of the vibration component 23. The simulated height and earthquake structure 2 drives the lifting and lowering of the lifting rod 21 through the lifting and lowering of the lifting platform 22, thereby adjusting the height of the ditch 10. The vibration component 23 generates vibrations through the power source 25 and transmits the vibrations to the ditch 10 through the lifting platform 22 and the lifting rod 21 at the top of the vibration component 23 to simulate an earthquake scenario.

[0032] The monitoring system includes a number of high-speed cameras 7 and laser rangefinders. The high-speed cameras 7 are respectively arranged on both sides of the ditch 10 and on the front side of the last section of the ditch 10. The high-speed cameras 7 are used to record the movement process of the landslide-induced debris flow, and record the displacement and speed changes during the flow and liquefaction process of the landslide body 1. The laser rangefinder is arranged in the flow channel.

[0033] In this embodiment, the terrain of the simulated mountain ditch is formed by connecting and combining three ditches 10. Different working conditions are composed of a simulated rainfall structure 3 and a simulated height and earthquake structure 2. According to the experimental requirements, for the simulation of some landslide-induced debris flows, the three ditches 10 adjust the height and inclination angle according to the simulated height and earthquake structure 2 to simulate the slope gradient. The direction of the round-headed hollow rods 4 at both ends and the three-side ball cage universal joints 9, and the direction of the round-headed hollow rods 4 at both ends and the four-side ball cage universal joints 5 are adjusted through the joints of the ditches 10 to simulate irregular terrain. The cross-section of the adjusted ditch 10 is a parallelogram. Cuttable water isolation plates 41 are installed at the hollow ends of the round-headed hollow rods 4 at both ends of the ditch 10 bottom plate and at the relative parallel and ditch 10 bottom plate according to the parallelogram of the ditch 10 bottom plate and the two side walls, and are fixed with waterproof sealant. When conducting the heavy rain working condition, the simulated rainfall structure 3 is opened and the rainfall amount is adjusted according to the experimental requirements; when conducting the earthquake working condition, the simulated height and earthquake structure 2 is opened and the vibration frequency and amplitude are adjusted according to the experimental requirements. Subsequently, adjustments can be made according to the test requirements and actual needs.

[0034] In order to more realistically simulate the process of landslide-induced debris flow, the water isolation plate 41 on the bottom plate of the ditch 10 can be provided with a friction surface.

[0035] At the same time, adjustments can be made according to the research purpose, different working conditions and terrain. For example, when studying the landslide-induced debris flow in the heavy rain working condition on steep terrain, when simulating the whole process of landslide-induced debris flow in the heavy rain working condition on gentle terrain, when studying the landslide-induced debris flow in the earthquake + heavy rain working condition on steep terrain, etc.

[0036] An installation groove 43 is provided in the middle of the water separation plate 41. The installation groove 43 is a parallelogram empty slot. The upper and lower parts of the shorter narrow side of the water separation plate 41 are inserted into the parallelogram empty slot and kept relatively parallel. Among them, in order to prevent the water separation plate 41 from moving, the water separation plate 41 is installed at the hollow parts of the two relatively parallel round-headed hollow rods 4 at both ends. Round heads 42 that cooperate with the hollow parts of the two round-headed hollow rods 4 at both ends are respectively provided at the top and bottom of the water separation plate 41. The water separation plate 41 uses the round heads 42 at the hollow parts of the two round-headed hollow rods 4 at both ends as constraint conditions and maintains a parallelogram state. And an anti-slip friction layer is provided inside the hollow parts of the two round-headed hollow rods 4 at both ends; Anti-slip friction layers are installed between all the three-side constant velocity joints 9 and the two round-headed hollow rods 4 at both ends, and between the four-side constant velocity joints 5 and the two round-headed hollow rods 4 at both ends.

[0037] Each four-side constant velocity joint 5 includes a number of four-side constant velocity joint cages 51 and a number of four-side constant velocity joint rods 52. Both ends of the four-side constant velocity joint rods 52 are connected with four-side constant velocity joint cages 51, which is convenient for adjusting the angle and position; Each three-side constant velocity joint 9 includes a number of three-side constant velocity joint rods 91 and a number of three-side constant velocity joint cages 92. Both ends of the three-side constant velocity joint rods 91 are connected with a number of three-side constant velocity joint cages 92, which is convenient for adjusting the angle and position.

[0038] In order to prevent water leakage, the adjacent two spliced ditches 10 are hermetically connected through waterproof glue, and a transparent waterproof cloth can be laid flat in the ditches 10.

[0039] In order to ensure the stability of the equipment under earthquake conditions, the vibrating component 23 adopts a vibration device with adjustable frequency and amplitude. The vibrating component 23 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the lifting platform 22 by bolts, and the connection between the lifting platform 22 and the lifting rod 21 is lubricated with grease.

[0040] For the convenience of observation, protective plates 6 made of transparent material panels are provided on both side walls of the ditch 10 and in front of the last section of the ditch. The protective plate 6 is arranged on a bearing plate. The high-speed camera 7 is installed on the bearing plate through a bracket. A height adjustment structure 8 for adjusting its height is provided at the bottom of the bearing plate, so as to adjust the up and down position of the high-speed camera 7 to adapt to the height change of the ditch 10. The height adjustment structure 8 is a lifting cylinder.

[0041] The present invention can realize a model test device for different landslide-induced debris flow models within different terrain areas by adjusting different angles and heights; it can realize a comprehensive model of landslide-induced debris flow, a single landslide model and a single debris flow situation test device; it can be transformed by matching with a simulated rainfall device, a simulated earthquake device, a prevention and control project, etc., and is applied to dams, roads, riverbanks, etc., with a certain degree of flexibility; different working conditions of landslide-induced debris flow model tests can be realized by changing the combination form of the device to simulate the terrain.

[0042] The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical concept and features of the present invention, and the purpose is to enable those who are familiar with this technology to understand the content of the present invention and implement it. It should not be used to limit the protection scope of the present invention. Any equivalent changes or modifications made according to the spirit and essence of the present invention should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A simulation experimental device for debris flow induced by landslides under multiple working conditions, characterized in that It includes a simulated rainfall structure (3), a simulated mountain ditch structure, and a simulated height and earthquake structure (2); The simulated rainfall structure (3) includes a rainfall support (31), a water storage tank (11), a water pump, a water extraction pipe (12), a rainfall pipeline (32), and a rainfall shower head (34). The water storage tank (11) is arranged outside the rainfall support (31). The water pump is arranged inside the water storage tank (11). One end of the water extraction pipe (12) is connected to the output end of the water pump inside the water storage tank (11), and the other end is connected to the rainfall pipeline (32). The rainfall pipeline (32) is arranged on the top of the rainfall support (31). The rainfall shower head (34) is arranged on the rainfall pipeline (32), and the nozzle of the rainfall shower head (34) is arranged inside the rainfall support (31); The simulated mountain ditch structure includes a number of ditches (10). Each ditch (10) includes a number of round-headed hollow rods (4) with both ends connected in sequence, a number of three-side constant velocity joints (9), and a number of four-side constant velocity joints (5). The head and tail of the ditch (10) can move in a certain direction, and the cross-section of the ditch (10) is a parallelogram. A landslide body (1) is placed inside the ditch (10); The simulated height and earthquake structure (2) includes a lifting rod (21), a lifting platform (22), a vibration component (23), and a power supply (25). The top of the lifting rod (21) is in contact with the bottom end of the ditch (10). The lifting platform (22) is arranged at the bottom end of the lifting rod (21). The vibration component (23) is arranged at the bottom end of the lifting platform (22). The power supply (25) is arranged on one side of the vibration component (23) and provides power for the vibration component (23).

2. The multi-condition landslide-induced debris flow simulation experiment device according to claim 1, wherein, The water extraction pipe (12) is detachably connected to the rainfall pipeline (32).

3. A simulation experiment device for debris flow induced by landslide under multiple working conditions according to claim 1, characterized in that, A moving trolley (24) for displacing the simulated height and earthquake structure (2) is arranged at the bottom of the vibration component (23).

4. A simulation experiment device for debris flow induced by landslides under multiple working conditions according to claim 1, characterized in that, An anti-slip friction layer is arranged between the three-side constant velocity joint (9) and the round-headed hollow rod (4) with both ends, and between the four-side constant velocity joint (5) and the round-headed hollow rod (4) with both ends.

5. A simulation experiment device for debris flow induced by landslides under multiple working conditions according to claim 1, characterized in that, A fixing rod (33) for fixing the rainfall shower head (34) is arranged on the rainfall pipeline (32).

6. A simulation experimental device for debris flow induced by multi-condition landslides according to claim 5, characterized in that, A water guiding pipe (35) is arranged on the fixing rod (33). One end of the water guiding pipe (35) is communicated with the rainfall pipeline (32), and the other end is communicated with the rainfall shower head (34).

7. A simulation experiment device for debris flow induced by landslide under multiple working conditions according to claim 1, characterized in that The simulated height and earthquake structure (2) drives the lifting and lowering of the lifting rod (21) through the lifting of the lifting platform (22) to adjust the height of the ditch (10). The vibration component (23) generates vibration through the power supply (25) and transmits the vibration to the ditch (10) through the lifting platform (22) and the lifting rod (21) at the top of the vibration component (23) to simulate an earthquake scenario.

8. A simulation experiment device for debris flow induced by landslides under multiple working conditions according to claim 7, characterized in that, The angle of the ditch (10) is adjusted through the connection points of the three-side constant velocity joint (9) and the four-side constant velocity joint (5) of the round-headed hollow rod (4) with both ends.

9. A simulation experimental device for debris flow induced by multi-condition landslides according to claim 1, characterized in that, The said ditch (10) further includes a water isolation plate (41) in the shape of a parallelogram. The water isolation plate (41) is inserted into the hollow ends of the round-headed hollow rods (4) at both ends as a constraint condition for the wall surface, and the water isolation plate (41) is fixed in the parallelogram of the cross-section of the ditch (10).

10. A simulation experiment device for debris flow induced by landslides under multiple working conditions according to claim 1, characterized in that, It further includes a monitoring system. The monitoring system includes a number of high-speed cameras (7) and laser rangefinders. The high-speed cameras are respectively arranged on both sides of the ditch (10) and on the front side of the last section of the ditch (10). The high-speed cameras are used to record the movement process of the landslide-induced debris flow, and record the displacement and speed changes during the flow and liquefaction process of the landslide body. The laser rangefinder is arranged in the flow channel.

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