Tunnel advanced detection pneumatic seismic source multi-degree-of-freedom fixing device

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of tunnel advanced detection, in particular to a tunnel advanced detection pneumatic seismic source multi-degree-of-freedom fixing device which comprises a lifting mechanism installed on a moving part of a guide rail unit, and a first sliding module is installed on a lifting table of the lifting mechanism. A second sliding module is fixedly installed on a first sliding block of the first sliding module, an angle adjusting mechanism is fixedly installed on a second sliding block of the second sliding module, and a pneumatic vibration source is installed on the angle adjusting mechanism. According to the fixing device, the pneumatic seismic source can be quickly excited at multiple points, the number of detected samples is increased, and the detection accuracy is improved; the installation position of the pneumatic vibration source is not limited, the angle and the position are convenient to adjust, the influence of surrounding rock conditions of a shutdown position is avoided, and the detection safety is high.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of tunnel advanced detection, and in particular to a multi-degree-of-freedom fixing device for an air-driven seismic source for tunnel advanced detection. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of China's industrial capabilities, TBM (Tunnel Boring Machine) has been widely used in tunnel engineering construction due to its high degree of mechanization and fast construction speed.

[0003] However, during the tunnel construction process, poor geological conditions will bring huge risks to TBM construction. If a broken zone, fault, karst cave, or water-bearing body is encountered in front of the TBM face, it is extremely easy to cause TBM jamming, damage, or even disasters such as water inrush and mud inrush, which will not only seriously affect the project progress, increase the construction cost, but may even lead to major safety accidents.

[0004] Therefore, the tunnel advanced detection technology is particularly important.

[0005] In recent years, the seismic wave method for advanced prediction technology has made great progress, especially the air-driven seismic source advanced detection technology, which has greatly improved the accuracy and stability of seismic exploration. However, there are also some problems in the actual application of the air-driven seismic source advanced prediction detection:

[0006] First, in some construction sites, the air-driven seismic source device is installed on the TBM support shoes, and the installation position is limited and fixed. If the surrounding rock conditions at the shutdown position are poor, it will have a certain impact on the accuracy of the detection results. If the surrounding rock at the excitation position is broken, it may even cause potential safety hazards.

[0007] Second, in some construction sites, the air-driven seismic source is installed on both sides of the platform through a fixed support, and the angle of the fixed support is not adjustable, resulting in poor coupling between the air-driven seismic source hammer head and the tunnel wall; when changing the seismic source position, it is necessary to re-drill holes and install, with high labor intensity, low efficiency, and few position sample data obtained.

[0008] Based on this, the present invention designs a multi-degree-of-freedom fixing device for an air-driven seismic source for tunnel advanced detection to better solve the problems existing in the prior art. Summary of the Invention

[0009] To solve one of the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a multi-degree-of-freedom fixing device for a tunnel advanced detection pneumatic vibration source. The bottom of the fixing device is cooperatively installed on the guide rail unit of the TBM platform and is used to shift along with the guide rail unit. The fixing device includes a lifting mechanism installed on the moving part of the guide rail unit. A first sliding module is installed on the lifting platform of the lifting mechanism. A second sliding module is fixedly installed on the first slider of the first sliding module. An angle adjustment mechanism is fixedly installed on the second slider of the second sliding module. A pneumatic vibration source is installed on the angle adjustment mechanism.

[0010] The fixing device and the guide rail unit can make the pneumatic vibration source stay at any position in the working area of the platform, and can make the pneumatic vibration source vertically abut against the tunnel wall by controlling the lifting, rotation and elevation angle adjustment of the pneumatic vibration source.

[0011] When the pneumatic vibration source vertically abuts against the tunnel wall, the coupling performance and detection efficiency can be improved.

[0012] On the basis of any of the above technical solutions, the further optimization is: the lifting mechanism includes a lifting base fixedly installed on the top of the guide rail unit. A guiding frame is fixedly installed on the top of the lifting base. A sliding bracket is slidably sleeved outside the guiding frame. A lifting platform is fixed on the top of the upper end of the sliding bracket. A screw jack is installed on the top of the guiding frame below the lifting platform. The lower end of the vertically arranged screw of the screw jack extends into the inner space of the guiding frame. The top of the screw is fixedly connected to the bottom of the lifting platform through a flange.

[0013] On the basis of any of the above technical solutions, the further optimization is: the first sliding module includes a first module rotating table fixedly installed on the top of the lifting platform. A first module base is fixedly installed on the top of the first module rotating table. A first guide rail screw is arranged in the first cavity at the top of the first module base. A first slider is cooperatively installed on the first guide rail screw. First guiding grooves are respectively arranged on the side walls of the first module base on both sides of the first slider. The protrusions on both sides of the first slider are respectively slidably clamped in the first guiding grooves. The stepped shaft sections at both ends of the first guide rail screw respectively extend out of the outside of the first cavity. A first driving motor is connected to one end of the first guide rail screw. The motor housing of the first driving motor is fixedly installed on the end face of the first module base. The second sliding module is fixedly installed on the top of the first slider.

[0014] On the basis of any of the above technical solutions, the further optimization is: a first driving handwheel is connected to the other end of the first guide rail screw.

[0015] Based on any of the above technical solutions, a further optimization is that first locking screws are arranged on both sides of the first module rotating table.

[0016] Based on any of the above technical solutions, a further optimization is that the second sliding module includes a second module rotating table fixedly installed on the top of the first slider. A second module base is fixedly installed on the top of the second module rotating table. A second guide rail screw is arranged in a second cavity on the top of the second module base. A second slider is fitted and installed on the second guide rail screw. Second guide grooves are respectively arranged on the side walls of the second module base on both sides of the second slider. The protrusions on both sides of the second slider are respectively fitted and slidably clamped in the second guide grooves. The stepped shaft sections at both ends of the second guide rail screw respectively pass through the outside of the second cavity. A second driving motor is connected to one end of the second guide rail screw. The motor housing of the second driving motor is fixedly installed at the end face of the second module base. The angle adjustment mechanism is fixedly installed on the top of the second slider.

[0017] Based on any of the above technical solutions, a further optimization is that the angle adjustment mechanism includes a platform base fixedly installed on the top of the second slider. An inclined platform is arranged above the platform base. One end of the inclined platform is movably hinged to the end of the platform base. A ball screw is installed on the top of the middle section of the platform base. Axle seats are respectively fixedly installed on the top of the platform base at both ends of the ball screw. Both ends of the ball screw respectively pass through the axle holes of the axle seats and extend to the outside. A platform driving motor is fixedly installed outside one of the axle seats. The motor shaft of the platform driving motor is fixedly connected to the end of the ball screw. A platform slider is fitted and installed on the outer side wall of the ball screw. A connecting rod is hinged between the platform slider and the inclined platform.

[0018] Based on any of the above technical solutions, a further optimization is that the guide rail unit includes a moving guide rail fixedly installed on the front side of the shoe of the TBM platform. A base is slidably clamped on the moving guide rail. Four vertically arranged rolling wheels are arranged at the bottom of the base. The upper ends of the central axes of the rolling wheels are movably installed at the bottom of the base. At least one of the rolling wheels is a driving wheel configured with a driving member, and the remaining rolling wheels are driven wheels. The four rolling wheels are evenly distributed on both sides of the moving guide rail and are used to press against both side walls of the moving guide rail.

[0019] Based on any of the above technical solutions, a further optimization is that both the first module rotating table and the second module rotating table adopt slewing bearings.

[0020] On the basis of any of the above technical solutions, a further optimization is that second locking screws are arranged on both sides of the second module rotating table.

[0021] On the basis of any of the above technical solutions, a further optimization is that a number of wear-resistant tin bronze linings are installed between the inner side wall of the sliding bracket and the guiding frame in a matching manner.

[0022] On the basis of any of the above technical solutions, a further optimization is that a driving motor and / or a hand wheel are respectively installed at both ends of the power shaft of the screw jack, and the hand wheel and the driving motor both extend to the outside of the sliding bracket, and the motor housing of the driving motor is fixed on the outer side wall of the sliding bracket.

[0023] On the basis of any of the above technical solutions, a further optimization is that a counterweight is fixedly installed on one side of the base.

[0024] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0025] 1. The traditional single-position seismic source for exciting vibration will cause each excitation signal to spread around in the form of a spherical wave, resulting in a relatively small proportion of the effective energy transmitted to the front of the tunnel heading face. The fixing device in the present invention can quickly make the pneumatic seismic source excite vibration at multiple positions, increase the number of detection samples and improve the detection accuracy.

[0026] 2. The installation position of the pneumatic seismic source of the present invention is not limited, and the angle and position can be adjusted conveniently, and it is not affected by the surrounding rock conditions at the shutdown position, and the detection safety is high.

[0027] 3. The pneumatic seismic source of the present invention can be adjusted with multiple degrees of freedom under the action of the lifting mechanism, the first sliding module, the second sliding module and the angle adjusting mechanism, so that the hammer head of the pneumatic seismic source is perpendicular to the tunnel wall, and the coupling performance is good.

[0028] 4. The position of the pneumatic seismic source of the present invention can be adjusted steplessly, eliminating the problem that the angle of the fixed bracket is not adjustable and it is troublesome to re-drill holes and install when changing the position of the seismic source, reducing the labor intensity and greatly improving the detection efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] In order to more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art. In all the drawings, similar elements or components are generally identified by similar reference numerals. In the drawings, the elements or components are not necessarily drawn to scale.

[0030] Figure 1 FIG. is a schematic structural diagram of the overall installation state of the multi-degree-of-freedom fixing device for the pneumatic seismic source for tunnel advanced detection of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the pneumatic vibration source multi-degree-of-freedom fixing device for advanced tunnel detection of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 3 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the base of the present invention and the components thereon.

[0033] Figure 4 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the lifting mechanism of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 5 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the first sliding module of the present invention.

[0035] Figure 6 This is a sectional structural schematic diagram of the installation state of the first module rotating table of the present invention.

[0036] Figure 7 This is a structural schematic diagram of the second sliding module of the present invention.

[0037] Figure 8 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the angle adjustment mechanism of the present invention.

[0038] In the figure, 1, fixing device; 2, moving guide rail; 3, support shoe; 4, TBM platform; 5, base; 6, platform drive motor; 7, counterweight; 8, driving wheel; 9, driven wheel; 10, pneumatic vibration source; 11, lifting mechanism; 12, lifting base; 13, sliding bracket; 14, screw jack; 15, drive motor; 16, hand wheel; 17, lifting platform; 18, wear-resistant tin bronze lining; 19, guiding frame; 20, first cavity; 21, first sliding module; 22, first module base; 23, first slider; 24, first guide rail screw; 25, first drive motor; 26, first drive hand wheel; 27, first guiding groove; 28, first locking screw; 29, first module rotating table; 30, second cavity; 31, second sliding module; 32, second guiding groove; 33, second slider; 34, second guide rail screw; 35, second drive motor; 36, second drive hand wheel; 37, second module base; 38, second locking screw; 39, second module rotating table; 40, shaft seat; 41, angle adjustment mechanism; 42, platform base; 43, ball screw; 44, platform slider; 45, connecting rod; 46, inclined platform. Detailed implementation manners

[0039] The embodiments of the technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention more clearly, so they are only examples and cannot be used to limit the protection scope of the present invention. The specific structure of the present invention is as Figures 1-8 shown in.

[0040] Embodiment 1: A pneumatic vibration source 10 multi-degree-of-freedom fixing device 1 for advanced tunnel detection. The bottom of the fixing device 1 is cooperatively installed on the guide rail unit of the TBM platform 4 and is used to move along with the guide rail unit. The fixing device 1 includes a lifting mechanism 11 installed on the moving part of the guide rail unit. A first sliding module 21 is installed on the lifting platform 17 of the lifting mechanism 11. A second sliding module 31 is fixedly installed on the first slider 23 of the first sliding module 21. An angle adjustment mechanism 41 is fixedly installed on the second slider 33 of the second sliding module 31. A pneumatic vibration source 10 is installed on the angle adjustment mechanism 41. Among them, the pneumatic vibration source 10 can adopt an existing pneumatic vibration source 10.

[0041] The entire fixing device 1 cooperates with the guide rail unit of the TBM platform 4 through the bottom and can move along with the guide rail unit; the lifting mechanism 11 is installed on the moving part of the guide rail unit to achieve vertical movement; the first sliding module 21 is installed on the lifting platform 17 to drive the second sliding module 31 to move horizontally; the second sliding module 31 drives the angle adjustment mechanism 41, and the angle adjustment mechanism 41 drives the pneumatic vibration source 10, forming a multi-degree-of-freedom adjustment system.

[0042] The fixing device 1 cooperating with the guide rail unit can make the pneumatic vibration source 10 stay at any position in the working area of the platform, and can make the pneumatic vibration source 10 vertically abut against the tunnel wall by controlling the lifting, rotation, and elevation angle adjustment of the pneumatic vibration source 10; make the pneumatic vibration source 10 can move arbitrarily within the working area of the TBM platform 4, and can be accurately positioned through multi-dimensional adjustment, providing a position basis for subsequent detection and improving the flexibility and operability of detection. In addition, the pneumatic vibration source 10 vertically abutting against the tunnel wall can improve the coupling performance and detection efficiency, realizing the multi-degree-of-freedom position adjustment of the pneumatic vibration source 10 in space.

[0043] Ensure that the pneumatic vibration source 10 is perpendicular to the tunnel wall, improve the coupling performance between the two, make the energy of the excited signal more concentratedly propagate forward to the heading face, and improve the effectiveness and detection efficiency of the detection signal.

[0044] When the pneumatic vibration source 10 vertically abuts against the tunnel wall, the contact between the vibration source and the tunnel wall surface is tight, reducing the energy loss at the contact surface, enabling the mechanical wave excited by the vibration source to be more efficiently transmitted into the tunnel wall interior, making the detection signal able to propagate a longer distance and cover a larger range, thereby improving the detection efficiency and detection accuracy per unit time.

[0045] Through modular combination, free adjustment in three-dimensional space is realized, making the installation position of the pneumatic vibration source 10 no longer limited to the fixed points of the TBM platform 4, laying a mechanical structure foundation for multi-point detection.

[0046] Based on any of the above technical solutions, a further optimization is as follows: The lifting mechanism 11 includes a lifting base 12 fixedly installed at the top of the guide rail unit. A guide frame 19 is fixedly installed on the top of the lifting base 12. A sliding bracket 13 is slidably sleeved outside the guide frame 19. A lifting platform 17 is fixed to the top of the upper end of the sliding bracket 13. A screw jack is installed on the top of the guide frame 19 below the lifting platform 17. The lower end of the vertically arranged screw of the screw jack extends into the internal space of the guide frame 19, and the top of the screw is fixedly connected to the bottom of the lifting platform 17 through a flange plate.

[0047] The screw jack 14 can be electrically controlled for lifting or manually operated for lifting by relying on the driving motor 15 and the hand wheel 16.

[0048] In the lifting mechanism 11, the driving motor 15 (usually a servo motor or a stepping motor) is connected to the input shaft of the screw jack through a coupling, and the driving motor 15 outputs rotational power after being powered on. The rotation of the driving motor 15 is decelerated and torque-increased through a worm and worm gear or a gear reduction box, driving the screw to rotate at a set speed. When the screw rotates clockwise, due to the transmission effect of the thread pair, the lifting platform 17 is pushed upward through the flange plate, driving the sliding bracket 13 to move upward along the guide frame 19.

[0049] Optional according to requirements: Limit switches are provided at the top and bottom of the guide frame 19. When the lifting platform 17 touches the limit, the driving motor 15 automatically cuts off the power to prevent damage caused by overtravel.

[0050] In addition, the hand wheel 16 is installed at the other end of the input shaft of the screw jack and is linked to the screw drive system through a key connection or a clutch mechanism. When the operator rotates the hand wheel 16, the screw is driven to rotate through gear transmission, and its transmission ratio is the same as that in the electric mode, ensuring that the displacement amounts of manual adjustment and electric adjustment are the same.

[0051] When there is a power outage or a fault during tunnel construction, the position adjustment of the lifting platform 17 can be completed by manually rotating the hand wheel 16. For example, the pneumatic vibrator 10 can be lowered to the lowest position for equipment recovery;

[0052] Manual adjustment is suitable for scenarios that require fine tuning to avoid position deviation caused by the inertial impact of electric drive.

[0053] Based on any of the above technical solutions, a further optimization is as follows: The first sliding module 21 includes a first module rotating table 29 fixedly installed on the top of the lifting table 17. A first module base 22 is fixedly installed on the top of the first module rotating table 29. A first guide rail screw 24 is disposed in a first cavity 20 on the top of the first module base 22. A first slider 23 is fitted and installed on the first guide rail screw 24. First guide grooves 27 are respectively disposed on the side walls of the first module base 22 on both sides of the first slider 23. The protrusions on both sides of the first slider 23 are respectively fitted and slidably clamped in the first guide grooves 27. The stepped shaft sections at both ends of the first guide rail screw 24 respectively extend out of the outside of the first cavity 20. A first driving motor 25 is connected to one end of the first guide rail screw 24. The motor housing of the first driving motor 25 is fixedly installed at the end face of the first module base 22. The second sliding module 31 is fixedly installed on the top of the first slider 23.

[0054] The first module rotating table 29 is fixed to the top of the lifting table 17 and can drive the entire first sliding module 21 to rotate; the first guide rail screw 24 in the first module base 22 is driven to rotate by the first driving motor 25. The first slider 23 is driven to rotate by the motor. The first slider 23 is fitted and installed on the first guide rail screw 24 through a thread. The protrusions on both sides of it are snapped into the first guide grooves 27 to form a sliding constraint.

[0055] When the guide rail screw rotates, the first slider 23 slides horizontally in the first guide groove 27, thereby driving the second sliding module 31 fixed on its top to move. The stepped shaft sections at both ends of the first guide rail screw 24 extend out of the first cavity 20 of the first module base 22 to ensure stability during rotation. The first driving motor 25 is fixed to the end face of the first module base 22 by bolts to provide power input.

[0056] Based on any of the above technical solutions, a further optimization is as follows: A first driving handwheel 26 is connected to the other end of the first guide rail screw 24.

[0057] The first driving handwheel 26 is installed at the non-motor-driven end of the first guide rail screw 24 and is rigidly linked to the first guide rail screw 24 through a key connection or a coupling. When the first driving handwheel 26 is manually rotated, the circular motion of the first driving handwheel 26 is converted into the rotational motion of the first guide rail screw 24, and then the first slider 23 is driven to slide horizontally on the first guide rail screw 24 through a thread pair. The transmission ratio between the first driving handwheel 26 and the first guide rail screw 24 is the same as that of the first driving motor 25, ensuring that the displacement amounts of manual adjustment and electric adjustment are equivalent and avoiding operation errors caused by differences in transmission ratios.

[0058] Based on any of the above technical solutions, a further optimization is that first locking screws 28 are arranged on both sides of the first module rotating table 29.

[0059] After the first module rotating table 29 is adjusted to the target angle, tighten the first locking screws 28 on both sides with a wrench. The end of the first locking screw 28 abuts against the top surface of the lifting table 17, and the circumferential rotation of the rotating table is locked by the frictional torque.

[0060] Based on any of the above technical solutions, a further optimization is that the second sliding module 31 includes a second module rotating table 39 fixedly installed on the top of the first slider 23. A second module base 37 is fixedly installed on the top of the second module rotating table 39. A second guide rail screw 34 is arranged in a second cavity 30 on the top of the second module base 37. A second slider 33 is fitted and installed on the second guide rail screw 34. Second guide grooves 32 are respectively arranged on the side walls of the second module base 37 on both sides of the second slider 33. The protrusions on both sides of the second slider 33 are respectively fitted and slidably clamped in the second guide grooves 32. The stepped shaft sections at both ends of the second guide rail screw 34 respectively extend out of the outside of the second cavity 30. A second driving motor 35 is connected to one end of the second guide rail screw 34. The motor housing of the second driving motor 35 is fixedly installed at the end face of the second module base 37. An angle adjusting mechanism 41 is fixedly installed on the top of the second slider 33.

[0061] The second module rotating table 39 is fixed on the top of the first slider 23 and moves horizontally synchronously with the first slider 23. The rotating part of the second module base 37 is relatively fixed to the second module rotating table 39. The second guide rail screw 34 inside the second module base 37 is driven to rotate by the second driving motor 35.

[0062] After the second driving motor 35 is powered on, it drives the second guide rail screw 34 to rotate through the configured coupling. The second slider 33 is sleeved on the second guide rail screw 34 through a thread pair, and the protrusions on both sides are clamped into the second guide grooves 32. When the second guide rail screw rotates, the second slider 33 slides horizontally under the constraint of the second guide grooves 32, thereby driving the angle adjusting mechanism 41 fixed on its top to move.

[0063] The second module rotating table 39 can rotate 360°, changing the axial direction of the second guide rail screw 34, so that the sliding direction of the second slider 33 can be adjusted arbitrarily in the horizontal plane, and cooperating with the first module rotating table 29 of the first sliding module 21, a two-dimensional direction adjustment ability is formed.

[0064] On the basis of any of the above technical solutions, a further optimization is as follows: The angle adjustment mechanism 41 includes a platform base 42 fixedly installed on the top of the second slider 33. An inclined platform 46 is arranged above the platform base 42. One end of the inclined platform 46 is movably hinged to the end of the platform base 42. A ball screw is installed on the top of the middle section of the platform base 42. Axle seats 40 are respectively fixedly installed on the top of the platform base 42 at both ends of the ball screw. Both ends of the ball screw movably pass through the axle holes of the axle seats 40 and extend to the outside. A platform drive motor 6 is fixedly installed outside one of the axle seats 40. The motor shaft of the platform drive motor 6 is fixedly connected to the end of the ball screw. A platform slider 44 is fitted and installed on the outer wall of the ball screw. A connecting rod 45 is hinged between the platform slider 44 and the inclined platform 46.

[0065] The platform base 42 is fixed to the top of the second slider 33 by bolts and moves horizontally synchronously with the second slider 33. One end of the inclined platform 46 is hinged to the front end of the platform base 42 through a pin shaft to form a rotatable fulcrum, and the other end is connected to the platform slider 44 through a connecting rod 45.

[0066] During operation, after the platform drive motor 6 is powered on, the motor shaft drives the ball screw to rotate. The ball screw realizes high-precision transmission through the internal balls and drives the platform slider 44 to linearly move along the axis of the screw. The platform slider 44 is hinged to the inclined platform 46 through a connecting rod 45. When the platform slider 44 moves, the connecting rod 45 pushes the inclined platform 46 to rotate around the hinge point, realizing the angle adjustment of the inclined platform 46.

[0067] The angle adjustment mechanism 41 is installed on the second slider 33. The platform drive motor 6 drives the ball screw to rotate, so that the platform slider 44 moves. The connecting rod 45 is respectively connected to the platform slider 44 and the inclined platform 46. The platform sliding drives the connecting rod 45 to realize the angle adjustment of the inclined platform 46.

[0068] Embodiment 2: Compared with Embodiment 1, the difference in this embodiment is that it further includes the following technical features:

[0069] On the basis of any of the above technical solutions, a further optimization is as follows: The guide rail unit includes a moving guide rail 2 fixedly installed on the front side of the shoe 3 of the TBM platform 4. A base 5 is slidably clamped on the moving guide rail 2. Four vertically arranged rolling wheels are arranged at the bottom of the base 5. The upper ends of the central axes of the rolling wheels are movably installed at the bottom of the base 5. At least one of the rolling wheels is a driving wheel 8 configured with a driving member, and the remaining rolling wheels are driven wheels 9. The four rolling wheels are evenly distributed on both sides of the moving guide rail 2 and are used to press against both side walls of the moving guide rail 2.

[0070] The moving guide rail 2 is fixed to the front side of the shoe 3 of the TBM platform 4 by bolts to form a horizontal guiding track, whose cross-section is usually I-shaped or grooved, and the two side walls are provided with grooves matching the rolling wheels.

[0071] Four rolling wheels are installed at the bottom of the base 5, and the central shaft is movably connected to the base 5 through bearings, allowing the rolling wheels to rotate freely. The rolling wheels are evenly distributed on both sides of the moving guide rail 2, and the rolling wheels on both side walls respectively abut against the inner side walls of the guide rail, forming a four-point clamping constraint structure.

[0072] At least one rolling wheel is configured with a drive motor 15 or a hydraulic motor and serves as the driving wheel 8. When the driving wheel 8 rotates, it drives the base 5 to slide along the moving guide rail 2 through friction; the remaining rolling wheels serve as driven wheels 9 to follow and assist in supporting the weight of the base 5.

[0073] Two driving wheels 8 and two driven wheels 9 are respectively arranged in the diagonal direction, making the whole more balanced and stable, and their respective dimensions are matched with and limited by the grooves on the moving guide rail 2; when the driving wheel 8 rotates clockwise, it drives the base 5 to move in the opposite direction of the face of the shoe 3, and when it rotates counterclockwise, it drives the base 5 to move towards the face of the shoe 3.

[0074] The two driving wheels 8 and the two driven wheels 9 are distributed along the diagonal of a rectangle (for example, the upper left and lower right are the driving wheels 8, and the upper right and lower left are the driven wheels 9), forming a symmetric four-point support structure.

[0075] When the base 5 moves, the diagonal driving wheels 8 and driven wheels 9 synchronously bear the horizontal driving force and the lateral pressure of the guide rail, so that the resultant force received by the base 5 passes through the center of gravity, avoiding tilting caused by uneven load.

[0076] On the basis of any of the above technical solutions, a further optimization is that: both the first module rotating table 29 and the second module rotating table 39 adopt slewing bearings. The slewing bearing is a standard component in the mechanical field, and its structure, performance and installation method are all well-known technologies, and those skilled in the art can select a suitable model according to the load calculation.

[0077] On the basis of any of the above technical solutions, a further optimization is that: a number of wear-resistant tin bronze linings 18 are cooperatively installed between the inner side wall of the sliding bracket 13 and the guiding frame 19.

[0078] The wear-resistant tin bronze lining 18 between the guiding frame 19 of the lifting base 12 and the sliding bracket 13 enables the two to slide easily, while ensuring stiffness and stability, being easy to maintain and having high reliability.

[0079] On the basis of any of the above technical solutions, the further optimization is as follows: A driving motor 15 and / or a hand wheel 16 are respectively installed at both ends of the power shaft of the screw lift. The hand wheel 16 and the driving motor 15 both extend outside the sliding bracket 13, and the motor housing of the driving motor 15 is fixed on the outer side wall of the sliding bracket 13.

[0080] The electric and manual drives are interlocked through a one-way bearing or a clutch to prevent the simultaneous action of the dual power sources. By default, the electric mode takes precedence, and the manual mode is only enabled when the electric system fails or fine adjustment is required.

[0081] On the basis of any of the above technical solutions, the further optimization is as follows: A counterweight 7 is fixedly installed on one side of the base 5.

[0082] When components such as the lifting mechanism 11, the sliding module, and the pneumatic vibration source 10 are installed above the base 5, the center of gravity is biased towards the load-bearing side. The counterweight 7 generates a reverse moment through its own weight to offset the eccentricity of the load above, so that the overall center of gravity falls near the central axis of the base 5, forming a mechanical balance.

[0083] The present invention also provides a method for multi-degree-of-freedom fixed installation and multi-point detection of a tunnel advanced detection pneumatic vibration source 10, including the following steps:

[0084] Install the moving guide rail 2 on the TBM platform 4. The base 5 is installed in a matching manner with the moving guide rail 2 through rolling wheels. The lifting mechanism 11 is fixedly connected to one end of the base 5 through a lifting base 12. A counterweight 7 is arranged at the other end of the base 5 to increase the overall stability of the bracket. The first sliding module 21 is fixedly connected to the lifting platform 17 of the lifting mechanism 11 through a first module base 22. The second module base 37 is fixedly connected to the first slider 23. The angle adjustment mechanism 41 is fixedly connected to the second slider 33. Fix the pneumatic vibration source 10 on the inclined platform 46.

[0085] The initial position of the fixing device 1 of the pneumatic vibration source 10 is set at the support shoe 3. During detection, control the two driving wheels 8 on the base 5 to rotate clockwise, so that the base 5 moves in the opposite direction of the tunnel face to a certain position. The lifting mechanism 11 is lifted to a certain position under the drive of the lifting motor. The first sliding module 21 moves the first slide forward from the initial position under the drive of the first driving motor 25. The second sliding module 31 rotates the pneumatic vibration source 10 towards the tunnel wall direction through the second module rotating platform 39, and moves the second slide forward from the initial position under the drive of the second driving motor 35.

[0086] The coordinated action of multiple mechanisms shortens the adjustment time of the pneumatic vibration source 10 from the initial position to the target detection point, achieving a substantial improvement in efficiency compared to the traditional manual adjustment; the driving wheels 8 drive the base 5 to move, expanding the detection range to multiple times that of the traditional scheme.

[0087] Then, the angle adjustment mechanism 41 adjusts the angle of the tilt platform 46 to a certain position under the drive of the platform drive motor 6, so that the hammer head of the pneumatic vibration source 10 vertically abuts against the tunnel wall. Then, the first locking screw 28 and the second locking screw 38 are tightened, so as to conduct a hammering detection of the pneumatic vibration source 10. After one detection is completed, the base 5 continues to move in the opposite direction of the heading face under the drive of the driving wheel 8. The first locking screw 28 and the second locking screw 38 adjust their positions in the same way, so that the hammer head of the pneumatic vibration source 10 vertically abuts against the tunnel wall, and the second detection is carried out, and so on.

[0088] After the platform drive motor 6 is powered on, it drives the ball screw to rotate. The platform slider 44 moves linearly along the axis of the screw, and pushes the tilt platform 46 to rotate around the hinge point through the connecting rod 45 until the hammer head of the pneumatic vibration source 10 is perpendicular to the surface of the tunnel wall.

[0089] Workflow of multi-point detection:

[0090] Single detection cycle: Positioning stage: The base 5 moves → The lifting mechanism 11 lifts → The sliding module is horizontally adjusted → The angle adjustment mechanism 41 is vertically aligned → The locking screw is fixed.

[0091] Detection stage: The pneumatic vibration source 10 hammers to generate a signal, and the data acquisition system records the detection waveform.

[0092] Continuous detection logic: After a single detection is completed, the driving wheel 8 of the base 5 continues to drive the base 5 to move in the opposite direction of the heading face (step distance 50 - 100 mm), and repeats the adjustment-locking-detection process to form ≥5 detection points at the same section, with a coverage range of 2 m × 2 m.

[0093] Vertically abutting against the wall reduces the coupling energy loss between the pneumatic vibration source 10 and the tunnel wall and improves the signal strength.

[0094] Dynamic vertical alignment realizes real-time compensation for the undulation of the tunnel wall surface (such as ±50 mm unevenness), ensures that the hammer head of the pneumatic vibration source 10 always vertically abuts against the wall, and solves the problem of coupling failure caused by the uneven tunnel wall of the traditional fixed support.

[0095] After the detection is completed, the angle of the angle adjustment mechanism 41 is adjusted to the horizontal position, the second sliding module 31 rotates to be parallel to the first sliding module 21, the first slider 23 and the second slider move to the initial position, the lifting mechanism 11 descends to the lowest position, and the driving wheel 8 on the base 5 rotates counterclockwise to move the whole to the support shoe 3 to complete the recovery.

[0096] As can be seen from the above, when the traditional single-position seismic source is used for seismic excitation, each excitation signal will spread around in the form of a spherical wave, resulting in a relatively small proportion of the effective energy reaching the front of the tunnel face. The fixing device 1 in the present invention can quickly make the pneumatic seismic source 10 perform seismic excitation at multiple positions, increasing the number of detection samples and improving the detection accuracy; the installation position of the pneumatic seismic source 10 is not limited, and it is convenient to adjust the angle and position, and it is not affected by the surrounding rock conditions at the shutdown position, so the detection safety is high.

[0097] Under the action of the lifting mechanism 11, the first sliding module 21, the second sliding module 31 and the angle adjustment mechanism 41, the pneumatic seismic source 10 of the present invention can be adjusted with multiple degrees of freedom, so that the hammer head of the pneumatic seismic source 10 is perpendicular to the tunnel wall, and the coupling performance is good; the position of the pneumatic seismic source 10 can be adjusted steplessly, eliminating the problem that the angle of the fixed support is not adjustable, and it is troublesome to re-drill holes and install when changing the position of the seismic source, reducing the labor intensity and greatly improving the detection efficiency.

[0098] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that: they can still modify the technical solutions recorded in the foregoing embodiments, or perform equivalent replacements on some or all of the technical features; and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention; for those skilled in the art of this technology, any alternative improvement or transformation made to the embodiments of the present invention falls within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0099] Those not detailed in the present invention are all well-known technologies to those skilled in the art of this technology.

Claims

1. A multi-degree-of-freedom fixing device for an advanced tunnel detection pneumatic vibration source. The bottom of the fixing device is cooperatively installed on the guide rail unit of the TBM platform and is used to shift along with the guide rail unit. It is characterized in that: The fixing device includes a lifting mechanism installed on a moving part for installing the guide rail unit. A first sliding module is installed on the lifting platform of the lifting mechanism. A second sliding module is fixedly installed on a first slider of the first sliding module. An angle adjusting mechanism is fixedly installed on a second slider of the second sliding module. A pneumatic vibration source is installed on the angle adjusting mechanism.

2. The multi-degree-of-freedom fixing device for the pneumatic seismic source for advanced detection in tunnels according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lifting mechanism includes a lifting base fixedly installed on the top of the guide rail unit. A guiding frame is fixedly installed on the top of the lifting base. A sliding bracket is slidably sleeved outside the guiding frame. A lifting platform is fixed to the top of the upper end of the sliding bracket. A screw jack is installed on the top of the guiding frame below the lifting platform. The lower end of a vertically arranged screw of the screw jack extends into the inner space of the guiding frame. The top of the screw is fixedly connected to the bottom of the lifting platform through a flange.

3. The multi-degree-of-freedom fixing device for a tunnel advanced detection pneumatic vibration source according to claim 2, characterized in that: The first sliding module includes a first module rotating platform fixedly installed on the top of the lifting platform. A first module base is fixedly installed on the top of the first module rotating platform. A first guide rail screw is arranged in a first cavity on the top of the first module base. A first slider is installed in cooperation with the first guide rail screw. First guiding grooves are respectively arranged on the side walls of the first module base on both sides of the first slider. The protrusions on both sides of the first slider are respectively slidably clamped in the first guiding grooves. The stepped shaft sections at both ends of the first guide rail screw respectively extend out of the outside of the first cavity. A first driving motor is connected to one end of the first guide rail screw. The motor housing of the first driving motor is fixedly installed on the end face of the first module base. The second sliding module is fixedly installed on the top of the first slider.

4. A multi-degree-of-freedom fixing device for a tunnel advanced detection pneumatic vibration source according to claim 3, characterized in that: The second sliding module includes a second module rotating platform fixedly installed on the top of the first slider. A second module base is fixedly installed on the top of the second module rotating platform. A second guide rail screw is arranged in a second cavity on the top of the second module base. A second slider is installed in cooperation with the second guide rail screw. Second guiding grooves are respectively arranged on the side walls of the second module base on both sides of the second slider. The protrusions on both sides of the second slider are respectively slidably clamped in the second guiding grooves. The stepped shaft sections at both ends of the second guide rail screw respectively extend out of the outside of the second cavity. A second driving motor is connected to one end of the second guide rail screw. The motor housing of the second driving motor is fixedly installed on the end face of the second module base. The angle adjusting mechanism is fixedly installed on the top of the second slider.

5. A multi-degree-of-freedom fixing device for a tunnel advanced detection pneumatic vibration source according to claim 4, characterized in that: The angle adjustment mechanism includes a platform base fixedly installed on the top of the second slider. An inclined platform is arranged above the platform base. One end of the inclined platform is movably hinged to the end of the platform base. A ball screw is installed on the top of the middle section of the platform base. Axle seats are respectively fixedly installed on the top of the platform base at both ends of the ball screw. Both ends of the ball screw movably pass through the axle holes of the axle seats and extend to the outside thereof. A platform driving motor is fixedly installed outside one of the axle seats. The motor shaft of the platform driving motor is fixedly connected to the end of the ball screw. A platform slider is fitted on the outer side wall of the ball screw. A connecting rod member is hinged between the platform slider and the inclined platform.

6. The multi-degree-of-freedom fixing device for the pneumatic shock source for advanced tunnel detection according to claim 5, wherein: The guide rail unit includes a moving guide rail fixedly installed on the front side of the shoe of the TBM platform. A base is slidably clamped on the moving guide rail. Four vertically arranged rolling wheels are arranged at the bottom of the base. The upper ends of the central axes of the rolling wheels are movably installed at the bottom of the base. At least one of the rolling wheels is a driving wheel configured with a driving member, and the remaining rolling wheels are driven wheels. The four rolling wheels are evenly distributed on both sides of the moving guide rail and are used to tightly press against the side walls of the moving guide rail.

7. A multi-degree-of-freedom fixing device for a tunnel advanced detection pneumatic vibration source according to claim 6, characterized in that: Both the first module rotating table and the second module rotating table adopt slewing bearings.

8. A multi-degree-of-freedom fixing device for a tunnel advanced detection pneumatic vibration source according to claim 7, characterized in that: A number of wear-resistant tin bronze linings are fitted between the inner side wall of the sliding bracket and the guiding frame.

9. The multi-degree-of-freedom fixing device for the tunnel advanced detection pneumatic shock source according to claim 8, characterized in that: A driving motor and / or a hand wheel are respectively installed at both ends of the power shaft of the screw jack. The hand wheel and the driving motor both extend to the outside of the sliding bracket. The motor housing of the driving motor is fixed on the outer side wall of the sliding bracket.

10. A multi-degree-of-freedom fixing device for a tunnel advanced detection pneumatic vibration source according to claim 9, characterized in that: A counterweight is fixedly installed on one side of the base.

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