Photovoltaic power plant construction method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of power plant construction, and discloses a photovoltaic power plant construction method, which comprises the steps of constructing a plant primary model and generating a photovoltaic power plant shadow coverage area B based on a geographical environment; setting a first photovoltaic module arrangement point set A1 through the plant primary model, and generating a second photovoltaic module arrangement point set A2 in combination with the first photovoltaic module arrangement point set A1 and the photovoltaic power plant shadow coverage area B; based on the second photovoltaic module arrangement point set A2, reinforcing the plant primary model to generate a photovoltaic power plant secondary model; and performing line optimization on the photovoltaic power plant secondary model to generate a photovoltaic power plant tertiary model. According to the method, the arrangement point shadow evaluation model is constructed, the shadow influence degree of each shadow area arrangement point is quantified, the influence of the shadow on photovoltaic module power generation is evaluated, and a scientific basis is provided for reasonably dividing photovoltaic module arrangement points to be selected and abandoned.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of power generation plant construction, and particularly to a construction method for a photovoltaic power generation plant. Background Art

[0002] As a clean energy technology, photovoltaic power generation has been widely applied globally in recent years; the construction method of a photovoltaic power generation plant is the key to ensuring the efficient and stable operation of the photovoltaic power generation system; the construction process of a photovoltaic power generation plant includes multiple links such as foundation construction, bracket installation, photovoltaic module installation, electrical system installation and commissioning. The structural design of a photovoltaic power generation plant needs to consider various factors such as the weight of photovoltaic modules, wind loads, and other loads.

[0003] However, in the existing construction process of photovoltaic power generation plants, there is no mention of how to comprehensively and objectively evaluate the impact of shadows on the power generation of photovoltaic modules, so as to provide a scientific basis for reasonably dividing the layout points of candidate and abandoned photovoltaic modules. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to achieve a systematic project from the determination of the photovoltaic module layout points, the optimized layout considering the shadow impact, to the reinforcement of the plant structure to adapt to the module weight and external loads, and then to the line optimization to ensure the safety of power transmission through the construction process from the first-level model to the second-level model and then to the third-level model step by step; to improve the overall performance, safety and power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic power generation plant.

[0005] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides a construction method for a photovoltaic power generation plant, including:

[0006] Based on the geographical environment, construct a first-level model of the plant and generate the shadow coverage area B of the photovoltaic power plant;

[0007] Set the first set A1 of photovoltaic module layout points through the first-level model of the plant, and combine the first set A1 of photovoltaic module layout points and the shadow coverage area B of the photovoltaic power plant to generate the second set A2 of photovoltaic module layout points;

[0008] Based on the second set A2 of photovoltaic module layout points, reinforce the first-level model of the plant to generate a second-level model of the photovoltaic power generation plant;

[0009] Optimize the lines of the second-level model of the photovoltaic power generation plant to generate a third-level model of the photovoltaic power generation plant.

[0010] In some embodiments of the present invention, when generating the shadow coverage area B of the photovoltaic power plant, it includes:

[0011] Obtain the obstacle data around the photovoltaic power plant, classify the obstacle data, and generate fixed obstacles and variable obstacles;

[0012] Convert the obstacle data into geometric figures and calculate the light transmittance of the geometric figures;

[0013] Combine historical data to determine the direct solar angle;

[0014] Generate a shadow model of the photovoltaic power plant based on the direct solar angle and the geometric figures;

[0015] Obtain the predicted power generation efficiency data of the photovoltaic power plant in the area to be constructed and divide the predicted power generation efficiency into gradients {H1, H2... H max}; where H max represents the maximum value of the predicted power generation efficiency gradient;

[0016] Construct a mapping table between the predicted power generation efficiency gradient and the number of dates;

[0017] Obtain the date corresponding to the predicted power generation efficiency gradient with the maximum date proportion in the mapping table, [[ID=2k]]

[0018] Generate a date set X, X = [X1, X2,... X i ... X q (1 < q < 366);

[0019] where X i represents the i-th date in the date set and q represents the total number of dates in the date set;

[0020] Calculate the average power generation efficiency of the date set X, calculate the differences {cp1, cp2... cp q} between the power generation efficiencies of each date in the date set X and the average power generation efficiency, and select the date with the smallest difference as the standard day;

[0021] Obtain the meteorological data within the standard day, simulate the process of the shadow passing through the top of the photovoltaic power plant through the shadow model of the photovoltaic power plant, and generate the shadow coverage area B of the photovoltaic power plant.

[0022] In some embodiments of the present invention, when setting the first photovoltaic module layout point set A1 through the plant level 1 model, it includes:

[0023] Construct a plant level 1 model based on the structure, orientation and size of the photovoltaic power plant building;

[0024] Set the inclination angle and orientation of the photovoltaic modules based on the geographical environment data of the construction site;

[0025] Determine the floor area of each photovoltaic module based on the inclination angle and orientation of the photovoltaic modules;

[0026] Set the first photovoltaic module layout point set A1 in proportion based on the floor area of each photovoltaic module and the top configuration of the plant level 1 model.

[0027] In some embodiments of the present invention, based on the shadow-covered area B of a photovoltaic power plant, a second set A2 of photovoltaic module layout points is generated, including:

[0028] Obtain the first set of photovoltaic module layout points within the shadow-covered area B to generate a set A of shadow area layout points 11 ;

[0029] Based on the obtained set A of shadow area layout points 11 of shadow data, construct a layout point shadow evaluation model to generate a layout point shadow evaluation value;

[0030] Based on the layout point shadow evaluation value, divide the set A of shadow area layout points 11 ; generate a set A of candidate photovoltaic module layout points 21 and a set of discarded photovoltaic module layout points;

[0031] Based on the set A of candidate photovoltaic module layout points 21 generate the second set A2 of photovoltaic module layout points, A2 = A1 - A 11 +A 21 .

[0032] In some embodiments of the present invention, when constructing the layout point shadow evaluation model, it includes:

[0033] The set A of shadow area layout points 11 , A 11 = [a1, a2,... a i ... a n ;

[0034] wherein, a i represents the i-th shadow area layout point, and n represents the number of shadow area layout points;

[0035] Based on historical data, set multiple monitoring time nodes {t1, t2,... t i ... t u};

[0036] wherein, t i represents the i-th monitoring time node, and u represents the number of monitoring time nodes;

[0037] Obtain the number of shadow occurrences {1, 2... i... h} of the current shadow area layout point;

[0038] wherein, h represents the total number of shadow occurrences of the current shadow area layout point;

[0039] Calculate the sub-shadow evaluation value Mi of each shadow occurrence, sum the sub-shadow evaluation values Mi, and generate a layout point shadow evaluation model:

[0040]

[0041] In some embodiments of the present invention, when calculating the sub - shadow evaluation value Mi of each shadow appearance, it includes:

[0042] Obtain the shadow coverage area score S of the current shadow area layout point;

[0043] Obtain the time period when S≠0, generate the duration set T1 of shadow coverage, T1 = [t1, t2, … t i …t v (v < u);

[0044] where, t1 represents the initial monitoring time node when the shadow area layout point S≠0, and t v represents the end monitoring time node when the shadow area layout point S≠0;

[0045] Based on historical data, divide the total working period of the photovoltaic module to obtain the sub - working period set T, T = [T1, T2, … T i …T m , and the time length of each sub - working period is T2 (T2 < T1);

[0046] where, T i represents the i - th sub - working period, m represents the number of sub - working periods of the total working period of the photovoltaic module, generate the shadow coverage time influence value

[0047] and obtain the power generation efficiency score P(T i ) of the photovoltaic module for each sub - working period based on historical data; and the shadow coverage time influence value and the power generation efficiency score have the same value range;

[0048] Divide the duration set T1 of shadow coverage at intervals of T2 to generate the shadow coverage period T3, T3 = [T1, T2, … T i …T w (w < m);

[0049] where, w represents the number of sub - working periods of the shadow coverage period;

[0050] Generate the sub - shadow evaluation value Mi of the current shadow area layout point;

[0051]

[0052] where, K1 is the first coefficient of the sub - shadow evaluation value of the current shadow area layout point, and K2 is the second coefficient of the sub - shadow evaluation value of the current shadow area layout point.

[0053] In some embodiments of the present invention, generating a set A of candidate photovoltaic module layout points 21 and when discarding the set of photovoltaic module layout points, includes:

[0054] Calculating the shadow evaluation value M of each photovoltaic module layout point;

[0055] Setting a shadow evaluation value threshold θ based on the shadow evaluation value M of the layout point;

[0056] If M > θ, the current photovoltaic module layout point is a discarded photovoltaic module layout point;

[0057] If M ≤ θ, the current photovoltaic module layout point is a candidate photovoltaic module layout point.

[0058] In some embodiments of the present invention, when strengthening the primary plant model, includes:

[0059] Based on the weight of the pre-added photovoltaic modules and the area of the photovoltaic modules, calculating the self-load F1 generated by the self-weight of the photovoltaic modules;

[0060] Obtaining the wind speed data {v1, v2... v n} and the air density ρ from historical data;

[0061] Selecting the maximum value from the wind speed data {v1, v2... v n}, calculating the wind load F2, F2 = 0.5ρv max 2 C;

[0062] where C is the wind load coefficient;

[0063] Obtaining other loads F3 from historical data;

[0064] where A is the horizontal projected area of the photovoltaic module;

[0065] Based on the self-load F1, the wind load F2, and other loads F3, generating a combined load F, F = F1 + F2 + F3;

[0066] Applying the combined load F to the primary plant model to generate the structural deformation value of the primary plant model, and by comparing the structural deformation value with the preset deformation value, implementing a strengthening strategy to generate a secondary photovoltaic power generation plant model.

[0067] In some embodiments of the present invention, when optimizing the circuit of the secondary photovoltaic power generation plant model, includes:

[0068] Based on the second set A2 of photovoltaic module layout points and historical data, generating a preliminary path plan;

[0069] Based on the type, specification, and power limit of the cable, conduct a safety inspection on the preliminary path planning, and correct the path based on the results of the safety inspection;

[0070] According to the cable specification, calculate the carrying power of the cable, compare it with the power expected to be transmitted in the preliminary path planning. If the expected transmitted power exceeds the maximum carrying power of the cable, there is a safety risk, and the current cable needs to be replaced.

[0071] In some embodiments of the present invention, when generating the preliminary path planning, it includes:

[0072] Based on historical data, establish an environmental model of the photovoltaic module layout points, simulate the environment on the top of the photovoltaic power generation plant building, and generate environmental data on the top of the photovoltaic power generation plant building, including: temperature data, humidity data, wind force data, and light data;

[0073] And generate a pre-wear value of the photovoltaic cable based on the top environmental data and historical data;

[0074] Select the type and specification of the cable based on the pre-wear value of the photovoltaic cable.

[0075] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of a construction method for a photovoltaic power generation plant building in an embodiment of the present invention are as follows:

[0076] By constructing a first-level model of the plant building, it provides a basic framework for subsequent photovoltaic module layout and plant building structure design, ensuring a reasonable structural layout of the plant building and enabling the maximum utilization of local natural resources (such as sunlight) for power generation.

[0077] By setting the set A1 of photovoltaic module layout points, the top space of the plant building can be fully utilized, ensuring the rationality and compactness of the photovoltaic module layout, improving the utilization rate of the top space of the plant building, and thus increasing the overall scale of photovoltaic power generation.

[0078] Set the inclination angle and orientation of the photovoltaic modules according to the geographical environment data of the construction site, and then determine the floor area of each module, so that the photovoltaic modules can receive sunlight at the optimal angle, improving the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic modules.

[0079] By classifying the obstacle data around the photovoltaic power plant, generating fixed obstacles and variable obstacles, and converting them into geometric figures to calculate the light transmittance, it helps to more accurately analyze the impact of obstacles on sunlight occlusion.

[0080] By combining the predicted power generation efficiency data to determine the standard day, and then obtaining the shadow coverage area B through the shadow model, considering the actual situation of the predicted power generation efficiency, it can more accurately identify the shadow areas that have a greater impact on power generation.

[0081] By constructing a layout point shadow evaluation model to quantify the shadow influence degree of layout points in each shadow area, it is possible to comprehensively and objectively evaluate the influence of shadows on the power generation of photovoltaic modules, providing a scientific basis for reasonably dividing the candidate and discarded layout points of photovoltaic modules.

[0082] Dividing the layout point set A of the shadow area by the layout point shadow evaluation value 11 helps to improve the actual power generation efficiency of photovoltaic modules and reduce the power generation loss caused by shadow occlusion.

[0083] By applying the combined load F to the first-level model of the factory building, it is possible to reinforce the factory building structure in a targeted manner; this reinforcement method based on the analysis of actual loads and structural deformations can improve the bearing capacity of the factory building structure, meet the requirements of different environmental loads, and extend the service life of the factory building.

[0084] Conducting safety inspections on the preliminary path planning can promptly detect potential safety risks (such as cable overload problems), and correct the path to ensure the safety and reliability of the cable line, reducing energy loss and safety accidents during power transmission. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0085] Figure 1 is a flowchart of a construction method for a photovoltaic power generation factory building provided by an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Embodiment

[0086] The following combines the drawings and embodiments to further describe in detail the specific embodiments of the present invention. The following embodiments are used to illustrate the present invention but are not used to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0087] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention.

[0088] The terms "first" and "second" are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the quantity of the indicated technical features. Thus, the features defined with "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of such features. In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise stated, the meaning of "a plurality" is two or more.

[0089] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that unless otherwise clearly specified and defined, the terms "installation", "connection", and "coupling" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, and it can be the communication inside two components. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific situations.

[0090] Embodiment 1:

[0091] A construction method for a photovoltaic power generation plant building according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention is as Figure 1 shown, including:

[0092] Based on the geographical environment, construct a first-level model of the building and generate the shaded area B of the photovoltaic power plant;

[0093] Set the first photovoltaic module layout point set A1 through the first-level model of the building, and combine the first photovoltaic module layout point set A1 and the shaded area B of the photovoltaic power plant to generate the second photovoltaic module layout point set A2;

[0094] Based on the second photovoltaic module layout point set A2, reinforce the first-level model of the building to generate a second-level model of the photovoltaic power generation plant building;

[0095] Optimize the lines of the second-level model of the photovoltaic power generation plant building to generate a third-level model of the photovoltaic power generation plant building.

[0096] Embodiment 2:

[0097] When generating the shaded area B of the photovoltaic power plant, it includes:

[0098] Obtain the obstacle data around the photovoltaic power plant, classify the obstacle data, and generate fixed obstacles and variable obstacles;

[0099] Convert the obstacle data into geometric figures and calculate the light transmittance of the geometric figures;

[0100] And combine historical data to determine the direct solar angle;

[0101] Based on the direct solar angle and the geometric figures, generate a shaded model of the photovoltaic power plant;

[0102] Obtain the predicted power generation efficiency data of the photovoltaic power plant in the area to be constructed, and divide the predicted power generation efficiency into gradients {H1, H2... H max}; where H max represents the maximum value of the predicted power generation efficiency gradient;

[0103] Construct a mapping table that predicts the gradient of power generation efficiency and the number of dates;

[0104] Obtain the date corresponding to the predicted power generation efficiency gradient with the maximum date proportion in the mapping table,

[0105] Generate a date set X, X = [X1, X2, … X i … X q (1 < q < 366);

[0106] where X i represents the i-th date in the date set, and q represents the total number of dates in the date set;

[0107] Calculate the average power generation efficiency of the date set X, and calculate the difference between the power generation efficiency of each date in the date set X and the average power generation efficiency {cp1, cp2 …… cp q}, and select the date with the smallest difference as the standard day;

[0108] Obtain the meteorological data within the standard day and pass it through the shadow model of the photovoltaic power plant to simulate the process of the shadow passing over the top of the photovoltaic power plant, and generate the shadow coverage area B of the photovoltaic power plant.

[0109] In this embodiment, various measurement tools, such as laser rangefinders and unmanned aerial vehicle mapping, are used to obtain data such as the spatial position information, height, and shape of obstacles within a certain range around the photovoltaic power plant.

[0110] Extract data such as terrain and buildings that may affect lighting from the Geographic Information System (GIS).

[0111] For fixed obstacles, judge through long-term monitoring data or on-site inspections that they are objects that will not move or change in form, such as permanent buildings and large mountains.

[0112] Variable obstacles are those objects that may change over time, such as tall trees that grow seasonally (whose height and foliage coverage change with the season), movable temporary buildings, or vehicle parking areas.

[0113] According to the shape of the obstacle, simplify it into basic geometric shapes. For example, a building may be simplified into a cuboid, and a tree may be simplified into a cylinder (ignoring the irregular shape of the branches and leaves for convenience of calculation).

[0114] For obstacles with complex shapes, they can be approximately represented by a combination of multiple simple geometric shapes.

[0115] For obstacles of different materials, determine the light transmittance according to their optical properties. For example, for the part of a building made of transparent glass, the light transmittance is relatively high; while for an opaque wall, the light transmittance is 0.

[0116] For objects with pores or incomplete occlusion (such as trees with gaps between leaves), calculate the average light transmittance according to factors such as porosity. This may require the aid of some optical models or on-site measurement of light intensities at different positions to determine.

[0117] Utilize the performance parameters of photovoltaic cells (such as photoelectric conversion efficiency, temperature coefficient, etc.) and local light resource data (average sunshine duration, solar radiation intensity, etc.), and obtain the predicted power generation efficiency data of the photovoltaic power plant in the area to be constructed by establishing a power generation efficiency prediction model.

[0118] Considering the influence of factors such as shadow occlusion and temperature difference that the photovoltaic cells at different positions may be subject to, it is necessary to conduct a subdivision calculation for the entire photovoltaic power plant area.

[0119] According to the numerical range of the predicted power generation efficiency, divide it into different gradients. For example, divide the power generation efficiency in the range of 0 - 10% into the H1 gradient, 10% - 20% into the H2 gradient, and so on until the highest H max gradient.

[0120] Obtain detailed meteorological data within a standard day from the local meteorological department, including cloud cover, wind direction and wind speed, etc.

[0121] These meteorological data may affect the dynamic changes of light intensity and shadows.

[0122] Input the meteorological data into the established shadow model of the photovoltaic power plant, and considering factors such as the scattering and occlusion of sunlight by clouds, simulate the process of the shadow passing over the top of the photovoltaic power plant as the sun position changes throughout the day.

[0123] According to the simulation results, accurately determine the areas covered by shadows at different times, so as to generate the shadow coverage area B of the photovoltaic power plant.

[0124] Example 3:

[0125] When setting the first set A1 of photovoltaic module layout points through the plant level - 1 model, it includes:

[0126] Based on the structure, orientation, and dimensions of the photovoltaic power generation plant, construct the plant level - 1 model;

[0127] Based on the geographical environment data of the construction site, set the inclination angle and orientation of the photovoltaic modules;

[0128] Based on the inclination angle and orientation of the photovoltaic modules, determine the floor area of each photovoltaic module;

[0129] Based on the floor area of each photovoltaic module and combined with the top configuration of the plant level - 1 model, set the first set A1 of photovoltaic module layout points in proportion.

[0130] In this embodiment, the structure, orientation, and dimensions of the plant building are considered.

[0131] Firstly, a comprehensive analysis of the structure of the photovoltaic power generation plant building is required, including the type of frame structure of the plant building (such as steel structure, concrete structure, etc.), and the support method (such as column support, truss support, etc.), which will affect the subsequent layout and bearing capacity of the photovoltaic modules.

[0132] Determine the orientation of the photovoltaic power generation plant building, which is closely related to the local sunshine conditions. For example, in the Northern Hemisphere, generally a south-facing orientation can obtain more sunshine. At the same time, accurately measure the dimensions of the plant building, including parameters such as length L, width W, and height H. These dimension data will provide the basis for constructing the model.

[0133] Based on the above structure, orientation, and dimension information, construct the first-level model of the plant building. It can be represented by using 3D modeling software or a mathematical model. For example, in a three-dimensional coordinate system, taking a corner of the plant building as the origin, and taking the length, width, and height directions of the plant building as the x, y, and z axes respectively to establish the model.

[0134] Collect the geographical environment data of the construction site according to the geographical environment data of the construction site, such as latitude longitude λ, topography (such as plain, mountain, etc.), and surrounding environment (such as whether there are obstacles, etc.).

[0135] According to the geographical latitude The optimal inclination angle θ of the photovoltaic module can be calculated. Generally speaking, in the Northern Hemisphere, the inclination angle θ has a certain relationship with the local latitude ... There is a certain relationship, for example, it can be adopted or ( is the angle adjusted according to the actual local situation).

[0136] Determine the orientation of the photovoltaic module, also based on the geographical environment data. In the Northern Hemisphere, without special obstructions, facing due south can obtain the maximum amount of sunshine. If there are special situations such as local obstructions, the orientation needs to be adjusted appropriately.

[0137] Given the inclination angle θ and orientation of the photovoltaic module, combined with the dimensions of the photovoltaic module itself (assuming the length is l and the width is w), the projected area S of each photovoltaic module on the horizontal plane can be calculated.

[0138] Set the first set of photovoltaic module layout points A1 in proportion to the top configuration of the plant building model. Based on the floor area S of each photovoltaic module and the top configuration of the first-level plant building model, set it in proportion. For example, if the top configuration of the plant building is rectangular, with a length of L and a width of W, then the photovoltaic module layout points can be set on the top of the plant building according to a certain arrangement rule (such as determinant arrangement).

[0139] Starting from a corner at the top of the factory building, the positions of the layout points are sequentially determined according to the floor area S of the photovoltaic modules, and all the layout points form the first photovoltaic module layout point set A1. Each point in this set represents a position where a photovoltaic module can be arranged, taking into account various factors such as the structure of the factory building, the inclination and orientation of the photovoltaic modules, and the floor area.

[0140] Example 4:

[0141] Based on the shadow coverage area B of the photovoltaic power plant, a second photovoltaic module layout point set A2 is generated, including:

[0142] Obtain the first photovoltaic module layout point set within the shadow coverage area B to generate the shadow area layout point set A 11 ;

[0143] Based on the shadow data of the obtained shadow area layout point set A 11 construct a layout point shadow evaluation model to generate layout point shadow evaluation values;

[0144] Based on the layout point shadow evaluation values, divide the shadow area layout point set A 11 ; generate the set of candidate photovoltaic module layout points A 21 and the set of discarded photovoltaic module layout points;

[0145] Based on the set of candidate photovoltaic module layout points A 21 generate the second photovoltaic module layout point set A2, A2 = A1 - A 11 +A 21 .

[0146] In this embodiment, first, for the shadow coverage area B of the photovoltaic power plant, the first photovoltaic module layout point set therein is obtained. These layout points may be the initially planned or existing photovoltaic module layout points within the shadow coverage area.

[0147] By analyzing the geographical information of the shadow coverage area B, the photovoltaic module layout plan data, etc., determine the relevant information such as the positions of these first photovoltaic module layout points.

[0148] Generate the shadow area layout point set A 11

[0149] Sort out the points in the obtained first photovoltaic module layout point set that are within the shadow coverage area B to generate the shadow area layout point set A 11 . The layout points in this set will serve as the basis for subsequent shadow evaluation.

[0150] Based on the shadow area layout point set A 11Construct a layout point shadow evaluation model using the shadow data. The shadow data may include information such as the coverage duration of the shadow, the coverage area of the shadow, the frequency of shadow occurrence, etc. (as described in the relevant calculation methods above).

[0151] Based on these shadow data, comprehensively considering various factors affecting shadow evaluation, construct a model that can quantify the degree of shadow influence on each layout point. For example, the model can be constructed by analyzing the relationship between the shadow coverage duration and the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic module, considering the ratio of the shadow coverage area to the total area of the module, etc.

[0152] Using the constructed layout point shadow evaluation model, calculate the corresponding layout point shadow evaluation value for each layout point in the set A of layout points in the shadow area 11 This evaluation value can intuitively reflect the degree of shadow influence on each layout point.

[0153] Example 5:

[0154] When constructing the layout point shadow evaluation model, it includes:

[0155] The set A of layout points in the shadow area 11 , A 11 = [a1, a2, … ai … a i … a n ;

[0156] Among them, a i represents the i-th layout point in the shadow area, and n represents the number of layout points in the shadow area;

[0157] Based on historical data, set multiple monitoring time nodes {t1, t2, … ti … t i … t u};

[0158] Among them, t i represents the i-th monitoring time node, and u represents the number of monitoring time nodes;

[0159] Obtain the number of shadow occurrences {1, 2 … i … h} of the current layout point in the shadow area;

[0160] Among them, h represents the total number of shadow occurrences of the current layout point in the shadow area;

[0161] Calculate the sub-shadow evaluation value Mi for each shadow occurrence, sum the sub-shadow evaluation values Mi, and generate a layout point shadow evaluation model:

[0162]

[0163] In this embodiment, first clarify the set A of layout points in the shadow area 11 = [a1, a2, …, ai, …, an], where

[0164] Let \(a_i\) denote the \(i\)-th shadow area layout point, and \(n\) denote the number of shadow area layout points. These layout points are the points that may be affected by shadows after preliminary screening or determined according to the site layout, such as the photovoltaic module layout points near obstacles such as buildings and trees.

[0165] Set multiple monitoring time nodes based on historical data. The setting of the monitoring time nodes can be determined according to actual needs and data availability. For example, it can be set at equal time intervals (such as every hour, every half hour, etc.), or according to the key nodes of the change of the solar altitude angle (such as sunrise, sunset, noon, etc.).

[0166] Obtain the number of shadow occurrences \(\{1, 2, \ldots, i, \ldots, h\}\), where \(h\) represents the total number of shadow occurrences at the current shadow area layout point. This can be obtained through the analysis of historical data. For example, check whether there is a shadow at each monitoring time node and count the frequency of shadow occurrences.

[0167] Calculate the sub-shadow evaluation value \(M_i\), calculate the sub-shadow evaluation value \(M_i\) for each shadow occurrence. This involves considering multiple factors such as shadow coverage area, shadow coverage duration, and the power generation efficiency of photovoltaic modules in the sub-working period.

[0168] This model comprehensively considers the influence of each shadow occurrence period. By summing the sub-shadow evaluation values, an index \(M\) is obtained that can comprehensively evaluate the degree of shadow influence at the shadow area layout point. This index can be used to compare the shadow influence sizes of different shadow area layout points, providing a basis for the subsequent selection or optimization of photovoltaic module layout points. For example, if the value of \(M\) is large, it indicates that the shadow influence at this layout point is relatively serious, and it may be necessary to re-consider the feasibility of using it as a photovoltaic module layout point, or take measures to reduce the shadow influence (such as adjusting surrounding obstacles or changing the layout direction of photovoltaic modules, etc.).

[0169] Example 6:

[0170] Obtain the shadow coverage area score \(S\) of the current shadow area layout point;

[0171] Obtain the time periods when \(S\neq0\), generate the shadow coverage duration set \(T_1\), \(T_1 = [t_1, t_2, \ldots t\) i …t v (v < u);

[0172] where \(t_1\) represents the initial monitoring time node when the shadow area layout point \(S\neq0\), and \(t\) v represents the end monitoring time node when the shadow area layout point \(S\neq0\);

[0173] Divide the total working period of the photovoltaic module based on historical data to obtain a set of sub-working periods T, T = [T1, T2, … T i … T m , and the time length of each sub-working period is T2 (T2 < T1);

[0174] Among them, T i represents the i-th sub-working period, m represents the number of sub-working periods of the total working period of the photovoltaic module, and generate the shadow coverage time influence value

[0175] And obtain the power generation efficiency score P(T i ) of the photovoltaic module for each sub-working period based on historical data; and the shadow coverage time influence value and the power generation efficiency score have the same value range;

[0176] Divide the duration set T1 of the shadow coverage at intervals of T2 to generate the shadow coverage period T3, T3 = [T1, T2, … T i … T w (w < m);

[0177] Among them, w represents the number of sub-working periods of the shadow coverage period;

[0178] Generate the sub-shadow evaluation value Mi of the current shadow area layout point;

[0179]

[0180] Among them, K1 is the first coefficient of the sub-shadow evaluation value of the current shadow area layout point, and K2 is the second coefficient of the sub-shadow evaluation value of the current shadow area layout point.

[0181] In this embodiment, first obtain the shadow coverage area score S of the current shadow area layout point. It is calculated by geometric analysis of the photovoltaic module layout, combined with factors such as the shape, position of surrounding obstacles, and the sun position (determined by astronomical algorithms).

[0182] For the shadow coverage area generated by a simple rectangular obstacle on a flat ground, it can be calculated according to the principle of similar triangles using parameters such as the height of the obstacle, the distance from the layout point, and the solar altitude angle.

[0183] K1 represents the evaluation of the power generation efficiency loss caused by shadow coverage, and K2 represents the loss caused by different power generation efficiencies due to different shadow coverage periods.

[0184] Example 7:

[0185] Generate a set A of candidate photovoltaic module layout points 21When deprecating the set of photovoltaic module layout points, it includes:

[0186] Calculate the shadow evaluation value M for each photovoltaic module layout point;

[0187] Set the shadow evaluation value threshold θ based on the layout point shadow evaluation value M;

[0188] If M > θ, the current photovoltaic module layout point is a deprecated photovoltaic module layout point;

[0189] If M ≤ θ, the current photovoltaic module layout point is a candidate photovoltaic module layout point.

[0190] In this embodiment, for each photovoltaic module layout point:

[0191] If M > θ, classify the current photovoltaic module layout point as a deprecated photovoltaic module layout point, and form a set of deprecated photovoltaic module layout points with these points. Since these points are greatly affected by shadows and may seriously affect the photovoltaic power generation efficiency, they are not suitable as the layout points for photovoltaic modules.

[0192] If M ≤ θ, classify the current photovoltaic module layout point as a candidate photovoltaic module layout point to form a set A of candidate photovoltaic module layout points 21 . The shadow influence of these points is within an acceptable range, and other factors (such as land cost, power transmission distance, etc.) can be further considered to finally determine the layout points of photovoltaic modules.

[0193] Embodiment 8:

[0194] When strengthening the first-level model of the factory building, it includes:

[0195] Based on the weight of the pre-added photovoltaic module and the area of the photovoltaic module, calculate the self-load F1 generated by the self-weight of the photovoltaic module;

[0196] Obtain the wind speed data {v1, v2... v n} and air density ρ in the historical data;

[0197] Select the maximum value in the wind speed data {v1, v2... v n}, calculate the wind load F2, F2 = 0.5ρv max 2 C;

[0198] where C is the wind load coefficient;

[0199] Obtain other loads F3 in the historical data;

[0200] where A is the horizontal projected area of the photovoltaic module;

[0201] Based on its own load F1, wind load F2, and other loads F3, a combined load F is generated, where F = F1 + F2 + F3;

[0202] Apply the combined load F to the first-level model of the plant to generate the structural deformation value of the first-level model of the plant. By comparing the structural deformation value with the preset deformation value, execute the reinforcement strategy to generate the second-level model of the photovoltaic power generation plant.

[0203] In this embodiment, the other load F3 may come from various factors, such as the weight of equipment in the plant, snow load, seismic load, etc. Obtain relevant information about these loads from the historical data of the plant. This data may be stored in the construction archives of the plant, equipment installation records, or a dedicated structural monitoring system.

[0204] To generate the structural deformation value, apply the combined load F to the first-level model of the plant. Through structural mechanics analysis methods (such as finite element analysis, etc.), generate the structural deformation value Δ of the first-level model of the plant. This process involves applying the combined load to the model of the plant structure and calculating the deformation of the structure under this load.

[0205] The preset deformation value Δ0 is set according to the design requirements, safety standards, etc. of the plant. Compare Δ and Δ0:

[0206] If Δ ≤ Δ0, it indicates that the deformation of the current structure under the combined load is within the acceptable range. It may not be necessary to carry out large-scale reinforcement, but some preventive reinforcement measures can still be taken or the structure can be optimized.

[0207] If Δ > Δ0, then the reinforcement strategy needs to be executed.

[0208] The reinforcement strategy includes:

[0209] Increase the cross-sectional size of the structural members, such as increasing the cross-sectional area of steel beams and steel columns, to improve the load-bearing capacity of the structure. This method directly increases the strength of the structure and can effectively reduce the deformation of the structure under the load.

[0210] Add support structures, such as adding diagonal braces to the frame of the plant, to change the force system of the structure and make the structure more stable, thereby reducing deformation.

[0211] Upgrade the structural material. For example, replace ordinary steel with high-strength steel to improve the mechanical properties of the material, withstand greater loads, and reduce deformation.

[0212] By implementing these reinforcement strategies, improve the first-level model of the plant to generate the second-level model of the photovoltaic power generation plant, enabling it to meet the requirements of structural safety and stability.

[0213] Example 9:

[0214] When optimizing the circuit of the secondary model of the photovoltaic power generation plant, it includes:

[0215] Generate a preliminary path plan based on the second photovoltaic module layout point set A2 and historical data;

[0216] Conduct a safety inspection on the preliminary path plan based on the type, specification, and power limit of the cable, and modify the path based on the results of the safety inspection;

[0217] According to the cable specification, calculate the carrying power of the cable, compare it with the power expected to be transmitted in the preliminary path plan. If the expected transmitted power exceeds the maximum carrying power of the cable, there is a safety risk, and the current cable needs to be replaced.

[0218] In this embodiment, conduct a safety inspection on the preliminary path plan: calculate its carrying power according to the specification information such as the cross-sectional area and material of the cable. For each cable connection in the preliminary path plan, compare the calculated carrying power with the expected transmitted power.

[0219] If the expected transmitted power exceeds the maximum carrying power of the cable, in addition to there being a safety risk, it may also cause the cable to overheat, accelerate cable aging, and affect its service life.

[0220] The entire photovoltaic power generation system may have an overall power limit. In addition to considering the carrying power of a single cable, it is also necessary to ensure that the line combination in the preliminary path plan does not cause power overload at some nodes in the entire system.

[0221] If it is found that the cable type is not suitable:

[0222] Replace it with a cable type suitable for this environment or meeting the performance requirements. At the same time, consider the installation requirements and costs of the new cable, and it may be necessary to readjust some connection points in the path plan.

[0223] If the cable specification does not meet the power requirements:

[0224] For the case of insufficient carrying power, it can be replaced with a cable of a larger specification (such as a larger cross-sectional area). This may increase costs, but it can ensure safety. After replacing the cable specification, re-evaluate the entire path plan because the change in cable specification may affect the layout and connection method of the line.

[0225] If there is an overall power limit problem:

[0226] Adjust the path plan, and re-allocate some layout points with large power demands to different lines to balance the power load of each line.

[0227] When the carrying power calculated according to the cable specifications cannot meet the power expected to be transmitted in the preliminary path planning, the cable must be replaced. This is to ensure the safety of the line and prevent a series of problems caused by power overload, such as cable burnout, short circuit, etc.

[0228] After replacing the cable, the performance of the entire line needs to be re-evaluated. This includes recalculating parameters such as the resistance and inductance of the line, and changes in these parameters may affect the power transmission efficiency.

[0229] Also consider the impact of replacing the cable on the secondary model of the entire photovoltaic power generation plant, such as whether it will affect the layout of other equipment and whether it is necessary to adjust relevant protection devices.

[0230] Example 10:

[0231] When generating the preliminary path planning, it includes:

[0232] Based on historical data, establish an environmental model of the photovoltaic module layout points, simulate the environment on the top of the photovoltaic power generation plant, and generate environmental data on the top of the photovoltaic power generation plant, including: temperature data, humidity data, wind force data, and light intensity data;

[0233] And generate the pre-wear value of the photovoltaic cable based on the top environmental data and historical data;

[0234] Based on the pre-wear value of the photovoltaic cable, select the type and specification of the cable to generate the preliminary path planning.

[0235] In this embodiment, through the constructed environmental model, the temperature data, humidity data, wind force data, and light intensity data at different times (such as hours, days, seasons, etc.) are simulated. For example, at a given time point t, the corresponding temperature T(t), humidity H(t), wind force F(t) (including magnitude and direction), and light intensity I(t) are calculated according to the above various models.

[0236] Calculate the pre-wear value W of the photovoltaic cable, then

[0237] where t1 and t2 are the time intervals for calculating the wear value.

[0238] For cable type selection, different types of cables have different environmental resistance performances. For example, for a high-temperature environment, a cable with a high-temperature resistant outer skin material (such as fluoroplastics, etc.) may be selected; for a high-humidity environment, a cable with good moisture-proof and corrosion-resistant properties (such as cross-linked polyethylene insulated cable, etc.) is selected. According to the influence weights of each environmental factor in the calculated pre-wear value, select the most suitable cable type. If the temperature factor in the pre-wear value accounts for a relatively large proportion, give priority to selecting a cable type with good high-temperature resistance.

[0239] The cable specification selection takes into account the current-carrying capacity and service life requirements of the cable. The cable specification affects its current-carrying capacity and abrasion resistance. If the pre-wear value is relatively high, a larger cable specification needs to be selected to ensure that electrical energy can be transmitted safely and stably within the service life of the cable. At the same time, according to the power demand of the photovoltaic system, calculate the required current-carrying capacity of the cable, and select the appropriate cable specification based on the relationship between the cable specification and the current-carrying capacity to ensure that the system requirements are met and the pre-wear value of the cable is within an acceptable range.

[0240] Finally, it should be noted that: Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various changes and deformations to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Thus, if these modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalent technologies, the present invention also intends to include these changes and deformations.

[0241] The above is only one example of the present invention, but it cannot be used to limit the scope of the present invention. Any structural changes made based on the present invention, as long as they do not deviate from the essence of the present invention, should be regarded as falling within the protection scope of the present invention and being restricted. Those skilled in the art can clearly understand that for the convenience and simplicity of description, the specific working process and related descriptions of the above-described platform can refer to the corresponding process in the foregoing platform embodiment and will not be elaborated herein.

[0242] The term "comprising" or any other similar term is intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, platform, article, or device / platform comprising a series of elements not only includes those elements but also includes other elements not explicitly listed, or further includes elements inherent to these processes, platforms, articles, or devices / platforms.

[0243] So far, the technical solutions of the present invention have been described in combination with the further embodiments shown in the drawings. However, it is easy for those skilled in the art to understand that the protection scope of the present invention is obviously not limited to these specific embodiments. Without departing from the principle of the present invention, those skilled in the art can make equivalent changes or substitutions to the relevant technical features, and the technical solutions after these changes or substitutions will fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0244] The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not used to limit the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A construction method for a photovoltaic power generation plant, characterized in that, Including: Based on the geographical environment, construct a first-level plant model and generate the shaded area B of the photovoltaic power plant; Set the first set A1 of photovoltaic module layout points through the first-level plant model, and combine the first set A1 of photovoltaic module layout points and the shaded area B of the photovoltaic power plant to generate the second set A2 of photovoltaic module layout points; Based on the second set A2 of photovoltaic module layout points, reinforce the first-level plant model to generate a second-level photovoltaic power plant model; Optimize the circuit of the second-level photovoltaic power plant model to generate a third-level photovoltaic power plant model.

2. The construction method of the photovoltaic power generation plant according to claim 1, wherein, When generating the shaded area B of the photovoltaic power plant, it includes: Obtain the obstacle data around the photovoltaic power plant, classify the obstacle data, and generate fixed obstacles and variable obstacles; Convert the obstacle data into geometric figures and calculate the light transmittance of the geometric figures; And combine historical data to determine the direct solar angle; Based on the direct solar angle and the geometric figure, generate a shadow model of the photovoltaic power plant; Obtain the predicted power generation efficiency data of the photovoltaic power plant in the area to be constructed, and divide the predicted power generation efficiency into gradients {H1, H2... H max}; where H max represents the maximum value of the predicted power generation efficiency gradient; Construct a mapping table between the predicted power generation efficiency gradient and the number of dates; Obtain the date corresponding to the predicted power generation efficiency gradient with the maximum date proportion in the mapping table, Generate a set of dates X, X = [X1, X2, … X i … X q (1 < q < 366); where X i represents the i-th date in the date set, and q represents the total number of dates in the date set; Calculate the average power generation efficiency of the date set X, and calculate the differences {cp1, cp2... cp q} between the power generation efficiencies of each date in the date set X and the average power generation efficiency, and select the date with the smallest difference as the standard day; Obtain the meteorological data within a standard day passing through the shadow model of the photovoltaic power plant, simulate the process of the shadow passing through the top of the photovoltaic power plant, and generate the shaded area B of the photovoltaic power plant.

3. The construction method of the photovoltaic power generation plant according to claim 2, characterized in that, When setting the first set A1 of photovoltaic module layout points, it includes: Based on the structure, orientation, and size of the photovoltaic power plant building, construct a first-level plant model; Set the inclination and orientation of the photovoltaic modules based on the geographical environment data of the construction site; Based on the inclination and orientation of the photovoltaic modules, determine the floor area of each photovoltaic module; Based on the floor area of each photovoltaic module, set the first set A1 of photovoltaic module layout points proportionally in combination with the top configuration of the first-level plant model.

4. The construction method of the photovoltaic power generation plant according to claim 3, characterized in that, Generating the second set A2 of photovoltaic module layout points includes: Obtain the first set of photovoltaic module layout points within the shadow-covered area B, and generate the set of layout points for the shadow area A 11 ; Based on the obtained set of points A arranged in the shadow area 11 of shadow data, construct a layout point shadow evaluation model to generate a layout point shadow evaluation value; Divide the set A of the layout points of the shadow area based on the evaluation value of the arranged point shadow 11 ; Generate the set A of the layout points of the photovoltaic modules to be selected 21 and the set of the layout points of the photovoltaic modules to be deprecated; Based on the set A of candidate photovoltaic module layout points 21 Generate the second set A2 of photovoltaic module layout points, where A2 = A1 - A 11 + A 21 .

5. The construction method of the photovoltaic power generation plant according to claim 4, characterized in that When constructing the layout point shadow evaluation model, it includes: The set of points A is arranged in the shaded area 11 , A 11 = [a1, a2, … a i … a n ; Among them, a i represents the layout point of the i-th shaded area, and n represents the number of layout points of the shaded area; Based on historical data, set multiple monitoring time nodes {t1, t2, … t i … t u}; where t i represents the i-th monitoring time node, and u represents the number of monitoring time nodes; Obtain the shadow occurrence times {1, 2... i... h} of the layout points in the current shadow area; Where h represents the total number of times the shadow appears at the layout points in the current shadow area; Calculate the sub-shadow evaluation value Mi for each shadow occurrence, sum the sub-shadow evaluation values Mi, and generate a layout point shadow evaluation model:

6. The construction method of a photovoltaic power generation plant as described in claim 5, wherein When calculating the sub-shadow evaluation value Mi for each shadow occurrence, it includes: Obtain the shadow coverage area score S of the layout points in the current shadow area; Obtain the time period when S≠0, generate the duration set T1 covered by the shadow, T1 = [t1, t2, … t i … t v (v < u); Among them, t1 represents the initial monitoring time node of the shaded area layout point S≠0, and t v represents the end monitoring time node of the shaded area layout point S≠0; Divide the total working period of the photovoltaic module based on historical data to obtain a set of sub-working periods \(T\), \(T = [T_1, T_2, \ldots T i \ldots T m \), and the time length of each sub-working period is \(T_2\) (\(T_2 < T_1\)); Among them, T i represents the i-th sub-working period, m represents the number of sub-working periods of the total working period of the photovoltaic module, and the shadow coverage time influence value is generated and obtain the power generation efficiency score P(T i ) of the photovoltaic module for each sub-working period based on historical data; and the shadow coverage time influence value has the same value range as the power generation efficiency score ; Divide the set T1 of the shadow coverage duration at time intervals of T2 to generate the shadow coverage time period T3, T3 = [T1, T2, … T i … T w (w < m); Where w represents the number of sub-work periods of the time period covered by the shadow; Generate the sub-shadow evaluation value Mi of the layout points in the current shadow area; Where K1 is the first coefficient of the sub-shadow evaluation value of the layout points in the current shadow area, and K2 is the second coefficient of the sub-shadow evaluation value of the layout points in the current shadow area.

7. The construction method of a photovoltaic power generation plant as claimed in claim 6, wherein, Generating the set A of candidate photovoltaic module layout points 21 When discarding the set of photovoltaic module layout points, it includes: Calculate the shadow evaluation value M of each photovoltaic module layout point; Set the shadow evaluation value threshold θ based on the layout point shadow evaluation value M; If M > θ, the current photovoltaic module layout point is a discarded photovoltaic module layout point; If M ≤ θ, the current photovoltaic module layout point is a candidate photovoltaic module layout point.

8. The construction method of the photovoltaic power generation plant according to claim 7, characterized in that, When reinforcing the first-level plant model, it includes: Based on the weight of the pre-added photovoltaic modules and the area of the photovoltaic modules, calculate the self-load F1 generated by the self-weight of the photovoltaic modules; Obtain the wind speed data {v1, v2... v n} and the air density ρ; Select the maximum value from the wind speed data {v1, v2... v n}, calculate the wind load F2, F2 = 0.5ρv max 2 C; Among them, C is the wind load coefficient; Obtain other loads F3 in historical data; Among them, A is the horizontal projected area of the photovoltaic module; Based on its own load F1, wind load F2 and other loads F3, generate a combined load F, F = F1 + F2 + F3; Apply the combined load F to the first-level model of the factory building to generate the structural deformation value of the first-level model of the factory building. By comparing the structural deformation value with the preset deformation value, execute the reinforcement strategy to generate the second-level model of the photovoltaic power generation factory building.

9. The construction method of the photovoltaic power generation plant as described in claim 8, characterized in that, When optimizing the circuit of the second-level model of the photovoltaic power generation factory building, it includes: Generate a preliminary path plan based on the second photovoltaic module layout point set A2 and historical data; Based on the type, specification and power limit of the cable, conduct a safety inspection on the preliminary path plan, and correct the path based on the results of the safety inspection; According to the cable specification, calculate the carrying power of the cable, compare it with the power expected to be transmitted in the preliminary path plan. If the expected transmitted power exceeds the maximum carrying power of the cable, there is a safety risk, and the current cable needs to be replaced.

10. The construction method of the photovoltaic power generation plant as described in claim 9, characterized in that, When generating the preliminary path plan, it includes: Based on historical data, establish an environmental model of the photovoltaic module layout points, simulate the environment on the top of the photovoltaic power generation factory building, and generate environmental data on the top of the photovoltaic power generation factory building, including: temperature data, humidity data, wind force data and light data; And generate the pre-wear value of the photovoltaic cable based on the top environmental data and historical data; Select the type and specification of the cable based on the pre-wear value of the photovoltaic cable.

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