Multi-dimensional molecular engineering assisted waste lithium ion battery positive electrode material structure reconstruction method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of electrode structure reconstruction, and discloses a multi-dimensional molecular engineering assisted waste lithium ion battery positive electrode material structure reconstruction method. The method comprises the following steps: modifying a collagenous fiber biological template mediated lithium battery positive electrode material by adopting a chlorogenic acid-mannan grafted product to form a three-dimensional framework, filling nano zirconium dioxide crystals, and finally adopting a nano coating technology to improve the electrical properties of the electrode, prolong the service life of the battery and improve the safety performance. The method is simple in preparation process, green and safe. The performance of the battery electrode after the electrode reconstruction is obviously improved, and the recycling of the waste lithium battery is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of electrode structure reconstruction, and in particular to a method for structural reconstruction of waste lithium-ion battery positive electrode materials assisted by multi-dimensional molecular engineering. Background Art

[0002] With the development of batteries, lithium batteries have become energy storage devices for mobile phones, computers, drones, new energy vehicles, and more. Lithium batteries, assisted by multidimensional molecular engineering, are endowed with higher ion transport, electronic conductivity, rate capability, and cycle stability due to their nano-two-dimensional layered structure. Over time, interfacial side reactions between the electrode and the electrolyte form a solid electrolyte interface layer on the electrode surface. Over time, this interface layer thickens, affecting ion transport. Due to differences in the chemical and physical properties of the polymer materials used in auxiliary battery positive electrode materials, some electrode materials expand in volume during charging and discharging, resulting in unstable electrode structure, reduced battery capacity, and serious safety hazards.

[0003] Chinese patent application publication number CN 118800992 A discloses a method for reconstructing the layered structure of high-nickel cathode materials that have failed after storage in lithium batteries. The method involves heat-treating the failed ternary layered high-nickel cathode material. The cathode material, conductive agent, and binder are then mixed and stirred in N-methylpyrrolidone. The resulting slurry is then coated onto aluminum foil and hot-rolled to form a lithium battery cathode sheet. While this method is quick, simple, and easy to operate, it employs a single technique and does not effectively enhance electrode performance, thereby further improving battery performance and extending service life.

[0004] Therefore, it is particularly important to provide a method that uses multidimensional molecular engineering to assist in reconstructing the interface structure of waste lithium battery positive electrode materials, restore the electrical performance of lithium batteries, and extend the battery life. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present invention aims to provide a method for reconstructing the structure of waste lithium-ion battery positive electrode materials assisted by multidimensional molecular engineering. This method uses a chlorogenic acid-mannan grafted product to modify a collagen fiber bio-template to mediate the lithium battery positive electrode material, forming a three-dimensional skeleton that is filled with nano-zirconia crystals to reconstruct the positive electrode structure of the waste battery. Finally, nano-silver coating wrapping technology is used to extend the service life of the electrode and improve the overall safety performance of the battery.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a method for reconstructing the structure of waste lithium-ion battery cathode materials assisted by multidimensional molecular engineering, comprising:

[0007] Step S1, dissolving chlorogenic acid and mannan in a first solvent, adding an acid solution and an initiator, and reacting to obtain chlorogenic acid-mannan;

[0008] Step S2, dissolving chlorogenic acid-mannan and collagen fibers in a second solvent, adding glutaraldehyde, and reacting to obtain chlorogenic acid-mannan modified collagen fibers;

[0009] Step S3, dispersing the chlorogenic acid-mannan modified collagen fibers in a saturated sodium chloride solution, adding an acid solution and stirring for the first time, adding nano zirconium dioxide, and stirring for the second time to obtain chlorogenic acid-mannan modified collagen fibers filled with nano zirconium dioxide crystals;

[0010] Step S4: mixing the waste cathode material powder and the chlorogenic acid-mannan modified collagen fibers filled with nano zirconium dioxide crystals, dispersing the mixture in a silver nitrate solution for silver plating to obtain a plated product;

[0011] Step S5: mixing the plated product with a binder, and thermoforming the mixture into a sheet to reconstruct the positive electrode sheet of the battery.

[0012] Preferably, in step S1, the first solvent is any one or more of water, ethanol, and dimethyl sulfoxide.

[0013] Preferably, in step S1, the acid solution is any one or more of dilute sulfuric acid and dilute hydrochloric acid.

[0014] Preferably, in step S1, the initiator is any one or more of ammonium persulfate, azobisisobutyronitrile, and dimethyl azobisisobutyrate.

[0015] Preferably, in step S1, the reaction temperature is 60-80° C., and the reaction time is 4-6 hours.

[0016] Preferably, in step S1, the mass ratio of the mannan, chlorogenic acid, initiator, acid solution, and first solvent is 1:(1.6-2.6):(0.013-0.108):(0.05-0.1):(3-4).

[0017] Preferably, in step S2, the second solvent is an ionic liquid, including any one or more of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ionic liquid, 1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ionic liquid, and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ionic liquid.

[0018] Preferably, in step S2, the concentration of glutaraldehyde is 3 to 5 mol / L, and the amount added is 2 to 5 mL.

[0019] Preferably, in step S2, the reaction temperature is 40-50° C. and the reaction time is 6-8 h.

[0020] Preferably, in step S2, the mass ratio of the collagen fibers, chlorogenic acid-mannan, and the second solvent is 1:(0.25-0.43):(2-3).

[0021] Preferably, in step S3, the first stirring time is 3 to 4 hours.

[0022] Preferably, in step S3, the second stirring time is 5 to 6 hours, and the second stirring temperature is 40 to 50°C.

[0023] Preferably, in step S3, the acid solution is any one or more of dilute sulfuric acid and dilute hydrochloric acid.

[0024] Preferably, in step S3, the mass ratio of the chlorogenic acid-mannan modified collagen fiber powder, saturated sodium chloride solution, acid solution, and nano-zirconium dioxide is 1:(5-10):(0.05-0.1):(0.05-0.1).

[0025] Preferably, in step S4, the concentration of the silver nitrate ethanol solution is 1-2 mol / L, and the amount used is 30-40 mL.

[0026] Preferably, in step S4, the silver plating process is: mixing the waste positive electrode material powder and the chlorogenic acid-mannan modified collagen fiber filled with nano zirconium dioxide crystals, dispersing them in a silver nitrate solution, stirring at room temperature for 1 to 2 hours, adding 10 to 15 g of ascorbic acid, continuing to stir for 30 to 60 minutes, filtering, washing with ethanol, and vacuum calcining at 200 to 300 ° C for 3 to 5 hours.

[0027] Preferably, in step S5, the binder is any one or more of polyvinyl alcohol, polytetrafluoroethylene, and polyvinylidene fluoride; and the mass ratio of the coating product powder to the binder is 1:(0.075-0.25).

[0028] Preferably, in step S5, the thermoforming process is as follows: coating the coating product mixed with the adhesive on the aluminum foil of the positive electrode material, drying at 50-60°C, heating at 130-180°C and 500-800 kg / cm 2 Under the following conditions, hot roller pressing is performed for 200 to 300 seconds and drying is performed for 20 to 24 hours.

[0029] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are embodied in:

[0030] (1) In order to reduce the volume expansion and contraction of the battery positive electrode during the cycle and the risk of thermal runaway, increase the battery life, prevent the battery from overcharging and over-discharging, and improve the battery safety, the present invention uses biomacromolecules as templates to synthesize nanomaterials, nanocrystal filling, and restore and improve the structure and performance of the positive electrode material. The present invention uses chlorogenic acid-mannan modified collagen fiber bio-template to mediate the positive electrode material structure of waste lithium batteries, forming a three-dimensional network skeleton, and reconstructing and optimizing the positive electrode material structure of waste lithium batteries. The glycosidic bond of mannan can form a complex flexible network structure. The phenolic hydroxyl or carboxyl group in chlorogenic acid can be cross-linked with the active groups on the polysaccharide chain through esterification, etherification, etc., strengthening the cross-linked network while improving its rigidity, forming a new polymer with both elasticity and strength. Collagen fiber, as the core of the skeleton, needs to provide better tensile strength and elongation at break. Chlorogenic acid-mannan can increase the cross-linking density of collagen fiber, thereby improving its tensile strength and elongation at break, which is conducive to playing a supporting role. Monoclinic nano-zirconium dioxide is filled into the gaps of the three-dimensional network structure, which can optimize the distribution density, reduce its internal stress, and enhance the compressive resistance of the network structure, thereby improving the stability and toughness of the overall structure, improving the conductivity of the three-dimensional network structure, and enhancing the interaction between the positive electrode material and the electrolyte of the lithium-ion battery.

[0031] (2) The present invention uses nanosilver coating technology to coat the electrode material. The high nickel content in lithium batteries faces many technical challenges, such as large capacity loss during cycling, thermal structural instability, safety issues, and unstable surface chemical properties. These technical problems are attributed to several mechanisms: ① The radius of nickel ions and lithium ions is similar, and nickel ions irreversibly migrate to lithium sites, resulting in cation mixing, which ultimately transforms the layered structure of the electrode into a spinel and rock salt structure; ② The residual lithium on the surface of the material reacts with water and carbon dioxide in the air to form a Li2CO3 / LiOH passivation layer, resulting in failure of the layered nickel-rich positive electrode reaction interface; ③ The tetravalent nickel ions, oxygen vacancies, and newly generated active oxygen species on the surface of the nickel-rich material promote surface side reactions to generate strong oxidizing species, which lead to transition metal dissolution during cycling, increased interface resistance, and ultimately capacity decay. The surface coating can effectively remove residual lithium, prevent surface side reactions, stabilize the surface structure and bulk structure, and the coating also acts as an isolation layer to avoid direct contact between the electrolyte and the cathode. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0032] Figure 1 This is an operational flow chart of the method for structural reconstruction of spent lithium-ion battery cathode materials assisted by multidimensional molecular engineering. Figure 2 The first cycle charge and discharge curve of a battery assembled by repairing electrodes using a multi-dimensional molecular engineering-assisted method to reconstruct the structure of waste lithium-ion battery positive electrode materials at a rate of 0.2C and a voltage range of 2.7 to 4.3V. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] The following examples are only used to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0034] Unless otherwise specified, the reagents and equipment involved in the following examples were purchased from commercial channels.

[0035] Example 1

[0036] like Figure 1 As shown, the multi-dimensional molecular engineering-assisted method for structural reconstruction of waste lithium-ion battery cathode materials includes:

[0037] Step S1: dissolve 16 g of chlorogenic acid and 10 g of mannan in 30 g of water, add 0.5 g of dilute sulfuric acid and 1 g of ammonium persulfate, and react at 60° C. for 6 h to obtain chlorogenic acid-mannan.

[0038] Step S2: 2.5 g of chlorogenic acid-mannan and 10 g of collagen fibers were dissolved in 20 g of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ionic liquid, 2 mL of 5 mol / L glutaraldehyde was added, and the mixture was reacted at 40° C. for 8 h to obtain chlorogenic acid-mannan modified collagen fibers.

[0039] Step S3: Disperse 10 g of chlorogenic acid-mannan modified collagen fibers in 50 g of saturated sodium chloride solution, add 0.5 g of dilute sulfuric acid and stir for 3 h, add 0.55 g of nano zirconium dioxide and stir at 40° C. for 6 h to obtain chlorogenic acid-mannan modified collagen fibers filled with nano zirconium dioxide crystals.

[0040] Step S4: Mix the waste positive electrode material powder and the chlorogenic acid-mannan modified collagen fibers filled with nano-zirconium dioxide crystals, disperse them in 40 mL of a 1 mol / L silver nitrate solution, stir at room temperature for 1 hour, add 15 g of ascorbic acid, continue stirring for 30 minutes, filter, wash the solid with ethanol, and calcined in vacuum at 200° C. for 5 hours to obtain a coating product.

[0041] Step S5: 10g of the plated product was mixed with 0.75g of polyvinyl alcohol and coated on the aluminum foil of the positive electrode material at 130°C and 500kg / cm 2 Under the conditions of hot roller pressing for 300s, drying at 50℃ for 24h, thermoforming into sheet, and reconstructing battery positive electrode sheet.

[0042] Example 2

[0043] like Figure 1 As shown, the multi-dimensional molecular engineering-assisted method for structural reconstruction of waste lithium-ion battery cathode materials includes:

[0044] Step S1: dissolve 20 g of chlorogenic acid and 10 g of mannan in 25 g of ethanol, add 0.75 g of dilute hydrochloric acid and 0.5 g of azobisisobutyronitrile, and react at 70° C. for 5 h to obtain chlorogenic acid-mannan.

[0045] Step S2: 3.5 g of chlorogenic acid-mannan and 10 g of collagen fibers were dissolved in 25 g of 1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ionic liquid, 3 mL of 4 mol / L glutaraldehyde was added, and the mixture was reacted at 50° C. for 7 h to obtain chlorogenic acid-mannan modified collagen fibers.

[0046] Step S3: Disperse 10 g of chlorogenic acid-mannan modified collagen fibers in 75 g of saturated sodium chloride solution, add 0.75 g of dilute hydrochloric acid and stir for 4 h, add 0.75 g of nano zirconium dioxide and stir at 50° C. for 5 h to obtain chlorogenic acid-mannan modified collagen fibers filled with nano zirconium dioxide crystals.

[0047] Step S4: Mix the waste positive electrode material powder and the chlorogenic acid-mannan modified collagen fibers filled with nano-zirconium dioxide crystals, disperse them in 35 mL of a 1.5 mol / L silver nitrate solution, stir at room temperature for 2 h, add 15 g of ascorbic acid, continue stirring for 45 min, filter, wash the solid with ethanol, and calcined in vacuum at 250° C. for 4 h to obtain a coating product.

[0048] Step S5: 10g of the coating product was mixed with 1g of polytetrafluoroethylene and coated on the aluminum foil of the positive electrode material at 150°C and 600kg / cm 2 Under the conditions of hot roller pressing for 200s, drying at 60℃ for 22h, thermoforming into sheet, and reconstructing battery positive electrode sheet.

[0049] Example 3

[0050] like Figure 1 As shown, the multi-dimensional molecular engineering-assisted method for structural reconstruction of waste lithium-ion battery cathode materials includes:

[0051] Step S1: dissolve 26 g of chlorogenic acid and 10 g of mannan in 30 g of dimethyl sulfoxide, add 1 g of dilute hydrochloric acid and 0.13 g of dimethyl azobisisobutyrate, and react at 80° C. for 4 h to obtain chlorogenic acid-mannan.

[0052] Step S2: 4.3 g of chlorogenic acid-mannan and 10 g of collagen fibers were dissolved in 30 g of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ionic liquid, 5 mL of 3 mol / L glutaraldehyde was added, and the mixture was reacted at 40° C. for 6 h to obtain chlorogenic acid-mannan modified collagen fibers.

[0053] Step S3: Disperse 10 g of chlorogenic acid-mannan modified collagen fibers in 100 g of saturated sodium chloride solution, add 1 g of dilute sulfuric acid and stir for 4 h, add 1 g of nano zirconium dioxide and stir at 40° C. for 5 h to obtain chlorogenic acid-mannan modified collagen fibers filled with nano zirconium dioxide crystals.

[0054] Step S4: Mix the waste positive electrode material powder and the chlorogenic acid-mannan modified collagen fibers filled with nano-zirconium dioxide crystals, disperse them in 30 mL of a 2 mol / L silver nitrate solution, stir at room temperature for 2 h, add 16 g of ascorbic acid, continue stirring for 60 min, filter, wash the solid with ethanol, and calcined in vacuum at 300° C. for 3 h to obtain a coating product.

[0055] Step S5: 10g of the plated product was mixed with 2.5g of polyvinylidene fluoride and coated on the aluminum foil of the positive electrode material at 180°C and 800kg / cm 2 Under the conditions of hot roller pressing for 200s, drying at 60℃ for 20h, thermoforming into sheet, and reconstructing battery positive electrode sheet.

[0056] Comparative Example 1

[0057] The method for structural reconstruction of waste lithium-ion battery positive electrode materials assisted by multidimensional molecular engineering is different from Example 2 in that step (4) uses mannan-modified collagen fibers.

[0058] Comparative Example 2

[0059] The method for structural reconstruction of waste lithium-ion battery positive electrode materials assisted by multidimensional molecular engineering is different from Example 2 in that step (4) uses chlorogenic acid to modify collagen fibers.

[0060] Comparative Example 3

[0061] The method for structural reconstruction of waste lithium-ion battery positive electrode materials assisted by multidimensional molecular engineering is different from Example 2 in that nano zirconium dioxide is not added in step (5).

[0062] Comparative Example 4

[0063] The method for structural reconstruction of waste lithium-ion battery positive electrode materials assisted by multidimensional molecular engineering is different from Example 2 in that step (6) does not involve plating.

[0064] Performance testing:

[0065] (1) The electrodes prepared in Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 to 4 were tested for their initial discharge specific capacity and initial charge-discharge capacity ratio according to the conditions and methods specified in GB / T 23365-2023.

[0066] (2) The electrodes prepared in Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 to 4 were tested for their initial coulombic efficiency and 200-cycle retention rate according to the conditions and methods specified in GB / T 37207-2018.

[0067] (3) The DC internal resistance of the electrodes prepared in Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 to 4 was tested according to the conditions and methods specified in YS / T 1615-2023.

[0068] like Figure 2 As shown, Figure 2 The first cycle charge and discharge curves of Example 2 and Comparative Examples 1 to 4 are shown, with a current density of 0.2C. The coulombic efficiency is calculated based on the charge and discharge data. As can be seen from the figure, the electrode restored in Example 2 has the lowest charge curve, the highest discharge curve, and the highest charge and discharge specific capacity. The first cycle discharge specific capacity of the electrodes restored in Example 2 and Comparative Examples 1 to 4 is 192.29 mAh g -1 、177.72mAh g -1 、184.34mAh g -1 、176.19mAh g -1 、176.65mAh g -1 The coulombic efficiencies were 96.15%, 91.14%, 95.51%, 92.24%, and 90.20%, respectively. The test results show that the electrode capacity restored by Comparative Example 3 is the lowest due to its imperfect crystal structure. The coulombic efficiency of the electrode restored by Comparative Example 4 is also low. The electrode restored by Example 2 exhibits the best electrochemical performance. Therefore, the method for restoring electrode activity in Example 2 is the best.

[0069] Table 2 Electrical performance parameters of batteries assembled with different cathode materials

[0070]

[0071] As shown in Table 2, the performance of the positive electrode materials restored in Examples 1 to 3 is better than that in Comparative Examples 1 to 4. The main reason is that in the methods of Examples 1 to 3, a biological template is used to mediate the electrode material, and nano zirconium dioxide crystals are filled in the three-dimensional pore structure to improve the integrity of its structure. At the same time, the nano silver coating effectively prevents the side reactions of the electrode during charging and discharging, thereby extending the service life and safety performance of the electrode.

[0072] Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2, chlorogenic acid-modified collagen fibers and mannan-modified collagen fibers, have significantly worse effects than the examples, and the recovery effect of Comparative Example 1 is worse than that of Comparative Example 2. The main reason is that the cross-linking density of the collagen fibers modified by chlorogenic acid alone is low, and the skeleton structure is relatively loose, which affects the size and morphology of the pore structure, thereby causing uneven distribution of nanocrystals and a decrease in the overall performance of the electrode. Comparative Example 3 is not filled with nanocrystals, and the void structure of the material is not effectively filled and occupies additional volume, which cannot fully utilize the high energy density advantage brought by the nanostructure. The interface impedance between the electrode and the electrolyte increases, resulting in increased ion transfer resistance, which leads to faster capacity decay. Comparative Example 4 does not use nanosilver plating. During the charge and discharge process of the electrode, some uncontrollable side reactions will occur on the electrode surface, resulting in electrode passivation, dissolution of transition metals in the electrode, and structural changes, thereby affecting the use of the battery and shortening the battery life. There are safety hazards in long-term use.

[0073] In summary, the use of biological templates to mediate electrodes to establish a three-dimensional skeleton, fill nanocrystals, and use coating technology to protect the electrodes can recycle waste lithium batteries and effectively rebuild the structure of waste positive electrode materials, restore their performance, and be green, environmentally friendly, and save energy and reduce emissions.

[0074] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the technical principles of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for structural reconstruction of waste lithium-ion battery cathode materials assisted by multidimensional molecular engineering, characterized in that: include: Step S1, dissolving chlorogenic acid and mannan in a first solvent, adding an acid solution and an initiator, and reacting to obtain chlorogenic acid-mannan; Step S2, dissolving chlorogenic acid-mannan and collagen fibers in a second solvent, adding glutaraldehyde, and reacting to obtain chlorogenic acid-mannan modified collagen fibers; Step S3, dispersing the chlorogenic acid-mannan modified collagen fibers in a saturated sodium chloride solution, adding an acid solution and stirring for the first time, adding nano zirconium dioxide, and stirring for the second time to obtain chlorogenic acid-mannan modified collagen fibers filled with nano zirconium dioxide crystals; Step S4: mixing the waste lithium-ion battery cathode material powder and the chlorogenic acid-mannan modified collagen fibers filled with nano zirconium dioxide crystals, dispersing the mixture in a silver nitrate solution for silver plating to obtain a plated product; Step S5: mixing the plated product with a binder, and thermoforming the mixture into a sheet to reconstruct the positive electrode sheet of the battery.

2. The multidimensional molecular engineering-assisted method for structural reconstruction of waste lithium-ion battery cathode materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, the first solvent is any one or more of water, ethanol, and dimethyl sulfoxide; the acid solution is any one or more of dilute sulfuric acid and dilute hydrochloric acid; and the initiator is any one or more of ammonium persulfate, azobisisobutyronitrile, and dimethyl azobisisobutyrate.

3. The multidimensional molecular engineering-assisted method for structural reconstruction of waste lithium-ion battery cathode materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, the reaction temperature is 60-80° C., and the reaction time is 4-6 h; the mass ratio of the mannan, chlorogenic acid, initiator, acid solution, and first solvent is 1:(1.6-2.6):(0.013-0.108):(0.05-0.1):(3-4).

4. The multidimensional molecular engineering-assisted method for structural reconstruction of waste lithium-ion battery cathode materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, the second solvent is an ionic liquid, including any one or more of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ionic liquid, 1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ionic liquid, and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ionic liquid.

5. The multi-dimensional molecular engineering-assisted method for structural reconstruction of waste lithium-ion battery cathode materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, the concentration of glutaraldehyde is 3 to 5 mol / L, and the amount added is 2 to 5 mL; the reaction temperature is 40 to 50° C., and the reaction time is 6 to 8 h; the mass ratio of the collagen fibers, chlorogenic acid-mannan, and the second solvent is 1:(0.25 to 0.43):(2 to 3).

6. The multi-dimensional molecular engineering-assisted method for structural reconstruction of waste lithium-ion battery cathode materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, the first stirring time is 3 to 4 hours; the second stirring time is 5 to 6 hours, and the second stirring temperature is 40 to 50°C; the acid solution is any one or more of dilute sulfuric acid and dilute hydrochloric acid; the mass ratio of the chlorogenic acid-mannan modified collagen fiber powder, saturated sodium chloride solution, acid solution, and nano-zirconium dioxide is 1:(5 to 10):(0.05 to 0.1):(0.05 to 0.1).

7. The multidimensional molecular engineering-assisted method for structural reconstruction of waste lithium-ion battery cathode materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S4, the concentration of the silver nitrate ethanol solution is 1-2 mol / L, and the amount used is 30-40 mL.

8. The multi-dimensional molecular engineering-assisted method for structural reconstruction of waste lithium-ion battery cathode materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S4, the silver plating process is as follows: mixing the waste positive electrode material powder and the chlorogenic acid-mannan modified collagen fibers filled with nano zirconium dioxide crystals, dispersing them in a silver nitrate solution, stirring at room temperature for 1 to 2 hours, adding 10 to 15 g of ascorbic acid, continuing to stir for 30 to 60 minutes, filtering, washing with ethanol, and vacuum calcining at 200 to 300° C. for 3 to 5 hours.

9. The multidimensional molecular engineering-assisted method for structural reconstruction of waste lithium-ion battery cathode materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S5, the binder is any one or more of polyvinyl alcohol, polytetrafluoroethylene, and polyvinylidene fluoride; and the mass ratio of the coating product to the binder is 1: (0.075～0.25)。 10. The multi-dimensional molecular engineering-assisted method for structural reconstruction of waste lithium-ion battery cathode materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S5, the thermoforming process is as follows: coating the coating product mixed with the adhesive on the aluminum foil of the positive electrode material, drying at 50-60°C, heating at 130-180°C and 500-800 kg / cm 2 Under the following conditions, hot roller pressing is performed for 200 to 300 seconds and drying is performed for 20 to 24 hours.

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