Method, system, device, processor and storage medium for realizing mobile communication base station differentiation and precise positioning based on low-altitude platform

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method for distinguishing and accurately locating mobile communication base stations based on a low-altitude platform, comprising the following steps: decoding the base station SSB pilot channel, decoding the third-layer and second-layer information of the SSB channel, and calculating the distance of the base station relative to the current drone; the drone automatically moves its position to expand the test coverage; the drone spins at a low angular velocity to collect the level value of the base station downlink channel, flies a specified distance in the direction of the base station signal source, repeats the spin direction finding, and gradually approaches the base station position; and records the video and archives it. The method, system, device, processor, and computer-readable storage medium for distinguishing and accurately locating mobile communication base stations based on a low-altitude platform of the present invention are adopted. By using a drone low-altitude platform, combining base station broadcast signal decoding and rough selection with precise direction finding and positioning in the air, the test accuracy is improved, and information collection, precise positioning, and recording of mobile communication base stations in urban areas are achieved, providing assistance for monitoring and management of radio spectrum.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of radio spectrum, in particular to the field of radio management, and specifically refers to a method, system, device, processor and computer-readable storage medium thereof for realizing the differentiation and precise positioning of mobile communication base stations based on a low-altitude platform. Background Art

[0002] A mobile communication base station is a form of radio station, which refers to a radio transceiver station that transmits information between mobile phone terminals through a mobile communication exchange center within a certain radio coverage area.

[0003] Base stations are typically densely deployed in urban areas to meet the call and data needs of densely populated areas. Base stations often use a three-sector approach to achieve coverage. Each sector encompasses 120°, centered around the base station location, and utilizes directional antennas to transmit and receive mobile communication signals. Base stations in different locations that utilize the same technology and the same operator typically use the same radio frequency band, making them difficult to distinguish and locate using traditional spectrum monitoring methods.

[0004] Existing radio signal source positioning methods are mainly divided into RSSI (Received Signal Strength Indication) signal strength positioning, AOA (Angle of Arrival) received signal angle positioning, and TOA (Time of Arrival) arrival time positioning.

[0005] RSSI positioning primarily exploits two characteristics of radio signals: signal strength attenuation with distance and the spherical diffusion of wireless signals in the absence of obstacles. Signal strength attenuation with distance generally means that the received signal strength decreases as the receiver moves farther away from the transmitter. If the signal strength of several transmitters near your current location can be measured, the current location can be inferred based on the degree of signal attenuation. Taking advantage of the spherical diffusion characteristic of radio signals in the absence of obstacles, the current location can be calculated by solving an equation based on the signal strength of several transmitters near your current location. However, RSSI positioning is primarily applicable in relatively ideal environments, where the signal propagates in a straight line without any objects blocking or deflecting the signal. This method can be combined with angle-of-arrival positioning by using directional antennas to determine the direction of the signal power source.

[0006] TOA positioning measures the distance between the target location and the receiver by multiplying the signal's airborne speed by the flight time. Similar to RSSI positioning, TOA positioning requires receiving signals from the same source at at least three locations to complete positioning. In theory, TOA positioning differs from RSSI positioning in that it only measures distance. This method also achieves high accuracy only in relatively ideal environments, where there are no objects in the space to block or deflect the signal.

[0007] The core principle of AOA positioning is to measure the angle of incidence of the radio signal reaching the receiving device. This is usually achieved by installing multiple antenna arrays at the receiving device. When the signal is emitted from the signal source and received simultaneously by the multiple antennas of the receiver, a phase difference will occur due to the different lengths of the signal path reaching each antenna. By measuring these phase differences, the angle of arrival of the signal can be calculated. However, because AOA positioning requires an antenna array, it usually requires the use of larger test equipment or systems, which has disadvantages in terms of concealment, ease of use, and quick deployment. At the same time, although AOA positioning can theoretically provide higher positioning accuracy, and compared with other methods, AOA is better adapted to multipath effects and non-line-of-sight conditions, the positioning accuracy of this positioning method is highly affected by reflections and obstacles in the environment, and angle calculation and position determination require more complex algorithms.

[0008] From the above description, we can see that the accuracy of current positioning methods is highly affected by environmental reflections and obstacles. In urban areas with densely populated buildings, the signals transmitted by mobile communication base stations undergo multiple reflections before reaching the ground receiving point, making it difficult to accurately locate the base station based on these signals. Summary of the Invention

[0009] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the above-mentioned prior art and provide a method, system, device, processor and computer-readable storage medium thereof for distinguishing and accurately locating mobile communication base stations based on a low-altitude platform, which has low interference, high test accuracy and a wide range of applications.

[0010] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a method, system, device, processor, and computer-readable storage medium for distinguishing and accurately locating mobile communication base stations based on a low-altitude platform as follows:

[0011] The method for realizing the distinction and precise positioning of mobile communication base stations based on a low-altitude platform is characterized in that the method comprises the following steps:

[0012] (1) Set the test area and test altitude, automatically plan the route, and the drone takes off;

[0013] (2) Scan the base station SSB pilot channel according to the specified frequency, decode the base station SSB pilot channel, decode the third layer information and second layer information of the SSB channel, obtain the cell global identifier and the corresponding base station signal reception quality, and calculate the distance between the base station and the current drone;

[0014] (3) The drone automatically moves to expand the test coverage and continues with step (2);

[0015] (4) The drone remote controller or drone nest controls the drone body to spin at a low angular velocity, collects the downlink channel level value of the base station, flies a specified distance in the direction of the base station signal source, repeats the spin direction finding, and gradually approaches the base station location;

[0016] (5) Repeat step (4) to complete the precise positioning task of all base stations in the surrounding base station list. The drone uses its own gimbal and camera system to record and archive the base station antenna feed system and surrounding areas;

[0017] (6) When the drone returns, the data will be automatically sorted and output.

[0018] Preferably, the step (2) specifically includes the following steps:

[0019] (2.1) After reaching the designated altitude, the mobile communication base station decoding device onboard the drone scans the relevant frequency bands and determines whether the base station SSB pilot channel exists based on the designated frequency point scan. If so, the base station SSB pilot channel is decoded and the process continues with step (2.2). If not, there is no mobile communication signal coverage in this airspace and the process ends.

[0020] (2.2) Synchronously perform SSB channel layer 3 information decoding and SSB channel layer 2 information decoding.

[0021] Preferably, the synchronous execution of SSB channel layer 3 information decoding in step (2.2) specifically includes the following steps:

[0022] (1-2.2) Decode the SSB channel layer 3 information to obtain the public land mobile network ID and the corresponding cell ID, and then obtain the cell global ID.

[0023] (1-2.3) Use the cell global identifier as the unique identifier of the base station to which the test data belongs, and list the identity information of surrounding base stations;

[0024] The step (2.2) of synchronously performing the second layer information decoding of the SSB channel specifically includes the following steps:

[0025] (2-2.2) Decode the second layer information of the SSB channel to obtain the signal reception quality of the SSB pilot channel;

[0026] (2-2.3) Calculate the distances of surrounding base stations relative to the current drone based on the radio signal propagation model and the operator’s base station transmission power.

[0027] Preferably, the step (4) specifically includes the following steps:

[0028] (4.1) The drone’s nest or remote controller controls the drone to spin at a low angular velocity through the original manufacturer’s protocol and collects the base station downlink channel level value;

[0029] (4.2) During the drone's spin calibration, the frequency band used by the base station being measured is marked, and the direction with the highest signal strength is marked as the base station signal source direction;

[0030] (4.3) The drone flies a specified distance in the direction of the base station signal source and repeats step (4.1), gradually approaching the base station location until it is within 100 meters of the base station.

[0031] Preferably, the step (5) specifically includes the following steps:

[0032] (5.1) Repeat step (4) to complete the precise positioning task of all base stations in the surrounding base station list;

[0033] (5.2) After arriving near each base station, the drone will use its built-in gimbal and camera system to record and archive the base station antenna feed system and surrounding areas.

[0034] The system for distinguishing and accurately locating mobile communication base stations based on a low-altitude platform has the following main features: the system includes a drone launch monitoring and direction-finding device, a drone remote controller or a drone nest, and a control terminal; the drone launch monitoring and direction-finding device includes a drone body, a monitoring and direction-finding module, a monitoring antenna, and a direction-finding antenna; the monitoring and direction-finding module is installed on the drone body; the monitoring antenna and the direction-finding antenna are both connected to the monitoring and direction-finding module; the drone remote controller or the drone nest is connected to the drone launch monitoring and direction-finding device via a drone control protocol; and the drone remote controller or the drone nest is connected to the control terminal via a cloud service.

[0035] Preferably, the drone remote control or drone nest includes an embedded control system, a drone correction system, a drone lifting platform, a small meteorological system, a video image transmission system and a drone control system. The output end of the embedded control system is respectively connected to the drone correction system, the small meteorological system and the video image transmission system. The output end of the drone correction system is connected to the drone lifting platform and the drone control system. The output end of the small meteorological system is connected to the drone lifting platform. The output ends of the video image transmission system and the drone control system are both connected to the drone launch monitoring and direction finding equipment.

[0036] The device for distinguishing and accurately locating mobile communication base stations based on a low-altitude platform has the following main features:

[0037] a processor configured to execute computer-executable instructions;

[0038] The memory stores one or more computer-executable instructions. When the computer-executable instructions are executed by the processor, the various steps of the method for distinguishing and accurately locating mobile communication base stations based on a low-altitude platform are implemented.

[0039] The main feature of the processor for distinguishing and accurately locating mobile communication base stations based on a low-altitude platform is that the processor is configured to execute computer-executable instructions. When the computer-executable instructions are executed by the processor, the various steps of the above-mentioned method for distinguishing and accurately locating mobile communication base stations based on a low-altitude platform are implemented.

[0040] The main feature of this computer-readable storage medium is that a computer program is stored thereon, and the computer program can be executed by a processor to implement the various steps of the above-mentioned method for distinguishing and accurately locating mobile communication base stations based on a low-altitude platform.

[0041] The present invention employs a method, system, device, processor, and computer-readable storage medium for distinguishing and accurately locating mobile communication base stations using a low-altitude platform. Using a low-altitude unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), the system comprehensively monitors the signal coverage and quality of mobile communication networks in low-altitude areas, distinguishes and locates base stations, and collects data such as photos and videos for archiving. This system can effectively assist mobile operators, research institutes, and other typical users in researching and evaluating the quality of low-altitude communication services. This system was developed to address the difficulty of existing mobile communication base station positioning methods, where positioning accuracy is significantly affected by environmental reflections and obstacles. This makes it difficult to accurately locate base stations based on multiple reflections of the main lobe signal transmitted by mobile communication base stations in urban areas with dense high-rise buildings. This system utilizes a UAV low-altitude platform, combining coarse decoding of base station broadcast signals with precise aerial direction finding and positioning. This system addresses the difficulty of distinguishing co-frequency base stations at the spectrum level, hindering accurate counting of base stations within an area. It also maximizes test accuracy, enabling information collection, precise positioning, and video recording of mobile communication base stations within urban areas, significantly enhancing radio spectrum monitoring and management. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0042] Figure 1 It is a structural diagram of the system for realizing the differentiation and precise positioning of mobile communication base stations based on a low-altitude platform of the present invention.

[0043] Figure 2This is a workflow diagram of a drone scanning surrounding base stations and calculating distances in the method of realizing mobile communication base station differentiation and precise positioning based on a low-altitude platform of the present invention.

[0044] Figure 3 The figure is a schematic diagram of the low-altitude direction finding of an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) based on a low-altitude platform to achieve the distinction and precise positioning of mobile communication base stations according to the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0045] In order to more clearly describe the technical content of the present invention, further description is given below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0046] The method of the present invention for realizing the distinction and precise positioning of mobile communication base stations based on a low-altitude platform includes the following steps:

[0047] (1) Set the test area and test altitude, automatically plan the route, and the drone takes off;

[0048] (2) Scan the base station SSB pilot channel according to the specified frequency, decode the base station SSB pilot channel, decode the third layer information and second layer information of the SSB channel, obtain the cell global identifier and the corresponding base station signal reception quality, and calculate the distance between the base station and the current drone;

[0049] (3) The drone automatically moves to expand the test coverage and continues with step (2);

[0050] (4) The drone remote controller or drone nest controls the drone body to spin at a low angular velocity, collects the downlink channel level value of the base station, flies a specified distance in the direction of the base station signal source, repeats the spin direction finding, and gradually approaches the base station location;

[0051] (5) Repeat step (4) to complete the precise positioning task of all base stations in the surrounding base station list. The drone uses its own gimbal and camera system to record and archive the base station antenna feed system and surrounding areas;

[0052] (6) When the drone returns, the data will be automatically sorted and output.

[0053] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the step (2) specifically includes the following steps:

[0054] (2.1) After reaching the designated altitude, the mobile communication base station decoding device onboard the drone scans the relevant frequency bands and determines whether the base station SSB pilot channel exists based on the designated frequency point scan. If so, the base station SSB pilot channel is decoded and the process continues with step (2.2). If not, there is no mobile communication signal coverage in this airspace and the process ends.

[0055] (2.2) Synchronously perform SSB channel layer 3 information decoding and SSB channel layer 2 information decoding.

[0056] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the synchronous execution of the SSB channel layer 3 information decoding in step (2.2) specifically includes the following steps:

[0057] (1-2.2) Decode the SSB channel layer 3 information to obtain the public land mobile network ID and the corresponding cell ID, and then obtain the cell global ID.

[0058] (1-2.3) Use the cell global identifier as the unique identifier of the base station to which the test data belongs, and list the identity information of surrounding base stations;

[0059] The step (2.2) of synchronously performing the second layer information decoding of the SSB channel specifically includes the following steps:

[0060] (2-2.2) Decode the second layer information of the SSB channel to obtain the signal reception quality of the SSB pilot channel;

[0061] (2-2.3) Calculate the distances of surrounding base stations relative to the current drone based on the radio signal propagation model and the operator’s base station transmission power.

[0062] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the step (4) specifically includes the following steps:

[0063] (4.1) The drone’s nest or remote controller controls the drone to spin at a low angular velocity through the original manufacturer’s protocol and collects the base station downlink channel level value;

[0064] (4.2) During the drone's spin calibration, the frequency band used by the base station being measured is marked, and the direction with the highest signal strength is marked as the base station signal source direction;

[0065] (4.3) The drone flies a specified distance in the direction of the base station signal source and repeats step (4.1), gradually approaching the base station location until it is within 100 meters of the base station.

[0066] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the step (5) specifically includes the following steps:

[0067] (5.1) Repeat step (4) to complete the precise positioning task of all base stations in the surrounding base station list;

[0068] (5.2) After arriving near each base station, the drone will use its built-in gimbal and camera system to record and archive the base station antenna feed system and surrounding areas.

[0069] The present invention discloses a system for distinguishing and accurately locating mobile communication base stations based on a low-altitude platform, wherein the system includes a drone lift-off monitoring and direction-finding device, a drone remote controller or a drone nest, and a control terminal. The drone lift-off monitoring and direction-finding device includes a drone body, a monitoring and direction-finding module, a monitoring antenna, and a direction-finding antenna. The monitoring and direction-finding module is installed on the drone body. The monitoring antenna and the direction-finding antenna are both connected to the monitoring and direction-finding module. The drone remote controller or the drone nest is connected to the drone lift-off monitoring and direction-finding device via a drone control protocol. The drone remote controller or the drone nest is connected to the control terminal via a cloud service.

[0070] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the drone remote control or drone nest includes an embedded control system, a drone correction system, a drone lifting platform, a small meteorological system, a video image transmission system and a drone control system. The output end of the embedded control system is respectively connected to the drone correction system, the small meteorological system and the video image transmission system, the output end of the drone correction system is connected to the drone lifting platform and the drone control system, the output end of the small meteorological system is connected to the drone lifting platform, and the output ends of the video image transmission system and the drone control system are both connected to the drone launch monitoring and direction finding equipment.

[0071] The main features of the device for distinguishing and accurately locating mobile communication base stations based on a low-altitude platform of the present invention are that the device comprises:

[0072] a processor configured to execute computer-executable instructions;

[0073] The memory stores one or more computer-executable instructions. When the computer-executable instructions are executed by the processor, the various steps of the method for distinguishing and accurately locating mobile communication base stations based on a low-altitude platform are implemented.

[0074] The processor of the present invention is used to realize the differentiation and precise positioning of mobile communication base stations based on a low-altitude platform, wherein the processor is configured to execute computer-executable instructions. When the computer-executable instructions are executed by the processor, the various steps of the above-mentioned method for realizing the differentiation and precise positioning of mobile communication base stations based on a low-altitude platform are realized.

[0075] The computer-readable storage medium of the present invention stores a computer program thereon, and the computer program can be executed by a processor to implement the various steps of the above-mentioned method for distinguishing and accurately locating mobile communication base stations based on a low-altitude platform.

[0076] The radio spectrum is a limited, reusable natural resource, and also a valuable strategic resource. Radio monitoring stations, established by radio management departments, are technical facilities that enable the collection, storage, and analysis of radio spectrum data, and are fundamental to radio management. This invention is applicable to the research, allocation, and management of radio spectrum resources.

[0077] Existing methods for locating mobile communication base stations in urban environments can only provide a rough estimate of site location. Furthermore, techniques based solely on spectrum monitoring can confuse multiple base stations using the same frequency (i.e., using the same technology and operating from the same operator). This invention primarily addresses the following issues:

[0078] 1. The accuracy of existing positioning methods is highly affected by reflections and obstacles in the environment. In urban areas with tall buildings, the signal transmitted by the mobile communication base station undergoes multiple reflections before reaching the ground receiving position, making it difficult to accurately locate the base station based on the received signal.

[0079] 2. Based solely on the spectrum level, it is difficult to distinguish base stations with the same frequency, and it is impossible to accurately count the number of base stations in the area.

[0080] In order to optimize the monitoring and positioning effects of mobile communication base stations and provide users with accurate data on the number and location of base stations in an area, it is necessary to propose a technical means that can solve the above problems and realize base station differentiation and precise positioning.

[0081] The present invention proposes a method for decoding and accurately locating a mobile communication base station based on a low-altitude platform. A highly mature civilian drone is used as the carrier platform, and a miniaturized radio direction-finding device based on RSSI positioning, a mobile communication base station decoding device, and an antenna are installed in the form of an external module. Furthermore, the drone has a pan / tilt and camera. The system structure diagram is shown below. Figure 1 shown.

[0082] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the working logic is as follows:

[0083] (1) The user sets the test area and test altitude, and the flight control system automatically plans the route and the drone takes off. The flight control system refers to the flight plan making system on the drone's operating interface, which can set takeoff and landing times, flight areas, etc. You can also use the flight trajectory setting function of the drone remote control to set the drone to fly along the trajectory drawn on the remote control.

[0084] (2) After taking off and reaching the specified altitude, the mobile communication base station decoding device carried by the drone first scans the relevant frequency band to see if there is a base station SSB (Synchronization Signal / PBCH) pilot channel. Based on the algorithm disclosed in the mobile communication technology white paper, the base station SSB pilot channel is decoded. By decoding the SSB channel L3 (Layer 3) information, the PLMN ID (Public Land Mobile Network ID) and the corresponding standard cell identifier (NR Cell Global Identifier NR cell identifier, EUTRA Cell Identifier LTE cell identifier or Cell Identifier cell identifier) ​​are obtained by piecing together the CGI (Cell Global Identity, abbreviated as CGI, which is the globally unique identifier of the base station in the mobile communication network). The CGI is used as the unique identifier of the base station to which the test data belongs, and the identity information of the surrounding base stations, such as the city area and operator, is listed. By decoding the SSB channel L2 (Layer 2) information, the SSB pilot channel's RSRQ (Reference Signal Receiving Quality) is obtained, indicating signal reception quality. This value is mainly used to sort base station sectors according to signal quality and as a reference for handover and cell reselection. Based on radio signal propagation models (such as the Okumura-Hata model, which is applicable to 900MHz macrocell predictions and the COST231-Hata model, which is applicable to 1800MHz macrocell predictions) and the operator's base station transmit power, the distance to the surrounding base stations relative to the operator is calculated. The workflow of this step is shown in [1]. Figure 2 .

[0085] (3) The drone automatically moves its position and repeats the second step, which can expand the test coverage and increase the test data samples, making the measured number of base stations and the calculated relative distance more accurate.

[0086] (4) The distance range calculated multiple times by the drone to a base station in the flying area is controlled by the drone remote controller or drone nest through the miniaturized radio direction-finding equipment and directional antenna (fixed pointing in the direction of the nose) mounted on the drone. The drone is controlled to spin at a low angular velocity and collect the downlink channel level value of the base station 360 degrees. The direction with the highest signal strength in the frequency band used by the tested base station during the spinning process is calibrated as the direction of the base station signal source. The drone flies in this direction for the distance specified by the user and repeats the above-mentioned spinning direction-finding operation, gradually approaching the base station location and finally flying to within 100m around the base station. The theoretical basis of this step is that the base station antenna is a directional antenna, which is mostly installed at the high point of the area in the urban area, and the main lobe is tilted horizontally downward to cover the ground. The drone's flight altitude is suitable for receiving the energy emitted by the first or second side lobe of the base station antenna, and the signal energy is direct air-to-air, which maximizes the test accuracy. See the schematic diagram. Figure 3 The drone's cradle or remote control controls the drone's spin using the manufacturer's protocol. The mounted small radio direction-finding device, monitoring antenna, and direction-finding antenna do not participate in this spin control process. They only obtain the drone's precise position and spin direction at different times through a wired connection to the drone, and then merge and record this data with the current monitoring and direction-finding data.

[0087] (5) Repeat step 4 to complete the precise positioning task of all base stations in the surrounding base station list. After arriving near each base station, use the drone's built-in gimbal and camera system to record the base station antenna feed system and the surrounding area, and archive it together with the current precise location of the drone.

[0088] (6) When the drone returns, the data is automatically sorted and output, and the user can view the list of surrounding base stations, the precise location of the base stations in the list, the base station antenna feed system, and the surrounding area video recordings.

[0089] The specific implementation scheme of this embodiment can be found in the relevant descriptions in the above embodiments and will not be repeated here.

[0090] It can be understood that the same or similar parts of the above embodiments can be referenced to each other, and the contents not described in detail in some embodiments can refer to the same or similar contents in other embodiments.

[0091] It should be noted that, in the description of the present invention, the terms "first", "second", etc. are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance. In addition, in the description of the present invention, unless otherwise specified, the meaning of "plurality" is at least two.

[0092] Any process or method description in a flowchart or otherwise described herein may be understood to represent a module, segment or portion of code comprising one or more executable instructions for implementing the steps of a specific logical function or process, and the scope of the preferred embodiments of the present invention includes alternative implementations in which functions may be performed out of the order shown or discussed, including performing functions in a substantially simultaneous manner or in the reverse order depending on the functions involved, which should be understood by those skilled in the art to which the embodiments of the present invention pertain.

[0093] It should be understood that various components of the present invention may be implemented using hardware, software, firmware, or a combination thereof. In the aforementioned embodiments, multiple steps or methods may be implemented using software or firmware stored in a memory and executed by a suitable instruction execution device. For example, if implemented using hardware, as in another embodiment, any one of the following technologies known in the art or a combination thereof may be used: a discrete logic circuit having logic gate circuits for implementing logic functions on data signals, an application-specific integrated circuit having suitable combinational logic gate circuits, a programmable gate array (PGA), a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), etc.

[0094] Those skilled in the art will understand that all or part of the steps in the method for implementing the above-mentioned embodiment can be completed by instructing related hardware through a program, and the corresponding program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. When the program is executed, it includes one of the steps of the method embodiment or a combination thereof.

[0095] Furthermore, the functional units in the various embodiments of the present invention may be integrated into a single processing module, each unit may exist physically separately, or two or more units may be integrated into a single module. The aforementioned integrated modules may be implemented in the form of hardware or software functional modules. If the integrated modules are implemented in the form of software functional modules and sold or used as independent products, they may also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium.

[0096] The storage medium mentioned above can be a read-only memory, a magnetic disk or an optical disk, etc.

[0097] Throughout this specification, reference to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "examples," "specific examples," or "some examples" means that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in conjunction with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.

[0098] The present invention employs a method, system, device, processor, and computer-readable storage medium for distinguishing and accurately locating mobile communication base stations using a low-altitude platform. Using a low-altitude unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), the system comprehensively monitors the signal coverage and quality of mobile communication networks in low-altitude areas, distinguishes and locates base stations, and collects data such as photos and videos for archiving. This system can effectively assist mobile operators, research institutes, and other typical users in researching and evaluating the quality of low-altitude communication services. This system was developed to address the difficulty of existing mobile communication base station positioning methods, where positioning accuracy is significantly affected by environmental reflections and obstacles. This makes it difficult to accurately locate base stations based on multiple reflections of the main lobe signal transmitted by mobile communication base stations in urban areas with dense high-rise buildings. This system utilizes a UAV low-altitude platform, combining coarse decoding of base station broadcast signals with precise aerial direction finding and positioning. This system addresses the difficulty of distinguishing co-frequency base stations at the spectrum level, hindering accurate counting of base stations within an area. It also maximizes test accuracy, enabling information collection, precise positioning, and video recording of mobile communication base stations within urban areas, significantly enhancing radio spectrum monitoring and management.

[0099] In this specification, the present invention has been described with reference to specific embodiments thereof. However, it will be apparent that various modifications and variations may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Accordingly, the specification and drawings are to be regarded as illustrative rather than restrictive.

Claims

1. A method for distinguishing and accurately locating mobile communication base stations based on a low-altitude platform, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: (1) Set the test area and test altitude, automatically plan the route, and the drone takes off; (2) Scan the base station SSB pilot channel according to the specified frequency, decode the base station SSB pilot channel, decode the third layer information and second layer information of the SSB channel, obtain the cell global identifier and the corresponding base station signal reception quality, and calculate the distance between the base station and the current drone; (3) The drone automatically moves to expand the test coverage and continues with step (2); (4) The drone remote controller or drone nest controls the drone body to spin at a low angular velocity, collects the downlink channel level value of the base station, flies a specified distance in the direction of the base station signal source, repeats the spin direction finding, and gradually approaches the base station location; (5) Repeat step (4) to complete the precise positioning task of all base stations in the surrounding base station list. The drone uses its own gimbal and camera system to record and archive the base station antenna feed system and surrounding areas; (6) When the drone returns, the data will be automatically sorted and output.

2. The method for realizing mobile communication base station differentiation and precise positioning based on a low-altitude platform according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step (2) specifically includes the following steps: (2.1) After reaching the designated altitude, the mobile communication base station decoding device onboard the drone scans the relevant frequency bands and determines whether the base station SSB pilot channel exists based on the designated frequency point scan. If so, the base station SSB pilot channel is decoded and the process continues with step (2.2). If not, there is no mobile communication signal coverage in this airspace and the process ends. (2.2) Synchronously perform SSB channel layer 3 information decoding and SSB channel layer 2 information decoding.

3. The method for distinguishing and accurately locating mobile communication base stations based on a low-altitude platform according to claim 2, characterized in that: The synchronous execution of the SSB channel layer 3 information decoding in step (2.2) specifically includes the following steps: (1-2.2) Decode the SSB channel layer 3 information to obtain the public land mobile network ID and the corresponding cell ID, and then obtain the cell global ID. (1-2.3) Use the cell global identifier as the unique identifier of the base station to which the test data belongs, and list the identity information of surrounding base stations; The step (2.2) of synchronously performing the second layer information decoding of the SSB channel specifically includes the following steps: (2-2.2) Decode the second layer information of the SSB channel to obtain the signal reception quality of the SSB pilot channel; (2-2.3) Calculate the distances of surrounding base stations relative to the current drone based on the radio signal propagation model and the operator’s base station transmission power.

4. The method for distinguishing and accurately locating mobile communication base stations based on a low-altitude platform according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step (4) specifically includes the following steps: (4.1) The drone’s nest or remote controller controls the drone to spin at a low angular velocity through the original manufacturer’s protocol and collects the base station downlink channel level value; (4.2) During the drone's spin calibration, the frequency band used by the base station being measured is marked, and the direction with the highest signal strength is marked as the base station signal source direction; (4.3) The drone flies a specified distance in the direction of the base station signal source and repeats step (4.1), gradually approaching the base station location until it is within 100 meters of the base station.

5. The method for distinguishing and accurately locating mobile communication base stations based on a low-altitude platform according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step (5) specifically includes the following steps: (5.1) Repeat step (4) to complete the precise positioning task of all base stations in the surrounding base station list; (5.2) After arriving near each base station, the drone will use its built-in gimbal and camera system to record and archive the base station antenna feed system and surrounding areas.

6. A system for distinguishing and accurately locating mobile communication base stations based on a low-altitude platform, which implements the method of any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The system includes a drone launch monitoring and direction-finding device, a drone remote controller or a drone nest, and a control terminal. The drone launch monitoring and direction-finding device includes a drone body, a monitoring and direction-finding module, a monitoring antenna, and a direction-finding antenna. The monitoring and direction-finding module is installed on the drone body. The monitoring antenna and the direction-finding antenna are both connected to the monitoring and direction-finding module. The drone remote controller or drone nest is connected to the drone launch monitoring and direction-finding device via a drone control protocol. The drone remote controller or drone nest is connected to the control terminal via a cloud service.

7. The system for distinguishing and accurately locating mobile communication base stations based on a low-altitude platform according to claim 6, characterized in that: The drone remote controller or drone nest includes an embedded control system, a drone correction system, a drone lifting platform, a small meteorological system, a video transmission system and a drone control system. The output end of the embedded control system is respectively connected to the drone correction system, the small meteorological system and the video transmission system. The output end of the drone correction system is connected to the drone lifting platform and the drone control system. The output end of the small meteorological system is connected to the drone lifting platform. The output ends of the video transmission system and the drone control system are both connected to the drone launch monitoring and direction-finding equipment.

8. A device for distinguishing and accurately locating mobile communication base stations based on a low-altitude platform, characterized in that: The device comprises: a processor configured to execute computer-executable instructions; A memory storing one or more computer-executable instructions, wherein when the computer-executable instructions are executed by the processor, the steps of the method for distinguishing and accurately locating mobile communication base stations based on a low-altitude platform as described in any one of claims 1 to 5 are implemented.

9. A processor for distinguishing and accurately locating mobile communication base stations based on a low-altitude platform, characterized in that: The processor is configured to execute computer-executable instructions. When the computer-executable instructions are executed by the processor, the various steps of the method for distinguishing and accurately locating mobile communication base stations based on a low-altitude platform as described in any one of claims 1 to 5 are implemented.

10. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that A computer program is stored thereon, and the computer program can be executed by a processor to implement the various steps of the method for distinguishing and accurately locating mobile communication base stations based on a low-altitude platform as described in any one of claims 1 to 5.

Images