Reconfigurable smart surface state signaling and configuration for positioning and sensing

Abstract

In one aspect, the UE may receive at least one of a positioning session configuration or a sensing session configuration based on a first power state of the RIS. The UE may receive an indication of a power state schedule for the RIS. The UE may perform at least one of a measurement set or a transmission set for at least one of a positioning session or a sensing session based on at least one of the positioning session configuration or the sensing session configuration and the power state schedule of the RIS.

Description

[0001] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0002] This application claims the benefit of Greek patent application serial number 20230100174, entitled “RECONFIGURABLE INTELLIGENT SURFACE STATE SIGNALING AND CONFIGURATION FOR POSITIONING AND SENSING” and filed on March 1, 2023, which is expressly incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. Technical Field

[0003] The present disclosure relates generally to positioning systems, and more particularly to positioning systems related to reconfigurable smart surfaces (RIS). Background Art

[0004] Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide a variety of telecommunication services, such as telephony, video, data, messaging, and broadcasts. Typical wireless communication systems employ multiple-access technologies capable of supporting communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources. Examples of such multiple-access technologies include code division multiple access (CDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), frequency division multiple access (FDMA), orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA), single-carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA), and time division synchronous code division multiple access (TD-SCDMA).

[0005] These multiple access technologies have been adopted in various telecommunication standards to provide a common protocol that enables different wireless devices to communicate at a city, national, regional, and even global level. An example telecommunication standard is 5G New Radio (NR). 5G NR is part of the continued evolution of mobile broadband promulgated by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) to meet new requirements associated with latency, reliability, security, scalability (e.g., for the Internet of Things (IoT)), and other requirements. 5G NR includes services associated with enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), massive machine-type communications (mMTC), and ultra-reliable low-latency communications (URLLC). Certain aspects of 5G NR may be based on the 4G Long Term Evolution (LTE) standard. Further improvements to 5G NR technology are needed. In addition, these improvements may also be applicable to other multiple access technologies and telecommunication standards that adopt these technologies. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The following presents a simplified summary of one or more aspects in order to provide a basic understanding of these aspects. This summary is not an extensive overview of all contemplated aspects. This summary does not identify key or critical elements of all aspects, nor does it delineate the scope of any or all aspects. Its sole purpose is to present some concepts of one or more aspects in a simplified form as a prelude to the more detailed description that will be presented later.

[0007] In one aspect of the present disclosure, a method, computer-readable medium, and apparatus at a user equipment (UE) are provided. The apparatus may include a memory and at least one processor coupled to the memory. Based at least in part on information stored in the memory, the at least one processor may be configured to: receive at least one of a positioning session configuration or a sensing session configuration based on a first power state of a RIS; receive an indication of a power state schedule for the RIS; and perform at least one of a measurement set or a transmission set for at least one of the positioning session or the sensing session based on at least one of the positioning session configuration or the sensing session configuration and the power state schedule for the RIS.

[0008] In another aspect of the present disclosure, a method, computer-readable medium, and apparatus at a UE are provided. The apparatus may include a memory and at least one processor coupled to the memory. Based at least in part on information stored in the memory, the at least one processor may be configured to send at least one of a positioning session configuration or a sensing session configuration based on a first power state of a RIS, and to send an indication of a power state schedule for the RIS.

[0009] In another aspect of the present disclosure, a method, computer-readable medium, and apparatus at a network node are provided. The apparatus may include a memory and at least one processor coupled to the memory. Based at least in part on information stored in the memory, the at least one processor may be configured to send at least one of a positioning session configuration or a sensing session configuration based on a first power state of a RIS, and to send an indication of a power state schedule for the RIS.

[0010] To achieve the foregoing and related ends, one or more aspects may include the features fully described below and particularly pointed out in the claims. The following description and the accompanying drawings set forth in detail some illustrative features of one or more aspects. However, these features are indicative of only some of the various ways in which the principles of the various aspects may be employed. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0011] Figure 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless communication system and an access network.

[0012] Figure 2A is a diagram illustrating an example of a first frame according to various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0013] Figure 2B is a diagram illustrating an example of downlink (DL) channels within a subframe according to various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0014] Figure 2C is a diagram illustrating an example of a second frame according to various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0015] Figure 2D is a diagram illustrating an example of uplink (UL) channels within a subframe according to various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0016] Figure 3 is a diagram illustrating an example of a base station and a user equipment (UE) in an access network.

[0017] Figure 4 is a diagram illustrating an example of UE positioning based on reference signal measurement.

[0018] Figure 5A An example is illustrated in which a network node sends beamformed communications to a UE using a directional beam according to various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0019] Figure 5B An example is illustrated in which a network node sends beamformed communications to a UE via a RIS according to various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0020] Figure 6 Examples are illustrated in which a RIS includes multiple subsets of multiple RIS elements according to various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0021] Figure 7 is a diagram illustrating RIS scheduling according to various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0022] Figure 8 is a call flow diagram illustrating a method of wireless communication according to various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0023] Figure 9 is a flowchart illustrating a method of wireless communication according to various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0024] Figure 10 is a flowchart illustrating a method of wireless communication according to various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0025] Figure 11 are diagrams illustrating examples of hardware implementations for example apparatuses and / or network entities.

[0026] Figure 12 is a diagram illustrating an example of a hardware implementation for an example network entity.

[0027] Figure 13 is a diagram illustrating an example of a hardware implementation for an example network entity. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] Various aspects generally relate to positioning systems. Some aspects more specifically relate to positioning or radio frequency (RF) sensing based on the state of a RIS. In some examples, a network entity (e.g., a location management function (LMF)) may provide a positioning and / or sensing session configuration to a UE for a positioning and / or sensing session based on the state (e.g., power state) of a RIS communicatively coupled to or in the vicinity of the UE. The network entity may also provide a power state schedule for the RIS to the UE. The power state schedule may indicate one or more states of the RIS for a specific (e.g., future) time period. The UE may be configured to perform positioning and / or sensing actions based on the positioning and / or sensing session configuration and the states indicated in the power state schedule. For example, the UE may be configured to perform a measurement set (e.g., for reference signals received by the UE) or a transmission set (e.g., a transmission set of reference signals) for the positioning and / or sensing session.

[0029] Certain aspects of the subject matter described in this disclosure can be implemented to achieve one or more of the following potential advantages. In some examples, by utilizing power state scheduling, a network entity can adapt the behavior of a UE based on the state of a RIS. For example, if a particular RIS is in a powered-on state, the network entity can configure the UE to participate in a positioning and / or sensing session, and if the RIS is in a powered-off state, the network entity can configure the UE to not participate in the positioning and / or sensing session. By selectively enabling or not participating in a positioning and / or sensing session, the UE can save computing resources (e.g., processing cycles, memory, power, etc.) by limiting the performance of reference signal measurements and / or reference signal transmissions when the RIS is in a powered-off state.

[0030] The detailed description set forth below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings is a description of various configurations and does not represent the only configurations in which the concepts described herein may be practiced. The detailed description includes specific details to provide a thorough understanding of the various concepts. However, these concepts may be practiced without these specific details. In some cases, well-known structures and components are shown in block diagram form to avoid obscuring such concepts.

[0031] Several aspects of telecommunications systems are presented with reference to various apparatuses and methods. These apparatuses and methods are described in the following detailed description and illustrated in the accompanying drawings by various blocks, components, circuits, processes, algorithms, etc. (collectively referred to as "elements"). These elements can be implemented using electronic hardware, computer software, or any combination thereof. Whether these elements are implemented as hardware or software depends on the specific application and the design constraints imposed on the overall system.

[0032] As an example, an element, or any part of an element, or any combination of elements can be implemented as a "processing system", which includes one or more processors. Examples of processors include microprocessors, microcontrollers, graphics processing units (GPUs), central processing units (CPUs), application processors, digital signal processors (DSPs), reduced instruction set computing (RISC) processors, systems on chip (SoCs), baseband processors, field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), programmable logic devices (PLDs), state machines, gating logic, discrete hardware circuits, and other suitable hardware configured to perform the various functionalities described throughout this disclosure. One or more processors in a processing system can execute software. Whether referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or other terms, software should be broadly interpreted to mean instructions, instruction sets, codes, code segments, program codes, programs, subroutines, software components, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executables, threads of execution, procedures, functions, or any combination thereof.

[0033] Thus, in one or more example aspects, implementations, and / or use cases, the functionality described may be implemented in hardware, software, or any combination thereof. If implemented in software, the functionality may be stored or encoded as one or more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium. Computer-readable media include computer storage media. A storage medium may be any available medium that can be accessed by a computer. By way of example, such computer-readable media may include random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage, other magnetic storage devices, combinations of these types of computer-readable media, or any other medium that can be used to store computer-executable code in the form of instructions or data structures that can be accessed by a computer.

[0034] While aspects, implementations, and / or use cases are described herein through the lens of certain examples, additional or different aspects, implementations, and / or use cases may arise in many different arrangements and scenarios. The aspects, implementations, and / or use cases described herein can be implemented across many different platform types, devices, systems, shapes, sizes, and packaging arrangements. For example, the aspects, implementations, and / or use cases may arise via integrated chip implementations and other non-module component-based devices (e.g., end-user devices, vehicles, communications equipment, computing devices, industrial equipment, retail / purchase equipment, medical devices, artificial intelligence (AI)-enabled devices, etc.). While some examples may or may not be specifically targeted at use cases or applications, the examples described may have broad applicability. The aspects, implementations, and / or use cases may range from chip-level or modular components to non-modular, non-chip-level implementations, and further to aggregated, distributed, or original equipment manufacturer (OEM) devices or systems incorporating one or more of the techniques described herein. In some practical settings, devices incorporating the described aspects and features may also include additional components and features for implementing and practicing the claimed and described aspects. For example, the transmission and reception of wireless signals necessarily involve multiple components for both analog and digital purposes (e.g., hardware components including antennas, RF chains, power amplifiers, modulators, buffers, processors, interleavers, adders / summers, etc.). The techniques described herein can be practiced in a wide variety of devices of various sizes, shapes, and configurations, including chip-level components, systems, distributed arrangements, aggregated or disaggregated components, end-user devices, and the like.

[0035] The deployment of a communication system (such as a 5G NR system) can be arranged in a variety of ways with various components or parts. In a 5G NR system or network, a network node, a network entity, a mobility element of the network, a radio access network (RAN) node, a core network node, a network element, or network equipment (such as a base station (BS)), or one or more units (or one or more components) that perform base station functionality can be implemented in a converged or disaggregated architecture. For example, a base station (such as a node B (NB), an evolved NB (eNB), an NR base station, a 5G NB, an access point (AP), a transmit receive point (TRP), or a cell) can be implemented as a converged base station (also known as a standalone base station or a monolithic base station) or a disaggregated base station.

[0036] A converged base station can be configured to utilize a radio protocol stack that is physically or logically integrated within a single RAN node. A decomposed base station can be configured to utilize a protocol stack that is physically or logically distributed between two or more units, such as one or more central or centralized units (CUs), one or more distributed units (DUs), or one or more radio units (RUs). In some aspects, a CU can be implemented within a RAN node, and one or more DUs can be co-located with the CU, or alternatively, can be geographically or virtually distributed across one or more other RAN nodes. A DU can be implemented to communicate with one or more RUs. Each of the CU, DU, and RU can be implemented as a virtual unit, namely a virtual central unit (VCU), a virtual distributed unit (VDU), or a virtual radio unit (VRU).

[0037] Base station operation or network design can take into account the aggregated nature of base station functionality. For example, a disaggregated base station can be used in an integrated access backhaul (IAB) network, an open radio access network (O-RAN (a network configuration such as that promoted by the O-RAN Alliance)), or a virtualized radio access network (vRAN, also known as a cloud radio access network (C-RAN)). Disaggregation can include distributing functionality across two or more units at various physical locations, as well as virtually distributing the functionality of at least one unit, which can enable flexibility in network design. The various units of a disaggregated base station or disaggregated RAN architecture can be configured for wired or wireless communication with at least one other unit.

[0038] Figure 1 Figure 100 illustrates an example of a wireless communication system and access network. The illustrated wireless communication system includes a disaggregated base station architecture. The disaggregated base station architecture may include one or more CUs 110, which may communicate directly with a core network 120 via a backhaul link or indirectly with the core network 120 through one or more disaggregated base station elements, such as a near real-time (near-RT) RAN intelligent controller (RIC) 125 via an E2 link, a non-real-time (non-RT) RIC 115 associated with a service management and orchestration (SMO) framework 105, or both. CUs 110 may communicate with one or more DUs 130 via corresponding midhaul links, such as the F1 interface. DUs 130 may communicate with one or more RUs 140 via corresponding fronthaul links. RUs 140 may communicate with corresponding UEs 104 via one or more radio frequency (RF) access links. In some implementations, a UE 104 may be served simultaneously by multiple RUs 140.

[0039] Each of the units (i.e., CU 110, DU 130, RU 140, as well as near-RT RIC 125, non-RT RIC 115, and SMO framework 105) may include or be coupled to one or more interfaces configured to receive or transmit signals, data, or information (collectively, signals) via a wired or wireless transmission medium. Each of the units, or an associated processor or controller that provides instructions to the communication interfaces of these units, may be configured to communicate with one or more of the other units via the transmission medium. For example, these units may include a wired interface configured to receive signals or transmit signals to one or more of the other units via the wired transmission medium. Additionally, these units may include a wireless interface that may include a receiver, transmitter, or transceiver (such as an RF transceiver) configured to receive and / or transmit signals to one or more of the other units via the wireless transmission medium.

[0040] In some aspects, the CU 110 may host one or more higher-layer control functions. Such control functions may include radio resource control (RRC), packet data convergence protocol (PDCP), service data adaptation protocol (SDAP), and the like. Each control function may be implemented using an interface configured to communicate signals with other control functions hosted by the CU 110. The CU 110 may be configured to handle user plane functionality (i.e., central unit-user plane (CU-UP)), control plane functionality (i.e., central unit-control plane (CU-CP)), or a combination thereof. In some implementations, the CU 110 may be logically split into one or more CU-UP units and one or more CU-CP units. When implemented in an O-RAN configuration, the CU-UP units may communicate bidirectionally with the CU-CP units via an interface, such as the E1 interface. Optionally, the CU 110 may be implemented to communicate with the DU 130 for network control and signaling.

[0041] The DU 130 may correspond to a logical unit that includes one or more base station functions for controlling the operation of one or more RUs 140. In some aspects, the DU 130 may host one or more of a radio link control (RLC) layer, a medium access control (MAC) layer, and one or more higher physical (PHY) layers (such as modules for forward error correction (FEC) encoding and decoding, scrambling, modulation, demodulation, etc.) based at least in part on a functional split, such as those defined by 3GPP. In some aspects, the DU 130 may further host one or more lower PHY layers. Each layer (or module) may be implemented using an interface configured to communicate signals with other layers (and modules) hosted by the DU 130 or with control functions hosted by the CU 110.

[0042] Lower layer functionality may be implemented by one or more RUs 140. In some deployments, a RU 140 controlled by a DU 130 may correspond to a logical node that hosts RF processing functionality or low PHY layer functionality (such as performing Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), Inverse FFT (iFFT), digital beamforming, Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH) extraction and filtering, etc.), or both, based at least in part on a functional split (such as a lower layer functional split). In such an architecture, the RU 140 may be implemented to handle over-the-air (OTA) communications with one or more UEs 104. In some implementations, both real-time and non-real-time aspects of communicating with the control and user planes of the RU 140 may be controlled by the corresponding DU 130. In some scenarios, this configuration may enable the DU 130 and CU 110 to be implemented in a cloud-based RAN architecture, such as a vRAN architecture.

[0043] The SMO framework 105 can be configured to support RAN deployment and provisioning of both non-virtualized and virtualized network elements. For non-virtualized network elements, the SMO framework 105 can be configured to support the deployment of dedicated physical resources for RAN coverage requirements, which can be managed via an operations and maintenance interface (such as the O1 interface). For virtualized network elements, the SMO framework 105 can be configured to interact with a cloud computing platform (such as Open Cloud (O-Cloud) 190) to perform network element lifecycle management (such as instantiating virtualized network elements) via cloud computing platform interfaces (such as the O2 interface). Such virtualized network elements may include, but are not limited to, the CU 110, DU 130, RU 140, and near-RT RIC 125. In some implementations, the SMO framework 105 can communicate with hardware aspects of the 4G RAN (such as the Open eNB (O-eNB) 111) via the O1 interface. Additionally, in some implementations, the SMO framework 105 can communicate directly with one or more RUs 140 via the O1 interface. The SMO framework 105 may also include a non-RT RIC 115 configured to support the functionality of the SMO framework 105 .

[0044] The non-RT RIC 115 may be configured to include logic that enables non-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources, artificial intelligence (AI) / machine learning (ML) (AI / ML) workflows including model training and updating, or policy-based guidance of applications / features in the near-RT RIC 125. The non-RT RIC 115 may be coupled to or in communication with the near-RT RIC 125 (e.g., via an A1 interface). The near-RT RIC 125 may be configured to include logic that enables near-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources through data collection and actions via an interface (e.g., via an E2 interface) that connects one or more CUs 110, one or more DUs 130, or both, and the O-eNB with the near-RT RIC 125.

[0045] In some implementations, to generate AI / ML models to be deployed in the near-RT RIC 125, the non-RT RIC 115 can receive parameters or external enrichment information from an external server. Such information can be utilized by the near-RT RIC 125 and can be received at the SMO framework 105 or the non-RT RIC 115 from non-network data sources or from network functions. In some examples, the non-RT RIC 115 or the near-RT RIC 125 can be configured to tune RAN behavior or performance. For example, the non-RT RIC 115 can monitor long-term trends and patterns in performance and employ AI / ML models to execute corrective actions through the SMO framework 105 (such as via reconfiguration of O1) or by creating RAN management policies (such as A1 policies).

[0046] At least one of the CU 110, DU 130, and RU 140 may be referred to as a base station 102. Thus, the base station 102 may include one or more of the CU 110, DU 130, and RU 140 (each component is indicated by a dashed line to indicate that each component may or may not be included in the base station 102). The base station 102 provides an access point to the core network 120 for the UE 104. The base station 102 may include a macro cell (a high-power cellular base station) and / or a small cell (a low-power cellular base station). Small cells include femto cells, pico cells, and micro cells. A network that includes both small cells and macro cells may be referred to as a heterogeneous network. A heterogeneous network may also include a home evolved Node B (eNB) (HeNB), which may provide services to a restricted group known as a closed subscriber group (CSG). The communication link between RU 140 and UE 104 may include uplink (UL) (also known as reverse link) transmissions from UE 104 to RU 140 and / or downlink (DL) (also known as forward link) transmissions from RU 140 to UE 104. The communication link may utilize multiple-input, multiple-output (MIMO) antenna technology, including spatial multiplexing, beamforming, and / or transmit diversity. The communication link may be over one or more carriers. Base station 102 / UE 104 may utilize spectrum with a bandwidth of up to Y MHz (e.g., 5 MHz, 10 MHz, 15 MHz, 20 MHz, 100 MHz, 400 MHz, etc.) for each carrier allocated in a carrier aggregation for transmission in each direction, totaling up to Yx MHz (x component carriers). These carriers may or may not be adjacent to each other. Carrier allocation may be asymmetric with respect to DL and UL (e.g., more or fewer carriers may be allocated for DL compared to UL). Component carriers may include a primary component carrier and one or more secondary component carriers. The primary component carrier may be referred to as a primary cell (PCell) and the secondary component carrier may be referred to as a secondary cell (SCell).

[0047] Certain UEs 104 may communicate with each other using device-to-device (D2D) communication links 158. D2D communication links 158 may utilize DL / UL wireless wide area network (WWAN) spectrum. D2D communication links 158 may utilize one or more sidelink channels, such as a physical sidelink broadcast channel (PSBCH), a physical sidelink discovery channel (PSDCH), a physical sidelink shared channel (PSSCH), and a physical sidelink control channel (PSCCH). D2D communication may be accomplished via various wireless D2D communication systems, such as, for example, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi based on the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 standard, LTE, or NR.

[0048] The wireless communication system may also include a Wi-Fi AP 150 that communicates with a UE 104 (also referred to as a Wi-Fi station (STA)) via a communication link 154, for example, in the 5 GHz unlicensed spectrum. When communicating in the unlicensed spectrum, the UE 104 / AP 150 may perform a clear channel assessment (CCA) to determine whether the channel is available before communicating.

[0049] The electromagnetic spectrum is typically subdivided into various categories, bands, channels, and so on, based on frequency / wavelength. In 5G NR, two initial operating bands have been identified as frequency ranges designated FR1 (410 MHz-7.125 GHz) and FR2 (24.25 GHz-52.6 GHz). Although a portion of FR1 extends beyond 6 GHz, FR1 is often (interchangeably) referred to as the "sub-6 GHz" band in various documents and articles. A similar naming issue sometimes arises with FR2, which is often (interchangeably) referred to as the "millimeter wave" band in documents and articles, despite being distinct from the extremely high frequency (EHF) band (30 GHz-300 GHz), which is designated as a "millimeter wave" band by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU).

[0050] Frequencies between FR1 and FR2 are often referred to as mid-band frequencies. Recent 5G NR research has identified the operating band for these mid-band frequencies as frequency range designation FR3 (7.125 GHz-24.25 GHz). Frequency bands falling within FR3 can inherit FR1 characteristics and / or FR2 characteristics, effectively extending the features of FR1 and / or FR2 to mid-band frequencies. Furthermore, higher frequency bands are currently being explored to extend 5G NR operation beyond 52.6 GHz. For example, three higher operating bands have been identified as frequency range designations FR2-2 (52.6 GHz-71 GHz), FR4 (71 GHz-114.25 GHz), and FR5 (114.25 GHz-300 GHz). Each of these higher frequency bands falls within the EHF band.

[0051] In view of the above, unless otherwise specified, if the term "sub-6 GHz" or the like is used herein, it may broadly refer to frequencies that may be less than 6 GHz, may be within FR1, or may include mid-band frequencies. In addition, unless otherwise specified, if the term "millimeter wave" or the like is used herein, it may broadly refer to frequencies that may include mid-band frequencies, may be within FR2, FR4, FR2-2, and / or FR5, or may be within the EHF band.

[0052] Base station 102 and UE 104 may each include multiple antennas (such as antenna elements, antenna panels, and / or antenna arrays) to facilitate beamforming. Base station 102 may transmit beamformed signals 182 to UE 104 in one or more transmit directions. UE 104 may receive beamformed signals from base station 102 in one or more receive directions. UE 104 may also transmit beamformed signals 184 to base station 102 in one or more transmit directions. Base station 102 may receive beamformed signals from UE 104 in one or more receive directions. Base station 102 / UE 104 may perform beam training to determine the optimal receive and transmit directions for each of base station 102 / UE 104. The transmit and receive directions of base station 102 may or may not be the same. The transmit and receive directions of UE 104 may or may not be the same.

[0053] The wireless communication system may also include a reconfigurable smart surface (RIS) 103. RIS 103 can be used to extend coverage, for example, beamforming coverage, while reducing power consumption. RIS 103 may be composed of a large number of evenly distributed, electrically controllable elements. Each RIS element may have reconfigurable electromagnetic properties, such as reflection coefficient. Depending on the combination of configured states of the elements, RIS 103 can reflect and modify incident radio waveforms in a controlled manner, such as changing the reflection direction or beamwidth. RIS 103 can function as a nearly passive device, and the reflection direction can be controlled by a control node (such as a base station or a UE). For example, RIS 103 can reflect an impinging wave toward a UE in a direction indicated by the base station.

[0054] To perform RIS-assisted communication / sensing / positioning functions, the base station or UE can use the location of the RIS 103. If the network plans the placement of the RIS 103, the RIS information can be known to the network, and the base station 102 can send information about the RIS 103 to other nodes (e.g., UEs in the cell), for example, in system information. Each UE within the coverage area of the cell can receive the system information to discover the presence of the RIS, the RIS location, the RIS capabilities, or other RIS information about the specific RIS.

[0055] In some aspects, the RIS 103 can reflect beamformed communications between the RU and the UE to avoid a blocker 107 that blocks the directional beam between the RU 140 and the UE 104 .

[0056] The base station 102 may include and / or be referred to as a gNB, Node B, eNB, access point, base transceiver station, radio base station, radio transceiver, transceiver function, basic service set (BSS), extended service set (ESS), TRP, network node, network entity, network equipment, or some other suitable terminology. The base station 102 may be implemented as an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, a relay node, a sidelink node, a converged (monolithic) base station having a baseband unit (BBU) (including a CU and a DU) and a RU, or as a disaggregated base station including one or more of a CU, a DU, and / or a RU. A collection of base stations that may include disaggregated base stations and / or converged base stations may be referred to as a next generation (NG) RAN (NG-RAN).

[0057] The core network 120 may include an access and mobility management function (AMF) 161, a session management function (SMF) 162, a user plane function (UPF) 163, a unified data management (UDM) 164, one or more location servers 168, and other functional entities. The AMF 161 is a control node that handles signaling between the UE 104 and the core network 120. The AMF 161 supports registration management, connection management, mobility management, and other functions. The SMF 162 supports session management and other functions. The UPF 163 supports packet routing, packet forwarding, and other functions. The UDM 164 supports the generation of authentication and key agreement (AKA) credentials, user identity handling, access authorization, and subscription management. The one or more location servers 168 are exemplified as including a gateway mobile location center (GMLC) 165 and a location management function (LMF) 166. However, in general, the one or more location servers 168 may include one or more location / positioning servers, which may include one or more of the GMLC 165, LMF 166, a Position Determination Entity (PDE), a Serving Mobile Location Center (SMLC), a Mobile Positioning Center (MPC), and the like. The GMLC 165 and LMF 166 support UE location services. The GMLC 165 provides an interface for clients / applications (e.g., emergency services) to access UE positioning information. The LMF 166 receives measurement and assistance information from the NG-RAN and UE 104 via the AMF 161 to calculate the location of the UE 104. The LMF 166 may also coordinate RF sensing sessions for a target entity, for example, by configuring a node (e.g., a TRP or UE) for the RF sensing session. The LMF 166 may also receive measurements and / or additional information from the node and determine a sensing result (e.g., the location of the target entity) based on the measurements and / or additional information. It should be noted that the RF sensing session functionality described herein with reference to the LMF 166 can be implemented in an entity separate from the LMF 166, such as a sensing management function (SnMF). The SnMF can be included in the core network 120 or can be located at the base station 102. The NG-RAN can utilize one or more positioning methods to determine the location of the UE 104. Positioning the UE 104 can involve signal measurements, position estimation, and optional velocity calculation based on these measurements. The signal measurements can be performed by the UE 104 and / or the base station 102 serving the UE 104.The measured signals may be based on one or more of a satellite positioning system (SPS) 170 (e.g., one or more of a global navigation satellite system (GNSS), a global positioning system (GPS), a non-terrestrial network (NTN), or other satellite positioning / positioning systems), LTE signals, wireless local area network (WLAN) signals, Bluetooth signals, a terrestrial beacon system (TBS), sensor-based information (e.g., an atmospheric pressure sensor, a motion sensor), NR enhanced cell ID (NR E-CID) methods, NR signals (e.g., multi-round trip time (multi-RTT), DL angle of departure (DL-AoD), DL time difference of arrival (DL-TDOA), UL time difference of arrival (UL-TDOA), and UL angle of arrival (UL-AoA) positioning), and / or other systems / signals / sensors.

[0058] Examples of UE 104 include a cellular phone, a smartphone, a Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) phone, a laptop, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a satellite radio, a global positioning system, a multimedia device, a video device, a digital audio player (e.g., an MP3 player), a camera, a game console, a tablet, a smart device, a wearable device, a vehicle, a utility meter, a gas pump, a large or small kitchen appliance, a healthcare device, an implant, a sensor / actuator, a display, or any other similarly functional device. Some of UE 104 may be referred to as IoT devices (e.g., a parking meter, a gas pump, a toaster, a vehicle, a heart rate monitor, etc.). UE 104 may also be referred to as a station, a mobile station, a subscriber station, a mobile unit, a subscriber unit, a wireless unit, a remote unit, a mobile device, a wireless device, a wireless communication device, a remote device, a mobile subscriber station, an access terminal, a mobile terminal, a wireless terminal, a remote terminal, a handset, a user agent, a mobile client, a client, or some other suitable terminology. In some scenarios, the term UE may also apply to one or more companion devices, such as in a device constellation arrangement. One or more of these devices may access the network collectively and / or individually.

[0059] See again Figure 1In certain aspects, the UE 104 may include a RIS state-based positioning / sensing component 198 that may be configured to: receive at least one of a positioning session configuration or a sensing session configuration based on a first power state of the RIS; receive an indication of a power state schedule for the RIS; and perform at least one of a measurement set or a transmission set for at least one of the positioning session or the sensing session based on the at least one of the positioning session configuration or the sensing session configuration and the power state schedule for the RIS. In certain aspects, the UE 104 may include a RIS state-based positioning / sensing component 198 that may be configured to transmit at least one of the positioning session configuration or the sensing session configuration based on the first power state of the RIS and transmit an indication of the power state schedule for the RIS. In certain aspects, the base station 102 and / or the LMF 166 may include a RIS state-based positioning / sensing component 199 that may be configured to transmit at least one of the positioning session configuration or the sensing session configuration based on the first power state of the RIS and transmit an indication of the power state schedule for the RIS.

[0060] Figure 2A FIG200 is a diagram illustrating an example of a first subframe within a 5G NR frame structure. Figure 2B FIG230 is a diagram illustrating an example of DL channels within a 5G NR subframe. Figure 2C FIG250 is a diagram illustrating an example of a second subframe within a 5G NR frame structure. Figure 2D FIG280 is a diagram illustrating an example of UL channels within a 5G NR subframe. The 5G NR frame structure may be frequency division duplex (FDD) (wherein, for a particular set of subcarriers (carrier system bandwidth), subframes within that subcarrier set are dedicated to either DL or UL), or may be time division duplex (TDD) (wherein, for a particular set of subcarriers (carrier system bandwidth), subframes within that subcarrier set are dedicated to both DL and UL). Figure 2A 、 Figure 2CIn the example provided, the 5G NR frame structure is assumed to be TDD, with subframe 4 configured with slot format 28 (mostly DL), where D stands for DL, U stands for UL, and F stands for flexible use between DL / UL, and subframe 3 configured with slot format 1 (all UL). While subframes 3 and 4 are shown with slot formats 1 and 28, respectively, any particular subframe can be configured with any of the various available slot formats 0-61. Slot formats 0 and 1 are all DL and all UL, respectively. The other slot formats 2-61 include a mix of DL, UL, and flexible symbols. The UE is configured with the slot format via a received slot format indicator (SFI), either dynamically via DL control information (DCI) or semi-statically / statically via radio resource control (RRC) signaling. Note that the following description also applies to the 5G NR frame structure as TDD.

[0061] Figures 2A to 2D This example illustrates a frame structure, and aspects of this disclosure are applicable to other wireless communication technologies that may have different frame structures and / or different channels. A frame (10 ms) can be divided into 10 equally sized subframes (1 ms). Each subframe can include one or more slots. A subframe can also include mini-slots, which can include 7, 4, or 2 symbols. Each slot can include 14 or 12 symbols, depending on whether the cyclic prefix (CP) is normal or extended. For a normal CP, each slot can include 14 symbols, and for an extended CP, each slot can include 12 symbols. Downlink symbols can be CP-orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols. Uplink symbols can be CP-OFDM symbols (for high-throughput scenarios) or discrete Fourier transform (DFT)-spread OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM) symbols (for power-limited scenarios; limited to single-stream transmission). The number of slots within a subframe depends on the CP and the parameter set. The parameter set defines the subcarrier spacing (SCS) (see Table 1). The symbol length / duration can be scaled by 1 / SCS.

[0062]

[0063] For normal CP (14 symbols / slot), different parameter sets µ 0 to 4 allow 1, 2, 4, 8, and 16 slots per subframe, respectively. For extended CP, parameter set 2 allows 4 slots per subframe. Therefore, for normal CP and parameter set µ, there are 14 symbols / slot and 2 µ timeslots / subframes. The subcarrier spacing can be equal to ,in For parameter sets 0 to 4. Therefore, the subcarrier spacing for parameter set µ=0 is 15 kHz, and the subcarrier spacing for parameter set µ=4 is 240 kHz. The symbol length / duration is inversely related to the subcarrier spacing. Figures 2A to 2D An example is provided for a normal CP with 14 symbols per slot and a parameter set µ=2 with 4 slots per subframe. The slot duration is 0.25ms, the subcarrier spacing is 60kHz, and the symbol duration is approximately 16.67µs. Within a frame set, there may be one or more different bandwidth parts (BWPs) frequency-division multiplexed (see Figure 2B ). Each BWP can have a specific parameter set and CP (normal or extended).

[0064] A resource grid can be used to represent the frame structure. Each slot consists of a resource block (RB) (also known as a physical RB (PRB)) that extends over 12 consecutive subcarriers. The resource grid is divided into multiple resource elements (REs). The number of bits carried by each RE depends on the modulation scheme.

[0065] like Figure 2A As illustrated, some of the REs carry reference (pilot) signals (RS) for the UE. The RSs may include a demodulation RS (DM-RS) (indicated as R for a particular configuration, but other DM-RS configurations are possible) and a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) for channel estimation at the UE. The RSs may also include a beamforming RS (BRS), a beam refinement RS (BRRS), and a phase tracking RS (PT-RS).

[0066] Figure 2BExamples of various downlink channels within a subframe of a frame are illustrated. The physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) carries DCI within one or more control channel elements (CCEs) (e.g., 1, 2, 4, 8, or 16 CCEs). Each CCE consists of six resource element groups (REGs), with each REG comprising 12 contiguous REs within an OFDM symbol of a RB. The PDCCH within a BWP is referred to as a control resource set (CORESET). During PDCCH monitoring opportunities within a CORESET, the UE is configured to monitor PDCCH search spaces (e.g., common search space, UE-specific search space) for PDCCH candidates with different DCI formats and aggregation levels. Additional BWPs may be located at higher and / or lower frequencies across the channel bandwidth. The primary synchronization signal (PSS) may be within symbol 2 of specific subframes of a frame. The PSS is used by UE 104 to determine subframe / symbol timing and physical layer identification. The secondary synchronization signal (SSS) may be within symbol 4 of specific subframes of a frame. The SSS is used by the UE to determine the physical layer cell identity group number and radio frame timing. Based on the physical layer identity and the physical layer cell identity group number, the UE can determine the physical cell identifier (PCI). Based on the PCI, the UE can determine the location of the DM-RS. The physical broadcast channel (PBCH) carrying the master information block (MIB) can be logically grouped with the PSS and SSS to form a synchronization signal (SS) / PBCH block (also known as an SS block (SSB)). The MIB provides the system frame number (SFN) and the number of RBs in the system bandwidth. The physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) carries user data, broadcast system information not sent over the PBCH (such as the system information block (SIB)), and paging messages.

[0067] like Figure 2C As illustrated, some of the REs carry DM-RSs (indicated as R for a specific configuration, but other DM-RS configurations are possible) for channel estimation at the base station. The UE can transmit the DM-RS for the physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) and the DM-RS for the physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH). The PUSCH DM-RS can be transmitted in the first or first two symbols of the PUSCH. The PUCCH DM-RS can be transmitted in different configurations depending on whether a short or long PUCCH is transmitted and the specific PUCCH format used. The UE can transmit a sounding reference signal (SRS). The SRS can be transmitted in the last symbol of the subframe. The SRS can have a comb structure, and the UE can transmit the SRS on one of the comb structures within the comb structure. The SRS can be used by the base station for channel quality estimation to enable frequency-dependent scheduling of the UL.

[0068] Figure 2DExamples of various UL channels within a subframe of a frame are illustrated. The PUCCH may be located at the position indicated in one configuration. The PUCCH carries uplink control information (UCI), such as a scheduling request, a channel quality indicator (CQI), a precoding matrix indicator (PMI), a rank indicator (RI), and hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) acknowledgement (ACK) (HARQ-ACK) feedback (i.e., one or more HARQ ACK bits indicating one or more ACKs and / or negative ACKs (NACKs)). The PUSCH carries data and may additionally be used to carry a buffer status report (BSR), a power headroom report (PHR), and / or UCI.

[0069] Figure 3 3 is a block diagram of a base station 310 in communication with a UE 350 in an access network. In some aspects, communication between the base station 310 and the UE 350 may be provided by the RIS 103, such as in conjunction with Figure 1 、 Figure 3 、 Figure 5A 、 Figure 5B and Figure 6 The communication may be intelligently reflected, for example, by the RIS surface 393 of the RIS 103. Discovery information (such as RIS capability information and / or location information for the RIS 103) may be transmitted by the controller 391, for example, via a side link.

[0070] In the DL, Internet Protocol (IP) packets may be provided to the controller / processor 375. The controller / processor 375 implements layer 3 and layer 2 functionality. Layer 3 includes the radio resource control (RRC) layer, and layer 2 includes the service data adaptation protocol (SDAP) layer, the packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) layer, the radio link control (RLC) layer, and the medium access control (MAC) layer. The controller / processor 375 provides RRC layer functionality associated with broadcasting of system information (e.g., MIB, SIB), RRC connection control (e.g., RRC connection paging, RRC connection establishment, RRC connection modification, and RRC connection release), inter-radio access technology (RAT) mobility, and measurement configuration for UE measurement reporting; PDCP layer functionality associated with header compression / decompression, security (ciphering, deciphering, integrity protection, integrity verification), and handover support functions; RLC layer functionality associated with delivery of upper layer packet data units (PDUs), error correction through ARQ, concatenation, segmentation and reassembly of RLC service data units (SDUs), resegmentation of RLC data PDUs, and reordering of RLC data PDUs; and MAC layer functionality associated with mapping between logical channels and transport channels, multiplexing of MAC SDUs onto transport blocks (TBs), demultiplexing of MAC SDUs from TBs, scheduling information reporting, error correction through HARQ, priority handling, and logical channel prioritization.

[0071] The transmit (TX) processor 316 and receive (RX) processor 370 implement Layer 1 functionality associated with various signal processing functions. Layer 1, which includes the physical (PHY) layer, may include error detection on transport channels, forward error correction (FEC) coding / decoding of transport channels, interleaving, rate matching, mapping onto physical channels, modulation / demodulation of physical channels, and MIMO antenna processing. The TX processor 316 handles the mapping onto signal constellations based on various modulation schemes (e.g., binary phase-shift keying (BPSK), quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK), M-order phase-shift keying (M-PSK), and M-order quadrature amplitude modulation (M-QAM)). The coded and modulated symbols are then separated into parallel streams. Each stream is then mapped to an OFDM subcarrier, multiplexed with a reference signal (e.g., a pilot) in the time and / or frequency domain, and then combined using an inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) to produce a physical channel carrying a time-domain OFDM symbol stream. The OFDM stream is spatially pre-decoded to produce multiple spatial streams. Channel estimates from a channel estimator 374 may be used to determine the coding and modulation schemes, as well as for spatial processing. The channel estimates may be derived from a reference signal and / or channel condition feedback transmitted by the UE 350. Each spatial stream may then be provided to a different antenna 320 via a separate transmitter 318Tx. Each transmitter 318Tx may modulate a radio frequency (RF) carrier with a corresponding spatial stream for transmission.

[0072] At the UE 350, each receiver 354Rx receives a signal via its corresponding antenna 352. Each receiver 354Rx recovers the information modulated onto the RF carrier and provides the information to a receive (RX) processor 356. The TX processor 368 and the RX processor 356 implement Layer 1 functionality associated with various signal processing functions. The RX processor 356 can perform spatial processing on the information to recover any spatial streams destined for the UE 350. If multiple spatial streams are destined for the UE 350, they may be combined by the RX processor 356 into a single OFDM symbol stream. The RX processor 356 then converts the OFDM symbol stream from the time domain to the frequency domain using a fast Fourier transform (FFT). The frequency-domain signal includes a separate OFDM symbol stream for each subcarrier of the OFDM signal. The symbols on each subcarrier, as well as the reference signal, are recovered and demodulated by determining the most likely signal constellation point transmitted by the base station 310. These soft decisions may be based on channel estimates calculated by the channel estimator 358. The soft decisions are then decoded and deinterleaved to recover the data and control signals originally sent on the physical channel by base station 310. The data and control signals are then provided to a controller / processor 359, which implements layer 3 and layer 2 functionality.

[0073] The controller / processor 359 may be associated with a memory 360 that stores program codes and data. The memory 360 may be referred to as a computer-readable medium. In the UL, the controller / processor 359 provides demultiplexing between transport and logical channels, packet reassembly, decryption, header decompression, and control signal processing to recover IP packets. The controller / processor 359 is also responsible for error detection using an ACK and / or NACK protocol to support HARQ operations.

[0074] Similar to the functionality described in conjunction with DL transmissions performed by the base station 310, the controller / processor 359 provides RRC layer functionality associated with system information (e.g., MIB, SIB) acquisition, RRC connection, and measurement reporting; PDCP layer functionality associated with header compression / decompression and security (encryption, decryption, integrity protection, integrity verification); RLC layer functionality associated with delivery of upper layer PDUs, error correction through ARQ, concatenation, segmentation, and reassembly of RLC SDUs, resegmentation of RLC data PDUs, and reordering of RLC data PDUs; and MAC layer functionality associated with mapping between logical channels and transport channels, multiplexing of MAC SDUs onto TBs, demultiplexing of MAC SDUs from TBs, scheduling information reporting, error correction through HARQ, priority handling, and logical channel prioritization.

[0075] Channel estimates derived by the channel estimator 358 based on a reference signal or feedback transmitted by the base station 310 may be used by the TX processor 368 to select the appropriate coding and modulation schemes and to facilitate spatial processing. The spatial streams generated by the TX processor 368 may be provided via separate transmitters 354Tx to different antennas 352. Each transmitter 354Tx may modulate an RF carrier with a corresponding spatial stream for transmission.

[0076] UL transmissions are processed at the base station 310 in a manner similar to that described in conjunction with the receiver functionality at the UE 350. Each receiver 318Rx receives a signal through its corresponding antenna 320. Each receiver 318Rx recovers information modulated onto an RF carrier and provides the information to the RX processor 370.

[0077] The controller / processor 375 may be associated with a memory 376 that stores program codes and data. The memory 376 may be referred to as a computer-readable medium. In the UL, the controller / processor 375 provides demultiplexing between transport and logical channels, packet reassembly, decryption, header decompression, and control signal processing to recover IP packets. The controller / processor 375 is also responsible for error detection using an ACK and / or NACK protocol to support HARQ operations.

[0078] At least one of the TX processor 368, the RX processor 356, and the controller / processor 359 may be configured to perform operations related to Figure 1 Various aspects related to the RIS state-based positioning / sensing component 198.

[0079] At least one of the TX processor 316, the RX processor 370, and the controller / processor 375 may be configured to perform operations related to Figure 1 Various aspects related to the RIS state-based positioning / sensing component 199.

[0080] Figure 4 FIG4 is a diagram illustrating an example of UE positioning based on reference signal measurement. UE 404 may be at time T SRS_TX UL-SRS 412 is sent and at time T PRS_RX Receive DL Positioning Reference Signal (PRS) (DL-PRS) 410. TRP 406 may be at time T SRS_RX Receive UL-SRS 412 and at time T PRS_TX 410. The UE 404 may receive the DL-PRS 410 before transmitting the UL-SRS 412, or may transmit the UL-SRS 412 before receiving the DL-PRS 410. In both cases, the positioning server (eg, location server 168) or the UE 404 may determine the UL-SRS 412 based on the || T SRS_RX - T PRS_TX | - |T SRS_TX -T PRS_RX || to determine RTT 414. Thus, multi-RTT positioning can utilize UE Rx-Tx time difference measurements (ie, |T SRS_TX - T PRS_RX |) and DL-PRS reference signal received power (RSRP) (DL-PRS-RSRP), and the measured TRP Rx-Tx time difference measurement (ie, |T SRS_RX - T PRS_TX|) and UL-SRS-RSRP. UE 404 uses assistance data received from the positioning server to measure the UE Rx-Tx time difference measurement (and optionally the DL-PRS-RSRP of the received signal), and TRP 402, 406 uses assistance data received from the positioning server to measure the gNB Rx-Tx time difference measurement (and optionally the UL-SRS-RSRP of the received signal). These measurements can be used at the positioning server or UE 404 to determine the RTT, which is used to estimate the position of UE 404. Other methods for determining RTT are possible, such as, for example, using DL-TDOA and / or UL-TDOA measurements.

[0081] DL-AoD positioning can utilize the measured DL-PRS-RSRP of downlink signals received at a UE 404 from multiple TRPs 402, 406. The UE 404 uses assistance data received from a positioning server to measure the DL-PRS-RSRP of the received signals, and the resulting measurements, along with the azimuth angle of departure (A-AoD), the zenith angle of departure (Z-AoD), and other configuration information, are used to position the UE 404 relative to neighboring TRPs 402, 406.

[0082] DL-TDOA positioning may utilize the DL Reference Signal Time Difference (RSTD) (and optionally DL-PRS-RSRP) of downlink signals received at a UE 404 from multiple TRPs 402, 406. The UE 404 uses assistance data received from a positioning server to measure the DL RSTD (and optionally DL-PRS-RSRP) of the received signals, and the resulting measurements, along with other configuration information, are used to position the UE 404 relative to neighboring TRPs 402, 406.

[0083] UL-TDOA positioning can utilize the UL relative time of arrival (RTOA) (and optionally UL-SRS-RSRP) of uplink signals transmitted from the UE 404 at multiple TRPs 402, 406. The TRPs 402, 406 use assistance data received from a positioning server to measure the UL-RTOA (and optionally UL-SRS-RSRP) of the received signals, and the resulting measurements, along with other configuration information, are used to estimate the position of the UE 404.

[0084] UL-AoA positioning can utilize the measured azimuth angle of arrival (A-AoA) and zenith angle of arrival (Z-AoA) of uplink signals transmitted from the UE 404 at multiple TRPs 402, 406. The TRPs 402, 406 use assistance data received from a positioning server to measure the A-AoA and Z-AoA of the received signals, and the resulting measurements are used along with other configuration information to estimate the position of the UE 404.

[0085] Additional positioning methods may be used to estimate the position of the UE 404, such as, for example, UE-side UL-AoD and / or DL-AoA. It should be noted that data / measurements from various techniques may be combined in various ways to increase accuracy, determine and / or enhance certainty, supplement / refine measurements, and / or replace / provide missing information.

[0086] In addition to network-based UE positioning techniques, wireless devices (e.g., UEs, access points (APs), etc.) may also be configured to include sensing capabilities, where the wireless device may be able to sense (e.g., detect and / or track) one or more objects or target entities within an area or environment based on radio frequency. An environment may refer to a specific geographic area or location, particularly one affected by human activity, or the circumstances, objects, or conditions surrounding it. For example, a wireless device may include radar capabilities (which may be referred to as "RF sensing" and / or "cellular-based RF sensing"), where the wireless device may transmit a reference signal (e.g., a radar reference signal (RSS)) and measure the reference signal reflected from one or more objects (e.g., structures, walls, living objects, and / or objects in the environment). Based on these measurements, the wireless device may determine or estimate the distance between the wireless device and the one or more objects and / or obtain environmental information associated with its surroundings. In another example, a first wireless device may receive a signal transmitted from a second wireless device, where the first wireless device may determine or estimate the distance between the first and second wireless devices based on the received signal. For example, a tracking device (e.g., a Bluetooth tracker, an item tracker, an asset tracking device, etc.) can be configured to regularly transmit a signal (e.g., a beacon signal) or a small amount of data to a receiving device, enabling the receiving device to monitor the location or relative distance of the tracking device. Thus, a user can track the location of an item (e.g., a car key, a wallet, a remote control, etc.) by attaching the tracking device to the item. For the purposes of this disclosure, a device / apparatus capable of performing sensing (e.g., transmitting and / or receiving signals for detecting at least one object or for estimating the distance between the device and at least one object) may be referred to as a "sensing device," "sensing node," or "sensing entity." For example, a sensing device may be a UE, an AP device (e.g., a Wi-Fi router), a base station, a component of a base station, a TRP, a device capable of performing radar functions, etc. Furthermore, a target entity may be any object (e.g., a person, a vehicle, a UE, etc.) for which a positioning or sensing session is performed, for example, to determine its location, speed, heading, physiological characteristics, etc. Furthermore, a device / apparatus capable of transmitting a signal to a sensing device for the sensing device to determine the location or relative distance of the device / apparatus may be referred to as a "tracking device," "tracker," or "tag."

[0087] For the purposes of this disclosure, a positioning session may refer to the transmission, reception, and measurement of reference signals for the purpose of determining a positioning result or state (e.g., position, heading, velocity, etc.) of a target entity. An RF sensing session may refer to the transmission, reception, and measurement of reference signals for the purpose of determining a sensing result or state (e.g., a change in the environment) of an environment including a target entity, at least one physiological characteristic of the target entity, the position of the target entity, the velocity of the target entity, the heading of the target entity, etc.

[0088] Massive MIMO can help improve the throughput of wireless communication systems. Beamforming gain can be achieved through the use of active antenna units (AAUs). Individual RF chains can be used per antenna port. Using active antenna units (AAUs) may increase power consumption. RIS can be employed to extend coverage, for example, through beamforming, while reducing power consumption. RIS can include a large number of evenly distributed, electrically controllable elements. Each RIS element can have reconfigurable electromagnetic properties, such as reflection coefficient. Depending on the combination of configured states of the elements, the RIS can reflect and modify the incident radio waveform in a controlled manner, such as changing the reflection direction or beamwidth. RIS can function as a nearly passive device, and the reflection direction can be controlled by the base station. RIS can reflect impinging waves toward the UE in the direction indicated by the base station.

[0089] RIS can be deployed in wireless communication systems, including cellular systems such as LTE and NR. RIS can change channel realignment in a controlled manner, thereby improving channel diversity. The increased diversity provides robustness to channel blocking and fading. RIS can be more cost- and energy-efficient than wireless relay or repeater systems.

[0090] The base station can control the RIS to expand beam coverage and / or resolve congestion between the base station and the UE. Figure 5A An example is illustrated where network node 502 transmits beamformed communications to a UE using directional beams 510 and 512. UE 504a may be able to receive direct transmissions using directional beam 510. However, Figure 5A An obstruction 508 is illustrated that blocks the directional beam 512 from being received at UE 504b. Figure 5B As illustrated, network node 502 may use directional beam 514 (which may be referred to as a bumping beam) to send communications intended for UE 504b to RIS 506 for reflection to UE 504b via directional beam 516. Network node 502 may indicate the direction of beam 516 to RIS 506, and RIS 506 may reflect the bumping beam of directional beam 514 in the direction of directional beam 516.

[0091] The RIS 506 may include a plurality of RIS elements 518 configured to adjust reflection direction, beam width, and the like. Figure 6An example is illustrated in which the RIS 606 includes multiple subsets 612 of multiple RIS elements 618. As illustrated, different subsets 612 of the RIS elements 618 can serve different UEs 604. The RIS elements 618 can be controlled by a controller 625 at the RIS 606 based on control information received by the network node 602 and / or specific UEs in the different UEs 604. Figure 5B As described, the network node 602 can indicate a beam direction (e.g., any of 610a, 610b, 610c, 610d, 610e, or 610f) to the RIS 606 for reflecting beamformed communications received as impinging waves 608 in a particular direction to a particular UE among the different UEs 604. The RIS 606 can similarly be controlled by a UE (e.g., a particular UE among the different UEs 604) for reflecting communications from the UE to a base station (e.g., the network node 602) and / or to another UE.

[0092] Using RIS in cellular systems can improve communication and positioning techniques. Existing RIS-assisted positioning designs assume that RIS is deployed for positioning purposes, where control of the RIS is performed by the UE participating in the positioning session or by the LMF. This approach is referred to herein as RIS-assisted positioning because the RIS is controlled for positioning purposes.

[0093] In contrast to RIS-assisted positioning, the RIS can be deployed for communication purposes to improve coverage. In this scenario, the RIS does not participate in positioning operations and is not controlled by the UE or LMF. Instead, it is controlled by the network node for communication purposes. Furthermore, the RIS can be switched on or off by the network node, depending on the scenario, for interference control and energy conservation at the RIS. The RIS on / off behavior can be configured semi-statically by the network node. Alternatively, the RIS on / off behavior can be dynamically controlled by the network node (e.g., for interference control at neighboring cells or UEs). "On" behavior can indicate a powered-on state for the RIS, while "off" behavior can indicate a powered-off or standby state for the RIS. The powered-on state can be a power state of the RIS in which power is supplied to the RIS and enables it to perform various RIS functionalities as described herein, including controlled reflection and modification of incident radio waveforms. The powered-off state can be a power state of the RIS in which no power is supplied to the RIS (i.e., the RIS is deactivated and powered-off, so that it does not perform the RIS functionalities described herein until it is switched back to the powered-on state).

[0094] Various aspects of this disclosure relate to signaling RIS status from a network node to another network entity (such as a UE, LMF, or sensing entity). By communicating the status to the LMF or UE, the LMF can adapt the behavior of the UE and / or TRP based on the RIS status. Such techniques enable RIS state-related configuration, regardless of whether the RIS status is dynamic or semi-static. Furthermore, for sidelink (SL) positioning that does not transmit UE Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) Terrestrial Radio Access Network (UTRAN) (Uu) PRS, RIS status can be shared via SL signaling. It should be noted that various aspects described herein, such as signaling of RIS status, can be extended to RF sensing. For the purposes of this disclosure, RIS on / off behavior can be considered semi-static if configured by a network node, for example, via RRC signaling, and dynamic if configured by a network node, for example, via DCI. Configuration provided by a network node to the RIS to implement semi-static behavior can be referred to as semi-static configuration. Configuration provided by a network node to the RIS to implement dynamic behavior can be referred to as dynamic configuration.

[0095] In some aspects, if a network node semi-statically configures RIS on / off behavior, the LMF or UE can learn the RIS behavior and configure positioning or RF sensing sessions based on the expected RIS behavior. For example, the network node can signal information indicating the RIS on / off (or power state) schedule to the LMF using NR Positioning Protocol A (NRPPa), a protocol used for communication between the LMF and the network node. The RIS (or power state) schedule can take various forms. For example, the RIS schedule can include an on / off pattern starting at a specific time slot n, where n is an integer greater than or equal to zero. In another example, the RIS schedule can include a window in which the on / off pattern applies. When the configured window expires, a default RIS state (e.g., on or off, or the last time in the window) can be configured or implicitly determined. For example, assume that the network node signals the RIS behavior for the next 10 time slots to the LMF. If the LMF does not know the RIS behavior after these 10 slots, the LMF may implicitly determine (e.g., assume) that the behavior of the last slot in the window remains unchanged in subsequent slots. For example, if the RIS is off in the last slot in the window signaled to the LMF, the LMF may assume that the RIS remains off after the last slot.

[0096] For example, Figure 7 FIG7 is a diagram 700 illustrating RIS (or power state) scheduling according to various aspects of the present disclosure. Figure 7As shown, the network node may signal information indicating such a window to the LMF. For example, the information may indicate the length of the window (e.g., 20 time slots) and the RIS status of each time slot. Figure 7 In the example shown, the network node may signal to the LMF that the RIS state is on during time slots 0 to 2 and 10 to 14, and that the RIS state is off during time slots 3 to 9 and 15 to 19.

[0097] In some aspects, the RIS (or power state) scheduling information may include information indicating the operating beams of the RIS when it is in the on state. For example, the RIS scheduling information may indicate that the RIS is in the on state during a particular set of time slots (e.g., Figure 7 The number of operating beams utilized during time slots 0 to 2 or 10 to 14 as shown, the boresight directions of such beams, the beamwidths or shapes of such beams, etc.

[0098] In some aspects, the RIS on / off (or power state) schedule can be signaled to the UE. In one aspect, the LMF can use positioning SIB (pos-SIB) or LTE Positioning Protocol (LPP) signaling to signal the RIS schedule to the UE. In another aspect, the network node can use layer 1 (L1), layer 2 (L2), and / or layer 3 (L3) signaling to signal the RIS schedule to the UE. Lower layer signaling can be used for dynamic RIS state changes because it is faster to provide the RIS state using lower layer signaling when the RIS state changes dynamically.

[0099] In some aspects, the LMF configuration for UE / TRP measurements and transmissions can be a function of the RIS state and the RIS operating beam (e.g., if the RIS supports multiple beams). Since the LMF is aware of beam operation via signaling from the network node, the LMF can configure transmissions and measurements based on the RIS state. The LMF can configure different quasi-co-located (QCL) relationships for PRS transmissions for the network node based on the RIS state. For example, if the RIS is in the on state, the LMF can configure a first QCL relationship for the network node. If the RIS is in the off state, the LMF can configure a second QCL relationship for the network node that is different from the first QCL relationship. The QCL relationship can also be beam-specific. For example, if the RIS is using a first beam, the LMF can configure a first QCL relationship for the network node. If the RIS is using a second beam, the LMF can configure a second QCL relationship for the network node that is different from the first QCL relationship.

[0100] The LMF can configure different QCL relationships for SRS transmission for the UE based on the RIS state. For example, if the RIS is on, the LMF can configure a first QCL relationship for the UE. If the RIS is off, the LMF can configure a second QCL relationship for the UE that is different from the first QCL relationship. QCL relationships can also be beam-specific. For example, if the RIS is using a first beam, the LMF can configure a first QCL relationship for the UE. If the RIS is using a second beam, the LMF can configure a second QCL relationship for the UE that is different from the first QCL relationship.

[0101] For UE-assisted measurement reporting, the UE measurement and reporting configuration can be a function of the RIS state and the RIS operating beam. For example, if the RIS is off, the UE can report the reference signal time difference (RSTD) value without an additional relative time difference (RTD). If the RIS is on, the UE can report the RSTD value and at least one additional RTD. The UE can autonomously apply the RIS state-dependent configuration based on its understanding of the RIS state.

[0102] In some aspects, a UE may signal / relay the dynamic or semi-static configuration of the RIS to nearby UEs via SL signaling. A nearby UE may be out of coverage of a network node but within the coverage of the RIS, thereby being able to obtain the RIS status from the SL UE. Information about the RIS status may be useful for SL-based positioning because it affects the channels that participating UEs are expected to observe and, therefore, the selection of SL positioning session techniques to utilize. The RIS status information may be signaled at the start of a sidelink positioning session, for example, as part of Sidelink Control Information (SCI), RRC, or PC5 (or UE-to-UE) signaling.

[0103] In some aspects, the UE may indicate the RIS status via a measurement report (e.g., positioning or sensing measurement report). The measurement report may be sent to the LMF (e.g., in the case of UE-assisted positioning) or to the SL UE (e.g., in the case of sidelink positioning). Note that the LMF may or may not be informed of the RIS status (e.g., for dynamic RIS changes, notifying the LMF may not be efficient). Therefore, marking measurements with the RIS status may help the LMF handle UE measurements appropriately.

[0104] In some aspects, the identity of the RIS whose status was communicated to the UE may be based on a list of discoverable RISs for the UE (e.g., within the vicinity of the UE and / or providing coverage to the UE). The RIS may be discoverable via RIS discovery techniques. The UE may provide the list of discovered RISs to the network (e.g., a LMF or network node), and the network may provide the UE with an on / off schedule for the RISs included in the list. In other aspects, the identity of the RIS whose status was communicated to the UE may be based on the UE's area identifier (ID), followed by a potential handshake procedure between the UE and the RIS (e.g., to establish that the RIS is observable to the UE). In some aspects, a UE may provide a request to one or more other UEs to determine whether such UE has a schedule for a discovered RIS. If such a UE has such a schedule, such UE may signal such schedule to the requesting UE.

[0105] As described herein, the sensing entity of an RF sensing session may also benefit from knowledge of the RIS status and may configure transmissions / measurements accordingly.

[0106] In some aspects, the dynamic or semi-static state of the RIS can be communicated to a sensing entity in the core network (e.g., LMF 166). The sensing entity can configure the TRP and / or UE to transmit and / or receive data that depends on the RIS state. For example, certain UEs can be configured to participate in a sensing session when a certain RIS is in the on state. This participation can be achieved by transmitting a reference signal or monitoring another reference signal.

[0107] Figure 8 Depicted is a call flow diagram 800 illustrating a method of wireless communication according to various aspects of the present disclosure. Figure 8 As shown, diagram 800 includes a network node 801, an LMF 802, a first UE 804A, and a second UE 804B. The first UE 804A and the second UE 804B may be examples of UE 104, UE 350, UE 404, UE 504a, UE 504b, and a different UE 604. The network node 801 may be an example of base station 102, base station 310, TRP 402, TRP 406, network node 502, or network node 602. The LMF 802 may be an example of the LMF 166. Although various aspects are described with respect to the network node 801, these aspects may be performed by the network node 801 in an aggregate and / or by one or more components of the network node 801 (e.g., such as the CU 110, DU 130, and / or RU 140). Figure 8 As shown, at 806, the first UE 804A may send to the LMF 802 at least one of a region ID of the first UE 804A or an identifier of a RIS to which the first UE 804A is communicatively coupled.

[0108] At 808A, LMF 802 may provide at least one of a positioning session configuration or a sensing session configuration to first UE 804A based on the first power state of the RIS. The configuration may be based on a power state schedule received by LMF 802 from network node 801. Similarly, at 808B, LMF 802 may provide at least one of a positioning session configuration or a sensing session configuration to network node 801 based on the first power state of the RIS at 808B. The configuration may be based on the power state schedule received by LMF 802 from network node 801. The positioning session configuration and / or the sensing session configuration may indicate to first UE 804A and / or network node 801 to perform a set of measurements for the positioning session and / or the sensing session, respectively, on reference signals received by first UE 804A and / or network node 801, or to transmit a set of reference signals for the positioning session and / or the sensing session. In aspects where the LMF 802 provides a sensing session configuration to the first UE 804A, the sensing session configuration may configure the first UE 804A with a QCL for measurement of a sensing reference signal set based on the second power state of the RIS. In aspects where the LMF 802 provides a positioning session configuration to the network node 801, the positioning session configuration may configure the network node 801 with a QCL for measurement of a PRS set based on the second power state of the RIS.

[0109] In some aspects, at 810A, the LMF 802 may provide an indication of power state scheduling for the RIS to the first UE 804A. In other aspects, at 810B, the LMF 802 may provide an indication of power state scheduling for the RIS to the network node 801 (and / or another network node). The indication of power state scheduling for the RIS may be received based on at least the area ID of the first UE 804A or the ID of the RIS received at 806.

[0110] In some aspects, the power state schedule indicated at 810A and / or 810B may include a pattern of one or more powered-on states and one or more powered-off states of the RIS, where the pattern is associated with a particular starting time slot.

[0111] In some aspects, the power state schedule indicated at 810A and / or 810B may include a time window in which a pattern of one or more powered-on states and one or more powered-off states is applied to the RIS. In some aspects, the power state schedule indicated at 810A and 810B may include an indication of at least one of the following: a number of beams utilized by the RIS, a shape of the beams utilized by the RIS, or a direction of the beams utilized by the RIS when the RIS is in the powered-on state.

[0112] In the aspect where the network node 801 provides an indication of the power state schedule at 810A, the network node 801 may provide the indication via one of L1 signaling, L2 signaling, or L3 signaling.

[0113] In terms of providing an indication of the power state schedule from the LMF 802 at 810B, the LMF 802 may provide the indication via one of pos-SIB or LPP signaling.

[0114] In some aspects, the power state schedule indicated at 810A or 810B may be one of a dynamic power state schedule or a semi-static power state schedule.

[0115] At 812, the first UE 804A may perform at least one of a measurement set (a reference signal received for the first UE 804A (e.g., the network node 801, the RIS, or another UE (e.g., the second UE 804B)) or a transmission set (a transmission set of reference signals to the network node 801, the RIS, and / or another UE (e.g., the second UE 804B)) for at least one of the positioning session or the sensing session based on at least one of the positioning session configuration or the sensing session configuration and the power state scheduling of the RIS.

[0116] At 814, the first UE 804A may output an indication of the set of measurements performed / the set of transmissions performed. In some aspects, at 814, the first UE 804A may output the indication of at least one of the set of measurements performed or the set of transmissions performed by transmitting the indication to the LMF 802. In some aspects, at 814, the first UE 804A may output the indication of at least one of the set of measurements performed or the set of transmissions performed by storing the indication of at least one of the set of measurements performed or the set of transmissions performed in, for example, a memory or cache of the first UE 804A.

[0117] At 816, the first UE 804A may send at least one of a set of RSTD measurements or a set of RTD values to the LMF 802 based on the second power state of the RIS. For example, if the second power state of the RIS state (based on the power state schedule) is a powered-off state, the first UE 804A may report the RSTD measurements without reporting the additional RTD values. However, if the second power state of the RIS is a powered-on state, the first UE 804A may report the RSTD measurements and at least one additional RTD value.

[0118] In aspects where LMF 802 is LMF 166 , at 818 , a measurement report is sent to LMF 166 indicating the second power state of the RIS according to the power state schedule.

[0119] In some aspects, at 820, the first UE 804A may send a power state schedule to the second UE 804B via one of SCI, RRC signaling, or UE-to-UE signaling.

[0120] In an aspect where the second UE 804B is the sensing entity, at 822, the first UE 804A may send the second power state of the RIS according to the power state schedule to the sensing entity.

[0121] In an aspect where the second UE 804B is a sensing entity, at 824, the LMF 802 may send a second power state of the RIS according to the power state schedule to the sensing entity.

[0122] In some aspects, at 826, the first UE 804A may send a measurement report indicating a second power state according to the power state scheduling RIS to the second UE 804B.

[0123] Figure 9 900 is a flowchart illustrating a method of wireless communication at a first UE according to various aspects of the present disclosure. In some aspects, the UE may be UE 104, 350, 404, 504a, 504b, a different UE 604, a first UE 804A or a second UE 804B, or Figure 11 The device 1104 is implemented in hardware.

[0124] At 902, the first UE may receive at least one of a positioning session configuration or a sensing session configuration based on a first power state of the RIS. Figure 8 At 808A, the first UE 804A may receive at least one of a positioning session configuration or a sensing session configuration based on the first power state of the RIS. In one aspect, 902 may be performed by the RIS state-based positioning / sensing component 198.

[0125] In some aspects, the first UE may receive at least one of a positioning session configuration or a sensing session configuration from at least one of a network entity, a network node, or a second UE. Figure 8 , the first UE 804A may receive at least one of a positioning session configuration or a sensing session configuration from at least one of a network entity (eg, LMF 802), a network node 801, or another UE (eg, a second UE 804B).

[0126] At 904, the first UE may receive an indication of a power state schedule for the RIS. Figure 8At 810A, the first UE 804A may receive an indication of power state scheduling for the RIS from the LMF 802. Alternatively, the first UE 804A may receive an indication of power state scheduling from the network node 801 at 810B. In one aspect, 904 may be performed by the RIS state-based positioning / sensing component 198.

[0127] In some aspects, the first UE may send at least one of the area ID of the first UE or the ID of the RIS, wherein the indication of the power state scheduling of the RIS is received based at least on the area ID of the first UE or the ID of the RIS. Figure 8 At 806, the first UE 804A may send at least one of the area ID of the first UE 804A or the ID of the RIS to the LMF 802, wherein the indication of power state scheduling for the RIS received at 810A is based at least on the area ID of the first UE 804A or the ID of the RIS.

[0128] In some aspects, a power state schedule may include a pattern of one or more powered-on states and one or more powered-off states of the RIS, wherein the pattern is associated with a particular starting time slot. Figure 8 The power state schedule indicated at 810A or 810B may include a pattern of one or more powered-on states and one or more powered-off states of the RIS, where the pattern is associated with a particular starting time slot.

[0129] In some aspects, the power state schedule may include a time window in which a pattern of one or more power-on states and one or more power-off states is applied to the RIS. Figure 8 The power state schedule indicated at 810A or 810B may include a time window in which a pattern of one or more powered-up states and one or more powered-down states is applied to the RIS.

[0130] In some aspects, the power state schedule may include an indication of at least one of the following: the number of beams utilized by the RIS, the shape of the beams utilized by the RIS, or the direction of the beams utilized by the RIS when the RIS is in the powered state. Figure 8 The power state schedule indicated at 810A or 810B may include an indication of at least one of: a number of beams utilized by the RIS, a shape of beams utilized by the RIS, or a direction of beams utilized by the RIS when the RIS is in a powered state.

[0131] In some aspects, in the aspect of receiving an indication of power state scheduling from a network node, the indication may be received via one of L1 signaling, L2 signaling, or L3 signaling. For example, referring to Figure 8 At 810B, the first UE 804A may receive a power state schedule from the network node 801 via one of L1 signaling, L2 signaling, or L3 signaling.

[0132] In some aspects, in receiving an indication of power state scheduling from the LMF, the indication may be received via one of pos-SIB or LPP signaling. Figure 8 At 810A, the first UE 804A may receive a power state schedule from the LMF 802 via one of pos-SIB or LPP signaling.

[0133] In some aspects, the power state scheduling may be one of dynamic power state scheduling or semi-static power state scheduling. Figure 8 The power state scheduling indicated at 810A or 810B may be one of dynamic power state scheduling or semi-static power state scheduling. Dynamic power state scheduling may be, for example, a power state scheduling configured by a network node via DCI signaling, and semi-static power state scheduling may be, for example, a power state scheduling configured by a network node via RRC signaling.

[0134] At 906, the first UE may perform at least one of a measurement set or a transmission set for at least one of the positioning session or the sensing session based on at least one of the positioning session configuration or the sensing session configuration and the power state scheduling of the RIS. Figure 8 At 812, the first UE 804A may perform at least one of a measurement set or a transmission set for at least one of the positioning session or the sensing session based on at least one of the positioning session configuration or the sensing session configuration and the power state schedule of the RIS. In one aspect, 906 may be performed by the RIS state-based positioning / sensing component 198.

[0135] In some aspects, the first UE may output an indication of the set of measurements performed / the set of transmissions performed. Figure 8 At 814, the first UE 804A may output an indication of the set of measurements performed / the set of transmissions performed.

[0136] In some aspects, the first UE may output the indication by sending an indication of at least one of the set of measurements performed or the set of transmissions performed. Figure 8 At 814, the first UE 804A may output the indication by sending an indication of at least one of the set of measurements performed or the set of transmissions performed to the LMF 802.

[0137] In some aspects, the first UE may output an indication of at least one of the set of measurements performed or the set of transmissions performed by storing the indication in a memory or cache. Figure 8 , the first UE 804A may output the indication of at least one of the set of measurements performed or the set of transmissions performed by storing the indication in, for example, a memory or cache of the first UE 804A.

[0138] In some aspects, at 814, the first UE 804A may output an indication of at least one of the set of measurements performed or the set of transmissions performed by sending the indication to the LMF 802. In some aspects, at 814, the first UE 804A may output the indication of at least one of the set of measurements performed or the set of transmissions performed by storing the indication in, for example, a memory or cache of the first UE 804A.

[0139] In some aspects, the first UE may send at least one of a set of RSTD measurement values or a set of RTD values based on the second power state of the RIS. Figure 8 At 816, the first UE 804A may send at least one of an RSTD measurement value set or an RTD value set to the LMF 802 based on the second power state of the RIS. For example, if the second power state of the RIS state (based on the power state schedule) is a powered-off state, the first UE 804A may report the RSTD measurement value without reporting an additional RTD value. However, if the second power state of the RIS is a powered-on state, the first UE 804A may report the RSTD measurement value and at least one additional RTD value.

[0140] In some aspects, the first UE may send a power state schedule to the second UE via one of SCI, RRC signaling, or UE-to-UE signaling. Figure 8 At 820, the first UE 804A may send a power state schedule to the second UE 804B via one of SCI, RRC signaling, or UE-to-UE signaling.

[0141] In some aspects, the first UE 804A may send a measurement report of the second power state according to the power state scheduling indication RIS to the LMF. Figure 8 At 818, the first UE 804A may send a measurement report of the second power state according to the power state scheduling indication RIS to the LMF 166.

[0142] In some aspects, the first UE 804A may send a measurement report of a second power state according to the power state scheduling indication RIS to the second UE. Figure 8 At 826, the first UE 804A may send a measurement report of the second power state according to the power state scheduling indication RIS to the second UE 804B.

[0143] In some aspects, the first UE may send a second power state of the RIS according to the power state scheduling to the sensing entity. Figure 8 , the first UE 804A may send a second power state according to the power state scheduled RIS to a sensing entity (eg, the second UE 804B).

[0144] Figure 10 1000 is a flowchart illustrating a method of wireless communication at a network node according to various aspects of the present disclosure. In some aspects, the first network node may be LMF 166 or LMF 802, base station 104, base station 310, TRP 402, TRP 406, network node 502, network node 602 or network node 801, UE 104, UE 350, UE 404, UE 504a, UE 504b, a different UE 604, a first UE 804A or a second UE 804B, Figure 11 The hardware implementation of the device 1104, Figure 12 The network entity 1202 or the hardware implementation of Figure 13 The network entity 1360 in the hardware specific implementation.

[0145] At 1002, the network node may send at least one of a positioning session configuration or a sensing session configuration based on a first power state of the RIS. Figure 8 At 808A, LMF 802 may send at least one of a positioning session configuration or a sensing session configuration based on the first power state of the RIS. In one aspect, 1002 may be performed by RIS state-based positioning / sensing component 198 or RIS state-based positioning / sensing component 199.

[0146] In some aspects, to transmit at least one of a positioning session configuration or a sensing session configuration based on a first power state of the RIS, the network node may transmit at least one of the positioning session configuration or the sensing session configuration for the base station based on the first power state of the RIS. The positioning session configuration may configure a QCL for measurements of a positioning reference signal set for the base station based on a second power state of the RIS. For example, the reference signal set may be configured to be used for the measurement of the positioning reference signal set. Figure 8At 808B, in order to send at least one of a positioning session configuration or a sensing session configuration based on the first power state of the RIS, the LMF 802 may send at least one of the positioning session configuration or the sensing session configuration to the network node 801 based on the first power state of the RIS. The positioning session configuration may configure a QCL for measurement of a positioning reference signal set for the base station based on the second power state of the RIS.

[0147] In some aspects, to transmit at least one of a positioning session configuration or a sensing session configuration based on a first power state of the RIS, the network node may transmit at least one of the positioning session configuration or the sensing session configuration for the UE based on the first power state of the RIS. The sensing session configuration may configure a QCL for measurements of a sensing reference signal set for the UE based on a second power state of the RIS. For example, the reference signal set may be configured to be a QCL for measurements of a sensing reference signal set for the UE based on a second power state of the RIS. Figure 8 At 808A, to transmit at least one of a positioning session configuration or a sensing session configuration based on the first power state of the RIS, the LMF 802 may transmit at least one of the positioning session configuration or the sensing session configuration for the first UE 804A based on the first power state of the RIS. The sensing session configuration may configure a QCL for measurement of a sensing reference signal set for the first UE 804A based on the second power state of the RIS.

[0148] At 1004, the network node may send an indication of a power state schedule for the RIS. For example, referring to Figure 8 At 810A, LMF 802 may send an indication of power state scheduling for the RIS to first UE 804A. In another example, at 810B, network node 801 may send an indication of power state scheduling for the RIS to first UE 804A. In one aspect, 1004 may be performed by RIS state-based positioning / sensing component 198 or RIS state-based positioning / sensing component 199.

[0149] In the aspect that the network node is a base station, the indication of the power state scheduling may be sent from the base station via one of L1 signaling, L2 signaling or L3 signaling. Figure 8 At 810B, the network node 801 may send an indication of power state scheduling to the first UE 804A via one of L1 signaling, L2 signaling, or L3 signaling.

[0150] In the aspect that the network node is a LMF, the indication of power state scheduling may be sent from the LMF via one of pos-SIB or LPP signaling. Figure 8 At 810BA, the LMF 802 may send an indication of power state scheduling to the first UE 804A via one of pos-SIB or LPP signaling.

[0151] In some aspects, a power state schedule may include a pattern of one or more powered-on states and one or more powered-off states of the RIS, wherein the pattern is associated with a particular starting time slot. Figure 8 The power state schedule indicated at 810A or 810B may include a pattern of one or more powered-on states and one or more powered-off states of the RIS, where the pattern is associated with a particular starting time slot.

[0152] In some aspects, the power state schedule may include a time window in which a pattern of one or more power-on states and one or more power-off states is applied to the RIS. Figure 8 The power state schedule indicated at 810A or 810B may include a time window in which a pattern of one or more powered-up states and one or more powered-down states is applied to the RIS.

[0153] In some aspects, the power state schedule may include an indication of at least one of the following: the number of beams utilized by the RIS, the shape of the beams utilized by the RIS, or the direction of the beams utilized by the RIS when the RIS is in the powered state. Figure 8 The power state schedule indicated at 810A or 810B may include an indication of at least one of: a number of beams utilized by the RIS, a shape of beams utilized by the RIS, or a direction of beams utilized by the RIS when the RIS is in a powered state.

[0154] In some aspects, the network node may receive a measurement report indicating a second power state of the RIS according to the power state schedule. Figure 8 At 818, the LMF 802 may receive a measurement report from the first UE 804A.

[0155] In some aspects, the network node may receive at least one of a regional ID of the UE or an ID of the RIS, wherein the indication of the power state scheduling of the RIS is sent based at least on the regional ID of the UE or the ID of the RIS. Figure 8 At 806, the LMF 802 may receive at least one of an area ID of the first UE 804A or an ID of the RIS, wherein the indication of power state scheduling for the RIS sent at 810A is based at least on the area ID of the first UE 804A or the ID of the RIS.

[0156] In the aspect that the network node is a UE, the UE may send the second power state of the RIS according to the power state scheduling to the sensing entity. Figure 8At 820, the first UE 804A may send a second power state according to the power state scheduled RIS to a sensing entity (eg, the second UE 804B).

[0157] Figure 1111 is a diagram illustrating an example of a hardware implementation for an apparatus 1104. The apparatus 1104 may be a UE, a component of a UE, or may implement UE functionality. In some aspects, the apparatus 1104 may include a cellular baseband processor 1124 (also referred to as a modem) coupled to one or more transceivers 1122 (e.g., a cellular RF transceiver). The cellular baseband processor 1124 may include on-chip memory 1124′. In some aspects, the apparatus 1104 may also include one or more subscriber identity module (SIM) cards 1120 and an application processor 1106 coupled to a secure digital (SD) card 1108 and a screen 1110. The application processor 1106 may include on-chip memory 1106′. In some aspects, the device 1104 may further include a Bluetooth module 1112, a WLAN module 1114, an SPS module 1116 (e.g., a GNSS module), one or more sensor modules 1118 (e.g., a barometric pressure sensor / altimeter; a motion sensor such as an inertial measurement unit (IMU), a gyroscope, and / or an accelerometer; light detection and ranging (LIDAR), radio-aided detection and ranging (RADAR), sound navigation and ranging (SONAR), a magnetometer, audio, and / or other technologies for positioning), an additional memory module 1126, a power source 1130, and / or a camera 1132. The Bluetooth module 1112, the WLAN module 1114, and the SPS module 1116 may include an on-chip transceiver (TRX) (or, in some cases, only a receiver (RX)). The Bluetooth module 1112, the WLAN module 1114, and the SPS module 1116 may include their own dedicated antennas and / or utilize an antenna 1180 for communication. The cellular baseband processor 1124 communicates with the UE 104, the core network 120, and / or RUs associated with the network entity 1102 via one or more antennas 1180 through the transceiver 1122. The cellular baseband processor 1124 and the application processor 1106 may each include computer-readable media / memory 1124', 1106', respectively. The additional memory module 1126 may also be considered a computer-readable medium / memory. Each computer-readable medium / memory 1124', 1106', 1126 may be non-transitory. The cellular baseband processor 1124 and the application processor 1106 are each responsible for general processing, including executing software stored on the computer-readable medium / memory. When executed by the cellular baseband processor 1124 / application processor 1106, the software enables the cellular baseband processor 1124 / application processor 1106 to perform the various functions described above. The computer-readable medium / memory may also be used to store data manipulated by the cellular baseband processor 1124 / application processor 1106 when executing the software.The cellular baseband processor 1124 / application processor 1106 may be a component of the UE 350 and may include the memory 360 and / or at least one of the TX processor 368, the RX processor 356, and the controller / processor 359. In one configuration, the device 1104 may be a processor chip (modem and / or applications) and include only the cellular baseband processor 1124 and / or the application processor 1106, while in another configuration, the device 1104 may be the entire UE (e.g., see. Figure 3 UE 350 ) and includes additional modules of device 1104.

[0158] As discussed above, component 198 can be configured to: receive at least one of a positioning session configuration or a sensing session configuration based on a first power state of the RIS; receive an indication of a power state schedule for the RIS; and perform at least one of a measurement set or a transmission set for at least one of the positioning session or the sensing session based on at least one of the positioning session configuration or the sensing session configuration and the power state schedule for the RIS. Component 198 can also be configured to transmit at least one of the positioning session configuration or the sensing session configuration based on the first power state of the RIS and transmit the indication of the power state schedule for the RIS. Component 198 can be configured to perform in conjunction with Figure 9 and Figure 10 The various aspects described in the flowchart in and / or by the first UE 804A in Figure 8Component 198 may be within the cellular baseband processor 1124, the application processor 1106, or both. Component 198 may be one or more hardware components specifically configured to perform the recited processes / algorithms, implemented by one or more processors configured to perform the recited processes / algorithms, stored on a computer-readable medium for implementation by one or more processors, or some combination thereof. As shown, apparatus 1104 may include various components configured for various functions. In one configuration, apparatus 1104, and in particular, cellular baseband processor 1124 and / or application processor 1106, may include: means for receiving at least one of a positioning session configuration or a sensing session configuration based on a first power state of a RIS; means for receiving an indication of a power state schedule for the RIS; and means for performing at least one of a measurement set or a transmission set for at least one of the positioning session or the sensing session based on at least one of the positioning session configuration or the sensing session configuration and the power state schedule for the RIS. In another configuration, the apparatus 1104, and in particular the cellular baseband processor 1124 and / or the application processor 1106, may include: means for transmitting at least one of a positioning session configuration or a sensing session configuration based on a first power state of the RIS; and means for transmitting an indication of a power state schedule for the RIS. The means may be the component 198 of the apparatus 1104 configured to perform the functions recited by the means. As described above, the apparatus 1104 may include the TX processor 368, the RX processor 356, and the controller / processor 359. Thus, in one configuration, the means may be the TX processor 368, the RX processor 356, and / or the controller / processor 359 configured to perform the functions recited by the means.

[0159] Figure 12Figure 1200 illustrates an example hardware implementation for a network entity 1202. Network entity 1202 may be a base station (BS), a component of a BS, or may implement BS functionality. Network entity 1202 may include at least one of a CU 1210, a DU 1230, or a RU 1240. For example, depending on the layer functionality handled by component 199, network entity 1202 may include a CU 1210; both the CU 1210 and the DU 1230; each of the CU 1210, the DU 1230, and the RU 1240; the DU 1230; both the DU 1230 and the RU 1240; or the RU 1240. CU 1210 may include a CU processor 1212. CU processor 1212 may include on-chip memory 1212′. In some aspects, CU 1210 may also include an additional memory module 1214 and a communication interface 1218. The CU 1210 communicates with the DU 1230 via a midhaul link, such as an F1 interface. The DU 1230 may include a DU processor 1232. The DU processor 1232 may include on-chip memory 1232′. In some aspects, the DU 1230 may also include an additional memory module 1234 and a communication interface 1238. The DU 1230 communicates with the RU 1240 via a fronthaul link. The RU 1240 may include a RU processor 1242. The RU processor 1242 may include on-chip memory 1242′. In some aspects, the RU 1240 may also include an additional memory module 1244, one or more transceivers 1246, an antenna 1280, and a communication interface 1248. The RU 1240 communicates with the UE 104. On-chip memories 1212', 1232', 1242' and additional memory modules 1214, 1234, 1244 can each be considered a computer-readable medium / memory. Each computer-readable medium / memory can be non-transitory. Each of processors 1212, 1232, 1242 is responsible for general processing, including executing software stored on the computer-readable medium / memory. When executed by the corresponding processor, the software causes the processor to perform the various functions described above. The computer-readable medium / memory can also be used to store data manipulated by the processor when executing the software.

[0160] As discussed above, component 199 may be configured to send at least one of a positioning session configuration or a sensing session configuration based on a first power state of the RIS and send an indication of a power state schedule for the RIS. Component 199 may be configured to perform in conjunction with Figure 10 The various aspects described in the flowchart in and / or by the network node 801 in Figure 8Component 199 may be within one or more processors of one or more of CU 1210, DU 1230, and RU 1240. Component 199 may be one or more hardware components specifically configured to perform the recited processes / algorithms, implemented by one or more processors configured to perform the recited processes / algorithms, stored on a computer-readable medium for implementation by one or more processors, or some combination thereof. Network entity 1202 may include various components configured for various functions. In one configuration, network entity 1202 may include: means for sending at least one of a positioning session configuration or a sensing session configuration based on a first power state of a RIS; and means for sending an indication of a power state schedule for the RIS. A component may be component 199 of network entity 1202 configured to perform the functions recited by the component. As described above, network entity 1202 may include TX processor 316, RX processor 370, and controller / processor 375. Thus, in one configuration, a component may be the TX Processor 316, the RX Processor 370, and / or the controller / processor 375 configured to perform the functions recited by the component.

[0161] Figure 13 Diagram 1300 illustrates an example hardware implementation for a network entity 1360. In one example, network entity 1360 may be within core network 120. Network entity 1360 may include a network processor 1312. Network processor 1312 may include on-chip memory 1312′. In some aspects, network entity 1360 may also include an additional memory module 1314. Network entity 1360 communicates with CU 1302 and UE 104 via network interface 1380, either directly (e.g., via a backhaul link) or indirectly (e.g., via a RIC). On-chip memory 1312′ and additional memory module 1314 may each be considered a computer-readable medium / memory. Each computer-readable medium / memory may be non-transitory. Processor 1312 is responsible for general processing, including executing software stored on the computer-readable medium / memory. This software, when executed by the corresponding processor, enables the processor to perform the various functions described above. The computer-readable medium / memory may also be used to store data manipulated by the processor when executing the software.

[0162] As discussed above, component 199 may be configured to send at least one of a positioning session configuration or a sensing session configuration based on a first power state of the RIS and send an indication of a power state schedule for the RIS. Component 199 may be configured to perform in conjunction with Figure 10 The various aspects described in the flowcharts in and / or by LMF 802 in Figure 813. Any of the aspects performed in the communication flow in . Component 199 may be within processor 1312. Component 199 may be one or more hardware components specifically configured to perform the recited processes / algorithms, implemented by one or more processors configured to perform the recited processes / algorithms, stored in a computer-readable medium for implementation by one or more processors, or some combination thereof. Network entity 1360 may include a variety of components configured for various functions. In one configuration, network entity 1360 may include: a component for sending at least one of a positioning session configuration or a sensing session configuration based on a first power state of the RIS; and a component for sending an indication of a power state schedule for the RIS. A component may be component 199 of network entity 1360 configured to perform the functions recited by the component.

[0163] Various aspects generally relate to positioning systems. Some aspects more specifically relate to positioning or RF sensing based on the state of a RIS. In some examples, a network entity (e.g., a location management function (LMF)) may provide a positioning and / or sensing session configuration to a UE for a positioning and / or sensing session based on the state (e.g., power state) of a RIS communicatively coupled to or in the vicinity of the UE. The network entity may also provide a power state schedule for the RIS to the UE. The power state schedule may indicate one or more states of the RIS for a specific (e.g., future) time period. The UE may be configured to perform positioning and / or sensing actions based on the positioning and / or sensing session configuration and the states indicated in the power state schedule. For example, the UE may be configured to perform a measurement set (e.g., for reference signals received by the UE) or a transmission set (e.g., a transmission set of reference signals) for the positioning and / or sensing session.

[0164] Certain aspects of the subject matter described in this disclosure can be implemented to achieve one or more of the following potential advantages. In some examples, by utilizing power state scheduling, a network entity can adapt the behavior of a UE based on the state of a RIS. For example, if a particular RIS is in a powered-on state, the network entity can configure the UE to participate in a positioning and / or sensing session, and if the RIS is in a powered-off state, the network entity can configure the UE to not participate in the positioning and / or sensing session. By selectively enabling or not participating in a positioning and / or sensing session, the UE can save computing resources (e.g., processing cycles, memory, power, etc.) by limiting the performance of reference signal measurements and / or reference signal transmissions when the RIS is in a powered-off state.

[0165] It should be understood that the specific order or hierarchy of the blocks in the disclosed process / flowchart is merely illustrative of an exemplary method. It should be understood that the specific order or hierarchy of the blocks in the process / flowchart may be rearranged based on design preferences. In addition, some blocks may be combined or omitted. The accompanying method claims provide elements of the various blocks in a sample order, but are not limited to the specific order or hierarchy provided.

[0166] The foregoing description is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to practice the various aspects described herein. Various modifications to these aspects will be apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein can be applied to other aspects. Therefore, the claims are not limited to the various aspects described herein, but should be given the full scope consistent with the language claims. Unless otherwise specified, reference to an element in the singular does not mean "one and only one", but "one or more". Terms such as "if", "when" and "while" do not mean a direct temporal relationship or reaction. That is, these phrases, such as "when...", do not mean immediate action in response to the occurrence of an action or during the occurrence of an action, but simply imply that if the conditions are met, the action will occur, but there is no need for a specific or immediate time limit for the occurrence of the action. The word "exemplary" is used in this article to mean "used as an example, instance, or illustration". Any aspect described as "exemplary" herein is not necessarily interpreted as being preferred or having advantages over other aspects. Unless otherwise specified, the term "some" refers to one or more. Combinations such as “at least one of A, B, or C,” “one or more of A, B, or C,” “at least one of A, B, and C,” “one or more of A, B, and C,” and “A, B, C, or any combination thereof” include any combination of A, B, and / or C and may include multiple A’s, multiple B’s, or multiple C’s. Specifically, combinations such as “at least one of A, B, or C,” “one or more of A, B, or C,” “at least one of A, B, and C,” “one or more of A, B, and C,” and “A, B, C, or any combination thereof” may be only A, only B, only C, A and B, A and C, B and C, or A, B, and C, where any such combination may include one or more members of A, B, or C. A set should be interpreted as a set of elements, where the number of elements is one or more. Thus, for a set of X, X will include one or more elements. If a first device receives data from or sends data to a second device, the data may be received / sent directly between the first and second devices, or indirectly between the first and second devices via a collection of devices. A device configured to "output" data (such as a transmission, signal, or message) may, for example, transmit the data using a transceiver, or may transmit the data to the device that transmitted the data. A device configured to "obtain" data (such as a transmission, signal, or message) may, for example, receive the data using a transceiver, or may obtain the data from the device that received the data. Information stored in a memory includes instructions and / or data. All structural and functional equivalents to the elements of the various aspects described throughout this disclosure that are or later become known to those of ordinary skill in the art are expressly incorporated herein by reference and are encompassed by the claims.Furthermore, nothing disclosed herein is intended to be dedicated to the public, regardless of whether such disclosure is explicitly recited in the claims. Words such as "module," "mechanism," "element," and "device" are not intended to replace the word "component." Thus, no claim element will be construed as part-plus-function unless the element is explicitly recited using the phrase "means for..."

[0167] As used herein, the phrase "based on" should not be interpreted as referring to a closed set of information, one or more conditions, one or more factors, etc. In other words, the phrase "based on A" (where "A" can be information, a condition, a factor, etc.) should be interpreted as "based at least on A" unless specifically stated differently.

[0168] The following aspects are merely illustrative and may be combined with other aspects or teachings described herein without limitation.

[0169] Aspect 1 is a method for wireless communication at a first UE, the method comprising receiving at least one of a positioning session configuration or a sensing session configuration based on a first power state of a RIS; receiving an indication of a power state scheduling of the RIS; and performing at least one of a measurement set or a transmission set for at least one of the positioning session or the sensing session based on at least one of the positioning session configuration or the sensing session configuration and the power state scheduling of the RIS.

[0170] Aspect 2 is a method according to aspect 1, further comprising: outputting an indication of at least one of a set of measurements performed or a set of transmissions performed for at least one of the positioning session or the sensing session.

[0171] Aspect 3 is a method according to aspect 2, wherein outputting the indication of at least one of the set of measurements performed or the set of transmissions performed includes: sending the indication of at least one of the set of measurements performed or the set of transmissions performed.

[0172] Aspect 4 is a method according to Aspect 2, wherein outputting the indication of at least one of the set of measurements performed or the set of transmissions performed includes: storing the indication of at least one of the set of measurements performed or the set of transmissions performed in a first memory or cache.

[0173] Aspect 5 is a method according to any one of aspects 1 to 4, wherein the power state schedule includes a pattern of one or more powered-on states and one or more powered-off states of the RIS, wherein the pattern is associated with a specific starting time slot.

[0174] Aspect 6 is a method according to any one of aspects 1 to 5, wherein the power state schedule includes a time window in which a pattern of one or more power-on states and one or more power-off states is applied to the RIS.

[0175] Aspect 7 is a method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 6, wherein the power state schedule includes an indication of at least one of the following: the number of beams utilized by the RIS when the RIS is in a powered-on state, the shape of the beams utilized by the RIS, or the direction of the beams utilized by the RIS.

[0176] Aspect 8 is a method according to any one of aspects 1 to 7, wherein the indication of the power state scheduling is received from a network node via one of L1 signaling, L2 signaling, or L3 signaling.

[0177] Aspect 9 is a method according to any one of aspects 1 to 8, wherein the indication of the power state scheduling is received from the LMF via one of pos-SIB or LPP signaling.

[0178] Aspect 10 is a method according to any one of aspects 1 to 9, further comprising: transmitting at least one of an RSTD measurement value set or an RTD value set based on the second power state of the RIS.

[0179] Aspect 11 is a method according to any one of aspects 1 to 10, wherein the power state scheduling is one of a dynamic configuration or a semi-static configuration.

[0180] Aspect 12 is a method according to any one of aspects 1 to 11, the method further comprising: sending the power state schedule to the second UE via one of SCI, RRC signaling, or UE-to-UE signaling.

[0181] Aspect 13 is a method according to any one of aspects 1 to 12, the method further comprising: sending a measurement report to the LMF indicating the second power state of the RIS according to the power state scheduling.

[0182] Aspect 14 is a method according to any one of aspects 1 to 13, the method further comprising: sending a measurement report to a second UE indicating a second power state of the RIS according to the power state scheduling.

[0183] Aspect 15 is a method according to any one of aspects 1 to 14, wherein receiving at least one of the positioning session configuration or the sensing session configuration includes: receiving at least one of the positioning session configuration or the sensing session configuration from at least one of a network entity, a network node or a second UE.

[0184] Aspect 16 is a method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 15, the method further comprising: sending at least one of an area identifier of the first UE or an identifier of the RIS, wherein the indication of the power state scheduling of the RIS is received based at least on the area identifier of the first UE or the identifier of the RIS.

[0185] Aspect 17 is a method according to any one of aspects 1 to 16, further comprising: sending a second power state of the RIS according to the power state schedule to a sensing entity.

[0186] Aspect 18 is a method of wireless communication at a network node, the method comprising sending at least one of a positioning session configuration or a sensing session configuration based on a first power state of a RIS; and sending an indication of a power state schedule for the RIS.

[0187] Aspect 19 is the method according to aspect 18, wherein the network node is a LMF, a base station or a UE.

[0188] Aspect 20 is a method according to aspect 19, wherein the network node is the base station, and wherein the indication of the power state scheduling is sent from the base station via one of L1 signaling, L2 signaling, or L3 signaling.

[0189] Aspect 21 is the method according to aspect 19, wherein the network node is the LMF, and wherein the indication of the power state scheduling is sent by the LMF via one of pos-SIB or LPP signaling.

[0190] Aspect 22 is a method according to any one of Aspects 18 to 21, wherein sending at least one of the positioning session configuration or the sensing session configuration based on the first power state of the RIS includes: sending at least one of the positioning session configuration or the sensing session configuration to the base station based on the first power state of the RIS, wherein the positioning session configuration configures the QCL for measurement of the positioning reference signal set for the base station based on the second power state of the RIS.

[0191] Aspect 23 is a method according to any one of Aspects 18 to 21, wherein sending at least one of the positioning session configuration or the sensing session configuration based on the first power state of the RIS includes: sending at least one of the positioning session configuration or the sensing session configuration to the UE based on the first power state of the RIS, wherein the sensing session configuration configures the QCL for measurement of a sensing reference signal set for the UE based on the second power state of the RIS.

[0192] Aspect 24 is a method according to any one of aspects 18 to 23, wherein the power state schedule includes a pattern of one or more powered-on states and one or more powered-off states of the RIS, wherein the pattern is associated with a specific starting time slot.

[0193] Aspect 25 is a method according to any one of aspects 18 to 24, wherein the power state schedule includes a time window in which a pattern of one or more power-on states and one or more power-off states is applied to the RIS.

[0194] Aspect 26 is a method according to any one of aspects 18 to 25, wherein the power state schedule includes an indication of at least one of the following: the number of beams utilized by the RIS when the RIS is in a powered-on state, the shape of the beams utilized by the RIS, or the direction of the beams utilized by the RIS.

[0195] Aspect 27 is a method according to any one of aspects 18 to 26, further comprising: receiving a measurement report indicating a second power state of the RIS according to the power state schedule.

[0196] Aspect 28 is a method according to any one of aspects 18 to 27, the method further comprising: receiving at least one of an area identifier of the UE or an identifier of the RIS, wherein the indication of the power state scheduling of the RIS is sent based at least on the area identifier of the UE or the identifier of the RIS.

[0197] Aspect 29 is a method according to any one of aspects 18 to 28, further comprising: sending a second power state of the RIS according to the power state schedule to a sensing entity.

[0198] Aspect 30 is an apparatus for wireless communication at a first UE. The apparatus includes: a memory; and at least one processor, the at least one processor being coupled to the memory and configured to implement any one of aspects 1 to 17 based at least in part on information stored in the memory.

[0199] Aspect 31 is the apparatus of aspect 30, further comprising: at least one of a transceiver or an antenna coupled to the at least one processor.

[0200] Aspect 32 is an apparatus for wireless communication at a network node. The apparatus includes: a memory; and at least one processor, the at least one processor being coupled to the memory and configured to implement any one of aspects 18 to 29 based at least in part on information stored in the memory.

[0201] Aspect 33 is the apparatus of aspect 32, further comprising: at least one of a transceiver or an antenna coupled to the at least one processor.

[0202] Aspect 34 is an apparatus for wireless communication, comprising: means for implementing any one of aspects 1 to 17.

[0203] Aspect 35 is an apparatus for wireless communication, comprising: means for implementing any one of aspects 18 to 29.

[0204] Aspect 36 is a computer-readable medium (eg, non-transitory computer-readable medium) storing computer-executable code, wherein the code, when executed by a processor, causes the processor to implement any one of aspects 1 to 17.

[0205] Aspect 37 is a computer-readable medium (eg, non-transitory computer-readable medium) storing computer-executable code, wherein the code, when executed by a processor, causes the processor to implement any one of aspects 18 to 29.

Claims

1. An apparatus for wireless communication at a first user equipment (UE), the apparatus comprising: Memory; and at least one processor coupled to the memory and, based at least in part on information stored in the memory, configured to: receiving at least one of a positioning session configuration or a sensing session configuration based on a first power state of a reconfigurable smart surface (RIS); receiving an indication of a power state schedule for the RIS; as well as At least one of a measurement set or a transmission set for at least one of a positioning session or a sensing session is performed based on at least one of the positioning session configuration or the sensing session configuration and the power state schedule of the RIS.

2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: An indication of at least one of a set of measurements performed or a set of transmissions performed for at least one of the positioning session or the sensing session is output.

3. The apparatus of claim 2 , wherein to output the indication of at least one of the set of measurements performed or the set of transmissions performed, the at least one processor is configured to: The indication of at least one of the set of measurements performed or the set of transmissions performed is sent.

4. The apparatus of claim 2 , wherein to output the indication of at least one of the set of measurements performed or the set of transmissions performed, the at least one processor is configured to: The indication of at least one of the set of measurements performed or the set of transmissions performed is stored in a first memory or cache.

5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the power state schedule comprises a pattern of one or more powered-on states and one or more powered-off states of the RIS, wherein the pattern is associated with a particular starting time slot.

6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the power state schedule comprises a time window in which a pattern of one or more powered-up states and one or more powered-down states is applied to the RIS.

7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the power state schedule comprises an indication of at least one of: a number of beams of the RIS, a shape of the beams of the RIS, or a direction of the beams of the RIS when the RIS is in a powered-on state.

8. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein to receive the indication of the power state schedule, the at least one processor is configured to receive the indication of the power state schedule from a network node via one of layer 1 (L1) signaling, layer 2 (L2) signaling, or layer 3 (L3) signaling.

9. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein to receive the indication of the power state scheduling, the at least one processor is configured to receive the indication of the power state scheduling from a location management function (LMF) via one of a positioning system information block (pos-SIB) or long term evolution (LTE) positioning protocol (LPP) signaling.

10. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: At least one of a set of reference signal time difference (RSTD) measurements or a set of relative time difference (RTD) values is sent based on a second power state of the RIS.

11. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the power state scheduling is one of a dynamic configuration or a semi-static configuration.

12. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: The power state schedule is sent to the second UE via one of sidelink control information (SCI), radio resource control (RRC) signaling, or UE-to-UE signaling.

13. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: A measurement report is sent to a location management function (LMF) indicating a second power state of the RIS according to the power state schedule.

14. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: A measurement report is sent to a second UE, indicating a second power state of the RIS according to the power state scheduling.

15. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein to receive at least one of the positioning session configuration or the sensing session configuration, the at least one processor is configured to: At least one of the positioning session configuration or the sensing session configuration is received from at least one of a network entity, a network node, or a second UE.

16. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: sending at least one of an area identifier of the first UE or an identifier of the RIS, wherein to receive the indication of the power state scheduling for the RIS, the at least one processor is configured to receive the indication of the power state scheduling for the RIS based at least on the area identifier of the first UE or the identifier of the RIS.

17. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: A second power state of the RIS according to the power state schedule is sent to a sensing entity.

18. An apparatus for wireless communication at a network node, the apparatus comprising: Memory; and at least one processor coupled to the memory and, based at least in part on information stored in the memory, configured to: transmitting at least one of a positioning session configuration or a sensing session configuration based on a first power state of a reconfigurable smart surface (RIS); and An indication of a power state schedule for the RIS is sent.

19. The apparatus of claim 18, wherein the network node is a location management function (LMF), a base station, or a user equipment (UE).

20. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein the network node is the base station, and wherein to send the indication of the power state schedule, the at least one processor is configured to send the indication of the power state schedule from the base station via one of layer 1 (L1) signaling, layer 2 (L2) signaling, or layer 3 (L3) signaling.

21. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein the network node is the LMF, and wherein to send the indication of the power state schedule, the at least one processor is configured to send the indication of the power state schedule from the LMF via one of a positioning system information block (pos-SIB) or long term evolution (LTE) positioning protocol (LPP) signaling.

22. The apparatus of claim 18, wherein to send at least one of the positioning session configuration or the sensing session configuration based on the first power state of the RIS, the at least one processor is configured to: At least one of the positioning session configuration or the sensing session configuration is sent for a base station based on the first power state of the RIS, wherein the positioning session configuration configures quasi co-location (QCL) for measurement of a positioning reference signal set for the base station based on a second power state of the RIS.

23. The apparatus of claim 18, wherein to send at least one of the positioning session configuration or the sensing session configuration based on the first power state of the RIS, the at least one processor is configured to: At least one of the positioning session configuration or the sensing session configuration is sent for a user equipment (UE) based on the first power state of the RIS, wherein the sensing session configuration configures quasi co-location (QCL) for measurement of a sensing reference signal set for the UE based on a second power state of the RIS.

24. The apparatus of claim 18, wherein the power state schedule comprises a pattern of one or more powered-on states and one or more powered-off states of the RIS, wherein the pattern is associated with a particular starting time slot.

25. The apparatus of claim 18, wherein the power state schedule comprises a time window in which a pattern of one or more powered-up states and one or more powered-down states is applied to the RIS.

26. The apparatus of claim 18, wherein the power state schedule comprises an indication of at least one of: a number of beams of the RIS, a shape of the beams of the RIS, or a direction of the beams of the RIS when the RIS is in a powered-on state.

27. The apparatus of claim 18, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: A measurement report is received indicating a second power state of the RIS according to the power state schedule.

28. The apparatus of claim 18, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: receiving at least one of an area identifier of a user equipment (UE) or an identifier of the RIS, wherein to send the indication of the power state scheduling for the RIS, the at least one processor is configured to send the indication of the power state scheduling for the RIS based on at least the area identifier of the UE or the identifier of the RIS.

29. A method of wireless communication at a first user equipment (UE), the method comprising: receiving at least one of a positioning session configuration or a sensing session configuration based on a first power state of a reconfigurable smart surface (RIS); receiving an indication of a power state schedule for the RIS; as well as At least one of a measurement set or a transmission set for at least one of a positioning session or a sensing session is performed based on at least one of the positioning session configuration or the sensing session configuration and the power state schedule of the RIS.

30. A method of wireless communication at a network node, the method comprising: transmitting at least one of a positioning session configuration or a sensing session configuration based on a first power state of a reconfigurable smart surface (RIS); as well as An indication of a power state schedule for the RIS is sent.

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