Crop straw pre-fermentation pretreatment device and treatment process

Abstract

The invention discloses a crop straw pre-fermentation pretreatment device and a crop straw pre-fermentation treatment process, and the crop straw pre-fermentation pretreatment device comprises a crushing device used for cutting and crushing straws; the first conveying belt is used for conveying the straws into the crushing device; the second conveying belt is used for outwards conveying the straw fragments in the crushing device; a winnowing pipe is arranged in a cavity of the crushing device, the cavity of the crushing device is divided into a crushing cavity and a winnowing cavity from inside to outside through the winnowing pipe, and a stirring mechanism used for separating impurities in straw and a plurality of cutting mechanisms used for cutting and crushing the straw are sequentially arranged in the crushing cavity from top to bottom. The winnowing pipe is provided with a plurality of through holes for impurities separated from the stirring mechanism to enter the winnowing cavity, and the winnowing cavity is internally provided with a winnowing mechanism used for conveying straw entering the winnowing cavity through the through holes back into the stirring mechanism. The risk of blockage in the processing process can be reduced, and the straw cutting and crushing effect is guaranteed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of crushing devices, and in particular to a crop straw pretreatment device and a treatment process before fermentation. Background Art

[0002] Straw fermentation, also known as straw microbial fermentation and storage technology, is a straw processing method that increases the nutritional value of crop straw. Before straw fermentation, the straw needs to be cut to facilitate subsequent compaction and ensure the quality of the microbial feed.

[0003] Currently, most straw harvested from the field relies on machines to initially crush and bundle the straw. During this process, dirt, gravel, and other debris are inevitably trapped between the straw stalks, affecting the quality of the straw fragments when they are cut and crushed. Furthermore, these debris pose a risk of clogging the equipment. Therefore, before further cutting and crushing, the straw needs to be separated and removed from the debris. For example, a drum screen is used to screen the straw before a crusher is used to crush it. This requires a large amount of horizontal space for the straw processing equipment, and a conveyor belt is required between the two devices for straw transport. During transport, there is a risk that straw will detach from the conveyor belt, resulting in losses during non-processing. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The object of the present invention is to provide a device and a treatment process for pre-fermentation of crop straw, which can reduce the risk of blockage during the processing and ensure the cutting and crushing effect of the straw.

[0005] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the above problems is:

[0006] A crop straw pretreatment device before fermentation, comprising:

[0007] A crushing device, which is used to cut and crush the straw;

[0008] a first conveyor belt, which is used to convey the straw into the crushing device;

[0009] a second conveyor belt, which is used to convey the straw fragments in the crushing device outward;

[0010] In which, an air separation tube is provided in the cavity of the crushing device, and the cavity of the crushing device is separated from the inside to the outside by the air separation tube to form a crushing chamber and an air separation chamber. The crushing chamber is provided with a stirring mechanism for separating debris from the straw and several cutting mechanisms for cutting and crushing the straw from top to bottom. The cutting mechanism is provided with several cutting chambers, and the number of cutting chambers in the same cutting mechanism decreases from top to bottom. The air separation tube is provided with several through holes for allowing debris separated from the stirring mechanism to enter the air separation chamber. The air separation chamber is provided with an air separation mechanism for transporting the straw entering it through the through holes back to the stirring mechanism. The height of the top of the air separation tube is higher than the height of the top of the first conveyor belt.

[0011] As a further improvement of the above technical solution, the stirring mechanism includes a stirring disk and a guide disk. The stirring disk is rotatably connected to the body of the crushing device and is driven by external force to rotate relative to the body. A number of stirring rods are arranged in circles from the inside to the outside on the bottom surface of the stirring disk. The stirring rods on the same rotation trajectory are arranged at equal angles around the central axis of the stirring disk. The guide disk is fixedly connected to the body. The guide disk is funnel-shaped and the bottom end of the space enclosed by it is connected to the air separation chamber through a through hole. A number of limiting units are provided on the top surface of the guide disk at equal intervals along the circumference of the guide disk. The limiting units include a number of limiting plates arranged at equal intervals along the radial direction of the guide disk. There is an interval space between adjacent limiting plates in the same limiting unit for the stirring rod to pass through. The rear end of the limiting plate located on the rotation trajectory of the stirring rod is sharp, and a number of drop openings for straw to fall into the cutting mechanism are provided between the limiting units at both ends of the guide disk.

[0012] As a further improvement of the above technical solution, a diversion mechanism is provided between the stirring mechanism and the cutting mechanism. The diversion mechanism includes a diversion plate and a rotating ring. The diversion plate is fixedly connected to the machine body. The diversion plate is provided with a number of diversion ports arranged at equal angles around its central axis. The rotating ring is rotatably connected to the machine body and is driven by external force to rotate relative to the machine body. The rotating ring is provided with a number of push plates arranged at equal angles around its central axis. The push plates are vertically arranged relative to the rotating ring. The push plates are located above the diversion plate and their bottom ends are on the same horizontal plane as the top surface of the diversion plate.

[0013] As a further improvement of the above technical solution, the cutting mechanism includes a cutting ring and a toggle ring, which are both rotatably arranged on the machine body and driven by external force to rotate relative to the machine body. The cutting ring is provided with a number of cutting knives arranged at equal angles around its axis, and the machine body is provided with a number of flow limiting units arranged at equal angles around its axis. The flow limiting unit includes an upper baffle and a lower baffle, the upper baffle is located obliquely above the lower baffle, and both are provided with limit strips on their inner ends, and there is a gap between the inner ends of adjacent limit strips. A gap space is used for the cutting knife to pass through, a blade is provided on the rear end of the inner end of the limit bar located on the moving track of the cutting knife, the end faces of the outer ends of the upper baffles and lower baffles adjacent to the adjacent current limiting units are in the same vertical plane, and a cutting cavity is formed between the upper baffle, the lower baffle and the limit bar, and a plurality of toggle pieces arranged at equal angles around the axis thereof are provided on the toggle ring, the toggle pieces are inclined relative to the toggle ring, the toggle pieces are located above the current limiting unit and the bottom end thereof is in the same horizontal plane as the top surface of the upper baffle.

[0014] As a further improvement of the above technical solution, the air separation mechanism includes an exhaust fan, the air separation tube is a hollow structure with an open top and a closed bottom, the exhaust fan is fixedly connected to the cavity of the air separation tube, the top surface of the body is arc-shaped, the through hole is located above the exhaust fan and a guide plate is provided between the two, the guide plate is inclined relative to the air separation tube, a number of air holes are provided on the guide plate, an opening is provided on the bottom end of the guide plate, an air inlet and an exhaust outlet for discharging debris are provided on the side of the body, the air inlet and the bottom end of the air separation chamber are connected by an air inlet pipe, and the opening and the exhaust outlet are connected by an exhaust pipe.

[0015] As a further improvement of the above technical solution, a feed port is provided at the connection between the machine body and the first conveyor belt, the height of the opening at the top of the air separation tube is higher than the height of the feed port, and a flip cover is provided on the feed port.

[0016] As a further improvement of the above technical solution, a collecting hopper for guiding the straw processed by the cutting mechanism to be transported to the second conveyor belt is provided in the cavity of the machine body.

[0017] The present invention also provides a processing process based on the crop straw pretreatment device before fermentation according to any one of the above technical solutions, comprising the following steps:

[0018] Step 1: feeding straw, transporting bundled straw into the crushing device through the first conveyor belt;

[0019] Step 2: Debris removal: The straw is dispersed by the stirring mechanism so that the debris can be separated from the straw and enter the air separation chamber from the crushing chamber through the through hole;

[0020] Step three, graded cutting, cuts the straw processed by the stirring mechanism into pieces through multiple cutting mechanisms, and conveys the pieces to subsequent processing equipment or storage areas via a second conveyor belt.

[0021] As a further improvement of the above technical solution, in step 2, the straw entering the air separation chamber through the through hole is transported back to the stirring mechanism by the air separation mechanism.

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and effects:

[0023] (1) The present invention realizes the separation of impurities in the straw while achieving the crushing and processing of the straw by means of the structural arrangement of the stirring mechanism and the cutting mechanism surrounding the air separation mechanism in the crushing device, thereby ensuring the quality of the straw fragments after processing. In addition, due to the arrangement of the mechanisms in the vertical direction of the device, the occupation of the horizontal space is reduced, and the space requirement for the placement site of the device is lowered.

[0024] (2) The present invention achieves the effect of multiple cutting of straw by the structural arrangement of multiple cutting mechanisms in the vertical direction. Moreover, due to the different numbers of cutting cavities in different cutting mechanisms, the number of straw fragments of different sizes entering the cutting cavity is guaranteed, thereby improving the effectiveness of the cutting mechanism in cutting the straw fragments in the cutting cavity and ensuring the cutting and crushing effect of the straw.

[0025] (3) The present invention reduces the amount of straw lost in non-cutting processing by using the air separation mechanism to screen the debris and straw in the air separation chamber. In addition, the airflow from the air separation chamber into the crushing chamber during the screening process can transport the straw in a top-down flow, reducing the risk of straw causing blockage of the mechanism. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of a crop straw pretreatment device before fermentation according to the present invention.

[0027] Figure 2 It is a schematic enlarged view of the structure of a part of a device for pre-fermentation of crop straw according to the present invention.

[0028] Figure 3 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the structure of a crop straw pretreatment device before fermentation according to the present invention from perspective one.

[0029] Figure 4 yes Figure 3 The enlarged schematic diagram of the local structure of the stirring mechanism is shown in FIG.

[0030] Figure 5 It is a schematic enlarged view of the structure of part 2 of a device for pre-fermentation of crop straw according to the present invention.

[0031] Figure 6 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the structure of a crop straw pretreatment device before fermentation according to the present invention from perspective two.

[0032] Figure 7 yes Figure 6 The enlarged schematic diagram of the local structure of the cutting mechanism is shown in FIG.

[0033] Figure 8 yes Figure 7 The enlarged schematic diagram of the local structure of the air separation tube is shown in the figure.

[0034] Figure 9 This is a schematic enlarged view of the structure of part three of a device for pre-fermentation of crop straw according to the present invention.

[0035] Figure 10 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the structure of a crop straw pretreatment device before fermentation according to the present invention from perspective three.

[0036] Figure 11 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the structure of a crop straw pretreatment device before fermentation according to the present invention from perspective three.

[0037] Among them, the crushing device 11, the first conveyor belt 12, the second conveyor belt 13, the body 14, the feed port 15, the flip cover 16, the collecting hopper 17, the air separation tube 2, the through hole 21, the perforation 22, the crushing chamber 31, the air separation chamber 32, the cutting chamber 33, the separation space 34, the air induction channel 35, the stirring mechanism 4, the stirring plate 41, the guide plate 42, the stirring rod 43, the limiting unit 44, the limiting plate 45, the interval space 46, the sharp shape 47, the drop port 48, the partition 49, the cutting mechanism 5, the cutting ring 51, A toggle ring 52, a cutting knife 53, a toggle plate 54, an air selection mechanism 6, an exhaust fan 61, an arc surface 62, a guide plate 63, an air vent 64, an opening 65, an air inlet 66, an outlet 67, an air inlet pipe 68, an outlet pipe 69, a diverter mechanism 7, a diverter plate 71, a rotating ring 72, a diverter port 73, a pushing plate 74, a current limiting unit 8, an upper baffle 81, a lower baffle 82, a limiting strip 83, a gap space 84, a blade 85, a driving mechanism 9, a rotating shaft 91, a motor 92, and a gear transmission mechanism 93. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and through examples. The following examples are intended to explain the present invention but the present invention is not limited to the following examples.

[0039] See also Figures 1-10The present embodiment provides a pre-fermentation device for crop straw, comprising a crushing device 11 for cutting and crushing straw, a first conveyor belt 12 for conveying straw into the crushing device 11, and a second conveyor belt 13 for conveying straw fragments outward from the crushing device 11. An air separation pipe 2 is provided at the center of the cavity of the crushing device 11. The cavity of the crushing device 11 is divided from the inside to the outside by the air separation pipe 2 to form a crushing chamber 31 and an air separation chamber 32. A mixer for separating debris (such as soil blocks, gravel, etc.) from the straw is provided in the crushing chamber 31 from top to bottom. The invention relates to a mixing mechanism 4 and a plurality of cutting mechanisms 5 for cutting and crushing the straw. The cutting mechanism 5 is provided with a plurality of cutting chambers 33. The number of cutting chambers 33 in the same cutting mechanism 5 decreases from top to bottom. The air separation tube 2 is provided with a plurality of through holes 21 for allowing the debris separated from the stirring mechanism 4 to enter the air separation chamber 32. The through holes 21 are arranged at equal angles around the central axis of the air separation tube 2. The air separation chamber 32 is provided with an air separation mechanism 6 for transporting the straw entering therein through the through holes 21 back to the stirring mechanism 4. The height of the top of the air separation tube 2 is higher than the height of the top of the first conveyor belt 12.

[0040] During use, the bundled straw (i.e., the bundled straw that has been preliminarily crushed by the straw baler) is conveyed into the crushing device 11 through the first conveyor belt 12, and then the straw is dispersed by the stirring mechanism 4, so that the bundled straw is changed from an extruded state to a scattered state, so that the debris can be separated from the straw and enter the air separation chamber 32 from the crushing chamber 31 through the through hole 21. In the process of stirring the straw, the straw entering the air separation chamber 32 through the through hole 21 can be conveyed back to the stirring mechanism 4 through the air separation mechanism 6. At the same time, the air flow entering the crushing chamber 31 from the air separation chamber 32 can also convey the straw while flowing from top to bottom along the crushing chamber 31. Subsequently, the straw processed by the stirring mechanism 4 is cut into fragments by multiple cutting mechanisms 5, and finally the straw fragments are conveyed to subsequent processing equipment or storage area via the second conveyor belt 13.

[0041] See also Figure 2 、 Figure 3 A feed port 15 is provided at the connection between the body 14 of the crushing device 11 and the first conveyor belt 12. The height of the opening 65 at the top of the air separation tube 2 is higher than the height of the feed port 15. A flip cover 16 is provided on the feed port 15, which reduces the risk of straw output from the air separation tube 2 being discharged through the feed port 15 under the action of airflow.

[0042] See also Figure 3 、 Figure 4The stirring mechanism 4 includes a stirring disk 41 and a guide disk 42. The stirring disk 41 is rotatably connected to the machine body 14 and is driven by an external force to rotate relative to the machine body 14. A plurality of stirring rods 43 are arranged on the bottom surface of the stirring disk 41 from the inside to the outside. The stirring rods 43 on the same rotation trajectory are arranged at equal angles around the central axis of the stirring disk 41. The guide disk 42 is fixedly connected to the machine body 14. The guide disk 42 is funnel-shaped and the bottom end of the space enclosed by it is connected to the air selection chamber 32 through the through hole 21. The top surface of the guide disk 42 is along the guide disk 42. A plurality of limiting units 44 are provided at equal intervals in the circumferential direction. The limiting units 44 include a plurality of limiting plates 45 arranged at equal intervals along the radial direction of the guide disk 42. There is an interval space 46 between adjacent limiting plates 45 in the same limiting unit 44 for the stirring rod 43 to pass through. The rear end of the limiting plate 45 located on the rotation trajectory of the stirring rod 43 is sharp 47. A plurality of drop openings 48 for allowing straw to fall into the cutting mechanism 5 are provided between the limiting units 44 at both ends of the guide disk 42. The feed port 15 is located between the adjacent limiting units 44 and the drop openings 48.

[0043] When the stirring disc 41 rotates relative to the machine body 14, the stirring disc 41 drives the stirring rod 43 to move, so that the stirring rod 43 can push the straw and press it against the limit plate 45. The straw is cut by the rear end of the limit plate 45, so that the straw is released from the bundled state and dispersed under the action of the limit plate 45 and the stirring rod 43, so that the debris sandwiched between the straw can be separated and enter the air separation chamber 32 through the through hole 21 under the guidance of the guide disc 42. At the same time, the straw can enter the cutting mechanism 5 from the stirring mechanism 4 through the drop port 48. In the process of the stirring rod 43 pushing the straw to move, the straw can be initially cut under the action of the limit plate 45 and the stirring rod 43, reducing the risk of straw blockage during subsequent processing.

[0044] In order to reduce the risk of debris falling into the cutting mechanism 5 through the drop opening 48 and affecting the quality of straw cutting, a partition 49 (such as Figure 11 ), the partition 49 is parallel to the guide plate 41 and a separation space 34 is formed therebetween. An air induced draft channel 35 is provided in the separation space 34. The air induced draft channel 35 is inclined relative to the air separation tube 2. The air inlet of the air induced draft channel 35 is located in the cavity of the air separation tube 2 and the air outlet thereof is located in the separation space 34. The air outlet direction of the air induced draft channel 35 is perpendicular to the falling direction of the straw on the drop port 48. The air separation tube 2 is provided with a through hole 22 for allowing debris on the partition 49 to enter the air separation tube 2, so that the debris and straw that fall together can be separated under the action of the airflow. The separated debris is guided by the partition 49 into the air separation tube 2 from the through hole 22, and the straw moves under the blowing of the airflow, detaches from the partition 49, and continues to fall downward.

[0045] In this embodiment, the number of stirring rods 43 in each circle on the stirring disk 41 is the same and the corresponding stirring rods 43 are arranged at equal intervals along the radial direction of the stirring disk 41, which reduces the space requirement for installing the stirring rods 43 on the stirring disk 41, facilitates reducing the weight of the stirring disk 41 by opening holes, and thus reduces the driving burden of the stirring disk 41.

[0046] See also Figure 5 A diverter mechanism 7 is provided between the stirring mechanism 4 and the cutting mechanism 5. The diverter mechanism 7 includes a diverter disk 71 and a rotating ring 72. The diverter disk 71 is fixedly connected to the machine body 14. The diverter disk 71 is provided with a plurality of diverter ports 73 arranged at equal angles around its axis. The rotating ring 72 is rotatably connected to the machine body 14 and is driven by an external force to rotate relative to the machine body 14. The rotating ring 72 is provided with a plurality of push pieces 74 arranged at equal angles around its axis. The push piece 74 is vertically arranged relative to the rotating ring 72. The push piece 74 is located above the diverter disk 71 and its bottom end is on the same horizontal plane as the top surface of the diverter disk 71.

[0047] When the rotating ring 72 rotates relative to the body 14 and drives the pushing piece 74 to move, the pushing piece 74 can push the straw that falls from the drop port 48 to a local position of the diverter disk 71 to other positions of the diverter disk 71, so that the straw can form a circular columnar dropping area through the diverter port 73 on the diverter disk 71, reducing the risk of local accumulation of straw, ensuring the amount of straw falling into the cutting cavity 33 on the cutting mechanism 5, and thus ensuring the effectiveness of the cutting mechanism 5 in cutting straw.

[0048] See also Figure 6-Figure 8The cutting mechanism 5 includes a cutting ring 51 and a toggle ring 52. The cutting ring 51 and the toggle ring 52 are both rotatably arranged on the body 14 and driven by external force to rotate relative to the body 14. The cutting ring 51 is provided with a plurality of cutting knives 53 arranged at equal angles around its axis. The body 14 is provided with a plurality of flow limiting units 8 arranged at equal angles around its axis. The flow limiting unit 8 includes an upper baffle 81 and a lower baffle 82. The upper baffle 81 is located obliquely above the lower baffle 82 and both are provided with a limiting strip 83 on their inner ends. The outer ends of the two limiting strips 83 are respectively connected to the upper baffle 81 and the lower baffle 82 as a whole. The adjacent limiting strips 83 are connected to the upper baffle 81 and the lower baffle 82 as a whole. There is a gap space 84 between the inner ends for the cutting knife 53 to pass through, and a blade 85 is provided on the rear end of the inner end of the limiting strip 83, which is located on the moving trajectory of the cutting knife 53. The end faces of the outer ends of the upper baffles 81 and the lower baffles 82 adjacent to the current limiting units 8 are in the same vertical plane, and a cutting cavity 33 is formed between the upper baffle 81, the lower baffle 82 and the limiting strip 83. The toggle ring 52 is provided with a number of toggle pieces 54 arranged at equal angles around its axis. The toggle pieces 54 are inclined relative to the toggle ring 52. The toggle piece 54 is located above the current limiting unit 8 and its bottom end is on the same horizontal plane as the top surface of the upper baffle 81.

[0049] When the cutting ring 51 and the toggle ring 52 rotate relative to the body 14, the toggle ring 52 drives the toggle plate 54 to move, so that the toggle plate 54 can push the straw that falls on the upper baffle 81 into the cutting chamber 33, ensuring the amount of straw entering the cutting chamber 33. At the same time, the cutting ring 51 drives the cutting knife 53 to move, so that the cutting knife 53 cuts the straw. At the same time, the cutting knife 53 can also press the straw against the limit bar 83, and the straw is cut through the cooperation between the cutting knife 53 and the limit bar 83, thereby improving the cutting effect of the cutting mechanism 5 on the straw.

[0050] See also Figure 6 A collecting hopper 17 is provided in the cavity of the machine body 14 for guiding the straw processed by the cutting mechanism 5 to be transported to the second conveyor belt 13, thereby improving the convenience of collecting the straw fragments.

[0051] In this embodiment, the cross-section of the collecting hopper 17 is square and the cross-section of the machine body 14 is circular, so that the collecting hopper 17, the air intake pipe 68 and the discharge pipe 69 are compactly arranged without contact, thereby achieving the effect of reducing the height of the machine body 14 and reducing the difficulty of the first conveyor belt 12 to transport the straw obliquely upward.

[0052] See also Figure 7-Figure 9The air separation mechanism 6 includes an exhaust fan 61, and the air separation tube 2 is a hollow structure with an opening 65 at the top and a closed bottom. The exhaust fan 61 is fixedly connected to the cavity of the air separation tube 2. The top surface of the body 14 is an arc-shaped 62. The through hole 21 is located above the exhaust fan 61 and a guide plate 63 is provided between the two. The guide plate 63 is inclined relative to the air separation tube 2. A plurality of air vents 64 are provided on the guide plate 63, and an opening 65 is provided on the bottom end of the guide plate 63. An air inlet 66 and an exhaust port 67 for discharging debris are provided on the side of the body 14. The air inlet 66 and the bottom end of the air separation chamber 32 are connected by an air inlet pipe 68, and the opening 65 and the exhaust port 67 are connected by an exhaust pipe 69.

[0053] When debris and straw fall into the air separation chamber 32 through the through hole 21, the upward airflow formed by the exhaust fan 61 can discharge the straw back into the crushing chamber 31 through the air separation tube 2, and under the guidance of the airflow from the top surface of the body 14, the straw re-enters the stirring mechanism 4, and forms a top-down airflow in the crushing chamber 31, thereby blowing the straw to move from top to bottom, reducing the risk of straw being blocked in the body 14. At the same time, the debris falls onto the guide plate 63 under the action of gravity, and enters the opening 65 under the guidance of the guide plate 63 and is discharged from the body 14 through the discharge pipe 69 and the discharge port 67 in turn.

[0054] In this embodiment, the guide plate 63 may be a metal filter, which can ensure the normal flow of the airflow generated by the exhaust fan 61 while also ensuring the guiding effect of debris.

[0055] See also Figure 10 The stirring disc 41, rotating ring 72, cutting ring 51 and toggle ring 52 are all rotated relative to the body 14 through a driving mechanism 9. The driving mechanism 9 includes a rotating shaft 91, which is rotatably arranged on the body 14. A motor 92 is installed on the body 14 to drive the rotating shaft 91 to rotate relative to the body 14. The stirring disc 41, rotating ring 72, cutting ring 51 and toggle ring 52 are all connected to the rotating shaft 91 through a gear transmission mechanism 93.

[0056] The above contents described in this specification are merely examples of the present invention. Those skilled in the art may make various modifications, additions, or substitutions to the described embodiments, without departing from the contents of this specification or exceeding the scope defined by the claims, and such modifications, additions, or substitutions may be made to the described embodiments. Such modifications, additions, or substitutions may be made by persons skilled in the art. As long as such modifications do not depart from the contents of this specification or exceed the scope defined by the claims, such modifications shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention

Claims

1. A crop straw pretreatment device before fermentation, characterized in that: include: A crushing device, which is used to cut and crush the straw; a first conveyor belt, which is used to convey the straw into the crushing device; a second conveyor belt, which is used to convey the straw fragments in the crushing device outward; In which, an air separation tube is provided in the cavity of the crushing device, and the cavity of the crushing device is separated from the inside to the outside by the air separation tube to form a crushing chamber and an air separation chamber. The crushing chamber is provided with a stirring mechanism for separating debris from the straw and several cutting mechanisms for cutting and crushing the straw from top to bottom. The cutting mechanism is provided with several cutting chambers, and the number of cutting chambers in the same cutting mechanism decreases from top to bottom. The air separation tube is provided with several through holes for allowing debris separated from the stirring mechanism to enter the air separation chamber. The air separation chamber is provided with an air separation mechanism for transporting the straw entering it through the through holes back to the stirring mechanism. The height of the top of the air separation tube is higher than the height of the top of the first conveyor belt.

2. The crop straw pretreatment device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The stirring mechanism includes a stirring disk and a guide disk. The stirring disk is rotatably connected to the body of the crushing device and is driven by external force to rotate relative to the body. A plurality of stirring rods are provided on the bottom surface of the stirring disk from the inside to the outside. The stirring rods on the same rotation trajectory are arranged at equal angles around the central axis of the stirring disk. The guide disk is fixedly connected to the body. The guide disk is funnel-shaped and the bottom end of the space enclosed by it is connected to the air separation chamber through a through hole. A plurality of limiting units are provided on the top surface of the guide disk at equal intervals along the circumference of the guide disk. The limiting units include a plurality of limiting plates arranged at equal intervals along the radial direction of the guide disk. There is an interval space between adjacent limiting plates in the same limiting unit for the stirring rod to pass through. The rear end of the limiting plate located on the rotation trajectory of the stirring rod is sharp, and a plurality of drop openings for allowing straw to fall into the cutting mechanism are provided between the limiting units at both ends of the guide disk.

3. The crop straw pretreatment device according to claim 2, characterized in that: A diversion mechanism is provided between the stirring mechanism and the cutting mechanism. The diversion mechanism includes a diversion plate and a rotating ring. The diversion plate is fixedly connected to the machine body. The diversion plate is provided with a number of diversion ports arranged at equal angles around its axis. The rotating ring is rotatably connected to the machine body and is driven by external force to rotate relative to the machine body. The rotating ring is provided with a number of push plates arranged at equal angles around its axis. The push plates are vertically arranged relative to the rotating ring. The push plates are located above the diversion plate and their bottom ends are on the same horizontal plane as the top surface of the diversion plate.

4. The crop straw pretreatment device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The cutting mechanism includes a cutting ring and a toggle ring, both of which are rotatably arranged on the machine body and driven by external force to rotate relative to the machine body. The cutting ring is provided with a plurality of cutting knives arranged at equal angles around its axis, and the machine body is provided with a plurality of current limiting units arranged at equal angles around its axis. The current limiting unit includes an upper baffle and a lower baffle, the upper baffle is located obliquely above the lower baffle, and both are provided with limiting strips on their inner ends. There is a gap space between the inner ends of adjacent limiting strips for the cutting knives to pass through, and a blade is provided on the rear end of the inner end of the limiting strip located on the moving track of the cutting knives. The end surfaces of the outer ends of the upper baffles and the lower baffles adjacent to the adjacent current limiting units are in the same vertical plane, and a cutting cavity is formed between the upper baffle, the lower baffle and the limiting strip. The toggle ring is provided with a plurality of toggle pieces arranged at equal angles around its axis, and the toggle pieces are inclined relative to the toggle ring. The toggle piece is located above the current limiting unit and its bottom end is in the same horizontal plane as the top surface of the upper baffle.

5. The crop straw pretreatment device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The air separation mechanism includes an exhaust fan, and the air separation tube is a hollow structure with an open top and a closed bottom. The exhaust fan is fixedly connected to the cavity of the air separation tube. The top surface of the body is curved, and the through hole is located above the exhaust fan and a guide plate is provided between the two. The guide plate is inclined relative to the air separation tube, and a plurality of air vents are provided on the guide plate. An opening is provided on the bottom end of the guide plate, and an air inlet and an exhaust outlet for discharging debris are provided on the side of the body. The air inlet and the bottom end of the air separation chamber are connected by an air inlet pipe, and the opening and the exhaust outlet are connected by an exhaust pipe.

6. The crop straw pretreatment device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A feed port is provided at the connection between the machine body and the first conveyor belt. The height of the opening at the top end of the air separation tube is higher than that of the feed port. A flip cover is provided on the feed port.

7. The crop straw pretreatment device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A collecting hopper for guiding and conveying the straw processed by the cutting mechanism to the second conveyor belt is provided in the cavity of the machine body.

8. A processing process based on the crop straw pretreatment device before fermentation according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The steps include: Step 1: feeding straw, transporting bundled straw into the crushing device through the first conveyor belt; Step 2: Debris removal: The straw is dispersed by the stirring mechanism so that the debris can be separated from the straw and enter the air separation chamber from the crushing chamber through the through hole; Step three, graded cutting, cuts the straw processed by the stirring mechanism into pieces through multiple cutting mechanisms, and conveys the pieces to subsequent processing equipment or storage areas via a second conveyor belt.

9. The process for pretreatment of crop straw before fermentation according to claim 8, characterized in that: In the step 2, the straw entering the air separation chamber through the through hole is transported back to the stirring mechanism by the air separation mechanism.

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