Field automatic control system based on arduino

Abstract

The invention, which belongs to the technical field of automatic control, discloses an arduino-based field automatic control system comprising a power supply unit, a lighting unit, an insect killing unit, a ventilation unit, an infrared alarm device, an irrigation unit, a cloud control unit, an arduino single-chip microcomputer and a remote unit. The power supply unit, the illumination unit, the insect killing unit, the infrared alarm device, the irrigation unit, the arduino single-chip microcomputer and the remote unit are all connected with the cloud control unit, the remote unit comprises a Bluetooth module, the power supply unit comprises a solar cell and a storage battery, and the storage battery is connected with the cloud control unit. And the solar cell is connected with the storage battery. By adopting the arduino-based field automatic control system, the production efficiency and quality of a rice field can be improved, the use amount of pesticides and chemical fertilizers is reduced, and sustainable agricultural development is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of automatic control, in particular to an Arduino-based field automatic control system. Background Art

[0002] Rice prefers high temperature, high humidity and short daylight hours. When planted in paddy fields, due to the protection of the water layer during the growing season, the individual development of rice plants is less affected by the environment and the growth of individual plants is more consistent, which is conducive to the implementation of agricultural production measures.

[0003] However, current rice cultivation still faces several challenges: Due to the widespread distribution of rice fields, labor costs are high, and collecting growth and cultivation information is time-consuming. Weather, soil, and water conditions cannot be monitored in a timely manner. Forecasting rice growth and pests requires manual field surveys, which often delays farming season, hinders the implementation of agricultural measures, causes losses in rice production, and ultimately affects the stable and high yields of rice. Therefore, an automatic control system is urgently needed to improve the cultivation efficiency and yield of agricultural objects. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an Arduino-based field automatic control system to solve the problems mentioned in the background technology.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides an Arduino-based field automatic control system, comprising a power supply unit, a lighting unit, an insecticide unit, a ventilation unit, an infrared alarm device, an irrigation unit, a cloud control unit, an Arduino single-chip microcomputer, and a remote unit. The power supply unit, the lighting unit, the insecticide unit, the infrared alarm device, the irrigation unit, the Arduino single-chip microcomputer, and the remote unit are all connected to the cloud control unit. The remote unit includes a Bluetooth module. The power supply unit includes a solar cell and a battery, and the solar cell and the battery are connected.

[0006] Preferably, the lighting unit includes a power supply circuit, an infrared sensor, a control module, a rectifier module, a drive module and a lighting module. The power supply circuit, the infrared sensor, the control module and the drive module are connected in sequence, and the rectifier module and the lighting module are both connected to the drive module.

[0007] Preferably, the control module includes a first single-chip microcomputer and a switch control circuit, the rectifier module includes a rectifier bridge, a filter electrolytic capacitor and a discharge resistor, the drive module includes a drive IC and a monitoring circuit, and the lighting module includes an LED lamp and a photoresistor, and the LED lamp and the photoresistor are connected.

[0008] Preferably, the infrared sensor includes an emitter and a detector, the emitter is an infrared light emitting diode, the detector is an infrared photodiode, and the infrared photodiode is sensitive to infrared light of the same wavelength as that emitted by the infrared light emitting diode.

[0009] Preferably, the insecticide unit includes an electric motor and a water pump, the output shaft of the electric motor is connected to the impeller of the water pump, the electric motor includes a fixed magnetic field and a rotatable coil, and the ventilation unit includes a fan, which is installed in the field to be irrigated.

[0010] Preferably, the infrared alarm device includes an infrared sensing circuit, a voltage sampling and comparison circuit and an audible and visual alarm circuit. The infrared sensing circuit includes an infrared transmitting module, an infrared receiving module, a ceramic capacitor, an integrated circuit and a voltage stabilizing integrated circuit; the voltage sampling and comparison circuit includes a potentiometer and a general operational amplifier; the audible and visual alarm circuit includes transistors VT1, VT2, a buzzer and a light-emitting diode.

[0011] Preferably, the irrigation unit includes a pesticide storage tank, a liquid fertilizer storage tank, a liquid fertilizer dilution tank, a water storage tank, a remote control terminal, a control unit, a central processing module, a data acquisition module, a solenoid valve, a distributed irrigation water pipe and a fertilizer spray head. The pesticide storage tank, the liquid fertilizer storage tank and the water storage tank are all connected to the liquid fertilizer dilution tank through a water pipe, the control unit and the data acquisition module are both connected to the central processing module, the control unit is connected to the remote control terminal, and the data acquisition module is connected to a sensor group, which includes a moisture sensor, a temperature sensor, a soil nutrient sensor, a humidity sensor and a camera.

[0012] Preferably, a solenoid valve e is provided on the water pipe connecting the pesticide storage tank and the liquid fertilizer dilution tank, a solenoid valve b is provided on the water pipe connecting the liquid fertilizer storage tank and the liquid fertilizer dilution tank, and a solenoid valve a is provided on the water pipe connecting the water storage tank and the liquid fertilizer dilution tank, and the solenoid valve a is connected to the central processing module.

[0013] Preferably, the fertilizer spray head is connected to the liquid fertilizer dilution tank through a water pipe B, the water storage tank and the distributed irrigation water pipe are connected through a water pipe A, the fertilizer spray head and the distributed irrigation water pipe are both arranged in the field to be irrigated, and the water pipe A and the water pipe B are both provided with intelligent water pumps, the water pipe A is provided with a solenoid valve d, and the water pipe B is provided with a solenoid valve c.

[0014] Preferably, the intelligent water pump and fan are both controlled by relays.

[0015] Therefore, the present invention adopts the above-mentioned Arduino-based field automatic control system, which has the following beneficial effects:

[0016] (1) Through precise data monitoring and intelligent decision support, farmers can achieve refined management, reduce waste and resource loss, and improve crop production efficiency and yield.

[0017] (2) Optimize the use of agricultural resources: Based on real-time monitoring data, the best farming plans such as fertilization and watering can be provided, reducing the use of pesticides and fertilizers, reducing the pressure on water resources and the environment, and achieving sustainable agricultural development.

[0018] (3) Strengthening farmers’ decision-making capabilities: Through data analysis and intelligent decision-making support, farmers can make scientific and reasonable decisions, improve the precision and accuracy of farmland management, reduce operating risks, and increase farmers’ income.

[0019] (4) Remote monitoring and management of rice fields can be achieved through cloud technology. Farmers can use their mobile phones or computers to understand the growth of rice fields at any time, and monitor and adjust environmental parameters such as soil and climate in real time to achieve precise agricultural management.

[0020] (5) Utilize IoT technology to automate agricultural operations. For example, use smart irrigation systems to schedule watering. This not only reduces the labor burden on farmers but also improves work efficiency, achieving intelligent and modern agricultural production.

[0021] The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail below through the accompanying drawings and embodiments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an Arduino-based field automatic control system according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a lighting unit according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 3 This is a working principle diagram of a motor according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 4 This is a working principle diagram of the infrared sensing circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 5 This is a working principle diagram of an irrigation unit according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 6 This is a working principle diagram of the humidity sensor according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 7This is a working principle diagram of an electromagnetic relay according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 8 Schematic diagram of an Arduino microcontroller according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the pins of an Arduino microcontroller according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 10 This is a working principle diagram of the Bluetooth module according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Reference numerals

[0033] 1. Power supply for the controlled end; 2. Equipment; 3. Spring; 4. Normally closed contact; 5. Normally open contact; 6. Armature; 7. Moving contact; 8. Coil; 9. Iron core; 10. Coil power supply. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present invention generally described and shown in the drawings herein can be arranged and designed in various different configurations. Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided in the drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely represents selected embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0035] It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters denote similar items in the following drawings, and therefore, once an item is defined in one drawing, it does not need to be further defined or explained in subsequent drawings.

[0036] Example

[0037] like Figure 1 As shown, the present invention provides an Arduino-based field automatic control system, including a power supply unit, a lighting unit, an insecticide unit, a ventilation unit, an infrared alarm device, an irrigation unit, a cloud control unit, an Arduino single-chip microcomputer and a remote unit. The power supply unit, the lighting unit, the insecticide unit, the infrared alarm device, the irrigation unit, the Arduino single-chip microcomputer and the remote unit are all connected to the cloud control unit.

[0038] The power supply unit includes a solar cell and a storage battery, and the solar cell and the storage battery are connected.

[0039] Reference Figure 2 The lighting unit includes a power supply circuit, an infrared sensor, a control module, a rectifier module, a driver module, and a lighting module. The power supply circuit, infrared sensor, control module, and driver module are connected in sequence, and the rectifier module and lighting module are both connected to the driver module. The control module includes a first single-chip microcomputer and a switch control circuit, the rectifier module includes a rectifier bridge, a filter electrolytic capacitor, and a discharge resistor, the driver module includes a driver IC and a monitoring circuit, and the lighting module includes an LED lamp and a photoresistor. The LED lamp and the photoresistor are connected. When light shines on the photoresistor, the energy of the photons excites the electrons in the material, causing the energy level of the electrons to change, thereby changing the resistance value. The light intensity is detected by the photoresistor. If the light is insufficient, the LED is turned on. The resistance value of the photoresistor is inversely proportional to the light intensity of the LED lamp, that is, the stronger the light, the smaller the resistance value, and the weaker the light, the larger the resistance value. The infrared sensor includes an emitter and a detector. The emitter is an infrared light-emitting diode, and the detector is an infrared photodiode. The infrared photodiode is sensitive to infrared light of the same wavelength as the infrared light-emitting diode. When infrared light shines on the infrared photodiode, the resistance and output voltage will change in proportion to the amount of infrared light received.

[0040] The insecticide unit includes an electric motor and a water pump. The output shaft of the motor is connected to the water pump impeller by a keyed connection or interference fit. When the motor is energized, the impeller rotates at high speed. The impeller applies centrifugal force to the insecticide solution in the pump housing, achieving the extraction, pressurization, and transportation of the solution for field insecticide control. The motor includes a fixed magnetic field and a rotatable coil. Figure 3 When current flows through a coil, the wire inside it is affected by the magnetic field and begins to rotate. This is because the magnetic field generated by the current in the wire interacts with the fixed magnetic field, generating a torque that causes the coil to rotate. By continuously changing the direction of the current, the coil can continue to rotate and transfer mechanical energy. Electric motors utilize the interaction between current and magnetic fields to convert electrical energy into mechanical energy. Pesticides and irrigation water are both pumped from containers using pumps that meet the flow rate and head requirements. This principle can be used to achieve insecticide control, heat dissipation, and watering.

[0041] The ventilation unit includes a fan. A fan with appropriate size, speed and air volume is selected according to ventilation requirements and installed at a suitable location in the field to be irrigated.

[0042] Reference Figure 4The infrared alarm device includes an infrared sensing circuit, a voltage sampling and comparison circuit, and an audio and visual alarm circuit. The infrared sensing circuit consists of an infrared transmitting module (infrared transmitting tube VD1), an infrared receiving module (infrared receiving tube VD2), ceramic capacitors (C1 and C2), an integrated circuit, and a voltage regulator integrated circuit. The voltage regulator integrated circuit converts unstable input voltage into a stable DC voltage, providing a stable and reliable power supply for the entire circuit and ensuring stable operation of all modules and the integrated circuit. The integrated circuit processes, analyzes, and interprets the data received by the infrared receiving module. When it detects a signal change that meets certain conditions (such as an abnormal infrared signal caused by an object entering the monitoring area), it outputs a control signal. The voltage sampling and comparison circuit consists of a potentiometer RP1 and a general-purpose operational amplifier LM358. The audio and visual alarm circuit consists of transistors VT1 and VT2, a buzzer HA1, and a light-emitting diode LED1. All transistors are 9012 transistors. The sound waves generated by the buzzer are caused by mechanical vibrations converted into pressure changes in the air. These pressure changes are transmitted at a certain frequency and intensity, forming a sound that can be perceived by the human ear. The buzzer is an active buzzer. Simply providing a low level output activates the buzzer. When the infrared sensor detects movement of a person or animal, the buzzer sounds. The remote control unit controls the duration of the buzzer, while the Bluetooth module can control the buzzer's on / off state by sending on / off commands via the serial port.

[0043] Reference Figure 5 The irrigation unit includes a pesticide storage tank, a liquid fertilizer storage tank, a liquid fertilizer dilution tank, a water tank, a remote control terminal, a control unit, a central processing module, a data acquisition module, a solenoid valve, a distributed irrigation water pipe, and a fertilizer spray head. The pesticide storage tank, liquid fertilizer storage tank, and water tank are all connected to the liquid fertilizer dilution tank via water pipes. The water pipe connecting the pesticide storage tank and the liquid fertilizer dilution tank is equipped with a solenoid valve e, the water pipe connecting the liquid fertilizer storage tank and the liquid fertilizer dilution tank is equipped with a solenoid valve b, and the water pipe connecting the water tank and the liquid fertilizer dilution tank is equipped with a solenoid valve a. The fertilizer spray head is connected to the liquid fertilizer dilution tank via water pipe B, and the water tank is connected to the distributed irrigation water pipe via water pipe A. The fertilizer spray head and the distributed irrigation water pipe are both installed in the field to be irrigated. Water pipes A and B are both equipped with intelligent water pumps. Water pipe A is equipped with a solenoid valve d, and water pipe B is equipped with a solenoid valve c. The solenoid valve a is connected to the central processing module, the control unit and the data acquisition module are both connected to the central processing module, the control unit is connected to the remote control terminal, and the data acquisition module is connected to the sensor group, which includes a moisture sensor, a temperature sensor, a soil nutrient sensor, a humidity sensor and a camera.

[0044] The data acquisition module collects soil, climate and plant-related data measured by the sensor group, processes the data through the central processing module and makes irrigation and drainage decisions based on the data processing results. The control unit transmits wireless control signals to control the switch and duration, and monitors information such as water pipe pressure and flow in real time to provide precise water and fertilizer irrigation for farmland crops. At the same time, the remote control terminal can also irrigate field crops through the control unit.

[0045] Reference Figure 6 Humidity sensors indirectly detect soil moisture by measuring the soil's electrical conductivity. Humidity sensors insert electrodes (including needle-shaped or plate-shaped electrodes) into the soil. When current passes through the electrodes, the change in resistance or conductivity is measured to determine soil moisture. The electrodes can be composed of two aluminum foils and a ceramic sheet. When the distance between the aluminum foil and the ceramic sheet changes, the capacitance between them also changes. When soil moisture changes, the penetration of water molecules causes the dielectric in the capacitor to change from air to water, resulting in a change in capacitance. By calculating the effect of the dielectric change on the capacitance value, the soil moisture can be measured.

[0046] The intelligent water pump and fan are controlled by relays, refer to Figure 7 Taking an electromagnetic relay as an example, its operating principle is that when the electromagnet is energized, it draws down the armature, closing the circuit between two contacts. When the power is removed, the electromagnet loses its magnetism, causing a spring to pull up the armature, breaking the circuit. It's essentially an "automatic switch" that uses a smaller current to control a larger one, thus providing functions such as automatic regulation, safety protection, and circuit switching.

[0047] The cloud control unit can view farmland data in real time, such as temperature, humidity, light intensity and other related data, and can also control the opening and closing of infrared alarms and insecticide units.

[0048] Reference Figure 8-Figure 9 The microcontroller (MCU) of the Arduino microcontroller uses the Atmega328P microcontroller.

[0049] Reference Figure 10 The remote unit includes a Bluetooth module, whose serial port is connected to the microcontroller interface. It is compact, has simple commands, and has only six pins with a pin spacing of 2.54m, making soldering easy. The pin functions are shown in the figure. The Bluetooth module remotely controls the high and low levels of the relay, enabling functions such as watering and insecticide. The remote control unit also uses Bluetooth to turn on and off the water pump and buzzer, enabling watering and alarm functions.

[0050] Therefore, the present invention adopts the above-mentioned Arduino-based field automatic control system, which can improve the production efficiency and quality of rice fields, reduce the use of pesticides and fertilizers, and achieve the development of sustainable agriculture. At the same time, it can also promote the development of agricultural informatization and rural economy and improve farmers' income level.

[0051] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention rather than to limit the same. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify or replace the technical solutions of the present invention with equivalents, and these modifications or equivalent replacements cannot cause the modified technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.

Claims

1. An Arduino-based field automatic control system, characterized by: The invention comprises a power supply unit, a lighting unit, an insecticide unit, a ventilation unit, an infrared alarm device, an irrigation unit, a cloud control unit, an Arduino single-chip microcomputer and a remote unit. The power supply unit, the lighting unit, the insecticide unit, the infrared alarm device, the irrigation unit, the Arduino single-chip microcomputer and the remote unit are all connected to the cloud control unit. The remote unit comprises a Bluetooth module. The power supply unit comprises a solar cell and a battery. The solar cell and the battery are connected.

2. The Arduino-based field automatic control system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lighting unit includes a power supply circuit, an infrared sensor, a control module, a rectifier module, a drive module and a lighting module. The power supply circuit, the infrared sensor, the control module and the drive module are connected in sequence, and the rectifier module and the lighting module are both connected to the drive module.

3. The Arduino-based field automatic control system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The control module includes a first single-chip microcomputer and a switch control circuit, the rectifier module includes a rectifier bridge, a filter electrolytic capacitor and a discharge resistor, the drive module includes a drive IC and a monitoring circuit, and the lighting module includes an LED lamp and a photoresistor, and the LED lamp and the photoresistor are connected.

4. The Arduino-based field automatic control system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The infrared sensor includes an emitter and a detector. The emitter is an infrared light emitting diode, and the detector is an infrared photodiode. The infrared photodiode is sensitive to infrared light of the same wavelength as that emitted by the infrared light emitting diode.

5. The Arduino-based field automatic control system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The insecticide unit includes an electric motor and a water pump. The output shaft of the electric motor is connected to the impeller of the water pump. The electric motor includes a fixed magnetic field and a rotatable coil. The ventilation unit includes a fan installed in the field to be irrigated.

6. The Arduino-based field automatic control system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The infrared alarm device includes an infrared sensing circuit, a voltage sampling and comparison circuit and an audio-visual alarm circuit. The infrared sensing circuit includes an infrared transmitting module, an infrared receiving module, a ceramic capacitor, an integrated circuit and a voltage-stabilizing integrated circuit; the voltage sampling and comparison circuit includes a potentiometer and a general-purpose operational amplifier; the audio-visual alarm circuit includes transistors VT1, VT2, a buzzer and a light-emitting diode.

7. The Arduino-based field automatic control system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The irrigation unit includes a pesticide storage tank, a liquid fertilizer storage tank, a liquid fertilizer dilution tank, a water storage tank, a remote control terminal, a control unit, a central processing module, a data acquisition module, a solenoid valve, a distributed irrigation water pipe and a fertilizer spray head. The pesticide storage tank, the liquid fertilizer storage tank and the water storage tank are all connected to the liquid fertilizer dilution tank through a water pipe. The control unit and the data acquisition module are both connected to the central processing module. The control unit is connected to the remote control terminal. The data acquisition module is connected to a sensor group. The sensor group includes a moisture sensor, a temperature sensor, a soil nutrient sensor, a humidity sensor and a camera.

8. The Arduino-based field automatic control system according to claim 7, characterized in that: A solenoid valve e is provided on the water pipe connecting the pesticide storage tank and the liquid fertilizer dilution tank, a solenoid valve b is provided on the water pipe connecting the liquid fertilizer storage tank and the liquid fertilizer dilution tank, and a solenoid valve a is provided on the water pipe connecting the water storage tank and the liquid fertilizer dilution tank. The solenoid valve a is connected to the central processing module.

9. The Arduino-based field automatic control system according to claim 8, characterized in that: The fertilizer spray head is connected to the liquid fertilizer dilution tank through a water pipe B, the water storage tank and the distributed irrigation water pipe are connected through a water pipe A, the fertilizer spray head and the distributed irrigation water pipe are both set in the field to be irrigated, and the water pipe A and the water pipe B are both provided with intelligent water pumps, the water pipe A is provided with a solenoid valve d, and the water pipe B is provided with a solenoid valve c.

10. The Arduino-based field automatic control system according to claim 9, characterized in that: The intelligent water pump and fan are both controlled by relays.

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