Chinese herbal medicine fermentation additive for cattle breeding and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a cattle-raising Chinese herbal medicine fermentation additive and a preparation method thereof, the cattle-raising Chinese herbal medicine fermentation additive is prepared from traditional Chinese medicine raw materials through strain fermentation, and the traditional Chinese medicine raw materials comprise the following components in parts by weight: 2-4 parts of astragalus membranaceus, 1-2 parts of cassia twig, 1-2 parts of codonopsis pilosula, 1-1.5 parts of rhizoma atractylodis and 1-1.5 parts of liquorice; the preparation method comprises the following steps: crushing the traditional Chinese medicine raw materials, spraying water, and inoculating the fermentation bacteria liquid into the fermentation raw materials. By adding pure traditional Chinese medicine components, cattle fattening can be effectively accelerated, and meanwhile the health indexes of cattle can be improved to a certain degree.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of feed additives, in particular to a fermented Chinese herbal medicine additive for cattle breeding and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] As living standards improve in my country, demand for beef is also increasing. For example, in 2023, China's domestic beef production reached 7.53 million tons, but annual beef consumption reached 10.27 million tons. The remaining 2.74 million tons of beef must be imported. Currently, due to land and environmental constraints, further expansion of domestic beef farming is also limited. To increase beef production, accelerating cattle fattening has become a key research topic.

[0003] Currently, to accelerate cattle fattening, some manufacturers use growth hormones in the cattle breeding process, including injection, implantation, or addition to feed. This method can shorten the breeding cycle, reduce costs, and thus improve economic benefits. However, the use of hormones is also subject to a series of controversies. For example, hormone residues may pose a potential threat to human health. Although most hormones are removed or degraded during beef processing, long-term consumption of beef containing hormone residues may affect the human endocrine system. In addition, long-term hormone use may also cause health problems in cattle, such as endocrine disorders and decreased immunity. Therefore, how to more safely accelerate cattle fattening and shorten the breeding cycle is also of great significance to human health. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention provides a Chinese herbal fermented additive for cattle breeding and a preparation method thereof. By adding pure Chinese herbal ingredients, the fattening of cattle can be effectively accelerated and the health indicators of cattle can be improved to a certain extent.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the technical solution of the present invention is: On one hand, the present invention provides a Chinese herbal fermentation additive for cattle breeding, which is made from Chinese medicinal raw materials through fermentation of bacteria. The Chinese medicinal raw materials are composed of the following components in parts by weight: 2-4 parts of astragalus, 1-2 parts of cassia twig, 1-2 parts of codonopsis pilosula, 1-1.5 parts of atractylodes, and 1-1.5 parts of liquorice.

[0006] Preferably, the bacterial strain is composed of the following components in parts by weight: 16-25 parts of Candida utilis, 5-8 parts of Bacillus subtilis, and 1-2 parts of Pediococcus acidilactici.

[0007] Preferably, the Chinese medicinal raw materials are composed of the following components in parts by weight: 2 parts of Astragalus, 1 part of cinnamon twig, 1 part of Codonopsis pilosula, 1 part of Atractylodes, and 1 part of Licorice.

[0008] The second aspect of the present invention provides a method for preparing the fermented Chinese herbal medicine additive for cattle breeding, comprising the following steps: (1) Dissolving the bacteria in water and activating them to obtain a fermentation solution; (2) The Chinese medicinal raw materials are crushed and water is sprayed on the raw materials until the water content of the raw materials is 30-40 wt% to obtain fermentation raw materials. The fermentation liquid is inoculated into the fermentation raw materials at an inoculation rate of 4-10% based on the weight of the Chinese medicinal raw materials. The mixture is mixed and fermented for 5-7 days at a fermentation temperature of 30-40°C. After the fermentation is completed, the mixture is dried and crushed to obtain the cattle-raising Chinese herbal fermentation additive.

[0009] Preferably, step (1) specifically comprises: adding 20-30 times the weight of distilled water and 1-2 times the weight of brown sugar or glucose to the strain, controlling the temperature to 32-38° C., and activating for 24-72 h.

[0010] Preferably, in step (2), water is sprayed on the crushed Chinese medicinal raw material until the water content of the Chinese medicinal raw material is 35 wt%.

[0011] Preferably, in step (2), the inoculation amount is 8%.

[0012] Preferably, in step (2), the mixing and fermentation time is 5 days.

[0013] The third aspect of the present invention provides the use of the above-mentioned fermented Chinese herbal medicine additive for cattle breeding or the fermented Chinese herbal medicine additive for cattle breeding prepared by the above-mentioned preparation method in cattle breeding.

[0014] Preferably, the added amount of the fermented Chinese herbal medicine additive for cattle breeding is 0.5-1.5% of the weight of the diet.

[0015] The above-mentioned fermented Chinese herbal medicine additive for cattle breeding and its preparation method have the following advantages: (1) The present invention adopts appropriate Chinese medicine for compatibility, among which: Astragalus is the main drug in the prescription, which can replenish qi and strengthen the exterior, promote diuresis and reduce swelling, play the effect of "replenishing qi and supporting poison", and can also enhance immunity; cinnamon twig and codonopsis are auxiliary drugs, cinnamon twig warms and dredges the meridians, helps astragalus to promote qi, codonopsis replenishes the middle and replenishes qi, and assists astragalus to replenish the qi of the spleen and lungs, forming a "qi and yin double replenishing" structure with astragalus, atractylodes is an adjuvant, which can dry dampness and strengthen the spleen, and prevent astragalus and codonopsis from being greasy and obstructing the stomach, and liquorice is a guiding drug, which harmonizes the various drugs and alleviates the spicy nature of cinnamon twig and the dry and strong nature of atractylodes. The synergistic effect of the five Chinese medicines can improve the growth performance of beef cattle, improve feed conversion efficiency, increase dry matter intake and daily weight gain, accelerate cattle fattening, and shorten the beef cattle breeding cycle.

[0016] (2) The present invention adds fermentation agents to ferment Chinese medicine, which can increase the content of active ingredients such as total polysaccharides and total flavonoids in Chinese medicine. The enzymes produced during the fermentation process of the fermentation agents can destroy the plant cell walls, thereby promoting the dissolution of active substances or promoting dissolution and absorption, thereby improving the absorption and conversion efficiency of beef cattle to Chinese medicine, thereby better improving the growth performance of beef cattle, and also improving the health indicators of cattle to a certain extent. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0017] To further clarify the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention, the technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention. It should be understood that the described embodiments are only a portion of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of them. All other embodiments derived by persons of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without inventive effort are intended to fall within the scope of protection of the present invention. Example 1

[0018] A Chinese herbal fermentation additive for cattle breeding, made from Chinese medicinal raw materials fermented by bacterial strains, the Chinese medicinal raw materials are composed of the following components by weight: 2 parts of Astragalus, 1 part of Cinnamon Twig, 1 part of Codonopsis, 1 part of Atractylodes, 1 part of Licorice. The bacterial strains are composed of Candida przewalskii, Bacillus subtilis, and Pediococcus acidilactici, which are mixed and The number of viable Candida utilis cells is ≥90×10 6 CFU / g, Bacillus subtilis The number of viable bacteria is ≥26×10 6 CFU / g, number of viable Pediococcus acidilactici ≥4×10 6 CFU / g.

[0019] The preparation method of a fermented Chinese herbal medicine additive for cattle breeding comprises the following steps: (1) Add 24 times the weight of distilled water and 1 times the weight of brown sugar to the bacterial strain, control the temperature to 37°C, activate for 48 hours, and obtain a fermentation solution; (2) The Chinese medicinal raw materials were crushed and water was sprayed on them until the water content of the Chinese medicinal raw materials was 35 wt% to obtain fermentation raw materials. The fermentation liquid was inoculated into the fermentation raw materials at an inoculation rate of 8% based on the weight of the Chinese medicinal raw materials. The mixture was mixed and fermented for 5 days at a fermentation temperature of 37 °C. Anaerobic fermentation was adopted. After the fermentation was completed, the mixture was dried and crushed to obtain the cattle-raising Chinese herbal fermentation additive. Example 2

[0020] A Chinese herbal fermentation additive for cattle breeding, made from Chinese medicinal raw materials fermented by bacterial strains, the Chinese medicinal raw materials are composed of the following components by weight: 4 parts of Astragalus, 2 parts of Cinnamon Twig, 2 parts of Codonopsis, 1 part of Atractylodes, and 1 part of Licorice. The bacterial strains are composed of Candida przewalskii, Bacillus subtilis, and Pediococcus acidilactici, which are mixed and The number of viable Candida utilis cells is ≥85×10 6 CFU / g, Bacillus subtilis The number of viable bacteria is ≥30×10 6 CFU / g, number of viable Pediococcus acidilactici ≥5×10 6 CFU / g.

[0021] The preparation method of a fermented Chinese herbal medicine additive for cattle breeding comprises the following steps: (1) Add 25 times the weight of distilled water and 1 times the weight of brown sugar to the bacterial strain, control the temperature to 37°C, activate for 48 hours, and obtain a fermentation solution; (2) The Chinese medicinal raw materials were crushed and water was sprayed on them until the water content of the Chinese medicinal raw materials was 40 wt% to obtain fermentation raw materials. The fermentation liquid was inoculated into the fermentation raw materials at an inoculation rate of 10% based on the weight of the Chinese medicinal raw materials. The mixture was mixed and fermented for 5 days at a fermentation temperature of 39 °C. Anaerobic fermentation was adopted. After the fermentation was completed, the mixture was dried and crushed to obtain the cattle-raising Chinese herbal fermentation additive. Example 3

[0022] A Chinese herbal fermentation additive for cattle breeding, made from Chinese medicinal raw materials fermented by bacterial strains, the Chinese medicinal raw materials are composed of the following components by weight: 4 parts of Astragalus, 2 parts of Cinnamon Twig, 2 parts of Codonopsis, 1.5 parts of Atractylodes, 1 part of Licorice. The bacterial strains are composed of Candida przewalskii, Bacillus subtilis, and Pediococcus acidilactici, which are mixed and The number of viable Candida utilis cells is ≥88×10 6 CFU / g, subtilis spores The number of viable bacteria is ≥27×10 6 CFU / g, number of viable Pediococcus acidilactici ≥5×10 6 CFU / g.

[0023] The preparation method of a fermented Chinese herbal medicine additive for cattle breeding comprises the following steps: (1) Add 20 times the weight of distilled water and 1 time the weight of brown sugar to the bacterial strain, control the temperature to 37°C, activate for 48 hours, and obtain the fermentation liquid; (2) The Chinese medicinal raw materials were crushed and water was sprayed on them until the water content of the Chinese medicinal raw materials was 30 wt% to obtain fermentation raw materials. The fermentation liquid was inoculated into the fermentation raw materials at an inoculation rate of 6% based on the weight of the Chinese medicinal raw materials. The mixture was mixed and fermented for 7 days at a fermentation temperature of 35 °C. Anaerobic fermentation was adopted. After fermentation, the mixture was dried and crushed to obtain the cattle-raising Chinese herbal fermentation additive. Example 4

[0024] Example 4 is basically the same as Example 1, but in step (2), water is sprayed until the water content of the Chinese medicinal raw material is 30 wt%. Example 5

[0025] Example 5 is basically the same as Example 1, but in step (2), water is sprayed until the water content of the Chinese medicinal raw material is 40 wt%. Example 6

[0026] Example 6 is basically the same as Example 1, but in step (2), the inoculation amount of the fermentation broth is 10%. Example 7

[0027] Example 6 is basically the same as Example 1, but in step (2), the inoculation amount of the fermentation broth is 6%. Example 8

[0028] Example 8 is basically the same as Example 1, but in step (2), the fermentation time is 7 days.

[0029] Comparative Example 1 Comparative Example 1 is basically the same as Example 1, but in step (2), the fermentation time is 3 days.

[0030] Comparative Example 2 Comparative Example 2 is composed of the following Chinese medicinal materials in proportions by weight: 2 parts of Astragalus, 1 part of Cinnamon Twig, 1 part of Codonopsis Pilosula, 1 part of Atractylodes Rhizome, and 1 part of Licorice. The above Chinese medicinal materials are dried, mixed, and crushed to obtain a fermented Chinese herbal medicine additive for cattle breeding.

[0031] The total polysaccharide and total flavonoid contents of the fermented herbal cattle-raising additives prepared in Examples 1-8 and Comparative Example 1 were determined using the following test methods: Determination of total polysaccharides: To prepare a glucose standard curve: Weigh 20 mg of glucose and dissolve it in water to 100 mL to obtain a 0.2 mg / mL glucose solution. Accurately measure 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0, 1.2, and 1.4 mL of the 0.2 mg / mL glucose solution and add water to 2 mL, respectively, to prepare a series of standard solutions. Add 1 mL of 5% phenol solution to each solution and shake thoroughly to allow for a complete reaction. Using a burette or pipette, slowly add 5 mL of concentrated sulfuric acid dropwise. Shake thoroughly and cap the tube loosely. Place the tube in a boiling water bath for 20 minutes. Allow the tube to cool naturally to room temperature. Measure the absorbance at 490 nm and plot the glucose standard curve based on the results.

[0032] Preparation method of water extract: add 2 g of fermented Chinese herbal medicine into a conical flask, add appropriate amount of deionized water, boil in water bath for 1 hour, filter using a filter membrane, and discard the filter residue to obtain the water extract.

[0033] Determination of total polysaccharide content: Take the water extract as the test solution, add 5% phenol solution, shake gently to make it fully react, then add concentrated sulfuric acid and boil in water for 20 minutes. Determine OD 490 , the total polysaccharide concentration was calculated based on the glucose standard curve.

[0034] (2) Determination of total flavonoids: To prepare a rutin standard curve: Weigh 2 mg of rutin, dissolve it in ethanol to 50 mL, and mix thoroughly. Dissolve 20 mL of the ethanolic rutin solution in water and bring the volume to 50 mL. Accurately measure 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 mL of this solution, add water to 5 mL, and mix thoroughly with 0.3 mL of 5% NaNO₂ solution. Let the solution stand for 6 minutes, then add 0.3 mL of 10% Al(NO₃)₃ solution and gently mix. Let the solution stand for another 6 minutes. Finally, add 4 mL of 4% NaOH solution, then bring the volume to 10 mL with water. Mix thoroughly, let the solution stand for 3 minutes, and measure the absorbance at 510 nm. Draw a rutin standard curve based on the results.

[0035] Preparation method of alcohol extract: Add 2 g of fermented Chinese herbal medicine into a conical flask, add an appropriate amount of 70% ethanol, incubate in a constant temperature water bath at 80°C for 1 h, filter using a filter membrane, and discard the filter residue to obtain the alcohol extract.

[0036] Determination of total flavonoids content: ethanol extract is the test solution. Take the test solution, add 5% NaNO2 solution and shake well, let it stand for 6 minutes, continue to add 10% Al(NO3)3 solution and shake gently, let it stand for 6 minutes again, and finally add 4% NaOH, mix well and let it stand for 3 minutes. Measure OD 510 The total flavonoids concentration was calculated based on the rutin standard curve.

[0037] The test results are shown in Table 1:

[0038] The fermented Chinese herbal medicine additive for raising cattle prepared in Example 1 was used to conduct a beef cattle breeding experiment. The experiment was conducted at Wang's beef cattle farm in Shangsi County, Fangchenggang City, Guangxi Province. Twenty healthy Simmental beef cattle of about 10 months old and of similar weight were selected. They were randomly divided into 4 groups (control group, test group I, test group II, and test group III), with 5 cattle in each group. During the experiment, the control group, test group I, test group II, and test group III added 0%, 0.5%, 1%, and 1.5% of the fermented Chinese herbal medicine additive for raising cattle to their diets, respectively. The diet included all foods including grass and feed (excluding water). The preliminary experiment lasted 7 days, and the main experiment lasted 60 days. The test results are shown in Tables 2-4:

[0039] As shown in Table 2, throughout the trial period, the feed-to-weight ratio of the CK (control group) was significantly lower than that of Groups I, II, and III (P < 0.01). Compared with the CK group, total weight gain (TWG), average daily gain (ADG), and average daily feed intake (ADFI) also tended to increase with increasing dosage of Chinese herbal medicine.

[0040]

[0041] As shown in Table 3, compared to the CK group, the serum amylase concentrations in the other three groups showed an upward trend. The total bilirubin concentration showed a downward trend. This suggests that the fermented herbal cattle feed additive of this embodiment can, to a certain extent, enhance the digestive adaptability of cattle to low-quality roughage by regulating intestinal flora or providing enzyme activators.

[0042]

[0043] As shown in Table 4, compared to the CK group, the hemoglobin (HGB) content in Groups I, II, and III increased significantly, and the hematocrit also increased significantly compared to the CK group. The coefficient of variation of the red blood cell distribution width (RDW) in Group II was significantly lower than that in Group I. The platelet count (PLT) content in Group III was significantly lower than that in the CK group. Furthermore, the platelet distribution width (PDW) in Groups II and III was significantly higher than that in the CK group, and the platelet hematocrit in Group III was significantly lower than that in the CK group. This indicates that the fermented herbal cattle-raising additive of this example can significantly improve nutritional anemia in Simmental beef cattle. This may be due to the organic acids in the fermentation product enhancing the absorption of iron and vitamins in silage by Simmental beef cattle; or the fact that blood-tonifying herbs (such as angelica and astragalus) can directly stimulate bone marrow hematopoiesis, as indicated by changes in platelet parameters (PLT, PDW, PCT), indicating that fermented herbal herbs may affect coagulation function.

Claims

1. A fermented Chinese herbal medicine additive for cattle breeding, characterized by: The Chinese medicinal raw materials are fermented by bacteria. The Chinese medicinal raw materials are composed of the following components in parts by weight: 2-4 parts of astragalus, 1-2 parts of cassia twig, 1-2 parts of codonopsis pilosula, 1-1.5 parts of atractylodes, and 1-1.5 parts of liquorice.

2. The fermented Chinese herbal medicine additive for cattle breeding according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bacterial strain is composed of the following components in parts by weight: 16-25 parts of Candida utilis, 5-8 parts of Bacillus subtilis, and 1-2 parts of Pediococcus acidilactici.

3. The fermented Chinese herbal medicine additive for cattle breeding according to claim 1, characterized in that: The Chinese medicinal raw materials are composed of the following components in parts by weight: 2 parts of astragalus, 1 part of cinnamon twig, 1 part of codonopsis pilosula, 1 part of atractylodes, and 1 part of liquorice.

4. The method for preparing the fermented Chinese herbal medicine additive for cattle breeding according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that The following steps are involved: (1) Dissolving the bacteria in water and activating them to obtain a fermentation solution; (2) The Chinese medicinal raw materials are crushed and water is sprayed on the raw materials until the water content of the raw materials is 30-40 wt% to obtain fermentation raw materials. The fermentation liquid is inoculated into the fermentation raw materials at an inoculation rate of 4-10% based on the weight of the Chinese medicinal raw materials. The mixture is mixed and fermented for 5-7 days at a fermentation temperature of 30-40°C. After the fermentation is completed, the mixture is dried and crushed to obtain the cattle-raising Chinese herbal fermentation additive.

5. The method for preparing the fermented Chinese herbal medicine additive for cattle breeding according to claim 4, characterized in that: Step (1) specifically includes: adding 20-30 times the weight of distilled water and 1-2 times the weight of brown sugar or glucose to the bacterial strain, controlling the temperature to 32-38°C, and activating for 24-72 hours.

6. The method for preparing the fermented Chinese herbal medicine additive for cattle breeding according to claim 4, characterized in that: In step (2), the crushed Chinese medicinal raw materials are sprayed with water until the water content of the Chinese medicinal raw materials is 35 wt %.

7. The method for preparing the fermented Chinese herbal medicine additive for cattle breeding according to claim 4, characterized in that: In step (2), the inoculation amount is 8%.

8. The method for preparing the fermented Chinese herbal medicine additive for cattle breeding according to claim 4, characterized in that: In step (2), the mixed fermentation time is 5 days.

9. Use of the fermented Chinese herbal medicine additive for cattle breeding according to any one of claims 1 to 3 or the fermented Chinese herbal medicine additive for cattle breeding prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claims 4 to 8 in cattle breeding.

10. The use according to claim 9, characterized in that: The added amount of the fermented Chinese herbal medicine additive for raising cattle is 0.5-1.5% of the weight of the diet.

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