Indole-3-propionic acid-containing pork quality improving feed and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a pork quality improving feed containing indole-3-propionic acid and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of feeds. The feed capable of improving the pork quality is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass: 30 to 50 parts of soybean meal, 20 to 30 parts of corn flour, 10 to 20 parts of fish meal, 2 to 6 parts of whey protein powder, 0.08 to 0.15 part of indole-3-propionic acid, 0.5 to 1.2 parts of L-arginine, 0.3 to 0.7 part of L-glutamine, 0.3 to 0.7 part of sodium butyrate, 0.05 to 0.2 part of beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyric acid and 0.1 to 0.5 part of astragalus polysaccharide. The feed is high in conversion rate and can improve the pork quality.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of feed, and in particular relates to a pork quality-improving feed containing indole-3-propionic acid and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Amidst the current economic boom, consumer dietary preferences have undergone profound changes. Previously focused solely on the quantity of pork available, consumers are now increasingly focused on improving its quality. Consumers expect pork to not only serve as a basic nutritional source, rich in high-quality protein to meet daily physiological needs, but also to possess a high lean meat percentage, which aligns with the current trend towards a low-fat diet. Furthermore, a tender, juicy texture and rich, mellow flavor have become key criteria for pork quality.

[0003] However, traditional pig farming models and their associated feeds have numerous shortcomings. The breeding cycle is lengthy, not only consuming significant time and costs but also slowing down the capital turnover of pig farming. Furthermore, traditional feed formulations are imprecise, resulting in poor feed conversion rates. Numerous nutrients are excreted without being fully absorbed and utilized, resulting in a waste of feed resources and increased breeding costs. Furthermore, due to the limitations of traditional feed quality, pork quality fails to meet the expectations of modern consumers, resulting in a low lean meat percentage, a rough texture, and a bland flavor. Therefore, it is necessary to scientifically formulate feed ingredients and actively explore the development of new pig feeds to improve pork quality and produce more high-quality pork products that meet consumer expectations. Summary of the Invention In response to the above-mentioned prior art, the present invention discloses a pork quality-improving feed containing indole-3-propionic acid and a preparation method thereof, so as to solve the technical problems of low feed conversion rate and poor pork quality after feeding in the prior art.

[0004] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: to provide a pork quality improvement feed containing indole-3-propionic acid, which includes the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-50 parts of soybean meal, 20-30 parts of corn flour, 10-20 parts of fish meal, 2-6 parts of whey protein powder, 0.08-0.15 parts of indole-3-propionic acid, 0.5-1.2 parts of L-arginine, 0.3-0.7 parts of L-glutamine, 0.3-0.7 parts of sodium butyrate, 0.05-0.2 parts of β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyric acid and 0.1-0.5 parts of astragalus polysaccharide.

[0005] On the basis of the above technical solution, the present invention can also be improved as follows.

[0006] Furthermore, the pork quality-improving feed containing indole-3-propionic acid comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 35-45 parts of soybean meal, 22-28 parts of corn flour, 12-18 parts of fish meal, 3-5 parts of whey protein powder, 0.09-0.12 parts of indole-3-propionic acid, 0.7-1 parts of L-arginine, 0.4-0.6 parts of L-glutamine, 0.4-0.6 parts of sodium butyrate, 0.09-0.16 parts of β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyric acid and 0.2-0.4 parts of astragalus polysaccharide.

[0007] Furthermore, this pork quality improvement feed containing indole-3-propionic acid includes the following raw materials in parts by mass: 40 parts of soybean meal, 25 parts of corn flour, 15 parts of fish meal, 4 parts of whey protein powder, 0.1 parts of indole-3-propionic acid, 0.8 parts of L-arginine, 0.5 parts of L-glutamine, 0.5 parts of sodium butyrate, 0.12 parts of β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyric acid and 0.3 parts of astragalus polysaccharide.

[0008] The present invention also discloses a method for preparing the above-mentioned pork quality-improving feed containing indole-3-propionic acid, which comprises the following steps: S1: Soybean meal, corn meal, fish meal, whey protein powder, indole-3-propionic acid, L-arginine, L-glutamine, sodium butyrate, β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyric acid, and astragalus polysaccharide are uniformly mixed according to parts by mass to obtain a premix; S2: The premix is fed into a conditioner and steam at a temperature of 80-85°C is introduced for conditioning. The conditioning time is 30-60s. The conditioned material is fed into a granulator for granulation to obtain the product.

[0009] Furthermore, the granulation temperature is 80-90° C., and the granulation particle size is 3-5 mm.

[0010] The beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1. Soybean meal, rich in essential amino acids, provides an ample source of protein to support rapid muscle growth in pigs. Corn flour is rich in carbohydrates and easily absorbed, providing the energy pigs need for growth. Fish meal is rich in essential amino acids, vitamins, and minerals. Whey protein contains high-branched-chain amino acids, which are rapidly absorbed and accelerate amino acid utilization. Indole-3-propionic acid, as a gut microbiome regulator, helps improve gut health, increase feed utilization, create a favorable internal environment for muscle growth, increase pork pH, and improve pork quality. L-arginine and L-glutamine are important amino acids involved in muscle synthesis and energy metabolism. They promote muscle cell proliferation and differentiation, reduce muscle breakdown, and enhance muscle growth. Sodium butyrate, as an intermediate in energy metabolism, helps improve feed energy utilization efficiency, promotes gut health, and indirectly promotes muscle growth. β-Hydroxy-β-methylbutyric acid activates signaling pathways related to muscle growth and promotes the formation of glycolytic muscle fibers. Astragalus polysaccharide, as a natural immune enhancer, not only boosts pig immunity and reduces disease, but also indirectly promotes muscle growth and development by regulating metabolism and improving feed conversion efficiency by improving metabolic function. The invention improves feed conversion rate by rationally matching high-protein and high-energy raw materials and combining the synergistic effects of functional amino acids, metabolic regulators and natural active ingredients, and can improve pork quality after feeding with the feed.

[0011] 2. Indole-3-propionic acid and β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyric acid in feed synergistically inhibit the expression of MYH7 and MYH2, promote the expression of MYH4, regulate muscle fiber type, and improve meat color, tenderness and taste. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0012] Figure 1 is the difference map of mRNA gene expression; Figure 2 Schematic diagram of myosin heavy chain muscle fiber types. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0013] The specific implementation of the present invention is described in detail below with reference to the embodiments.

[0014] Example 1 A pork quality-improving feed containing indole-3-propionic acid, comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40 parts soybean meal, 25 parts corn flour, 15 parts fish meal, 4 parts whey protein powder, 0.1 parts indole-3-propionic acid, 0.8 parts L-arginine, 0.5 parts L-glutamine, 0.5 parts sodium butyrate, 0.12 parts β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyric acid and 0.3 parts astragalus polysaccharide.

[0015] The preparation method of the feed comprises the following steps: S1: Soybean meal, corn meal, fish meal, whey protein powder, indole-3-propionic acid, L-arginine, L-glutamine, sodium butyrate, β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyric acid, and astragalus polysaccharide are uniformly mixed according to parts by mass to obtain a premix; S2: The premix is fed into a conditioner and tempered with steam at a temperature of 80°C for 50 seconds. The tempered material is fed into a granulator for granulation. The granulation temperature is set at 85°C and the granulation particle size is 4 mm. The product is obtained after granulation.

[0016] Example 2 A pork quality-improving feed containing indole-3-propionic acid, comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30 parts soybean meal, 30 parts corn flour, 20 parts fish meal, 2 parts whey protein powder, 0.15 parts indole-3-propionic acid, 1.2 parts L-arginine, 0.3 parts L-glutamine, 0.7 parts sodium butyrate, 0.2 parts β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyric acid and 0.1 parts astragalus polysaccharide.

[0017] The preparation method of the feed comprises the following steps: S1: Soybean meal, corn meal, fish meal, whey protein powder, indole-3-propionic acid, L-arginine, L-glutamine, sodium butyrate, β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyric acid, and astragalus polysaccharide are uniformly mixed according to parts by mass to obtain a premix; S2: The premix is fed into a conditioner and tempered with steam at a temperature of 85°C for 30 seconds. The tempered material is fed into a granulator for granulation. The granulation temperature is set at 80°C and the granulation particle size is 3 mm. The product is obtained after granulation.

[0018] Example 3 A pork quality-improving feed containing indole-3-propionic acid, comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50 parts soybean meal, 20 parts corn flour, 10 parts fish meal, 6 parts whey protein powder, 0.08 parts indole-3-propionic acid, 0.5 parts L-arginine, 0.7 parts L-glutamine, 0.3 parts sodium butyrate, 0.05 parts β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyric acid and 0.5 parts astragalus polysaccharide.

[0019] The preparation method of the feed comprises the following steps: S1: Soybean meal, corn meal, fish meal, whey protein powder, indole-3-propionic acid, L-arginine, L-glutamine, sodium butyrate, β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyric acid, and astragalus polysaccharide are uniformly mixed according to parts by mass to obtain a premix; S2: The premix is fed into a conditioner and tempered with steam at 80°C for 60 seconds. The tempered material is fed into a granulator for granulation. The granulation temperature is set at 90°C and the granulation particle size is 5 mm. The product is obtained after granulation.

[0020] Example 4 A pork quality-improving feed containing indole-3-propionic acid, comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 45 parts soybean meal, 28 parts corn meal, 12 parts fish meal, 5 parts whey protein powder, 0.09 parts indole-3-propionic acid, 1 part L-arginine, 0.6 parts L-glutamine, 0.4 parts sodium butyrate, 0.09 parts β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyric acid and 0.2 parts astragalus polysaccharide.

[0021] The preparation method of this feed is the same as that in Example 1.

[0022] Example 5 A pork quality-improving feed containing indole-3-propionic acid, comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 35 parts soybean meal, 22 parts corn meal, 18 parts fish meal, 3 parts whey protein powder, 0.12 parts indole-3-propionic acid, 0.7 parts L-arginine, 0.4 parts L-glutamine, 0.6 parts sodium butyrate, 0.16 parts β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyric acid and 0.4 parts astragalus polysaccharide.

[0023] The preparation method of this feed is the same as that in Example 1.

[0024] Comparative Example 1 A feed comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40 parts soybean meal, 25 parts corn flour, 15 parts fish meal, 4 parts whey protein powder, 0.8 parts L-arginine, 0.5 parts L-glutamine, 0.5 parts sodium butyrate and 0.3 parts astragalus polysaccharide.

[0025] The preparation method of this feed is the same as that in Example 1.

[0026] Comparative Example 2 A feed comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40 parts soybean meal, 25 parts corn flour, 15 parts fish meal, 4 parts whey protein powder, 0.1 parts indole-3-propionic acid, 0.8 parts L-arginine, 0.5 parts L-glutamine, 0.5 parts sodium butyrate and 0.3 parts astragalus polysaccharide.

[0027] The preparation method of this feed is the same as that in Example 1.

[0028] Comparative Example 3 A feed comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40 parts soybean meal, 25 parts corn flour, 15 parts fish meal, 4 parts whey protein powder, 0.1 parts indole-3-propionic acid, 0.5 parts sodium butyrate, 0.12 parts β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyric acid and 0.3 parts astragalus polysaccharide.

[0029] The preparation method of this feed is the same as that in Example 1.

[0030] Comparative Example 4 A feed comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40 parts soybean meal, 25 parts corn flour, 15 parts fish meal, 4 parts whey protein powder, 0.1 parts indole-3-propionic acid, 0.8 parts L-arginine, 0.5 parts L-glutamine, 0.12 parts β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyric acid and 0.3 parts astragalus polysaccharide.

[0031] The preparation method of this feed is the same as that in Example 1.

[0032] Comparative Example 5 A feed comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40 parts soybean meal, 25 parts corn flour, 15 parts fish meal, 4 parts whey protein powder, 0.02 parts indole-3-propionic acid, 0.8 parts L-arginine, 0.5 parts L-glutamine, 0.5 parts sodium butyrate, 0.12 parts β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyric acid and 0.3 parts astragalus polysaccharide.

[0033] The preparation method of this feed is the same as that in Example 1.

[0034] Comparative Example 6 A feed comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40 parts soybean meal, 25 parts corn flour, 15 parts fish meal, 4 parts whey protein powder, 0.5 parts indole-3-propionic acid, 0.8 parts L-arginine, 0.5 parts L-glutamine, 0.5 parts sodium butyrate, 0.12 parts β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyric acid and 0.3 parts astragalus polysaccharide.

[0035] The preparation method of this feed is the same as that in Example 1.

[0036] Test example ①Effect of feed on pig growth performance Thirty Landrace × Rongchang pigs weighing about 55 kg were selected and divided into five groups on average. The pigs were fed the pig feed prepared in Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 to 6 for 80 days, and the fattening pigs had free access to feed and water. The body weight (BW) and feed intake of the pigs were automatically recorded. The average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were calculated (n=6). Before sampling on the last day of the experiment, the pigs were fasted overnight and weighed, and then the heart, lung, liver, spleen, kidney, and longissimus dorsi muscle samples were immediately slaughtered and their weights were recorded. Two sections (1×1×1 cm) of longissimus dorsi muscle samples were collected. One section was fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde solution for morphological measurement, while the other section was stored in a refrigerator at -80°C for further study. The results of growth performance measurements are shown in Table 1: Table 1

[0037] As can be seen from Table 1, the feed prepared in Example 1 has a higher feed conversion rate, and muscle weight increases after feeding the feed prepared in Example 1.

[0038] Muscle (LM) samples were dehydrated using a gradient of xylene and then ethanol, embedded in paraffin for histological processing, and then cut into 8-μm-thick sections. After mounting on slides, the sections were rehydrated using a gradient of xylene and then ethanol. They were then stained with hematoxylin and eosin, and images were acquired using a Leica DM3000 microscope (Leica, UK). Three regions were selected from each section, and the myofiber diameter and cross-sectional area of each region were measured using ImageJ software, version 1.8.0. The average values are shown in Table 2.

[0039] Table 2

[0040] It can be seen from Table 2 that the muscle fiber diameter and cross-sectional area of the pigs fed with the feed in Example 1 increased significantly.

[0041] In addition, the eye muscle width, eye muscle height and eye muscle area of the longissimus dorsi muscle of pigs were measured, and the results are shown in Table 3.

[0042] Table 3

[0043] As can be seen from Table 3, the eye muscle width and eye muscle height of the longissimus dorsi muscle of the pigs fed with the feed prepared in Example 1 were increased, and the eye muscle area was significantly increased.

[0044] ②Effect of feed on pork quality The pork of the fattened pigs fed with the feeds in Example 1 and the comparative example was subjected to quality testing, including meat color, tenderness, marble score, etc.

[0045] Table 4

[0046] The results, shown in Table 4, show that the feed prepared in Example 1 significantly increased the pH value and inosinic acid content at 45 minutes, and improved the meat color a and b values at 45 minutes, suggesting that the feed can improve pork color. Furthermore, it also reduced shear stress, indicating that the feed can increase meat tenderness and improve meat texture. These results demonstrate that the feed prepared in this invention can improve pork quality.

[0047] ③ Gene expression analysis was performed on the longissimus dorsi muscle of pigs in Example 1 and Comparative Example 1. The results are as follows Figure 1 As shown, myosin heavy chain muscle fiber types are as follows Figure 2 As shown, from Figure 1It can be seen that the mRNA level of myosin heavy chain 4 (MYH4) in the muscle of Example 1 increased by about 1.5 times, indicating that the glycolytic muscle fibers increased; on the contrary, the mRNA expression of oxidative muscle fiber marker genes myosin heavy chain 2 (MYH2) and myosin heavy chain 7 (MYH7) was significantly inhibited; these results indicate that the feed in Example 1 can regulate muscle fiber type, enhance the formation of glycolytic muscle fibers in pigs, and thus improve pork quality.

[0048] Although the specific embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail in conjunction with the embodiments, this should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of this patent. Within the scope described by the claims, various modifications and variations that can be made by those skilled in the art without creative work still fall within the scope of protection of this patent.

Claims

1. A pork quality improving feed containing indole-3-propionic acid, characterized in that: The invention comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-50 parts of soybean meal, 20-30 parts of corn flour, 10-20 parts of fish meal, 2-6 parts of whey protein powder, 0.08-0.15 parts of indole-3-propionic acid, 0.5-1.2 parts of L-arginine, 0.3-0.7 parts of L-glutamine, 0.3-0.7 parts of sodium butyrate, 0.05-0.2 parts of β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyric acid and 0.1-0.5 parts of astragalus polysaccharide.

2. The pork quality improving feed containing indole-3-propionic acid according to claim 1, characterized in that: The invention comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 35-45 parts of soybean meal, 22-28 parts of corn flour, 12-18 parts of fish meal, 3-5 parts of whey protein powder, 0.09-0.12 parts of indole-3-propionic acid, 0.7-1 parts of L-arginine, 0.4-0.6 parts of L-glutamine, 0.4-0.6 parts of sodium butyrate, 0.09-0.16 parts of β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyric acid and 0.2-0.4 parts of astragalus polysaccharide.

3. The pork quality improving feed containing indole-3-propionic acid according to claim 2, characterized in that: The invention comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40 parts of soybean meal, 25 parts of corn flour, 15 parts of fish meal, 4 parts of whey protein powder, 0.1 parts of indole-3-propionic acid, 0.8 parts of L-arginine, 0.5 parts of L-glutamine, 0.5 parts of sodium butyrate, 0.12 parts of β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyric acid and 0.3 parts of astragalus polysaccharide.

4. The method for preparing the pork quality improving feed containing indole-3-propionic acid according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1: Soybean meal, corn meal, fish meal, whey protein powder, indole-3-propionic acid, L-arginine, L-glutamine, sodium butyrate, β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyric acid, and astragalus polysaccharide are uniformly mixed according to parts by mass to obtain a premix; S2: feeding the premix into a conditioner, introducing steam at a temperature of 80-85° C. for conditioning for 30-60 seconds, and feeding the conditioned material into a granulator for granulation to obtain the product.

5. The method for preparing a pork quality-improving feed containing indole-3-propionic acid according to claim 4, characterized in that: The granulation temperature is 80~90℃ and the granulation particle size is 3~5mm.

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