Mixed fire extinguishing agent and testing method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a mixed fire extinguishing agent and a testing method thereof, and the mixed fire extinguishing agent comprises 2-bromo-3, 3, 3-trifluoropropene and perfluoro-2-methyl-3-pentanone; the test method comprises the following steps: S100, mixing the 2-bromo-3, 3, 3-trifluoropropene and the perfluoro-2-methyl-3-pentanone according to a preset mass ratio, and adding the 2-bromo-3, 3, 3-trifluoropropene and the perfluoro-2-methyl-3-pentanone into the mixture, s200, controllable flames are generated; s300, a mixture of the 2-bromine-3, 3, 3-trifluoropropene and the perfluoro-2-methyl-3-pentanone is adopted to carry out fire extinguishing on the controllable flame, and a mixture of the 2-bromine-3, 3, 3-trifluoropropene and the perfluoro-2-methyl-3-pentanone is adopted to carry out fire extinguishing on the controllable flame And S400, the minimum fire extinguishing concentration of the mixture is measured. The mixed fire extinguishing agent and the testing method thereof have the advantage that the mixed fire extinguishing agent capable of effectively extinguishing fire and the testing method thereof are provided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of fire extinguishing agents, in particular to a mixed fire extinguishing agent and a testing method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Chemical gas fire extinguishing agents offer high fire extinguishing efficiency and are recognized for their safety, cleanliness, and convenience. In the past, halogenated fire extinguishing agents containing chlorine or bromine were widely used. While these extinguishing agents are highly effective at extinguishing fires, they are classified as ozone-depleting substances (ODS) and contribute to the degradation of the stratospheric ozone layer. Since the implementation of the Montreal Protocol, many of these substances have been phased out. CF3Br (bromotrifluoromethane, Halon 1301) is a notable example of a fire extinguishing agent that is highly effective, economical, and widely used. However, its significant ozone depletion potential (ODP) limits its use. Therefore, developing environmentally friendly alternatives to halons with comparable fire extinguishing capabilities has become a major research priority in the international fire safety community. The most essential characteristics of an ideal alternative are low global warming potential (GWP) and zero ODP. Furthermore, it should maintain high fire extinguishing efficiency, low toxicity of combustion byproducts, and a relatively low boiling point (which generally indicates good diffusion properties).

[0003] Currently, inert gases (IG) and hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) are the main transitional alternatives being considered [4,5]. These options avoid direct atmospheric pollution; however, they still have certain limitations. IG-based fire extinguishing agents have low safety margins (because high concentrations of inert gases can cause asphyxiation), require strict storage conditions (usually at high pressure or low temperature), and have relatively low fire extinguishing efficiency, all of which limit their application. HFCs are potent greenhouse gases with long atmospheric lifetimes, are difficult to decompose and remove, and make a significant contribution to global warming. Many HFCs have extremely high global warming potentials. For example, HFC-134a (tetrafluoroethane) has a global warming potential of 1300, while HFC-23 (trifluoromethane) has a global warming potential of up to 14800 [6]. In addition, in some professional fields, HFCS cannot completely replace halons. Both the Kyoto Protocol (1997) and the Kigali Amendment to the Montreal Protocol (2016) explicitly require the phase-out of HFCs. The 2016 Paris Agreement, which aims to limit global temperature rise to below 2°C, also outlined a plan to phase out HFCs.

[0004] Therefore, existing transitional solutions remain underdeveloped and the exploration of new, more reliable halon alternative fire extinguishing agents needs to continue. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present invention aims to provide a mixed fire extinguishing agent and a testing method thereof.

[0006] The technical solution for achieving the purpose of the present invention is as follows:

[0007] The present invention proposes a mixed fire extinguishing agent and a testing method thereof to solve the technical problems mentioned in the above background technology part.

[0008] As a first aspect of the present invention, some embodiments of the present invention provide a mixed fire extinguishing agent comprising: 2-bromo-3,3,3-trifluoropropene and perfluoro-2-methyl-3-pentanone.

[0009] Optionally, in some embodiments of the present invention, the ratio of the mass of the 2-bromo-3,3,3-trifluoropropene to the mass of the perfluoro-2-methyl-3-pentanone is in the range of 0.1 to 1.

[0010] Optionally, in some embodiments of the present invention, the mass percentage of the 2-bromo-3,3,3-trifluoropropene in the mixed fire extinguishing agent ranges from 10% to 50%.

[0011] Optionally, in some embodiments of the present invention, the mass percentage of the perfluoro-2-methyl-3-pentanone in the mixed fire extinguishing agent ranges from 50% to 90%.

[0012] Optionally, in some embodiments of the present invention, the synergistic factor of the 2-bromo-3,3,3-trifluoropropene and the perfluoro-2-methyl-3-pentanone in the mixed fire extinguishing agent is in the range of 0.8 to 0.9; and / or the minimum fire extinguishing concentration of the mixed fire extinguishing agent is in the range of 2% to 5%. As a second aspect of the present invention, some embodiments of the present invention provide a device comprising:

[0013] As a second aspect of the present invention, some embodiments of the present invention provide a testing method for testing the mixed fire extinguishing agent described above; the testing method comprises the following steps:

[0014] S100: mixing the 2-bromo-3,3,3-trifluoropropene and the perfluoro-2-methyl-3-pentanone according to a preset mass ratio;

[0015] S200: generating a controllable flame;

[0016] S300: extinguishing the controllable flame using the mixture of 2-bromo-3,3,3-trifluoropropene and perfluoro-2-methyl-3-pentanone;

[0017] S400: Measure the minimum fire extinguishing concentration of the mixture.

[0018] Optionally, in some embodiments of the present invention, in step S200, a cup burner is used to generate the controllable flame.

[0019] Optionally, in some embodiments of the present invention, in step 300, the 2-bromo-3,3,3-trifluoropropene and the perfluoro-2-methyl-3-pentanone are gasified and then mixed.

[0020] Optionally, in some embodiments of the present invention, step 400 includes: detecting an image of the controllable flame.

[0021] Optionally, in some embodiments of the present invention, step 400 includes: detecting the temperature of the controllable flame.

[0022] The beneficial effects of the present invention are: providing a mixed fire extinguishing agent capable of effectively extinguishing fire and a testing method thereof. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] The accompanying drawings, which constitute part of the present invention, are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention and make other features, objects and advantages of the present invention more apparent. The accompanying drawings and descriptions of the exemplary embodiments of the present invention are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute an improper limitation of the present invention.

[0024] In addition, throughout the drawings, the same or similar reference numerals represent the same or similar elements. It should be understood that the drawings are schematic and that the elements and components are not necessarily drawn to scale.

[0025] In the attached figure:

[0026] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the main steps of a testing method according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a test system according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 3 is a result diagram of a static sedimentation experiment according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 4 This is a graph showing boiling point results of mixed solutions of C6F12O and 2-BTP in different proportions according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 5 is the synergistic factor corresponding to different mole fractions of 2-btp according to an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] Embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Although certain embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the accompanying drawings, it should be understood that the present disclosure can be implemented in various forms and should not be construed as being limited to the embodiments described herein. On the contrary, these embodiments are provided to provide a more thorough and complete understanding of the present disclosure. It should be understood that the drawings and embodiments of the present disclosure are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present disclosure.

[0032] It should also be noted that, for ease of description, only the parts related to the invention are shown in the drawings. In the absence of conflict, the embodiments and features in the embodiments of the present disclosure may be combined with each other.

[0033] It should be noted that the concepts of "first" and "second" mentioned in this disclosure are only used to distinguish different devices, modules or units, and are not used to limit the order or interdependence of the functions performed by these devices, modules or units.

[0034] It should be noted that the modifications of "one" and "multiple" mentioned in the present disclosure are illustrative rather than restrictive, and those skilled in the art should understand that unless otherwise clearly indicated in the context, they should be understood as "one or more".

[0035] The names of the messages or information exchanged between multiple devices in the embodiments of the present disclosure are only used for illustrative purposes and are not used to limit the scope of these messages or information.

[0036] The present disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and in conjunction with embodiments.

[0037] As a first aspect of the present invention, some embodiments of the present invention provide a mixed fire extinguishing agent comprising: 2-bromo-3,3,3-trifluoropropene and perfluoro-2-methyl-3-pentanone.

[0038] In some embodiments of the present invention, the ratio of the mass of 2-bromo-3,3,3-trifluoropropene to the mass of perfluoro-2-methyl-3-pentanone ranges from 0.1 to 1.

[0039] In some embodiments of the present invention, the mass percentage of 2-bromo-3,3,3-trifluoropropene in the mixed fire extinguishing agent ranges from 10% to 50%.

[0040] In some embodiments of the present invention, the mass percentage of perfluoro-2-methyl-3-pentanone in the mixed fire extinguishing agent ranges from 50% to 90%.

[0041] In some embodiments of the present invention, the synergistic factor of 2-bromo-3,3,3-trifluoropropene and perfluoro-2-methyl-3-pentanone in the mixed fire extinguishing agent is in the range of 0.8 to 0.9; and / or the minimum fire extinguishing concentration of the mixed fire extinguishing agent is in the range of 2% to 5%. As a second aspect of the present invention, some embodiments of the present invention provide a device comprising:

[0042] As a second aspect of the present invention, referring to Figure 1 As shown, some embodiments of the present invention provide a testing method for testing the mixed fire extinguishing agent mentioned above; the testing method comprises the following steps:

[0043] S100: mixing 2-bromo-3,3,3-trifluoropropene and perfluoro-2-methyl-3-pentanone according to a preset mass ratio;

[0044] S200: generating a controllable flame;

[0045] S300: Use a mixture of 2-bromo-3,3,3-trifluoropropene and perfluoro-2-methyl-3-pentanone to extinguish controlled flames;

[0046] S400: Measures the minimum extinguishing concentration of the mixture.

[0047] In some embodiments of the present invention, in step S200, a cup burner is used to generate a controllable flame.

[0048] In some embodiments of the present invention, in step 300, 2-bromo-3,3,3-trifluoropropene and perfluoro-2-methyl-3-pentanone are gasified and then mixed.

[0049] In some embodiments of the present invention, step 400 includes: detecting an image of a controllable flame.

[0050] In some embodiments of the present invention, step 400 includes: detecting the temperature of the controllable flame.

[0051] Perfluoro-2-methyl-3-pentanone (hereinafter referred to as C6F12O) is a fluorinated ketone compound that has become a promising next-generation halon substitute.

[0052] Unlike HFC compounds, C6F12O combines the advantages of IG and HFC fire extinguishing agents while offering an ODP of 0, a GWP of only 1, and an atmospheric lifetime of approximately two weeks.

[0053] In addition, unsaturated bromoolefins also meet these requirements. Because they can react with OH radicals in the atmosphere and degrade rapidly, their lifetime in the atmosphere is usually only a few days to a few weeks. 2-Bromo-3,3,3-trifluoropropene (2-BTP) is a new type of fire extinguishing agent that can quickly extinguish fires by suppressing the free radical chain reaction of the flame. It is worth noting that 2-BTP and Halon 1301 have partially similar chemical structures (both contain CF3 groups and bromine atoms), so their fire extinguishing capabilities may not be much different. The ODP of 2-BTP is about 0.0028 and the GWP is <5. Compared with traditional chlorine- or bromine-containing fire extinguishing agents (such as halons), its impact on ozone depletion and climate change is almost negligible.

[0054] While C6F12O and 2-BTP offer significant advantages over IG and HFC fire extinguishing agents in terms of fire extinguishing performance and environmental characteristics, they each possess certain drawbacks. For example, C6F12O has a minimum extinguishing concentration (MEC) of approximately 4.5-7% by volume for different fuels, while 2-BTP has a lower MEC of approximately 2.5-4%, comparable to that of halon 1301. Consequently, C6F12O exhibits slightly lower fire extinguishing efficiency compared to halon 1301, requiring higher concentrations or longer extinguishing times for effective fire extinguishing. By blending 2-BTP with C6F12O, the overall extinguishing concentration is expected to be lowered, improving extinguishing efficiency. This allows for more effective fire suppression in situations where rapid extinguishing is required, thereby minimizing losses. Furthermore, C6F12O has a boiling point of 49°C, while 2-BTP has a boiling point of 29-30°C. By adjusting the ratio of these two compounds to achieve azeotropy, the physical properties of the fire extinguishing agent can be optimized, making it more suitable for a wider range of environmental conditions, such as lower temperatures and pressures. This modification can increase the volatility and thermodynamic equilibrium point of the mixture, enhancing its performance in a variety of environments.

[0055] 2-Bromo-3,3,3-trifluoropropene (2-BTP) has a global warming potential of approximately 5, which, while relatively low, is not zero. Mixing it with C6F12O, which has a global warming potential of 1, can significantly reduce the overall global warming potential of the mixture, thereby minimizing the environmental impact of the fire extinguishing agent and aligning with the global trend of reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Furthermore, the industrial production costs of C6F12O and 2-BTP differ significantly. The synthesis of C6F12O primarily uses hexafluoropropylene (C3F6) as a raw material. The process is relatively simple, involving polymerization and oxidation reactions, and is relatively low in cost. In contrast, the main raw materials for 2-BTP are trifluoropropene (C3H3F6) and bromine (Br2), and its production involves bromination and dehydrobromination reactions. These processes require stringent operating conditions, particularly in the bromination and elimination steps, which require strict control to avoid the formation of byproducts. Furthermore, compared with fluorination, bromination is more corrosive and imposes higher safety requirements, further increasing production complexity and equipment costs. At present, the bulk purchase price of C6F12O is about 80 yuan / kg, while the price of 2-BTP is 400 yuan / kg. Therefore, the combination of C6F12O and 2-BTP can not only optimize the fire extinguishing performance, but also effectively reduce the overall cost.

[0056] This study investigated the fire extinguishing performance of mixed fire extinguishing agents containing 2-BTP as a C6F12O additive to determine the optimal concentration ratio for effective synergy. A custom platform based on a standard cup burner was developed to measure the minimum extinguishing concentration (MEC) of the combined suppressant at various 2-BTP concentrations. During the experiments, key parameters such as temperature at different flame locations, as well as flame characteristics such as flame height and area, were recorded to comprehensively evaluate the suppressant's performance and understand its mechanism of action. The synergy factor of the combined suppressant was determined.

[0057] C6F12O and 2-BTP exhibit different physical properties: the boiling point of C6F12O is 49°C and the density is 1.6 g / cm 3 , while the boiling point of 2-BTP is 29-30℃ and the concentration is 1.7g / cm 3 Detailed physicochemical parameters are shown in Table 1. Therefore, before beginning the formulation process, their compatibility must be assessed. Predicting the miscibility of C6F12O and 2-BTP can help determine whether they can form a homogeneous and stable mixture, ensuring optimal performance in real-world applications. Furthermore, this assessment can help optimize the mixing ratio, avoid phase separation, improve product safety, and ensure proper storage conditions, thereby guaranteeing overall effectiveness. This is crucial for ensuring operational efficiency and safety in real-world applications.

[0058] Materials Studio (MS) can accurately simulate intermolecular interactions, thereby calculating the Flory-Huggins interaction parameter (Chi or χ), mixing energy (Emix), and Gibbs free energy of mixing (Gm) between different substances. These parameters directly affect the solubility and phase stability of the system.

[0059] The free energy of mixing, Gm, is a necessary but not sufficient condition for determining whether solutions can spontaneously mix. Gm is determined by changes in enthalpy (ΔHm) and entropy (ΔSm) and is related to temperature (T). According to thermodynamic principles, when Gm < 0 (negative value), the mixing process is spontaneous, indicating good compatibility between the components and a tendency for the system to form a homogeneous mixture.

[0060] The Flory-Huggins interaction parameter (χ) reflects the strength of interactions between components in a mixed solution. A higher χ value (χ > 1) indicates poor compatibility, making phase separation more likely. Conversely, a lower χ value (χ < 1 or a negative value) indicates good compatibility, favoring the formation of a stable, homogeneous, single-phase mixture.

[0061] Mixing energy (Emix) reflects the changes in the internal energy of the system during the preparation process, particularly the interactions between the solution components. Generally, the closer the Emix value is to 0, the more favorable the intermolecular interactions are for forming a homogeneous mixture, and the change in the internal energy of the system is minimized, indicating better compatibility.

[0062] The minimum extinguishing concentration (MEC) is the minimum concentration of an extinguishing agent required to extinguish a specific type of fire, typically expressed as a percentage by volume. It is a key evaluation metric for determining the minimum effective dose of an extinguishing agent in practical applications. A lower MEC indicates greater efficiency, meaning less suppressant is required to extinguish the fire, which is crucial for designing efficient fire suppression systems. The MEC also influences the environmental impact of suppressants; a lower MEC means less suppressant is used during firefighting, helping to minimize atmospheric damage and environmental pollution.

[0063] The cup burner method is commonly used to determine MEC. This method involves maintaining a controlled flame in a small burner and introducing a fire extinguishing agent at gradually increasing concentrations until the flame is extinguished. This concentration represents the MEC, indicating that the fire extinguishing agent must be at or above this concentration to effectively extinguish the flame. Both C6F12O and 2-BTP are gaseous fire extinguishing agents. The formula for calculating the fire extinguishing concentration (FEC) of a gaseous fire extinguishing agent is as follows:

[0064]

[0065] Vg represents the volume flow rate of the vaporized mixed fire extinguishing agent in L / min, and Vair is the volume flow rate of air. During the experiment, the measured flow rate is the liquid flow rate of the fire extinguishing agent through the peristaltic pump. Combined with the heating temperature of the mixing chamber, the volume flow rate can be determined using the ideal gas law. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0066]

[0067] The cup burner is directly exposed to the atmosphere, so the P value is considered to be the atmospheric pressure at the test site. m is the mass flow rate of the mixed extinguishing agent, expressed in g / min. R is the gas constant, with a value of 8.314. T is the chamber temperature. m is the molar mass of the liquid extinguishing agent, expressed in g / mol.

[0068] Reference Figure 2 As shown, the test system of the present invention mainly includes three parts: an inhibitor supply system, a vaporization and mixing system, and a test system. The inhibitor supply system includes a storage tank, corrosion-resistant pipes, a peristaltic pump, a compressed air cylinder, and a flow control device, which can accurately deliver liquid inhibitors and precisely adjust the airflow. The vaporization and mixing system includes a heating coil, an oil bath, silicone oil, an electric heating tape, and a temperature controller. The oil bath and heating tape maintain the required vaporization temperature to ensure that the fire extinguishing agent is completely mixed with the air. The test system consists of an insulated chamber, a burner, a thermocouple, a perforated plate, a fuel cup, and an exhaust device. The device is used to conduct fire extinguishing experiments and determine the inhibitor concentration. Each test conducted at a given concentration is performed in triplicate. If all three tests successfully extinguish the flame, the corresponding inhibitor concentration is recorded as the apparent minimum extinguishing concentration (MEC).

[0069] Flame height reflects the intensity of combustion and is directly affected by the amount of extinguishing agent used, air flow, and ambient conditions. A gradual decrease in flame height helps determine the effective concentration range of the suppressant. The trend of flame height changes at different suppressant concentrations provides critical information. For example, the transition from a significant decrease in flame height to complete extinction can help determine the critical concentration of the suppressant—the minimum concentration required to effectively suppress the flame. According to Heskstad's research, flame height is defined as the vertical distance between the flame front and the center of the fuel pan.

[0070] In the present invention, high-speed photography is used to capture flame morphology in real time, and the images are processed using a custom-developed Python image processing program. The program uses the OpenCV image processing library to accurately identify flame parts by converting the image to the HSV color space, creating a mask, filtering the colors, merging the masks, and converting the filtered image to grayscale. It then draws the flame outline and exports the processed information of the flame height, area, and other parameters to an Excel file. Specifically, the image is first converted to the HSV color space, where the main flame colors are red, yellow, and blue, and in some cases bright white appears. The corresponding color mask is then created and filtered to generate a grayscale image. Threshold segmentation is applied to these grayscale images to generate binary images, and then noise reduction and erosion operations are performed to refine the flame outline identification. Finally, the detected flame outline is drawn with a red border on the original image and output.

[0071] The actual diameter of the combustion cup (a known physical dimension) is used as a reference for spatial calibration. A conversion factor (mm / pixel) is determined by dividing the actual diameter of the cup by the pixel width measured in the captured image. For example, if a diameter of 50 mm corresponds to 500 pixels, the resulting conversion factor is 0.1 mm / pixel. This factor is then used to convert flame height and area measurements from pixels to millimeters.

[0072] To reduce measurement errors, a high-resolution, high-speed camera was used to capture images. OpenCV algorithms were used to accurately detect the edges of the fuel cup and enhance outline clarity. The camera was aligned perpendicular to the cup, and a calibration grid was used to eliminate perspective distortion. Consistent lighting conditions were maintained throughout the experiment, and the accuracy of the pixel-to-millimeter conversion was regularly verified using scaled reference objects. For each experimental condition, multiple images were captured and averaged to minimize random errors.

[0073] Flame temperature is a key parameter that directly reflects the performance of fire extinguishing agents and is a direct indicator of combustion intensity. By comparing flame temperatures, the effectiveness of different fire extinguishing agent formulations in suppressing flames can be evaluated, helping to determine the optimal formulation. This allows for optimal fire extinguishing performance at the lowest concentration or with the best cost-effectiveness.

[0074] In this study, four K-type armored thermocouples were placed at different points along the flame: at the bottom (1 cm above the n-heptane surface), in the middle (5 cm and 8 cm above the n-heptane surface), and at the top (15 cm above the n-heptane surface). These thermocouples were enclosed in high-temperature resistant 2520 stainless steel tubes and used to monitor temperature changes at different flame locations as the extinguishing agent interacted with the flame over time using a real-time data acquisition system.

[0075] The data acquisition system used was a DaqPRO 800Q eight-channel data logger with a sampling rate of 10 samples per second and a sampling accuracy of 0.05% FS ± 0.5°C.

[0076] Reference Figure 3 Figure 2 shows the results of a 72-hour static sedimentation test of C6F12O / 2-BTP mixtures at room temperature (approximately 22±1°C) and atmospheric pressure, with 2-BTP mass fractions of 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50%. The experiments showed no significant phase separation or precipitation after 72 hours. These results are consistent with the simulation results, confirming that C6F12O and 2-BTP can form stable mixtures at different ratios. Furthermore, this demonstrates that the fire extinguishing agent formulation is highly flexible, and the ratio of 2-BTP or C6F12O can be adjusted according to specific requirements, thereby achieving a wide range of applications.

[0077] C6F12O and 2-BTP are two compounds with different physical properties, and the boiling points of their mixtures can vary depending on their ratio. Mixed solutions can also exhibit different vaporization characteristics under various environmental conditions. Measuring boiling points helps assess the effect of their ratio on physical properties and predict vaporization behavior and extinguishing efficiency during firefighting.

[0078] The boiling point of a mixed solution is usually calculated using Raoult's law and Dalton's law of partial pressures, depending on the properties and composition of the solution. According to Raoult's law, the total vapor pressure is the sum of the partial pressures of each component:

[0079]

[0080] xA and xB are the mole fractions of components A and B, and PA and PB are the saturated vapor pressures of pure components A and B at given temperatures.

[0081]

[0082] P* stands for saturated vapor pressure, T is the temperature, and A, B, and C are constants associated with a particular substance. By adjusting the temperature T, the saturated vapor pressure of each component can be found. The equilibrium temperature is the boiling point of the mixed solution.

[0083] The present invention uses a standardized chemical boiling point tester (GB / T616-2006) to measure the boiling points of mixed solutions of C6F12O and 2-BTP in different proportions. The results are as follows Figure 4As shown in Figure 3 . When the 2-BTP ratio is 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, and 50%, the boiling points of the mixture are 40.8°C, 36.6°C, 35.5°C, 35.2°C, and 34.6°C, respectively. These data indicate that as the 2-BTP ratio increases, the intermolecular forces are redistributed, and the vaporization characteristics of the mixture significantly improve. The decrease in boiling point indicates that the mixture vaporizes more easily, allowing it to spread faster during fire extinguishing and quickly cover the fire source. This helps improve fire extinguishing efficiency and provides experimental evidence for further optimizing the application of C6F12O and 2-BTP mixtures.

[0084] However, it is worth noting that the addition of small amounts of 2-BTP can significantly lower the boiling point of the mixed fire extinguishing agent. When the ratio of C6F12O to 2-BTP is 9:1, the boiling point of the mixture drops from 49°C (the boiling point of pure C6F12O) to 40.8°C. As the 2-BTP ratio increases, the boiling point continues to decrease, reaching 34.6°C at a 5:5 ratio, close to the boiling point of pure 2-BTP at 31°C. However, further increasing the 2-BTP ratio leads to diminishing returns in boiling point reduction. Therefore, a 5:5 ratio of C6F12O to 2-BTP significantly improves vaporization characteristics and achieves a low boiling point close to that of pure 2-BTP, while providing excellent cost-effectiveness. This ratio ensures effective fire suppression and provides an ideal balance between boiling point (volatility) and cost.

[0085] The minimum extinguishing concentration (MEC) of a mixed fire extinguishing agent is a key indicator for evaluating its performance, designing fire suppression systems, and minimizing environmental impact. The determination of MEC is clearly defined by relevant standards and regulations, and this paper strictly adheres to these guidelines, using the calculation method described above. The experimental results are shown in Table 1.

[0086] The results showed that the MEC of pure C6F12O was 4.6% and that of pure 2-BTP was 2.6%, consistent with current industry findings and confirming the accuracy of the equipment used. Furthermore, as the mass fraction of 2-BTP in the mixed extinguishing agent increased from 10% to 50%, the MEC gradually decreased from 3.69% to 2.98%. This trend clearly demonstrates that the fire extinguishing efficiency of the mixture significantly improved with increasing 2-BTP content.

[0087] Table 1

[0088]

[0089] However, it is noteworthy that the MEC reduction of mixed suppressants exhibits significant marginal effects. Specifically, increasing the 2-BTP ratio to 20% improves suppression performance by 25%. Further increasing it from 20% to 50% results in a 13.6% improvement, while a subsequent increase from 50% to pure 2-BTP (100%) only yields a 12.7% improvement. Therefore, further increases in 2-BTP content yield diminishing returns, as suppression efficiency gradually saturates. This consideration is particularly important given that 2-BTP has significantly higher raw material and synthesis costs than C6F12O, and its use may result in the formation of toxic brominated byproducts during combustion. Furthermore, its strong corrosiveness imposes stricter requirements on storage materials and poses a higher risk of damage when discharged into environments with delicate equipment. Considering these factors, a 50% mixing ratio offers substantial benefits, offers significant application and economic value for industrial fire suppression systems, and likely represents the optimal balance of overall performance.

[0090] In the formulation and application of fire extinguishing agents, calculating the synergy factor to quantify the interaction between two agents is crucial for evaluating the performance enhancement of mixed fire extinguishing agents. The synergy factor is typically used to determine whether the effects of two or more components in a mixture are enhanced or diminished. In this study, the synergy factor also helps verify the theoretical feasibility of experimental results. If there is no synergistic extinguishing effect between C6F12O and 2-BTP, the coefficient is 1; if there is a positive synergistic effect, the value will be less than 1.

[0091] In related art (e.g., LOTT JL, CHRISTIAN SD, SLIEPCEVICH CM, et al. Synergism between chemical and physical fire-suppressant agents [J]. Fire Technology, 1996, 32(3): 260-271.), Lott et al. proposed the concept of synergistic factor, which is defined as:

[0092]

[0093] n1 and n2 represent the amounts of one suppressant and the other suppressant in the mixed fire extinguishing agent during extinguishing, in moles; n10 and n20 represent the amounts of one suppressant and the other suppressant, respectively, when used alone in air, in moles. For example, in the present invention, the two suppressants are C6F12O and 2-BTP.

[0094] Refer to Table 2 and Figure 5 As shown, they show the synergy factors of mixed inhibitors at different 2-BTP concentrations, clearly illustrating how the addition of 2-BTP affects the performance and synergy factors of the inhibitors.

[0095] Table 2

[0096]

[0097] In the formulation and application of fire extinguishing agents, calculating the synergy factor to quantify the interaction between two agents is crucial for evaluating the performance enhancement of mixed fire extinguishing agents. The synergy factor is typically used to determine whether the effects of two or more components in a mixture are enhanced or diminished. In this study, the synergy factor also helps verify the theoretical feasibility of experimental results. If there is no synergistic extinguishing effect between C6F12O and 2-BTP, the coefficient is 1; if there is a positive synergistic effect, the value will be less than 1.

[0098] From the above, it can be seen that the synergistic factors of C6F12O and 2-BTP prove that they act synergistically.

[0099] In summary, the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0100] The mixed fire extinguishing agent composed of 2-BTP and C6F12O exhibits excellent thermal stability and compatibility over a wide temperature range, meeting current environmental standards and providing a more environmentally friendly alternative to traditional halogenated fire extinguishing agents. The addition of 2-BTP redistributes the intermolecular forces in the mixture, significantly lowering the boiling point from 49.0°C to 34.6°C.

[0101] The 2-BTP blend combines enhanced chemical suppression with physical cooling and dilution effects, effectively disrupting the combustion process. With increasing 2-BTP content, flame temperature and height decrease, and the minimum extinguishing concentration (MEC) decreases from 4.60% to 2.98%.

[0102] 3FTIR, GC-MS, and EPR analysis revealed that the synergistic effect of C6F12O and 2-BTP during the fire extinguishing process resulted in a dual inhibitory effect. 2-BTP released reactive species such as CF3, HBr, Br, and various hydrocarbon intermediates, effectively suppressing the flame chain reaction through chemical interference. C6F12O partially decomposed at high temperatures, producing flame-suppressing ionic fragments such as CF3 and C4F9CO. These fragments trapped flame radicals and formed fluorides and other inhibitory intermediates, further disrupting the combustion process. Furthermore, the enhanced endothermic evaporation efficiency of C6F12O provided additional physical cooling to pure 2-BTP, thereby enhancing its overall inhibitory performance.

[0103] A 450% mixing ratio effectively reduces the suppressant's boiling point, as well as flame temperature, height, and area. It demonstrates strong performance in both chemical suppression and physical cooling, significantly reducing overall cost of use, improving environmental benefits, and controlling overall corrosiveness and post-combustion product toxicity. This ratio provides the most favorable balance among multiple performance indicators.

[0104] The above description is only an illustration of some preferred embodiments of the present disclosure and the technical principles used. Those skilled in the art should understand that the scope of the invention involved in the embodiments of the present disclosure is not limited to the technical solutions formed by the specific combination of the above-mentioned technical features, but should also cover other technical solutions formed by any combination of the above-mentioned technical features or their equivalent features without departing from the above-mentioned inventive concept. For example, the above-mentioned features are replaced with (but not limited to) technical features with similar functions disclosed in the embodiments of the present disclosure.

Claims

1. A mixed fire extinguishing agent, characterized in that: The mixed fire extinguishing agent comprises: 2-Bromo-3,3,3-trifluoropropene and perfluoro-2-methyl-3-pentanone.

2. The mixed fire extinguishing agent according to claim 1, characterized in that: in, The ratio of the mass of the 2-bromo-3,3,3-trifluoropropene to the mass of the perfluoro-2-methyl-3-pentanone is in the range of 0.1 to 1.

3. The mixed fire extinguishing agent according to claim 2, characterized in that: in, The mass percentage of the 2-bromo-3,3,3-trifluoropropene in the mixed fire extinguishing agent ranges from 10% to 50%.

4. The mixed fire extinguishing agent according to claim 3, characterized in that: in, The mass percentage of the perfluoro-2-methyl-3-pentanone in the mixed fire extinguishing agent ranges from 50% to 90%.

5. The mixed fire extinguishing agent according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: in, The synergistic factor of the 2-bromo-3,3,3-trifluoropropene and the perfluoro-2-methyl-3-pentanone in the mixed fire extinguishing agent ranges from 0.8 to 0.9; And / or, the minimum fire extinguishing concentration of the mixed fire extinguishing agent ranges from 2% to 5%.

6. A test method for testing the mixed fire extinguishing agent according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: in, The testing method comprises the following steps: S100: mixing the 2-bromo-3,3,3-trifluoropropene and the perfluoro-2-methyl-3-pentanone according to a preset mass ratio; S200: generating a controllable flame; S300: extinguishing the controllable flame using the mixture of 2-bromo-3,3,3-trifluoropropene and perfluoro-2-methyl-3-pentanone; S400: Measure the minimum fire extinguishing concentration of the mixture.

7. The testing method according to claim 6, characterized in that: in, In the step S200, a cup burner is used to generate the controllable flame.

8. The testing method according to claim 7, characterized in that: in, In step 300, the 2-bromo-3,3,3-trifluoropropene and the perfluoro-2-methyl-3-pentanone are gasified and then mixed.

9. The testing method according to claim 8, characterized in that: in, The step 400 includes: An image of the controllable flame is detected.

10. The testing method according to claim 6, characterized in that: in, The step 400 includes: The temperature of the controllable flame is detected.

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