Tail gas carbon capture system for cargo ship

Abstract

The invention relates to a tail gas carbon capture system for a cargo ship in the field of separation equipment, which is characterized in that tail gas flows through a plurality of layers of concentrically arranged isolation cylinders and filler bodies as well as a liquid discharge assembly, so that the tail gas and an absorbent have a relatively large accumulated effective contact area; the mode that packing layers in a traditional absorption tower are vertically arranged in multiple layers is replaced, the requirement for the height of the absorption tower is lowered while the carbon dioxide absorption efficiency of an absorbent is guaranteed, and the requirement for the occupied volume of a marine installed carbon capture system is met; meanwhile, by virtue of a guide plate, a circulating pump and a second concentration sensor, layered low-concentration absorption mixed liquid accumulated at the bottom of the absorption tower is circularly extracted and injected, so that the concentration of the absorption mixed liquid is improved, and the absorption efficiency of the absorbent per unit volume is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a ship-based carbon capture system, and in particular to an exhaust gas carbon capture system for cargo ships applied in the field of separation equipment. Background Art

[0002] A marine carbon capture system (CCS) is an emission reduction technology designed specifically for ships. Its core technology involves directly capturing CO2 from a ship's engine exhaust through integrated absorption, filtration, or cryogenic separation devices. Typically installed at the end of a ship's chimney or exhaust duct, the system utilizes chemical absorbents, nano-membrane materials, or novel solid-state adsorbents to selectively separate and compress the CO2 gas, which is then stored in a liquefied tank or converted into a usable resource.

[0003] In shipboard carbon capture systems, traditional single-layer structured packing towers suffer from the inherent drawback of insufficient interphase mass transfer efficiency in response to the high-volume exhaust loads generated by marine diesel engines. To ensure efficient gas-liquid interaction between the alkaline absorbent and carbon dioxide in a turbulent flow field, existing systems often utilize axially stacked multi-stage packing beds to enhance the mass transfer process. However, this design significantly increases the vertical space required for the tower. Constrained by the limited cargo space of ship platforms, this highly efficient configuration creates a contradiction between device integration and space utilization, becoming a technical bottleneck restricting the development of compact shipboard carbon capture systems.

[0004] The existing patent with publication number CN117225164B discloses a high-performance marine carbon capture system that reduces energy consumption, and relates to the field of marine carbon capture technology. It includes a first processing chamber, a second processing chamber, and a third processing chamber. The first processing chamber is located below the second processing chamber, and the third processing chamber is located above the first processing chamber. The first processing chamber, the second processing chamber, and the third processing chamber are connected. The top outer wall of the first processing chamber and a side of the second processing chamber are fixedly installed with an organic base. By starting the first motor to drive the first bevel gear to rotate, the first bevel gear drives the second bevel gear to drive the central shaft to rotate, and the central shaft rotation drives the circulation fan to operate, driving the exhaust gas to flow through the reaction chamber and the filter plate on the top to circulate inside the first processing chamber and the second processing chamber, thereby driving the atomized solution to circulate, increasing the reaction time between the solution and the exhaust gas, increasing the utilization rate of the solution, and increasing the exhaust gas reaction time and flow path, thereby improving the reaction decarbonization effect.

[0005] The above-mentioned prior art improves the absorption efficiency of the absorbent by driving the circulation of the atomized absorbent through airflow, but does not solve the problem of the excessive vertical height of the absorption tower caused by the limited absorption efficiency of a single-layer filler layer. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In view of the above-mentioned prior art, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is that the absorption efficiency of a single-layer packing layer is limited, resulting in the vertical height of the absorption tower being too high.

[0007] To solve the above problems, the present invention provides an exhaust carbon capture system for cargo ships, comprising an absorption tower and a desorption tower; the absorption tower comprises a tower body, a packing layer is fixedly connected to the tower body, the packing layer comprises a cylinder, a plurality of concentrically arranged isolation cylinders are fixedly connected to the cylinder body, a central tube connected to the inner cavity of the innermost isolation cylinder is fixedly connected to the central axial position of the cylinder body, a packing body is fixedly connected between adjacent isolation cylinders and between the central tube and the innermost isolation cylinder, the isolation cylinders are provided with guide holes on the outer side of the packing body, the guide holes on two adjacent isolation cylinders are staggered in an up-and-down manner, the lower end of the cylinder body is provided with circumferentially distributed air inlet holes, the air inlet holes are connected to the annular cavity between the outermost isolation cylinder and the cylinder body;

[0008] A liquid distribution pipe assembly is fixedly provided above the packing layer, and the liquid distribution pipe assembly includes a plurality of nozzles arranged above the packing body; a drainage assembly is provided at the lower part of the cylinder, and a plurality of drip holes respectively connected to the inner cavity of each isolation cylinder are provided on the bottom plate of the cylinder, and a columnar cavity connected to each drip hole is provided on the bottom plate of the cylinder, and the drainage assembly includes a core shaft rotatably nested in the columnar cavity, and the core shaft is provided with a plurality of through holes matching the drip holes; a section of the core shaft is fixedly connected to a clamping frame, and the clamping frame is slidably clamped with an eccentric groove disk, and the eccentric groove disk is fixedly connected to a lower rotating shaft, and the lower rotating shaft extends to the opening at the upper end of the center tube and is fixedly connected to an impeller.

[0009] In the above-mentioned exhaust gas carbon capture system for cargo ships, the effective contact area between carbon dioxide and the absorbent is increased by the packing layer including a plurality of concentrically arranged isolation tubes and a packing body, thereby reducing the required height of the absorption tower.

[0010] As a further improvement of the present application, the lower part of the tower body is fixedly connected to a smoke inlet pipe connected to the cavity below the packing layer, the upper end of the tower body is fixedly connected to a smoke exhaust pipe connected to the cavity above the packing layer, and the tower body is fixedly connected to a demister above the packing layer; a flow sensor is fixedly connected to the smoke inlet pipe, and the flow sensor is used to monitor the flow of flue gas entering the tower body; a first concentration sensor is fixedly connected to the smoke exhaust pipe, and the first concentration sensor is used to monitor the concentration of carbon dioxide in the exhaust gas after decarbonization; a first electromagnetic flow valve is installed at the connection between the liquid extraction pump and the liquid distribution pipe assembly, and the first electromagnetic flow valve is used to monitor the absorbent injection flow; the liquid extraction pump, the flow sensor, the first concentration sensor, and the first electromagnetic flow valve are all electrically connected to the same controller.

[0011] As a further improvement of the present application, a guide plate fixedly connected to the inner wall of the tower body is provided below the packing layer, and the guide plate divides the lower cavity of the tower body into two left and right cavities that are connected at the lower part. A liquid extraction pipe fixedly connected to the tower body is provided on the side of the guide plate away from the smoke inlet pipe. The liquid extraction pipe is fixedly connected to a circulation pump, and the circulation pump is connected to the liquid inlet pipe through a reflux pipe. A second electromagnetic flow valve is fixedly connected to the connection between the reflux pipe and the liquid inlet pipe.

[0012] As a further improvement of the present application, the liquid distribution pipe assembly includes a liquid inlet pipe, which is rotatably connected to a rotating cylinder. The rotating cylinder is fixedly connected to a plurality of horizontal pipes equidistantly distributed around the circumference. The horizontal pipes are fixedly connected to a plurality of branch pipes extending into the cylinder body, and the lower ends of the branch pipes are fixedly connected to the nozzle; the lower end of the rotating cylinder is fixedly connected to the impeller through an upper rotating shaft, and the branch pipes are fixedly connected to a rotating ring rotatably connected to the cylinder body.

[0013] As a further improvement of the present application, the liquid distribution pipe assembly is connected to a liquid pump, which is connected to the liquid outlet end of the desorption tower. The lower part of the tower body is fixedly connected to a liquid discharge pipe, which is fixedly connected to a liquid discharge pump, and the liquid discharge pump is connected to the liquid inlet end of the desorption tower.

[0014] As a further improvement of the present application, a rotating cavity connected to the columnar cavity is opened at the lower part of the cylinder, an eccentric groove disk is arranged in the rotating cavity, the eccentric groove disk is opened with a guide groove, and the clamping frame is fixedly connected with a sliding column slidably connected to the guide groove.

[0015] As a further improvement of the present application, the guide plate includes a vertical plate and an inclined plate integrally formed with the vertical plate. The inclined plate is arranged below the drainage assembly, and the height of the lower end opening of the liquid suction tube is higher than the height of the lower end surface of the vertical plate.

[0016] As a further improvement of the present application, a second concentration sensor extending into the collecting chamber at the lower part of the tower body is fixedly connected to the lower part of the tower body. The setting height of the second concentration sensor is the same as the setting height of the lower edge of the guide plate. The second concentration sensor monitors the concentration of the absorption mixed liquid. The guide plate is fixedly connected to a liquid level sensor. The liquid level sensor monitors the liquid level in the collecting chamber at the lower part of the tower body in real time. Both the second concentration sensor and the liquid level sensor are electrically connected to the controller.

[0017] In summary, the present invention allows the exhaust gas to flow through the multiple concentrically arranged packing bodies through a packing layer including multiple layers of isolation tubes and packing bodies, so that the exhaust gas and the absorbent have a larger cumulative effective contact area, replacing the vertical multi-layer arrangement of the packing layers in the traditional absorption tower. While ensuring the absorbent's carbon dioxide absorption efficiency, the requirement for the height of the absorption tower is reduced, and it adapts to the volume occupied by the ship-mounted carbon capture system; at the same time, through the drainage component linked to the impeller, the packing layer periodically discharges the absorbed mixed liquid, realizing the up and down flow of the exhaust gas between multiple concentrically arranged packing layers, improving the air pressure stability in the packing layer, and further improving the carbon dioxide absorption efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the absorption tower in this application;

[0019] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the internal structure of the absorption tower in this application;

[0020] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the packing layer in this application;

[0021] Figure 4 for Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the enlarged structure at A in the middle;

[0022] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly of the liquid distribution pipe assembly in this application;

[0023] Figure 6 for Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the enlarged structure at B in the middle;

[0024] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly of the drainage component in this application;

[0025] Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the flow of absorbent and tail gas in the packing layer;

[0026] Figure 9 for Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the enlarged structure at point C in the middle.

[0027] Description of the numbers in the figure:

[0028] 1. Tower body; 2. Packing layer; 3. Smoke inlet pipe; 4. Demister; 5. Smoke exhaust pipe; 6. Liquid distribution pipe assembly; 601. Liquid inlet pipe; 602. Rotating cylinder; 603. Horizontal pipe; 604. Branch pipe; 605. Nozzle; 7. Liquid extraction pump; 8. Liquid discharge pipe; 9. Liquid discharge pump; 10. Cylinder; 1001. Air inlet hole; 1002. Rotating ring; 1003. Columnar cavity; 1004. Drip hole; 1005. Rotating cavity; 11. Isolation cylinder; 1101. Guide hole; 12. Filling Material body; 13. Center tube; 14. Drain assembly; 1401. Core shaft; 1402. Snap-on frame; 1403. Eccentric groove disc; 1404. Through hole; 15. Upper rotating shaft; 16. Impeller; 17. Lower rotating shaft; 18. Flow sensor; 19. First concentration sensor; 20. First electromagnetic flow valve; 21. Guide plate; 22. Liquid extraction pipe; 23. Circulation pump; 24. Return pipe; 25. Second electromagnetic flow valve; 26. Second concentration sensor; 27. Liquid level sensor. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The following describes two implementation methods of the present application in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0030] The first implementation method:

[0031] Figure 1-9 The present invention shows a carbon capture system for exhaust gas used in cargo ships, including an absorption tower and a desorption tower; the absorption tower includes a tower body 1, a packing layer 2 is fixedly connected to the tower body 1, the packing layer 2 includes a cylinder 10, a plurality of concentrically arranged isolation cylinders 11 are fixedly connected to the cylinder 10, a central tube 13 connected to the inner cavity of the innermost isolation cylinder 11 is fixedly connected to the central axial position of the cylinder 10, a packing body 12 is fixedly connected between adjacent isolation cylinders 11 and between the central tube 13 and the innermost isolation cylinder 11, and the isolation cylinder 11 is provided with a guide tube on the outside of the packing body 12. The guide holes 1101 on two adjacent isolation cylinders 11 are staggered in an up-and-down manner. The lower end of the cylinder 10 is provided with circumferentially distributed air inlet holes 1001, which are connected to the annular cavity between the outermost isolation cylinder 11 and the cylinder 10. When the exhaust gas enters the tower body 1, it enters the cylinder 10 through the air inlet holes 1001, then flows through the guide holes 1101 on multiple isolation cylinders 11, passes through each packing body 12, and finally enters the central tube 13, and then is discharged into the cavity of the tower body 1 above the packing layer 2.

[0032] See also Figure 4 and Figure 6A liquid distribution pipe assembly 6 is fixedly provided above the packing layer 2, and the liquid distribution pipe assembly 6 includes a plurality of nozzles 605 arranged above the packing body 12; a drainage assembly 14 is provided at the lower part of the cylinder 10, and a plurality of drip holes 1004 are respectively connected to the inner cavity of each isolation cylinder 11 on the bottom plate of the cylinder 10, and a columnar cavity 1003 is provided on the bottom plate of the cylinder 10 to communicate with each drip hole 1004, and the drainage assembly 14 includes a core shaft 1401 rotatably nested in the columnar cavity 1003, and the core shaft 1401 is provided with a plurality of through holes 1404 that cooperate with the drip holes 1004; a section of the core shaft 1401 is fixedly connected to a clamping frame 1402, and the clamping frame 1402 is slidingly connected with an eccentric groove disk 1403, and the eccentric groove disk 1403 is fixedly connected with a lower rotating shaft 17. The lower rotating shaft 17 extends to the opening at the upper end of the central tube 13 and is fixedly connected with an impeller 16. When the flue gas flows through the central tube 13 and is discharged from the upper end, it pushes the impeller 16 to rotate. The impeller 16 drives the eccentric groove disk 1403 to rotate through the lower rotating shaft 17. The eccentric groove disk 1403 drives the core shaft 1401 to move horizontally through the clamping frame 1402. When the core shaft 1401 drives the through hole 1404 to move to the relative position of the drip hole 1004, the absorption mixed liquid in the isolation cylinder 11 is discharged to the bottom of the packing layer 2 through the drip hole 1004.

[0033] For details, please refer to Figure 8 During the carbon dioxide absorption operation, the nozzle 605 of the liquid distribution pipe assembly 6 sprays the absorbent onto multiple concentrically arranged packing bodies 12. When the tail gas enters the tower body 1, it first enters the annular cavity formed between the isolation cylinder 11 and the inner wall of the cylinder 10 through the air inlet 1001 at the lower part of the cylinder 10, and then passes through the annular cavity between adjacent isolation cylinders 11 in sequence through the guide hole 1101 on the isolation cylinder 11. In this process, it flows through multiple concentrically arranged packing bodies 12 in sequence, so that the tail gas is fully in contact with the absorbent distributed in different packing bodies 12, thereby improving the cumulative effective absorption of the tail gas and the absorbent. Contact area, the exhaust gas contacts with the absorbent filled in the packing body 12 after injection, forming an absorption mixture and falling to the lower part of the cylinder 10, and finally entering the central tube 13, and pushes the impeller 16 to rotate when it is discharged from the opening at the upper end of the central tube 13. The impeller 16 drives the eccentric groove disk 1403 to rotate through the lower rotating shaft 17, and the eccentric groove disk 1403 drives the core shaft 1401 to make periodic lateral movements through the clamping frame 1402. When the through hole 1404 on the core shaft 1401 coincides with the drip hole 1004, the absorption mixture is discharged to the cavity below the packing layer 2 through the drip hole 1004 for periodic drainage.

[0034] Compared with the traditional exhaust carbon capture system, the present invention uses a packing layer 2 including multiple concentrically arranged isolation tubes 11 and packing bodies 12, so that the exhaust gas flows through the multiple concentrically arranged packing bodies 12, so that the exhaust gas and the absorbent have a larger cumulative effective contact area, and replaces the traditional absorption tower packing layer with a vertical multi-layer arrangement. While ensuring the absorbent's carbon dioxide absorption efficiency, it reduces the requirement for the absorption tower height and adapts to the volume occupied by the ship-mounted carbon capture system; at the same time, the drainage component 14 linked to the impeller 16 enables the packing layer 2 to periodically discharge the absorbed mixed liquid, so that the exhaust gas can flow up and down between multiple concentrically arranged packing layers 2, thereby improving the air pressure stability in the packing layer 2 and further improving the carbon dioxide absorption efficiency.

[0035] See also Figure 2 The lower part of the tower body 1 is fixedly connected to a smoke inlet pipe 3 connected to the cavity below the packing layer 2, the upper end of the tower body 1 is fixedly connected to a smoke exhaust pipe 5 connected to the cavity above the packing layer 2, and the tower body 1 is fixedly connected to a demister 4 located above the packing layer 2.

[0036] Specifically, the exhaust gas enters the cavity of the tower body 1 below the packing layer 2 through the smoke inlet pipe 3, then flows into the packing layer 2 and enters the cavity of the tower body 1 above the packing layer 2, and then is discharged from the exhaust pipe 5 after being defogged by the demister 4, while the absorbed mixed liquid remains in the collection chamber at the bottom of the tower body 1; it should be noted that the exhaust gas in this application refers to the exhaust gas after pre-treatment such as desulfurization and heat exchange and cooling. The desulfurization and heat exchange and cooling devices are both existing technologies and will not be elaborated in this application.

[0037] See also Figure 2 The liquid distribution pipe assembly 6 is connected to a liquid pump 7, which is connected to the liquid outlet of the desorption tower. The lower part of the tower body 1 is fixedly connected to a liquid discharge pipe 8, which is fixedly connected to a liquid discharge pump 9, which is connected to the liquid inlet of the desorption tower.

[0038] Specifically, the tail gas is decarbonized by absorbing carbon dioxide through an absorption tower, and then an absorption mixture is obtained. The absorption mixture is injected into the desorption tower through a drainage pump 9, and after heating and decarbonization, a regenerated absorbent is obtained. The regenerated absorbent is then injected into the liquid distribution pipe assembly 6 through a liquid pump 7. The above process is existing technology and will not be repeated in this application.

[0039] See also Figure 3 and Figure 4The liquid distribution pipe assembly 6 includes a liquid inlet pipe 601, which is rotatably connected to a rotating cylinder 602. The rotating cylinder 602 is fixedly connected to a plurality of horizontal pipes 603 that are equidistantly distributed around the circumference. The horizontal pipes 603 are fixedly connected to a plurality of branch pipes 604 that extend into the cylinder body 10. The lower ends of the branch pipes 604 are fixedly connected to the nozzles 605. The lower end of the rotating cylinder 602 is fixedly connected to the impeller 16 through the upper rotating shaft 15. The branch pipe 604 is fixedly connected to a rotating ring 1002 that is rotatably connected to the cylinder body 10. The impeller 16 drives the rotating cylinder 602 to rotate through the upper rotating shaft 15. The rotating cylinder 602 drives the branch pipes 604 and the nozzle 605 to rotate through the horizontal pipes 603, and the branch pipes 604 drive the rotating ring 1002 to rotate.

[0040] Specifically, the rotatable nozzle 605 improves the uniformity of the absorbent spraying, improves the uniformity of the absorbent's penetration distribution in the filler body 12, and improves the contact and absorption effect of carbon dioxide and the absorbent.

[0041] See also Figure 6 and Figure 7 A rotating chamber 1005 communicating with the columnar chamber 1003 is provided at the lower portion of the cylinder 10, an eccentric groove disc 1403 is arranged in the rotating chamber 1005, the eccentric groove disc 1403 is provided with a guide groove, and the clamping frame 1402 is fixedly connected with a sliding column slidably connected to the guide groove.

[0042] Specifically, when the eccentric groove disk 1403 rotates, it pushes the sliding column and the clamping frame 1402 to make periodic lateral movements, thereby driving the core shaft 1401 to make periodic lateral movements, so that the drip hole 1004 and the through hole 1404 are periodically connected to achieve the discharge of the absorbed mixed liquid.

[0043] See also Figure 2 and Figure 9 A flow sensor 18 is fixedly connected to the smoke inlet pipe 3, and the flow sensor 18 is used to monitor the flow of smoke entering the tower body 1. A first concentration sensor 19 is fixedly connected to the smoke exhaust pipe 5, and the first concentration sensor 19 is used to monitor the concentration of carbon dioxide in the exhaust gas after decarbonization. A first electromagnetic flow valve 20 is installed at the connection between the liquid pump 7 and the liquid distribution pipe assembly 6, and the first electromagnetic flow valve 20 is used to monitor the absorbent injection flow; the liquid pump 7, the flow sensor 18, the first concentration sensor 19, and the first electromagnetic flow valve 20 are all electrically connected to the same controller.

[0044] Specifically, the controller adjusts the absorbent injection speed according to the exhaust gas flow rate, detects the quality of the decarbonization gas through the first concentration sensor 19, and makes a secondary adjustment to the absorbent injection speed based on the detection result; by controlling the absorbent injection speed, it adapts to the treatment of exhaust gases with different flow rates. Specifically, by increasing the absorbent injection speed, the absorbent quickly flushes the original absorbent in the filler body 12, thereby increasing the probability of contact between the exhaust gas and the new absorbent, and further improving the decarbonization absorption efficiency.

[0045] Second implementation method:

[0046] Figure 2 、 Figure 6 and Figure 9 A tail gas carbon capture system for a cargo ship is shown. On the basis of the first embodiment, a guide plate 21 fixedly connected to the inner wall of the tower body 1 is provided below the packing layer 2. The guide plate 21 divides the lower cavity of the tower body 1 into two left and right cavities connected at the lower parts. A liquid extraction pipe 22 fixedly connected to the tower body 1 is provided on the side of the guide plate 21 away from the smoke inlet pipe 3. The liquid extraction pipe 22 is fixedly connected to a circulation pump 23. The circulation pump 23 is connected to the liquid inlet pipe 601 through a return pipe 24. A second electromagnetic flow valve 25 is fixedly connected to the connection between the return pipe 24 and the liquid inlet pipe 601.

[0047] Specifically, the collecting chamber at the bottom of the tower body 1 for carrying the absorption mixture is divided into two cavities connected at the lower ends by the guide plate 21, so as to accelerate the stratification of the absorption mixture. The absorption mixture with higher concentration (the present application adopts organic amine solution as the absorbent, and the concentration here refers to the concentration of the salt solution formed after the organic amine solution absorbs carbon dioxide) is precipitated at the bottom, and the absorption mixture with lower concentration is suspended in the upper layer, and a liquid extraction pipe 22 is provided on the side away from the smoke inlet pipe 3 to extract the absorption mixture with lower concentration and inject it into the liquid distribution pipe assembly 6 again for secondary and multiple contacts with the exhaust gas, thereby increasing the concentration of the absorption mixture, and then increasing the absorption efficiency of the absorbent per unit volume, and improving the utilization efficiency of the absorbent, so that the absorption mixture participating in the circulation maintains a certain concentration (if the absorption mixture concentration is low, and the absorption mixture with lower concentration is injected into the desorption tower for desorption, the amount of carbon dioxide released by desorption is small, that is, the amount of carbon dioxide absorbed by the absorbent per unit volume is small, and more cyclic absorption and desorption times are required, which increases energy consumption), thereby improving the overall energy consumption and efficiency of the device.

[0048] See also Figure 2 The guide plate 21 includes a vertical plate and an inclined plate integrally formed with the vertical plate. The inclined plate is arranged below the drainage assembly 14. The height of the lower opening of the liquid suction pipe 22 is higher than the height of the lower end surface of the vertical plate.

[0049] Specifically, under the action of the guide plate 21, the absorption mixed liquid first flows into the cavity on the left side of the guide plate 21, and then enters the cavity on the right side through the connecting port below the guide plate 21, which facilitates the stratification of absorption mixed liquids of different concentrations, reduces the disturbance of the dripping absorption mixed liquid to the high-concentration absorption mixed liquid and the low-concentration absorption mixed liquid, and improves the efficiency of the secondary reflux absorption of the low-concentration absorption mixed liquid.

[0050] See also Figure 2 、 Figure 6 and Figure 9 The lower part of the tower body 1 is fixedly connected to a second concentration sensor 26 extending into the collecting chamber at the lower part of the tower body 1. The setting height of the second concentration sensor 26 is the same as the setting height of the lower edge of the guide plate 21. The second concentration sensor 26 monitors the concentration of the absorption mixed liquid. The guide plate 21 is fixedly connected to a liquid level sensor 27. The liquid level sensor 27 monitors the liquid level in the collecting chamber at the lower part of the tower body 1 in real time. Both the second concentration sensor 26 and the liquid level sensor 27 are electrically connected to the controller.

[0051] Specifically, the concentration of the absorption mixed liquid is monitored by the second concentration sensor 26. When the real-time concentration of the absorption mixed liquid on the right side after stratification reaches the set circulation concentration value, the controller starts the circulation pump 23 to perform circulatory jet absorption of the low-concentration absorption mixed liquid; at the same time, the liquid level in the collection chamber at the lower part of the tower body 1 is monitored in real time by the liquid level sensor 27, so as to facilitate the timely circulatory jet absorption operation and the discharge operation of the absorption mixed liquid.

[0052] In view of current actual needs, the protection scope of the above-mentioned implementation mode adopted in this application is not limited to this. Various changes made within the knowledge scope of technical personnel in this field without departing from the concept of this application still fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A carbon capture system for tail gas of cargo ship, characterized in that: The invention comprises an absorption tower and a desorption tower; the absorption tower comprises a tower body (1), a packing layer (2) is fixedly connected in the tower body (1), the packing layer (2) comprises a cylinder (10), a plurality of concentrically arranged isolation cylinders (11) are fixedly connected in the cylinder (10), a central tube (13) in communication with the inner cavity of the innermost isolation cylinder (11) is fixedly connected at the central axial position of the cylinder (10), a packing body (12) is fixedly connected between adjacent isolation cylinders (11) and between the central tube (13) and the innermost isolation cylinder (11), the isolation cylinders (11) are provided with guide holes (1101) on the outer sides of the packing body (12), the guide holes (1101) on the two adjacent isolation cylinders (11) are staggered in an upper and lower manner, the lower end of the cylinder (10) is provided with air inlet holes (1001) in a circumferential distribution, the air inlet holes (1001) are in communication with the annular cavity between the outermost isolation cylinder (11) and the cylinder (10); A liquid distribution pipe assembly (6) is fixedly provided above the packing layer (2), and the liquid distribution pipe assembly (6) includes a plurality of nozzles (605) arranged above the packing body (12); a liquid discharge assembly (14) is provided at the lower portion of the cylinder (10), a plurality of drip holes (1004) respectively connected to the inner cavities of the isolation cylinders (11) are provided on the bottom plate of the cylinder (10), a columnar cavity (1003) connected to each drip hole (1004) is provided on the bottom plate of the cylinder (10), and the liquid discharge assembly (14) includes a rotating A core shaft (1401) is nested in the cylindrical cavity (1003), and the core shaft (1401) is provided with a plurality of through holes (1404) that cooperate with the drip holes (1004); a section of the core shaft (1401) is fixedly connected to a snap-fit frame (1402), the snap-fit frame (1402) is slidably snap-fitted with an eccentric groove disk (1403), the eccentric groove disk (1403) is fixedly connected to a lower rotating shaft (17), and the lower rotating shaft (17) extends to the upper opening of the central tube (13) and is fixedly connected to an impeller (16).

2. The exhaust gas carbon capture system for cargo ships according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lower part of the tower body (1) is fixedly connected to a smoke inlet pipe (3) communicating with the cavity below the packing layer (2); the upper end of the tower body (1) is fixedly connected to a smoke exhaust pipe (5) communicating with the cavity above the packing layer (2); the tower body (1) is fixedly connected to a demister (4) located above the packing layer (2); a flow sensor (18) is fixedly connected to the smoke inlet pipe (3); the flow sensor (18) is used to monitor the flow of smoke entering the tower body (1); the smoke exhaust pipe (5) is fixedly connected to a first concentration sensor (19); the first concentration sensor (19) is used to monitor the concentration of carbon dioxide in the tail gas after decarbonization; a first electromagnetic flow valve (20) is installed at the connection between the liquid extraction pump (7) and the liquid distribution pipe assembly (6); the first electromagnetic flow valve (20) is used to monitor the absorbent injection flow; the liquid extraction pump (7), the flow sensor (18), the first concentration sensor (19), and the first electromagnetic flow valve (20) are all electrically connected to the same controller.

3. The exhaust gas carbon capture system for cargo ships according to claim 2, characterized in that: A guide plate (21) fixedly connected to the inner wall of the tower body (1) is provided below the packing layer (2). The guide plate (21) divides the lower cavity of the tower body (1) into two lower connected cavities, left and right. A liquid extraction pipe (22) fixedly connected to the tower body (1) is provided on the side of the guide plate (21) away from the smoke inlet pipe (3). The liquid extraction pipe (22) is fixedly connected to a circulation pump (23). The circulation pump (23) is connected to the liquid inlet pipe (601) through a return pipe (24). A second electromagnetic flow valve (25) is fixedly connected to the connection between the return pipe (24) and the liquid inlet pipe (601).

4. The exhaust gas carbon capture system for cargo ships according to claim 1, characterized in that: The liquid distribution pipe assembly (6) includes a liquid inlet pipe (601), which is rotatably connected to a rotating cylinder (602). The rotating cylinder (602) is fixedly connected to a plurality of horizontal pipes (603) distributed equidistantly around the circumference. The horizontal pipes (603) are fixedly connected to a plurality of branch pipes (604) extending into the cylinder (10). The lower ends of the branch pipes (604) are fixedly connected to the nozzle (605). The lower end of the rotating cylinder (602) is fixedly connected to the impeller (16) via an upper rotating shaft (15), and the branch pipes (604) are fixedly connected to a rotating ring (1002) rotatably connected to the cylinder (10).

5. The exhaust gas carbon capture system for cargo ships according to claim 1, characterized in that: The liquid distribution pipe assembly (6) is connected to a liquid extraction pump (7), which is connected to the liquid outlet end of the desorption tower. The lower part of the tower body (1) is fixedly connected to a liquid discharge pipe (8), which is fixedly connected to a liquid discharge pump (9), which is connected to the liquid inlet end of the desorption tower.

6. The tail gas carbon capture system for cargo ships according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lower part of the cylinder (10) is provided with a rotating cavity (1005) connected to the columnar cavity (1003); the eccentric groove disc (1403) is arranged in the rotating cavity (1005); the eccentric groove disc (1403) is provided with a guide groove; the clamping frame (1402) is fixedly connected to a sliding column slidably connected to the guide groove.

7. The exhaust gas carbon capture system for cargo ships according to claim 3, characterized in that: The guide plate (21) comprises a vertical plate and an inclined plate integrally formed with the vertical plate. The inclined plate is arranged below the liquid discharge assembly (14). The lower end opening of the liquid extraction pipe (22) is arranged at a height higher than the lower end surface of the vertical plate.

8. The exhaust gas carbon capture system for cargo ships according to claim 4, characterized in that: The lower part of the tower body (1) is fixedly connected to a second concentration sensor (26) extending into the lower collecting chamber of the tower body (1). The second concentration sensor (26) is arranged at the same height as the lower edge of the guide plate (21). The second concentration sensor (26) monitors the concentration of the absorption mixed liquid. The guide plate (21) is fixedly connected to a liquid level sensor (27). The liquid level sensor (27) monitors the liquid level in the lower collecting chamber of the tower body (1) in real time. Both the second concentration sensor (26) and the liquid level sensor (27) are electrically connected to a controller.

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