Multi-level avalanche protection structure and protection parameter determination method

Abstract

The invention discloses a multi-layer avalanche protection structure and a protection parameter determination method, a three-dimensional multi-layer avalanche protection system with segmentation, energy dissipation and snow resistance functions is formed by means of two energy dissipation protection structures and a passive snow resistance structure, on the basis of the three-dimensional multi-layer avalanche protection system, an avalanche body can be effectively eliminated and blocked, and the safety of the avalanche is improved. Therefore, all avalanche bodies can be blocked in the grating net, so that the avalanche is difficult to move to the original accumulation range. Therefore, the safety of structures and personnel in the accumulation area can be ensured; therefore, the method is very suitable for large-scale application and popularization.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of avalanche protection and management, and in particular to a multi-level avalanche protection structure and a method for determining protection parameters. Background Art

[0002] Avalanche is a deadly natural disaster of ice and snow, which is characterized by sudden occurrence, fast movement and large collapse volume. It can not only destroy houses and transportation facilities, but also pose a major threat to human life and safety. As my country's engineering construction continues to move towards the plateau environment, many large-scale infrastructure projects are facing more and more avalanche threats. When they cannot be avoided, they can only carry out avalanche management. Especially in the terrain and geological conditions of plateau mountains, many production and living facilities can only be arranged in the flat area of the gully mouth of the gully terrain, which further aggravates the scale and risk of loss of life and property when avalanches occur; therefore, it is increasingly necessary to take targeted prevention and control measures for avalanche disasters; avalanche disaster prevention and control is a multidisciplinary research field involving geography, meteorology, engineering, ecology and other disciplines. Among them, engineering prevention and control measures are one of the most important links, and their rationality and stability will directly affect the avalanche prevention and control effect.

[0003] At present, there are two main types of engineering prevention and control measures for avalanches: traditional engineering measures and ecological prevention and control measures. Among them, traditional engineering measures mainly include passive protection structures such as snow stabilization grids, snow guide banks, snow retaining walls, and snow corridors; while ecological prevention and control measures mainly refer to increasing the surface roughness through artificial afforestation (such as spruce and fir) and slowing down the sliding of snow to achieve the purpose of preventing and controlling avalanche disasters; however, at present, most engineering measures only target a certain process of avalanche disasters and lack systematic protection measures, resulting in poor control effects, and thus unable to ensure the safety of people and structures in the accumulation area. Therefore, how to provide a multi-level avalanche protection structure with good avalanche control effect has become an urgent problem to be solved. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is the poor protective effect of traditional avalanche protection structures. The purpose is to provide a multi-level avalanche protection structure and a method for determining protection parameters, which solves the problem that traditional technology only controls a certain process of avalanche disaster, resulting in poor protective effect of traditional avalanche engineering prevention and control structures.

[0005] The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0006] In a first aspect, a multi-layered avalanche protection structure is provided, comprising:

[0007] a first energy dissipation partition assembly and a second energy dissipation partition assembly;

[0008] The first energy dissipation and segmentation component and the second energy dissipation and segmentation component are both arranged in the avalanche movement area, and the second energy dissipation and segmentation component is located behind the first energy dissipation and segmentation component, wherein the arrangement height of the second energy dissipation and segmentation component is higher than the arrangement height of the first energy dissipation and segmentation component, and the first energy dissipation and segmentation component is used to perform a primary energy dissipation and segmentation on the avalanche body entering the avalanche movement area, and the second energy dissipation and segmentation component is used to perform a secondary energy dissipation and segmentation on the avalanche body after the primary energy dissipation and segmentation;

[0009] A snow blocking assembly is arranged in an avalanche accumulation area, wherein the arrangement height of the snow blocking assembly is greater than or equal to the arrangement height of the second energy dissipation and segmentation assembly, and the snow blocking assembly is used to block the avalanche body after secondary energy dissipation and segmentation.

[0010] Based on the above-disclosed content, the present invention provides a systematic protection structure based on the movement of avalanches, that is, a first energy dissipation and segmentation component and a second energy dissipation and segmentation component are arranged in the avalanche movement area, wherein the first energy dissipation and segmentation component is used to dissipate energy and segment the avalanche body entering the avalanche movement area, that is, to decompose the energy of the avalanche body and cut the avalanche body into small-scale avalanche units; at the same time, taking into account the characteristics that the avalanche body will turn up its tail and the height of the rush will increase after encountering an obstacle, the present invention is further provided with a second energy dissipation and segmentation component after the first energy dissipation and segmentation component; in this way, a taller energy dissipation and segmentation component can be used to fully block and cut the avalanche unit body after the first energy dissipation and segmentation; based on this, the avalanche energy can be dissipated to the greatest extent; finally, the present invention is also provided with a last avalanche protection structure, that is, a snow blocking component, in the avalanche accumulation area, thereby, the snow blocking component can be used to block the avalanche unit body after the secondary energy dissipation and segmentation, thereby realizing the blocking function of the avalanche unit body.

[0011] Through the above design, the present invention uses two energy dissipation protection structures + passive snow blocking structures to form a three-dimensional multi-level avalanche protection system with segmentation + energy dissipation + snow blocking functions. Based on this, the avalanche body can be effectively dissipated and blocked, so that the entire avalanche body can be blocked in the snow blocking component, making it difficult for the avalanche to move to the original accumulation range; in this way, the safety of structures and personnel in the accumulation area can be guaranteed; therefore, the present invention is very suitable for large-scale application and promotion.

[0012] In a possible design, the first energy dissipation segmentation assembly and the second energy dissipation segmentation assembly each include at least two rows of energy dissipation units, and the at least two rows of energy dissipation units are arranged in sequence along the movement direction of the avalanche body;

[0013] Each row of energy dissipation units includes a plurality of energy dissipation pipe piles, wherein the plurality of energy dissipation pipe piles in each row of energy dissipation units are arranged facing the avalanche body, and the energy dissipation pipe piles in two adjacent rows of energy dissipation units are staggered.

[0014] In one possible design, the bottom of any energy dissipation pipe pile is fixed in a first concrete base under the ground of the avalanche movement area, wherein the cantilever height of the energy dissipation pipe pile in the second energy dissipation split assembly is higher than the cantilever height of the energy dissipation pipe pile in the first energy dissipation split assembly, and the cantilever height of any energy dissipation pipe pile is the ground height of any energy dissipation pipe pile.

[0015] In a second aspect, a method for determining protection parameters of the multi-level avalanche protection structure according to the first aspect or any possible design of the first aspect is provided, wherein the method comprises:

[0016] Obtain historical avalanche monitoring data for the target protection area;

[0017] Calculating first structural parameters of a first energy dissipation segmentation component based on the historical avalanche monitoring data, wherein the first structural parameters include first layout parameters and first material parameters of the first energy dissipation segmentation component;

[0018] Calculating second structural parameters of a second energy dissipation segmentation component based on the first structural parameters and the historical avalanche monitoring data, wherein the second structural parameters include second arrangement parameters and second material parameters of the second energy dissipation segmentation component and a first arrangement spacing between the second energy dissipation segmentation component and the first energy dissipation segmentation component;

[0019] Determining a maximum avalanche throw distance based on the historical avalanche monitoring data, and calculating an installation position of the snow barrier assembly based on the maximum avalanche throw distance;

[0020] The protection parameters of the multi-layered avalanche protection structure are determined using the first structural parameters, the second structural parameters and the installation position of the snow blocking assembly.

[0021] In one possible design, the first energy dissipation segmentation assembly and the second energy dissipation segmentation assembly each include at least two rows of energy dissipation units, and the energy dissipation units include a plurality of energy dissipation pipe piles;

[0022] The first structural parameter of the first energy dissipation segmentation component is calculated based on the historical avalanche monitoring data, including:

[0023] Calculating a first ground height of any energy dissipation pile in the first energy dissipation segmentation assembly based on historical avalanche monitoring data;

[0024] Determine a second arrangement spacing between two adjacent rows of energy dissipation units in the first energy dissipation segmentation assembly using the first ground height;

[0025] Calculating a first bending stiffness of any energy dissipation pipe pile in the first energy dissipation segmentation assembly based on the first ground height and historical avalanche monitoring data, and using the first bending stiffness as a first material parameter of the first energy dissipation segmentation assembly;

[0026] The first layout parameters are generated using the first ground height and the second layout spacing, and the first structure parameters are composed using the first layout parameters and the first material parameters.

[0027] In one possible design, the historical avalanche monitoring data includes: average snow thickness and terrain slope of the target protection area, and the average snow thickness is the average value of the maximum snow thickness of the snow accumulation area in the target protection area in several consecutive historical monitoring years;

[0028] The first ground height of any energy dissipation pile in the first energy dissipation segmentation assembly is calculated based on historical avalanche monitoring data, including:

[0029] Calculate the first ground height based on the average snow thickness and the following formula (1);

[0030] H1=(1+α)×h k (1)

[0031] In the above formula (1), H1 represents the first ground height, h k represents the average snow thickness, and α represents the avalanche height protection margin coefficient;

[0032] Correspondingly, using the first ground height, determining the second arrangement spacing between two adjacent rows of energy dissipation units in the first energy dissipation segmentation assembly includes:

[0033] The second arrangement spacing is calculated according to the first ground height and the terrain slope and the following formula (2);

[0034] B1≤k×H1 / tanβ (2)

[0035] In the above formula (2), B1 represents the second arrangement spacing, k represents the slope coefficient, and β represents the terrain slope.

[0036] In one possible design, calculating a first bending stiffness of any energy dissipation pile in the first energy dissipation segmentation assembly based on the first ground height and historical avalanche monitoring data includes:

[0037] Calculating the moving speed of the avalanche body based on the historical avalanche monitoring data;

[0038] Calculate the impact force of the avalanche body on any energy dissipation pile in the first energy dissipation segmentation assembly based on the movement speed of the avalanche body;

[0039] The first bending stiffness of any energy dissipation pipe pile in the first energy dissipation segmentation assembly is calculated using the impact force and the first ground height.

[0040] In a possible design, the historical avalanche monitoring data further includes: an average avalanche throw distance, wherein the moving speed of the avalanche body is calculated based on the historical avalanche monitoring data, including:

[0041] Obtaining the height difference between the snow area in the target protection area and the installation location of the first energy dissipation segmentation component, as well as the height difference and horizontal projection length between the avalanche starting point and the installation location of the first energy dissipation segmentation component;

[0042] According to the average avalanche throw, the drop, the height difference and the horizontal projection length, and in accordance with the following formula (3), the moving speed of the avalanche body is calculated;

[0043]

[0044] In the above formula (3), v represents the moving speed of the avalanche body, g represents the acceleration of gravity, h, l represent the height difference and the horizontal projection length, H represents the height difference between the snow area in the target protection area and the installation location of the first energy dissipation splitting component, and L represents the average avalanche throw distance.

[0045] In a possible design, the historical avalanche monitoring data further includes: snow density and an angle between the avalanche movement direction and the first energy dissipation segmentation component;

[0046] The calculation of the impact force of the avalanche body on any energy dissipation pile in the first energy dissipation segmentation assembly based on the movement speed of the avalanche body includes:

[0047] The impact force is calculated according to the moving speed, the snow density, and the angle between the avalanche moving direction and the first energy dissipation segmentation component, and according to the following formula (4);

[0048]

[0049] In the above formula (4), F represents the impact force, ρ represents the snow density, represents the angle between the avalanche moving direction and the first energy dissipation segmentation component, v represents the moving speed of the avalanche body, and g represents the acceleration of gravity;

[0050] Accordingly, calculating the first bending stiffness of any energy dissipation pipe pile in the first energy dissipation segmentation assembly using the impact force and the first ground height includes:

[0051] The first bending stiffness is calculated according to the following formula (5):

[0052]

[0053] In the above formula (5), EI1 represents the first bending stiffness, H1 represents the first ground height, δ allow Indicates the maximum deflection of any energy dissipation pile in the first energy dissipation segmentation assembly.

[0054] In one possible design, the historical avalanche monitoring data further includes: the vertical drop of the avalanche, wherein the maximum throw distance of the avalanche is determined based on the historical avalanche monitoring data, including:

[0055] According to the vertical drop and the following formula (6), the maximum throw distance of the avalanche is calculated;

[0056] L max = γ × (H′) 0.75 ×η (6)

[0057] In the above formula (6), L max represents the maximum throw distance of the avalanche, H′ represents the vertical drop, η represents the terrain correction coefficient, and γ represents the throw distance coefficient.

[0058] In the third aspect, a device for determining protection parameters of a multi-level avalanche protection structure is provided. Taking the device as an electronic device as an example, the device includes a memory, a processor and a transceiver that are communicatively connected in sequence, wherein the memory is used to store computer programs, the transceiver is used to send and receive messages, and the processor is used to read the computer program and execute the method for determining protection parameters of a multi-level avalanche protection structure as described in the second aspect.

[0059] In a fourth aspect, a storage medium is provided, on which instructions are stored. When the instructions are executed on a computer, the method for determining protection parameters of a multi-level avalanche protection structure as described in the second aspect is executed.

[0060] In a fifth aspect, a computer program product comprising instructions is provided, which, when executed on a computer, causes the computer to execute the method for determining protection parameters of a multi-level avalanche protection structure as described in the second aspect.

[0061] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:

[0062] (1) The present invention uses two energy dissipation protection structures + a passive snow blocking structure to form a three-dimensional multi-level avalanche protection system with segmentation + energy dissipation + snow blocking functions. Based on this, the avalanche body can be effectively dissipated and blocked, so that the entire avalanche body can be blocked in the snow blocking component, making it difficult for the avalanche to move to the original accumulation range; in this way, the safety of structures and personnel in the accumulation area can be guaranteed; therefore, the present invention is very suitable for large-scale application and promotion.

[0063] (2) The two energy dissipation segmentation assemblies provided by the present invention are both composed of multiple rows of energy dissipation pipe piles, and the energy dissipation pipe piles in the energy dissipation units of the two adjacent rows are staggered; in this way, the energy dissipation pipe piles in the two energy dissipation segmentation assemblies can form a pile group. Based on this, the pile group effect can be used to change the movement direction of the avalanche body, and multiple divided avalanche units can be formed into turbulent flow, thereby minimizing the energy contained in the avalanche. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0064] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the exemplary embodiments of the present invention, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the examples. It should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate certain embodiments of the present invention and should not be considered as limiting the scope. A person of ordinary skill in the art can also derive other relevant drawings based on these drawings without inventive effort. In the drawings:

[0065] Figure 1 A schematic cross-sectional view of a multi-layer avalanche protection structure provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0066] Figure 2 A schematic plan view of a multi-layer avalanche protection structure provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0067] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of avalanche plane motion and accumulation circuits provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0068] Figure 4 A flowchart of the steps of a method for determining protection parameters of a multi-level avalanche protection structure provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0069] Markings and corresponding parts names in the accompanying drawings:

[0070] 10-energy dissipation pipe pile; 20-grid mesh; 30-steel wire rope; 40-second concrete foundation; 50-steel pipe column. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0071] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the following examples and accompanying drawings. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are intended only to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. It should be understood that although the terms "first," "second," and so on may be used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are merely used to distinguish one element from another. For example, a first element may be referred to as a second element, and similarly, a second element may be referred to as a first element without departing from the scope of the exemplary embodiments of the present invention.

[0072] Example:

[0073] See also Figure 1 As shown, the multi-layered avalanche protection structure provided by this embodiment can be, but is not limited to, three layers of protection structures arranged in sequence along the movement direction of the avalanche body, that is, a first energy dissipation and segmentation component, a second energy dissipation and segmentation component and a snow blocking component are arranged in sequence on the movement path of the avalanche body; wherein, the first two layers of protection structures mainly serve to decompose the energy of the avalanche body and split the avalanche body, while the last layer of protection structure serves to block the energy dissipated and decomposed avalanche unit body, that is, to prevent the avalanche unit body from moving to the structure in the accumulation area, thereby achieving the purpose of protecting the structure and personnel.

[0074] Optionally, the following discloses a specific arrangement structure of the aforementioned three-layer protection structure:

[0075] In specific applications, for example, the first energy dissipation and splitting component and the second energy dissipation and splitting component are both arranged in the avalanche movement zone, and the second energy dissipation and splitting component is located behind the first energy dissipation and splitting component, wherein the arrangement height of the second energy dissipation and splitting component is higher than the arrangement height of the first energy dissipation and splitting component, and the first energy dissipation and splitting component is used to perform a first energy dissipation and splitting on the avalanche body entering the avalanche movement zone, and the second energy dissipation and splitting component is used to perform a second energy dissipation and splitting on the avalanche body after the first energy dissipation and splitting; based on this, this embodiment is equivalent to using the first energy dissipation and splitting component to perform a first energy dissipation and splitting on the avalanche body entering the avalanche movement zone, that is, to decompose the energy of the avalanche body, and cut the avalanche body into small-scale avalanche units, so as to achieve the purpose of reducing the avalanche volume and energy.

[0076] At the same time, the purpose of setting a second energy dissipation and splitting component with a height higher than the first energy dissipation and splitting component after the first energy dissipation and splitting component is: since the avalanche body will turn up its tail after encountering an obstacle, the rushing height will increase. Therefore, by setting a second energy dissipation and splitting component with a height higher than the first energy dissipation and splitting component, the avalanche body can be dissipated and split for the second time, that is, a taller energy dissipation and splitting component is used to fully block and cut the avalanche unit body after the first energy dissipation and split; based on this, the avalanche energy can be dissipated to the greatest extent.

[0077] Finally, this embodiment also provides a snow blocking component after the second energy dissipation segmentation component, that is, the snow blocking component is provided in the avalanche accumulation area (see Figure 1 As shown, the avalanche accumulation area is located behind the avalanche movement area), wherein, in the specific implementation, the arrangement height of the snow blocking component is set to be greater than or equal to the arrangement height of the second energy dissipation and segmentation component; in this way, the snow blocking component can be used to block the avalanche body after the secondary energy dissipation and segmentation, thereby blocking the avalanche body completely in the snow blocking component, and then preventing it from moving to the structures in the accumulation area, so as to achieve the function of protecting the structures and personnel.

[0078] Therefore, through the above-mentioned design, the multi-level avalanche protection structure provided in this embodiment forms a three-dimensional multi-level avalanche protection system with segmentation + energy dissipation + snow blocking functions. Based on this, the avalanche body can be effectively dissipated and blocked, so that the entire avalanche body can be blocked in the snow blocking component, making it difficult for the avalanche to move to the original accumulation range; in this way, the safety of structures and personnel in the accumulation area can be guaranteed.

[0079] In one possible design, this embodiment provides a detailed construction of the aforementioned three-layer protection structure.

[0080] First, one specific structure of the first energy dissipation and separation component and the second energy dissipation and separation component is disclosed:

[0081] In a specific application, for example, the first energy dissipation segmentation assembly and the second energy dissipation segmentation assembly each include at least two rows of energy dissipation units, and the at least two rows of energy dissipation units are sequentially arranged along the movement direction of the avalanche body.

[0082] See also Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, for example, each row of energy dissipation units may include, but is not limited to: a plurality of energy dissipation pipe piles 10 (for example, circular steel pipe piles may be used); wherein, the plurality of energy dissipation pipe piles 10 in each row of energy dissipation units are arranged facing the avalanche body (i.e., assuming that the movement direction of the avalanche body is the transverse direction, then the arrangement direction of the plurality of energy dissipation pipe piles 10 in each row of energy dissipation units is the longitudinal direction), and the energy dissipation pipe piles 10 in two adjacent rows of energy dissipation units are staggered.

[0083] Furthermore, for example, the bottom of any energy dissipation pipe pile 10 is fixed in a first concrete base under the ground of the avalanche movement area, wherein the cantilever height of the energy dissipation pipe pile 10 in the second energy dissipation splitting assembly is higher than the cantilever height of the energy dissipation pipe pile 10 in the first energy dissipation splitting assembly, and the cantilever height of any energy dissipation pipe pile 10 is the ground height of any energy dissipation pipe pile 10 (that is, the height of the pile body of any energy dissipation pipe pile 10 exposed above the ground).

[0084] Through the above description of the structure of the two energy dissipation splitting components, the first two protective structures in this embodiment mainly utilize circular steel pipe pile embedded structures, that is, one end is embedded in the ground and the other end is exposed to the ground, to form a cantilever energy dissipation structure; therefore, when the avalanche body moves to the protection area, the strong rigidity of the steel pipe piles can be used to disperse and cut the avalanche body as much as possible, thereby forming scattered avalanche units; at the same time, the arrangement height of the first energy dissipation splitting component and the second energy dissipation splitting component in this embodiment both refer to the cantilever height of the energy dissipation pipe pile 10 (that is, the height exposed to the ground); therefore, after the avalanche body passes through the first protective structure for splitting and dissipating energy, some of its avalanche body units will quickly curl up, resulting in an increase in the rush height. At this time, higher steel pipe piles can be used to further split and dissipate energy of all avalanche units from top to bottom as much as possible, thereby minimizing the scale of the avalanche unit body, thereby achieving the purpose of reducing the energy of the avalanche itself.

[0085] Furthermore, in this embodiment, the energy dissipation pipe piles 10 in two adjacent rows of energy dissipation units are arranged in a staggered manner, see Figure 2 As shown, through the above-mentioned setting structure, all the energy dissipation pipe piles 10 in the two protective structures can be formed into a pile group. Based on this, the pile group effect can be used to change the movement direction of the avalanche body and form turbulence with multiple divided avalanche units, thereby reducing the energy contained in the avalanche to the greatest extent; wherein, the schematic diagram of the avalanche plane movement and accumulation line can be seen in Figure 3 shown.

[0086] Based on this, the two energy dissipation and segmentation protection structures based on the energy dissipation pipe piles 10 can achieve the maximum energy dissipation and segmentation of the avalanche body in the avalanche movement area, thereby reducing the scale and energy of the avalanche as much as possible.

[0087] After completing the structural description of the energy dissipation and segmentation assembly, this embodiment provides a detailed structure of a snow blocking assembly as follows:

[0088] See also Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, for example, the snow blocking assembly may include, but is not limited to: a grid net 20, a steel wire rope 30 and a second concrete base 40, wherein the connection structure of the aforementioned components is:

[0089] See also Figure 2As shown, the grid net 20 is fixed in the avalanche accumulation area by a number of steel pipe columns 50, wherein each steel pipe column 50 corresponds to a second concrete base 40, each second concrete base 40 is installed under the ground, and each steel pipe column 50 is fixedly connected to the corresponding second concrete base 40 by a steel wire rope 30; in this way, the grid net 20 (i.e., the snow blocking net) can be used to block the avalanche unit body after being processed by two energy dissipation splitting components, thereby blocking the tiny avalanche unit body as much as possible to reduce its impact on the safety of the rear structure; of course, in this embodiment, the height of the grid net 20 is greater than or equal to the cantilever height of the energy dissipation pipe pile 10 in the second energy dissipation splitting component.

[0090] In this embodiment, the structure of the grid net 20 is similar to a passive net for rolling stone protection. The main difference from the conventional passive net is that the mesh pore size is reduced to block tiny avalanche units as much as possible without affecting the smooth discharge of meltwater after the snow melts. That is, the grid net 20 is permeable to water but not to snow to maximize the accumulation range of avalanche units, reduce the accumulation area, increase the space for arranging artificial structures, and improve the space utilization and safety of the site. Of course, the specific pores can be set according to actual use and are not specifically limited here.

[0091] Through the above detailed explanation of the multi-level avalanche protection structure, the present invention uses two energy dissipation protection structures + passive snow blocking structures to form a three-dimensional multi-level avalanche protection system with segmentation + energy dissipation + snow blocking functions. Based on this, the avalanche body can be effectively dissipated and blocked, so that the entire avalanche body can be blocked in the grid net, making it difficult for the avalanche to move to the original accumulation range; in this way, the safety of structures and personnel in the accumulation area can be guaranteed; therefore, the present invention is very suitable for large-scale application and promotion.

[0092] In one possible design, see Figure 4 As shown, the second aspect of this embodiment provides a method for determining the protection parameters of the multi-level avalanche protection structure described in the first aspect of the embodiment, wherein, for example, this method can be but is not limited to running on the avalanche management end side, optionally, for example, the avalanche management end can be but is not limited to a personal computer; it can be understood that the aforementioned execution subject does not constitute a limitation on the embodiment of the present application, and accordingly, the operation steps of this method are shown in the following steps S1 to S5.

[0093] S1. Obtain historical avalanche monitoring data of the target protection area; in specific applications, the historical avalanche monitoring data is mainly obtained by collecting monitoring and historical data of the avalanche area in the valley terrain in the target protection area, as well as the topographic and geological data of the protection area; among them, for example, the aforementioned historical avalanche monitoring data may include but is not limited to: the average snow thickness of the target protection area, the terrain slope, the average avalanche throw, the snow density, the angle between the avalanche movement direction and the first energy dissipation segmentation component, and the vertical drop of the avalanche; further, for example, the average snow thickness is the average value of the maximum snow thickness of the snow area in the target protection area in several consecutive historical monitoring years; and the vertical drop is the vertical height of the snow area from the horizontal plane.

[0094] After obtaining the historical avalanche monitoring data, the structural parameters of the two energy dissipation components and the installation position of the snow blocking component can be determined based on the data. The determination process is shown in the following steps S2 to S4.

[0095] S2. Calculate the first structural parameters of the first energy dissipation and separation component based on the historical avalanche monitoring data, wherein the first structural parameters include the first layout parameters and the first material parameters of the first energy dissipation and separation component; in specific applications, for example, but not limited to, the following steps S21 to S24 can be used to determine the aforementioned first structural parameters.

[0096] S21. Based on historical avalanche monitoring data, calculate the first ground height of any energy dissipation pipe pile in the first energy dissipation segmentation assembly; in this embodiment, the first protective structure, that is, the cantilever height of each energy dissipation pipe pile 10 in the first energy dissipation segmentation assembly is calculated based on the aforementioned average snow thickness; of course, the cantilever heights of each energy dissipation pipe pile 10 in the first energy dissipation segmentation assembly are the same.

[0097] Herein, one of the calculation methods for the first ground height is given below, as shown in the following formula (1).

[0098] H1=(1+α)×h k (1)

[0099] In the above formula (1), H1 represents the first ground height, h k represents the average snow thickness, and α represents the avalanche height protection margin coefficient. In this embodiment, the value range of the avalanche height protection margin coefficient is [0.5, 0.7].

[0100] After calculating the first ground height of each energy dissipation pipe pile 10 in the first energy dissipation segmentation assembly based on the aforementioned formula (1), the second arrangement spacing between two adjacent rows of energy dissipation units in the first energy dissipation segmentation assembly can be determined based on the first ground height. The calculation process is shown in the following step S22.

[0101] S22. Using the first ground height, determine the second arrangement spacing between two adjacent rows of energy dissipation units in the first energy dissipation segmentation assembly; in a specific application, the second arrangement spacing can be calculated based on, but not limited to, the aforementioned first ground height and terrain slope; wherein the calculation process is shown in the following formula (2).

[0102] B1≤k×H1 / tanβ (2)

[0103] In the above formula (2), B1 represents the second arrangement spacing, k represents the slope coefficient, and β represents the terrain slope. In this embodiment, the slope coefficient has a value range of 3 to 5, and can be selected according to the terrain slope. For example, when the terrain slope is less than 25°, it can be 5, and when the terrain slope is greater than 35°, the slope coefficient is 5. Of course, when the value is between the two, it can be taken in the range of 3 to 5, and can be pre-set in the avalanche control end, and is not specifically limited here.

[0104] Thus, based on the aforementioned formula (2), after calculating the second arrangement spacing, the material parameters of the energy dissipation pipe pile 10 in the first energy dissipation segmentation component can be calculated (i.e., the first bending stiffness described below), so as to subsequently help the user select energy dissipation pipe piles 10 of different strengths based on the material parameters; wherein, the calculation process of the first bending stiffness is shown in the following step S23.

[0105] S23. Calculate the first bending stiffness of any energy dissipation pipe pile in the first energy dissipation segmentation assembly based on the first ground height and historical avalanche monitoring data, and use the first bending stiffness as the first material parameter of the first energy dissipation segmentation assembly; in specific implementation, for example, but not limited to, the following steps S23a to S23c can be used to calculate the first bending stiffness.

[0106] S23a. Calculate the moving speed of the avalanche body based on the historical avalanche monitoring data; in specific applications, for example, but not limited to, first obtain the height difference between the snow area in the target protection area and the installation location of the first energy dissipation splitting component, as well as the height difference and horizontal projection length between the avalanche starting point and the installation location of the first energy dissipation splitting component; then, calculate the moving speed of the avalanche body based on the average avalanche throw, the height difference, the height difference and the horizontal projection length; wherein, for example, the aforementioned height difference, height difference and horizontal projection length can be pre-set in the avalanche management terminal, and the data can be read when used.

[0107] Furthermore, one of the calculation methods of the disclosed moving speed is shown in the following formula (3).

[0108]

[0109] In the above formula (3), v represents the moving speed of the avalanche body, g represents the acceleration of gravity, h, l represent the height difference and the horizontal projection length, H represents the height difference between the snow area in the target protection area and the installation location of the first energy dissipation splitting component, and L represents the average avalanche throw distance.

[0110] Thus, based on the aforementioned formula (3), the moving speed of the avalanche body can be calculated; and then, the moving speed can be used to calculate the impact force of the avalanche body on any energy dissipation pipe pile in the first energy dissipation segmentation assembly, wherein the calculation process of the impact force is shown in the following step S23b.

[0111] S23b. Based on the moving speed of the avalanche body, calculate the impact force of the avalanche body on any energy dissipation pipe pile in the first energy dissipation segmentation component; in specific implementation, for example, but not limited to, calculating the impact force based on the moving speed, the snow density, and the angle between the avalanche moving direction and the first energy dissipation segmentation component.

[0112] In this embodiment, the impact force may be calculated according to, but not limited to, the following formula (4).

[0113]

[0114] In the above formula (4), F represents the impact force, ρ represents the snow density, represents the angle between the avalanche moving direction and the first energy dissipation and segmentation component, v represents the moving speed of the avalanche body, and g represents the acceleration of gravity.

[0115] The impact force of the avalanche body on any energy dissipation pile in the first energy dissipation segmentation assembly is calculated by the aforementioned formula (4). The first bending stiffness of each energy dissipation pile in the first protective structure can be determined in combination with the first ground height obtained by the aforementioned calculation. The calculation process is shown in the following step S23c.

[0116] S23c. Calculate the first bending stiffness of any energy dissipation pipe pile in the first energy dissipation segmentation assembly using the impact force and the first ground height. In this embodiment, the first bending stiffness can be calculated, for example but not limited to, according to the following formula (5).

[0117]

[0118] In the above formula (5), EI1 represents the first bending stiffness, H1 represents the first ground height, δ allow It represents the maximum deflection of any energy dissipation pipe pile in the first energy dissipation segmentation assembly. In this embodiment, the maximum deflection can be preset, and its specific value is not specifically limited here.

[0119] Therefore, through the aforementioned steps S23a~S23b, the first bending stiffness of any energy dissipation pipe pile in the first energy dissipation segmentation component can be calculated; based on this, it is visualized to help the user select the material of the energy dissipation pipe pile in the first protective structure; wherein, after the first bending stiffness, the first ground height and the second arrangement spacing are calculated, the structural parameters of the first energy dissipation segmentation component can be composed based on the aforementioned three parameters, and the process is shown in the following step S24.

[0120] S24. Generate the first layout parameters using the first ground height and the second layout spacing, and compose the first structural parameters using the first layout parameters and the first material parameters.

[0121] In this way, through the aforementioned steps S21 to S24 and their sub-steps, the bending stiffness of each energy dissipation pipe pile in the first protective structure, the ground height, and the arrangement spacing between two adjacent rows of energy dissipation pipe piles can be calculated; then, based on the structural parameters of the first protective structure, the structural parameters of the second protective structure can be determined, and the process is shown in the following step S3.

[0122] S3. Based on the first structural parameters and the historical avalanche monitoring data, calculate the second structural parameters of the second energy dissipation splitting assembly, wherein the second structural parameters include the second layout parameters, second material parameters and the first layout spacing between the second energy dissipation splitting assembly and the first energy dissipation splitting assembly; in this embodiment, the second layout parameters include the third layout spacing between two adjacent rows of energy dissipation units in the second energy dissipation splitting assembly and the second ground height of any energy dissipation pipe pile in the second energy dissipation splitting assembly; similarly, the second material parameter is the second bending stiffness of any energy dissipation pipe pile in the second energy dissipation splitting assembly.

[0123] In specific applications, the first arrangement spacing (B2) is considered as 1.5 times the second arrangement spacing, that is: B2≤1.5B1; at the same time, the third arrangement spacing B3 is less than or equal to the second arrangement spacing; in addition, the second ground height is exemplified as: H2≤1.5H1.

[0124] In this embodiment, the calculation process of the second bending stiffness is the same as that of the first bending stiffness, that is, the second ground height of the energy dissipation piles in the second protective structure is substituted, and the specific calculation process is not repeated here.

[0125] In this way, after the second structural parameter of the second energy dissipation segmentation component is determined, the installation position of the snow blocking component can be determined, and the process is shown in the following step S4.

[0126] S4. Determine the maximum throw distance of the avalanche based on the historical avalanche monitoring data, and calculate the installation position of the snow barrier assembly based on the maximum throw distance of the avalanche. In this embodiment, the maximum throw distance of the avalanche can be calculated based on the vertical drop, for example but not limited to, according to the following formula (6).

[0127] L max = γ × (H′) 0.75 ×η (6)

[0128] In the above formula (6), Lmax represents the maximum throw distance of the avalanche, H′ represents the vertical drop, η represents the terrain correction coefficient, and γ represents the throw distance coefficient. The terrain correction coefficient is 1.0 or 1.5 to 2. Specifically, the terrain correction coefficient is generally 1.5 to 2.0 for narrow groove terrain, while it is 1.0 for open slopes. In addition, the throw distance coefficient is taken as 2.8 for example.

[0129] After the maximum avalanche throw distance is calculated based on the above formula (6), the installation position of the grid net can be determined based on it. In this embodiment, the position at 0.6 to 0.9 times the maximum avalanche throw distance L max is used as the installation position of the grid net.

[0130] After the structural parameters of the two energy dissipation components and the installation position of the grid are calculated based on the aforementioned steps S1 to S4, the protection parameters of the avalanche protection structure can be generated based on them, and the process is shown in the following step S5.

[0131] S5. Determine the protection parameters of the multi-level avalanche protection structure using the first structural parameters, the second structural parameters and the installation position of the snow-blocking component; in specific implementation, the first structural parameters, the second structural parameters and the installation position of the snow-blocking component can be directly used to form the aforementioned protection parameters, and the protection parameters can be visualized to help users set up the avalanche protection structure.

[0132] Therefore, through the method for determining the protection parameters of the multi-level avalanche protection structure described in detail in the aforementioned steps S1 to S5, the present invention proposes a systematic determination method for parameters such as the height, spacing, strength requirements of the energy dissipation piles and the height and layout position of the snow barrier net. In this way, a systematic avalanche protection method can be formed with high practicality.

[0133] The third aspect of this embodiment provides a device for determining protection parameters of a multi-level avalanche protection structure. Taking the device as an electronic device as an example, the device includes: a memory, a processor and a transceiver that are communicatively connected in sequence, wherein the memory is used to store computer programs, the transceiver is used to send and receive messages, and the processor is used to read the computer program and execute the method for determining protection parameters of a multi-level avalanche protection structure as described in the second aspect of the embodiment.

[0134] For example, the memory may include, but is not limited to, random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), flash memory, first-in first-out memory (FIFO), and / or first-in last-out memory (FILO); specifically, the processor may include one or more processing cores, such as a quad-core processor, an octa-core processor, etc. The processor may be implemented in at least one hardware form selected from DSP (Digital Signal Processing), FPGA (Field-Programmable Gate Array), and PLA (Programmable Logic Array). Furthermore, the processor may include a main processor and a coprocessor. The main processor is a processor for processing data in an awake state, also known as a CPU (Central Processing Unit); and the coprocessor is a low-power processor for processing data in a standby state.

[0135] In some embodiments, the processor may be integrated with a GPU (Graphics Processing Unit), which is responsible for rendering and drawing the content to be displayed on the display screen. For example, the processor may be, but is not limited to, a microprocessor of the STM32F105 series, a reduced instruction set computer (RISC) microprocessor, an X86 architecture processor, or a processor with an integrated embedded neural network processing unit (NPU); the transceiver may be, but is not limited to, a wireless fidelity (WIFI) wireless transceiver, a Bluetooth wireless transceiver, a general packet radio service technology (GPRS) wireless transceiver, a ZigBee protocol (a low-power local area network protocol based on the IEEE802.15.4 standard, ZigBee) wireless transceiver, a 3G transceiver, a 4G transceiver, and / or a 5G transceiver. In addition, the device may also include, but is not limited to, a power module, a display screen, and other necessary components.

[0136] The working process, working details and technical effects of the electronic device provided in this embodiment can be found in the second aspect of the embodiment and will not be described in detail here.

[0137] The fourth aspect of this embodiment provides a storage medium that stores instructions for the method for determining protection parameters of a multi-level avalanche protection structure as described in the second aspect of the embodiment, that is, the storage medium stores instructions, and when the instructions are run on a computer, the method for determining protection parameters of a multi-level avalanche protection structure as described in the second aspect of the embodiment is executed.

[0138] The storage medium refers to a carrier for storing data, which may include but is not limited to a floppy disk, an optical disk, a hard disk, a flash memory, a USB flash drive and / or a memory stick, and the computer may be a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, a computer network, or other programmable device.

[0139] The working process, working details and technical effects of the storage medium provided in this embodiment can be found in the second aspect of the embodiment and will not be described in detail here.

[0140] A fifth aspect of this embodiment provides a computer program product comprising instructions, which, when executed on a computer, causes the computer to execute the method for determining protection parameters of a multi-level avalanche protection structure as described in the second aspect of the embodiment, wherein the computer may be a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, a computer network, or other programmable device.

[0141] The specific implementation methods described above further illustrate the objectives, technical solutions and beneficial effects of the present invention in detail. It should be understood that the above description is only a specific implementation method of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multi-layered avalanche protection structure, characterized in that: include: a first energy dissipation partition assembly and a second energy dissipation partition assembly; The first energy dissipation and segmentation component and the second energy dissipation and segmentation component are both arranged in the avalanche movement area, and the second energy dissipation and segmentation component is located behind the first energy dissipation and segmentation component, wherein the arrangement height of the second energy dissipation and segmentation component is higher than the arrangement height of the first energy dissipation and segmentation component, and the first energy dissipation and segmentation component is used to perform a primary energy dissipation and segmentation on the avalanche body entering the avalanche movement area, and the second energy dissipation and segmentation component is used to perform a secondary energy dissipation and segmentation on the avalanche body after the primary energy dissipation and segmentation; A snow blocking assembly is arranged in an avalanche accumulation area, wherein the arrangement height of the snow blocking assembly is greater than or equal to the arrangement height of the second energy dissipation and segmentation assembly, and the snow blocking assembly is used to block the avalanche body after secondary energy dissipation and segmentation.

2. A multi-layered avalanche protection structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first energy dissipation segmentation assembly and the second energy dissipation segmentation assembly each include at least two rows of energy dissipation units, and the at least two rows of energy dissipation units are sequentially arranged along the movement direction of the avalanche body; Each row of energy dissipation units comprises a plurality of energy dissipation pipe piles (10), wherein the plurality of energy dissipation pipe piles (10) in each row of energy dissipation units are arranged facing the avalanche body, and the energy dissipation pipe piles (10) in two adjacent rows of energy dissipation units are staggered.

3. A multi-layered avalanche protection structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: The bottom of any energy dissipation pipe pile (10) is fixed in a first concrete base below the ground in the avalanche movement area, wherein the cantilever height of the energy dissipation pipe pile (10) in the second energy dissipation segmentation assembly is higher than the cantilever height of the energy dissipation pipe pile (10) in the first energy dissipation segmentation assembly, and the cantilever height of any energy dissipation pipe pile (10) is the ground height of the energy dissipation pipe pile (10).

4. A method for determining protection parameters of a multi-layer avalanche protection structure according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: include: Obtain historical avalanche monitoring data for the target protection area; Calculating first structural parameters of a first energy dissipation segmentation component based on the historical avalanche monitoring data, wherein the first structural parameters include first layout parameters and first material parameters of the first energy dissipation segmentation component; Calculating second structural parameters of a second energy dissipation segmentation component based on the first structural parameters and the historical avalanche monitoring data, wherein the second structural parameters include second arrangement parameters and second material parameters of the second energy dissipation segmentation component and a first arrangement spacing between the second energy dissipation segmentation component and the first energy dissipation segmentation component; Determining a maximum avalanche throw distance based on the historical avalanche monitoring data, and calculating an installation position of the snow barrier assembly based on the maximum avalanche throw distance; The protection parameters of the multi-layered avalanche protection structure are determined using the first structural parameters, the second structural parameters and the installation position of the snow blocking assembly.

5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that The first energy dissipation segmentation assembly and the second energy dissipation segmentation assembly each include at least two rows of energy dissipation units, and the energy dissipation units include a plurality of energy dissipation pipe piles; The first structural parameter of the first energy dissipation segmentation component is calculated based on the historical avalanche monitoring data, including: Calculating a first ground height of any energy dissipation pile in the first energy dissipation segmentation assembly based on historical avalanche monitoring data; Determine a second arrangement spacing between two adjacent rows of energy dissipation units in the first energy dissipation segmentation assembly using the first ground height; Calculating a first bending stiffness of any energy dissipation pipe pile in the first energy dissipation segmentation assembly based on the first ground height and historical avalanche monitoring data, and using the first bending stiffness as a first material parameter of the first energy dissipation segmentation assembly; The first layout parameters are generated using the first ground height and the second layout spacing, and the first structure parameters are composed using the first layout parameters and the first material parameters.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that The historical avalanche monitoring data includes: average snow thickness and terrain slope of the target protection area, and the average snow thickness is the average value of the maximum snow thickness of the snow accumulation area in the target protection area in several consecutive historical monitoring years; The first ground height of any energy dissipation pile in the first energy dissipation segmentation assembly is calculated based on historical avalanche monitoring data, including: Calculate the first ground height based on the average snow thickness and the following formula (1); H1=(1+α)×h k (1) In the above formula (1), H1 represents the first ground height, h k represents the average snow thickness, and α represents the avalanche height protection margin coefficient; Correspondingly, using the first ground height, determining the second arrangement spacing between two adjacent rows of energy dissipation units in the first energy dissipation segmentation assembly includes: The second arrangement spacing is calculated according to the first ground height and the terrain slope and the following formula (2); B1≤k×H1 / tanβ (2) In the above formula (2), B1 represents the second arrangement spacing, k represents the slope coefficient, and β represents the terrain slope.

7. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that Calculating a first bending stiffness of any energy dissipation pipe pile in the first energy dissipation segmentation assembly based on the first ground height and historical avalanche monitoring data includes: Calculating the moving speed of the avalanche body based on the historical avalanche monitoring data; Calculate the impact force of the avalanche body on any energy dissipation pile in the first energy dissipation segmentation assembly based on the movement speed of the avalanche body; The first bending stiffness of any energy dissipation pipe pile in the first energy dissipation segmentation assembly is calculated using the impact force and the first ground height.

8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that The historical avalanche monitoring data also includes: average avalanche throw distance, wherein the movement speed of the avalanche body is calculated based on the historical avalanche monitoring data, including: Obtaining the height difference between the snow area in the target protection area and the installation location of the first energy dissipation segmentation component, as well as the height difference and horizontal projection length between the avalanche starting point and the installation location of the first energy dissipation segmentation component; According to the average avalanche throw, the drop, the height difference and the horizontal projection length, and in accordance with the following formula (3), the moving speed of the avalanche body is calculated; In the above formula (3), v represents the moving speed of the avalanche body, g represents the acceleration of gravity, h, l represent the height difference and the horizontal projection length, H represents the height difference between the snow area in the target protection area and the installation location of the first energy dissipation splitting component, and L represents the average avalanche throw distance.

9. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that The historical avalanche monitoring data also includes: snow density and the angle between the avalanche movement direction and the first energy dissipation segmentation component; The calculation of the impact force of the avalanche body on any energy dissipation pile in the first energy dissipation segmentation assembly based on the movement speed of the avalanche body includes: The impact force is calculated according to the moving speed, the snow density, and the angle between the avalanche moving direction and the first energy dissipation segmentation component, and according to the following formula (4); In the above formula (4), F represents the impact force, ρ represents the snow density, represents the angle between the avalanche moving direction and the first energy dissipation segmentation component, v represents the moving speed of the avalanche body, and g represents the acceleration of gravity; Accordingly, calculating the first bending stiffness of any energy dissipation pipe pile in the first energy dissipation segmentation assembly using the impact force and the first ground height includes: The first bending stiffness is calculated according to the following formula (5): In the above formula (5), EI1 represents the first bending stiffness, H1 represents the first ground height, δ allow Indicates the maximum deflection of any energy dissipation pile in the first energy dissipation segmentation assembly.

10. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that The historical avalanche monitoring data also includes: the vertical drop of the avalanche, wherein the maximum throw distance of the avalanche is determined based on the historical avalanche monitoring data, including: According to the vertical drop and the following formula (6), the maximum throw distance of the avalanche is calculated; Lmax=γ×(H′) 0.75 ×η (6) In the above formula (6), Lmax represents the maximum throw distance of the avalanche, H′ represents the vertical drop, η represents the terrain correction coefficient, and γ represents the throw distance coefficient.

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