Assembled variable-stiffness graded self-resetting metal damper

Abstract

The metal damper comprises a detachable outer cylinder, the detachable outer cylinder is composed of an upper cylinder body, a lower cylinder body, a cover plate and a base, the lower cylinder body is fixedly installed above the base, the upper cylinder body is fixedly installed above the lower cylinder body, the cover plate is fixedly installed above the upper cylinder body, and the cover plate is fixedly installed above the lower cylinder body. A connecting and supporting device is arranged in the detachable outer cylinder; by applying the first inhaul cable and the second inhaul cable, the rigidity of the metal damper is adjustable, the activation effect of the metal damper at different earthquake levels is effectively improved, the metal energy dissipation and shock absorption devices arranged in the multiple layers of arrays are arranged in the lower barrel, metal shear type plastic yield energy dissipation is achieved, and the energy dissipation and shock absorption effects of the metal damper are improved. The energy dissipation capacity of the energy dissipation support is effectively improved, the SMA compression gasket is embedded, so that the metal damper can automatically recover to the initial state after vibration, the problem that deformation of the main core rod cannot be recovered due to plastic yield of the metal energy dissipation piece is solved, and the continuous vibration control effect is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of civil engineering, and in particular to an assembleable variable-rigidity graded self-resetting metal damper. Background Art

[0002] In civil engineering, traditional energy dissipation and shock absorption bracing systems are primarily based on the principle of buckling-restrained bracing. Their core principle is to dissipate energy through the plastic yielding of core members under tension and compression. Traditional buckling-restrained braces have an energy dissipation efficiency of only 30%-40%, and their fixed stiffness makes them incapable of adapting to varying earthquake magnitudes. While existing shear dampers can increase this to 50%-60%, they lack a self-resetting function, resulting in residual deformation exceeding 5% after an earthquake. The effectiveness of this energy dissipation method is largely limited by the size of the metal's plastic deformation zone, particularly the cross-sectional area of the core member, which has become a major bottleneck restricting its energy dissipation capacity.

[0003] In contrast, the shear energy dissipation mechanism of metals dissipates energy by generating shear plastic deformation in the thickness direction of the metal. By increasing the thickness of the metal, its energy dissipation performance can be greatly improved without significantly increasing the cross-sectional area of the component.

[0004] However, traditional energy dissipation support systems typically lack self-resetting capabilities. Once the core member undergoes plastic yield, it will cause permanent deformation and be unable to return to its original position, causing the support system to fail and become incapable of continuing to function. This situation can occur during minor earthquakes, requiring frequent replacement of the support system, which is not conducive to long-term sustainable use. In addition, the rigidity of the core member of traditional energy dissipation support systems remains unchanged, making it difficult to activate in minor earthquakes. In major earthquakes, it often fails prematurely and fails to function. Therefore, a configurable variable-stiffness graded self-resetting metal damper is proposed. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In order to solve the problems that traditional energy dissipation support systems usually lack self-resetting function and the stiffness of the core components remains unchanged, resulting in poor seismic resistance under large and small earthquakes, the present invention provides an assembleable variable stiffness graded self-resetting metal damper.

[0006] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention specifically adopts the following technical solutions:

[0007] An assembleable variable stiffness graded self-resetting metal damper comprises a detachable outer cylinder, the detachable outer cylinder consisting of an upper cylinder, a lower cylinder, a cover plate and a base, the lower cylinder being fixedly mounted above the base, the upper cylinder being fixedly mounted above the lower cylinder, the cover plate being fixedly mounted above the upper cylinder, a connecting support device being provided in the detachable outer cylinder, a metal energy dissipation and shock absorption device and a prestress adjustment device being provided in the lower cylinder, a memory reset device being provided in the upper cylinder, the memory reset device and the metal energy dissipation and shock absorption device being both arranged on the connecting support device, a temperature control device being provided in the upper cylinder, and a fixing circular hole being provided at the bottom of the base;

[0008] Preferably, the connecting support device includes a connecting plate, a sliding rod is fixedly installed on the upper surface of the connecting plate, the sliding rod is slidably installed in the upper cylinder, an end cap is fixedly installed on the end of the sliding rod away from the connecting plate, the sliding rod passes through the cover plate and the end cap is installed above the cover plate, and a connecting rod is fixedly installed on the lower surface of the connecting plate.

[0009] Preferably, the cross-sectional profile of the connecting rod is a regular polyhedral prism.

[0010] Preferably, the memory reset device includes SMA compression gaskets, which are nested in layers on the sliding rod, and graded buckles are fixedly connected between each layer of the SMA compression gaskets.

[0011] Preferably, the SMA compression gaskets are divided into three groups according to thickness, corresponding to small, medium and large earthquake levels respectively.

[0012] Preferably, the metal energy dissipation and shock absorption device includes shear keys, which are fixedly installed on the connecting rod in a circumferentially distributed manner. The shear keys are arranged in groups at equal intervals on the outer wall of the connecting rod along the axis direction, and the free edges of the shear keys are concave arc shapes.

[0013] Preferably, the lower cylinder is provided with multiple gaps, and one end of the shear key is installed in the multiple gaps.

[0014] Preferably, the shear key is made of at least one material selected from the group consisting of soft steel with a low yield point, copper-aluminum-nickel alloy, nickel-titanium alloy and shape memory alloy.

[0015] Preferably, the prestressed adjustment device includes a first cable and a second cable, the first cable is installed between the cover plate and the connecting plate, the second cable is installed between the connecting plate and the base, the first cable and the second cable are anchored in the connecting plate at one end close to the connecting plate, and the base and the cover plate are both provided with cable mounting holes, and the other ends of the first cable and the second cable are fixedly installed in the cable mounting holes.

[0016] Preferably, the temperature control device includes a heating wire, which is fixedly mounted on the inner wall of the upper cylinder. A temperature and humidity sensor is fixedly mounted on the lower surface of the cover plate, and the temperature and humidity sensor is mounted in the upper cylinder.

[0017] Preferably, flanges are fixedly mounted on both ends of the flange and the lower cylinder, and the upper cylinder and the lower cylinder and the cover plate, as well as the lower cylinder and the base are fixedly connected by flanges and fixing bolt kits.

[0018] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0019] (1) By applying the first and second cables, the stiffness of the metal damper is adjustable, which effectively improves the activation effect of the metal damper at different earthquake levels. The metal energy dissipation and shock absorption device arranged in a multi-layer array is set in the lower cylinder, which realizes the plastic yield energy dissipation of metal shear type, effectively improving the energy dissipation capacity of the energy dissipation support. The embedding of the SMA compression gasket enables the metal damper to automatically return to its initial state after experiencing vibration, avoiding the problem of the main core rod deformation that cannot be restored due to the plastic yield of the metal energy dissipation parts, thereby achieving a continuous vibration control effect.

[0020] (2) The various components are connected by flanges. When the shear keys need to be inspected and replaced, it is only necessary to remove the fixing bolt kits on the flanges at both ends of the lower cylinder separately, and the lower cylinder and the base can be separated from the upper end of the device, thereby exposing the internal shear keys, making it convenient to replace and repair damaged shear keys without disassembling the entire device.

[0021] (3) Through the temperature and humidity sensor set in the upper cylinder, the temperature and humidity sensor can monitor the temperature and humidity in the upper cylinder. When the temperature in the upper cylinder is too low or the air humidity is too high, affecting the recovery of the SMA compression gasket, the temperature of the cavity in the upper cylinder can be heated by the heating wire. At a certain temperature, the SMA compression gasket can recover its shape faster, so that it can be used normally in winter in areas with large temperature differences. In conjunction with the monitoring of the temperature and humidity sensor, the maintenance personnel can adjust the working power of the temperature and humidity sensor according to the values monitored by the temperature and humidity sensor, so that the inside of the upper cylinder can be heated to a suitable temperature. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of the lower cylinder and upper cylinder structures of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 3 This is a schematic structural diagram of the first cable and the second cable of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 4 It is a structural schematic diagram of the shear key and connecting plate structures of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 5 It is a structural schematic diagram of the sliding rod and end cap structures of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the SMA compression gasket and the graded buckle of the present invention:

[0028] Figure 7 It is a structural schematic diagram of the heating wire and connecting rod structures of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 8 This is a schematic structural diagram of the base and cable mounting holes of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 9 It is a structural schematic diagram of the connecting rod and shear key structures of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 10 It is a structural schematic diagram of the heating wire and temperature and humidity sensor structures of the present invention.

[0032] Figure numerals: 1. Removable outer cylinder; 2. Connecting support device; 3. Memory reset device; 4. Metal energy dissipation and shock absorption device; 5. Prestressed pressure adjustment device; 6. Temperature control device; 7. Fixing bolt kit; 8. Lower cylinder; 9. Cover plate; 10. Base; 11. Flange; 12. Fixing round hole; 13. Upper cylinder; 14. Cable mounting hole; 20. End cap; 21. Sliding rod; 22. Connecting plate; 23. Connecting rod; 30. SMA compression gasket; 31. Graded buckle; 40. Shear key; 41. Multi-stage gap; 50. First cable; 51. Second cable; 60. Heating wire; 61. Temperature and humidity sensor. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more clear, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Generally, the components of the embodiments of the present invention described and shown in the drawings herein can be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0034] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the invention as claimed, but rather merely represents selected embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments derived by persons of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0035] It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters represent similar items in the following drawings. Therefore, once an item is defined in one drawing, it does not need to be further defined or explained in subsequent drawings. In addition, the terms "first," "second," etc. are used only to distinguish the descriptions and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0036] The electrical components mentioned in this article are all connected to an external main controller and 220V AC power, and the main controller can be a conventional known device that performs control such as a computer.

[0037] In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "inside", "outside", "upper", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, or are the orientations or positional relationships in which the inventive product is usually placed when in use. They are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they cannot be understood as limitations on the present invention.

[0038] Example 1: Reference Figures 1-10 , an assembleable variable stiffness graded self-resetting metal damper, including a detachable outer cylinder 1. In order to design a metal energy-absorbing damper that can adapt to different earthquake magnitudes and can self-reset after another earthquake, the detachable outer cylinder 1 consists of an upper cylinder 13, a lower cylinder 8, a cover plate 9 and a base 10. The lower cylinder 8 is fixedly installed above the base 10, the upper cylinder 13 is fixedly installed above the lower cylinder 8, and the cover plate 9 is fixedly installed above the upper cylinder 13. A connecting support device 2 is provided in the detachable outer cylinder 1, a metal energy-absorbing shock-absorbing device 4 and a prestressed stress adjusting device 5 are provided in the lower cylinder 8, and a memory reset device 3 is provided in the upper cylinder 13. The memory reset device 3 and the metal energy-absorbing shock-absorbing device 4 are both provided On the connecting support device 2, a temperature control device 6 is provided in the upper cylinder 13, and a fixed circular hole 12 is opened at the bottom of the base 10. The prestressing adjustment device 5 effectively improves the activation effect of the metal damper at different earthquake levels. Through the cooperation of the memory reset device 3 and the metal energy dissipation and shock absorption device 4, the metal energy dissipation and shock absorption device 4 can consume the vibration potential energy. During vibration, the memory reset device 3 will be deformed. After the earthquake, under the action of the memory reset device 3, the metal energy dissipation and shock absorption device 4 is reset through the connecting support device 2. The temperature control device 6 monitors and heats the internal cavity of the device, so that the memory reset device 3 can still work normally in a low temperature environment.

[0039] In order to realize the self-reset of the device after earthquake and automatically adapt to different amplitudes, the connecting support device 2 includes a connecting plate 22, a sliding rod 21 is fixedly installed on the upper surface of the connecting plate 22, the sliding rod 21 is slidably installed in the upper cylinder 13, and an end cap 20 is fixedly installed on the end of the sliding rod 21 away from the connecting plate 22. The sliding rod 21 passes through the cover plate 9 and the end cap 20 is installed above the cover plate 9. A connecting rod 23 is fixedly installed on the lower surface of the connecting plate 22. The cross-sectional profile of the connecting rod 23 is a regular polyhedral prism. The memory reset device 3 includes an SMA compression gasket 30. The SMA compression gasket 30 is nested in layers on the sliding rod 21. A graded buckle 31 is fixedly connected between each layer of the SMA compression gasket 30. The SMA compression gasket 30 is divided into three groups according to thickness, respectively for In response to small, medium and large earthquake levels, SMA compression gaskets 30 can be arranged in multiple groups of SMA compression gaskets 30 according to different seismic fortification requirements, wherein a part of the SMA compression gaskets 30 are pre-pressed to adapt to different working conditions, and the other part is arranged normally and fixed by graded buckles 31 to ensure the correct position and function of the SMA compression gaskets 30. When the displacement borne by the damper is too large, the graded buckles 31 on the SMA compression gaskets 30 of a specific thickness are activated, so that the restoring force of the SMA compression gaskets 30 can be exerted, thereby realizing the graded self-resetting process of the SMA compression gaskets 30. This design not only enhances the self-resetting ability of the damper, but also improves its adaptability to different earthquake levels. The metal energy dissipation and shock absorption device 4 includes a shear The force key 40 and the shear key 40 are circumferentially distributed and fixedly installed on the connecting rod 23. The shear keys 40 are arranged in groups at equal intervals on the outer wall of the connecting rod 23 along the axial direction. The free edge of the shear key 40 is a concave arc. The lower cylinder 8 is provided with a multi-stage gap 41. One end of the shear key 40 is installed in the multi-stage gap 41. The shear key 40 is made of at least one material selected from the group consisting of soft steel with a low yield point, copper-aluminum-nickel alloy, nickel-titanium alloy and shape memory alloy. The prestressed adjusting device 5 includes a first cable 50 and a second cable 51. The first cable 50 is installed between the cover plate 9 and the connecting plate 22, and the second cable 51 is installed between the connecting plate 22 and the base 10. The first cable 50 and the second cable 51 are anchored in the connecting plate 22 at one end near the connecting plate 22. The base 1 0 and the cover plate 9 are provided with a cable mounting hole 14, and the other end of the first cable 50 and the second cable 51 is fixedly installed in the cable mounting hole 14. The detachable outer cylinder 1 is composed of the upper cylinder 13, the lower cylinder 8 and the cover plate 9 connected by the flange 11 and the fixing bolt kit 7, which is convenient for installation and maintenance. The sliding rod 21 passes through the central circular hole of the cover plate 9, and the connecting plate 22 is fixed between the sliding rod 21 and the connecting rod 23, and fits with the inner wall of the detachable outer cylinder 1. Multiple groups of SMA compression gaskets 30 are nested on the sliding rod 21, one end of which is connected to the inner side of the top of the upper cylinder 13, and the other end is fixed to the connecting rod 23. The graded buckle 31 is used to fix and adjust the pre-compression state of each group of SMA compression gaskets 30, and the shear keys 40 are arranged in groups at equal intervals along the outer wall of the connecting rod 23.One end is fixed to the outer wall of the connecting rod 23, and the other end is fixed in the multi-stage gap 41 on the inner wall of the lower cylinder 8. There is a fixed circular hole 12 in the center of the base 10 of the device. Through this fixed circular hole 12, the lower cylinder 8 of the device can be fixed to the main structure of the building, such as the foundation or floor slab. The end cap 20 of the device is designed to be firmly connected to another part of the structure of the building, such as a beam or column, to ensure that the damper can function reliably when an earthquake occurs. The first cable 50 is fixed by the cover plate 9 and the connecting plate 22. There are four cables in total. They are arranged on the outside of the connecting plate 22 to apply a certain degree of prestress to change the stiffness of the metal damper under compression. The second cable 51 is fixed by the connecting plate 22 and the base 10. Four cables are arranged on the inner side of the connecting plate 22 and a certain degree of prestress is applied to change the stiffness of the metal damper under tension. By arranging the above-mentioned cables, the variable stiffness of the metal damper under tension and compression is achieved to meet the seismic requirements of different earthquake levels. Under the action of an earthquake, the sliding rod 21 will slide in the detachable outer cylinder 1, driving the connecting plate 22 to slide along the inner wall of the cylinder. When the main core rod is displaced under the action of an earthquake, the first cable 50 and the second cable 52 will be stretched or compressed, thereby adjusting the stiffness of the damper under compression. When the displacement of the sliding rod 21 exceeds the set threshold, the corresponding shear key 40 will be activated, shear deformation will occur, and energy will be absorbed and dissipated. The SMA compression gasket 30 will be in After the earthquake, the shape memory effect is used to automatically restore to the original state, and the sliding rod 21 is pulled back to the initial position. It is worth mentioning that: the first cable 50 and the second cable 51 are loaded with tension and compression displacement at the same time, so that the metal damper has a certain self-resetting ability. In practical applications, in order to allow the cables to adapt to different degrees of amplitude, the cables need to be divided into cable group A and cable group B. The preload force applied to cable group A is in the range of 10-20kN, which is used to reduce the initial stiffness to adapt to small earthquakes; the preload force applied to cable group B is in the range of 30-50kN, which is used to increase the ultimate stiffness under large earthquakes. The tension and compression stiffness of the metal damper is adjusted by the preload force, and the threshold trigger mechanism of the graded buckle 31 is used to form a "small earthquake elastic reset" The graded seismic resistance and self-reset coordination mechanism of "variable stiffness energy dissipation in moderate earthquakes, and extreme energy absorption in large earthquakes" is combined with the carefully designed thickness and size of the metal shear keys, as well as the different gaps on the inner wall of the outer cylinder, so that the damper can play different roles according to the intensity of the earthquake. In the case of small earthquakes, the damper can maintain the integrity of the structure, that is, "small earthquakes are not damaged"; in the case of moderate earthquakes, the damper can withstand certain damage but still maintain the stability of the structure, facilitating post-earthquake repair, that is, "moderate earthquakes are repairable"; in the case of large earthquakes, the damper can absorb and dissipate a large amount of energy to prevent the structure from collapsing, that is, "large earthquakes will not collapse". This graded design significantly improves the seismic resistance and safety of engineering structures.

[0040] Example 2: Reference Figure 1-5In order to facilitate the disassembly and maintenance of the shear key 40 after the earthquake, flanges 11 are fixedly installed at both ends of the flange 11 and the lower cylinder 8. The upper cylinder 13 and the lower cylinder 8 and the cover plate 9 as well as the lower cylinder 8 and the base 10 are fixedly connected by the flange 11 and the fixing bolt kit 7. After the earthquake, check the various components of the device, especially whether the shear key 40 is damaged. If the shear key 40 is found to be damaged, the flange 11 and the fixing bolt kit 7 can be removed to remove the lower cylinder 8 to expose the shear key 40. The damaged shear key 40 can be replaced separately without dismantling the entire device. The remaining features are the same as those in Example 1.

[0041] Example 3: Reference Figure 10 In order to allow the device to be used normally in areas with large temperature differences, the temperature control device 6 includes a heating wire 60, which is fixedly mounted on the inner wall of the upper cylinder 13, and a temperature and humidity sensor 61 is fixedly mounted on the lower surface of the cover plate 9, which is installed in the upper cylinder 13. When the device is installed in a city with large temperature differences between the four seasons, if the ambient temperature is extremely low after the earthquake, the recovery speed of the SMA compression gasket 30 will be affected. At this time, the heating wire 11 can be energized to convert electrical energy into thermal energy to heat the internal cavity of the upper cylinder 13. When the temperature of the cavity in the upper cylinder 13 rises, the SMA compression gasket 30 will enter the austenite state. At this time, the material will return to its preset shape. The maintenance personnel can judge the temperature inside the device through the temperature and humidity sensor 61, and thus adjust the working power of the heating wire 60 accordingly to ensure that the temperature inside the device can meet the reset requirements of the SMA compression gasket 30. The remaining features are the same as those in Example 1.

[0042] Working principle: The detachable outer cylinder 1 is composed of an upper cylinder 13, a lower cylinder 8 and a cover plate 9 connected by a flange 11 and a fixing bolt kit 7, which is convenient for installation and maintenance. The sliding rod 21 passes through the central circular hole of the cover plate 9, and the connecting plate 22 is fixed between the sliding rod 21 and the connecting rod 23, and fits with the inner wall of the detachable outer cylinder 1. Multiple groups of SMA compression gaskets 30 are nested on the sliding rod 21, one end of which is connected to the inner side of the top of the upper cylinder 13, and the other end is fixed on the connecting rod 23. The graded buckle 31 is used to fix and adjust the pre-compression state of each group of SMA compression gaskets 30. The shear keys 40 are arranged in groups at equal intervals along the outer wall of the connecting rod 23, one end of which is fixed on the outer wall of the connecting rod 23, and the other end is fixed in the multi-stage gap 41 on the inner wall of the lower cylinder 8. The base 1 of the device 0 has a fixed circular hole 12 in the center, through which the lower cylinder 8 of the device can be fixed to the main structure of the building, such as the foundation or floor slab. The end cap 20 of the device is designed to be firmly connected to another part of the building structure, such as a beam or column, to ensure that the damper can function reliably when an earthquake occurs. The first cables 50 are fixed by the cover plate 9 and the connecting plate 22. There are four of them in total. They are arranged on the outside of the connecting plate 22 and apply a certain degree of prestress to change the stiffness of the metal damper under compression. The second cables 51 are fixed by the connecting plate 22 and the base 10. There are four of them in total. They are arranged on the inside of the connecting plate 22 and apply a certain degree of prestress to change the stiffness of the metal damper under tension. By arranging the above cables, the metal damper is realized. The variable stiffness under tension and compression states meets the seismic resistance requirements of different earthquake levels. Under the action of an earthquake, the sliding rod 21 will slide in the detachable outer cylinder 1, driving the connecting plate 22 to slide along the inner wall of the cylinder. When the main core rod is displaced under the action of an earthquake, the first cable 50 and the second cable 52 will be stretched or compressed, thereby adjusting the stiffness of the damper under compression. When the displacement of the sliding rod 21 exceeds the set threshold, the corresponding shear key 40 will be activated, shear deformation will occur, absorbing and dissipating energy. The SMA compression gasket 30 will automatically return to its original state by using its shape memory effect after the earthquake, pulling the sliding rod 21 back to its initial position. After the earthquake, check the various components of the device, especially whether the shear key 40 is damaged. If the shear key 40 is found to be damaged, The damaged shear key 40 can be replaced separately through the flange 11 and the fixing bolt kit 7 without dismantling the entire device. When the device is installed in a city with large temperature differences between the four seasons, if the ambient temperature is extremely low after the earthquake, the recovery speed of the SMA compression gasket 30 will be affected. At this time, the heating wire 11 can be energized to convert electrical energy into thermal energy to heat the internal cavity of the upper cylinder 13. When the temperature of the cavity in the upper cylinder 13 rises, the SMA compression gasket 30 will enter the austenite state. At this time, the material will return to its preset shape. The maintenance personnel can judge the temperature inside the device through the temperature and humidity sensor 61, and adjust the working power of the heating wire 60 accordingly to ensure that the temperature inside the device can meet the reset requirements of the SMA compression gasket 30.

[0043] The above shows and describes the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The above embodiments and descriptions merely illustrate the principles of the present invention. Various changes and modifications may be made to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Such changes and modifications are intended to fall within the scope of the present invention. The scope of protection claimed by the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. An assemblable variable stiffness graded self-resetting metal damper, comprising a detachable outer cylinder (1), characterized in that: The detachable outer cylinder (1) is composed of an upper cylinder (13), a lower cylinder (8), a cover plate (9) and a base (10); the lower cylinder (8) is fixedly mounted above the base (10); the upper cylinder (13) is fixedly mounted above the lower cylinder (8); the cover plate (9) is fixedly mounted above the upper cylinder (13); a connecting support device (2) is provided in the detachable outer cylinder (1); a metal energy dissipation and shock absorption device (4) and a prestress adjustment device (5) are provided in the lower cylinder (8); a memory reset device (3) is provided in the upper cylinder (13); the memory reset device (3) and the metal energy dissipation and shock absorption device (4) are both arranged on the connecting support device (2); a temperature control device (6) is provided in the upper cylinder (13); and a fixing circular hole (12) is opened at the bottom of the base (10); The connecting support device (2) comprises a connecting plate (22), a sliding rod (21) is fixedly mounted on the upper surface of the connecting plate (22), the sliding rod (21) is slidably mounted in the upper cylinder (13), an end cap (20) is fixedly mounted on one end of the sliding rod (21) away from the connecting plate (22), the sliding rod (21) passes through the cover plate (9) and the end cap (20) is mounted above the cover plate (9), and a connecting rod (23) is fixedly mounted on the lower surface of the connecting plate (22).

2. The assemblable variable stiffness graded self-resetting metal damper according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cross-sectional profile of the connecting rod (23) is a regular polyhedral prism.

3. The assemblable variable stiffness graded self-resetting metal damper according to claim 1, characterized in that: The memory reset device (3) comprises SMA compression gaskets (30), which are nested in layers on the sliding rod (21), and graded buckles (31) are fixedly connected between each layer of the SMA compression gaskets (30).

4. The assemblable variable stiffness graded self-resetting metal damper according to claim 3, characterized in that: The SMA compression gaskets (30) are divided into three groups according to thickness, corresponding to small, medium and large earthquake levels respectively.

5. The assemblable variable stiffness graded self-resetting metal damper according to claim 1, characterized in that: The metal energy dissipation and shock absorbing device (4) comprises shear keys (40), which are fixedly mounted on the connecting rod (23) in a circumferentially distributed manner. The shear keys (40) are arranged in groups at equal intervals on the outer wall of the connecting rod (23) along the axis direction thereof, and the free edges of the shear keys (40) are in the shape of an inwardly concave arc.

6. The assemblable variable stiffness graded self-resetting metal damper according to claim 5, characterized in that: The lower cylinder (8) is provided with multi-stage gaps (41), and one end of the shear key (40) is installed in the multi-stage gaps (41).

7. The assemblable variable stiffness graded self-resetting metal damper according to claim 6, characterized in that: The shear key (40) is made of at least one material selected from the group consisting of soft steel with a low yield point, copper-aluminum-nickel alloy, nickel-titanium alloy and shape memory alloy.

8. The assemblable variable stiffness graded self-resetting metal damper according to claim 1, characterized in that: The prestressed load regulating device (5) comprises a first cable (50) and a second cable (51), wherein the first cable (50) is installed between the cover plate (9) and the connecting plate (22), and the second cable (51) is installed between the connecting plate (22) and the base (10), and one end of the first cable (50) and the second cable (51) close to the connecting plate (22) are anchored in the connecting plate (22), and a cable mounting hole (14) is provided on the base (10) and the cover plate (9), and the other end of the first cable (50) and the second cable (51) are fixedly installed in the cable mounting hole (14).

9. The assemblable variable stiffness graded self-resetting metal damper according to claim 1, characterized in that: The temperature control device (6) includes a heating wire (60), which is fixedly mounted on the inner wall of the upper cylinder (13). A temperature and humidity sensor (61) is fixedly mounted on the lower surface of the cover plate (9), and the temperature and humidity sensor (61) is mounted in the upper cylinder (13).

10. The assemblable variable stiffness graded self-resetting metal damper according to claim 1, characterized in that: The flange (11) and both ends of the lower cylinder (8) are fixedly mounted with flanges (11), and the upper cylinder (13) and the lower cylinder (8) and the cover plate (9), as well as the lower cylinder (8) and the base (10) are fixedly connected via the flange (11) and the fixing bolt kit (7).

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