A hydrogen production and power generation system based on a waste incineration plant

Abstract

The present invention specifically relates to a hydrogen production and power generation system based on a waste incineration plant, comprising: a waste pretreatment and diversion module: after crushing the solid waste, the waste is proportionally diverted to an incineration path and a gasification path according to energy requirements; an incineration power generation module: the heat generated by the combustion of waste in the incinerator heats the boiler to produce water vapor; the purified synthesis gas is burned with pure oxygen to heat the steam generated by the incineration. In the present invention, the combination of pure oxygen combustion technology and high-temperature steam circulation doubles the steam temperature, doubling the power generation under the same waste processing volume; at the same time, the diverted waste is gasified in a fluidized bed to generate synthesis gas, and its energy is utilized in a cascaded manner of "first providing heat to improve efficiency, then producing hydrogen", realizing large-scale production of green hydrogen: the purified synthesis gas is first used to heat steam, and the remaining part is used to produce hydrogen through a reforming reaction driven by green electricity. The hydrogen production process is completely dependent on the green electricity within the system to truly achieve "zero-carbon emission" green hydrogen production.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of resource recycling, and in particular to a hydrogen production and power generation system based on a waste incineration plant. Background Art

[0002] At present, the mainstream treatment method for organic solid waste in China is incineration power generation. The income of incineration plants mainly comes from garbage disposal fees, electricity revenue and part of the heating revenue. However, this model generally faces two bottlenecks: on the one hand, with the advancement of garbage classification policies, the proportion of combustible garbage has decreased, and incineration plants often face the problem of idle production capacity due to "insufficient garbage supply". If garbage is directly diverted from the existing process for hydrogen production, the amount of incineration raw materials will be reduced, and then the power generation will decrease, making it difficult to meet the power supply agreement requirements signed with the power grid; on the other hand, the comprehensive thermal efficiency of traditional garbage incineration power generation is only 20% to 25%. A large amount of energy is wasted in the form of flue gas waste heat. In addition, the hydrogen production process and the incineration system are separated from each other, lacking an energy synergistic utilization mechanism, and it is impossible to achieve solid waste resource hydrogen production without affecting power generation efficiency.

[0003] How to efficiently utilize organic solid waste to produce green hydrogen while ensuring the incineration plant's established power generation task, and form a multi-energy cogeneration model of "power generation-hydrogen production", has become a technical problem that needs to be urgently solved in the current solid waste treatment field.

[0004] There is an urgent need to develop an integrated system and method that can improve the efficiency of incineration power generation, release redundant solid waste, and realize green hydrogen production through process coupling, so as to break through the functional singleness and energy efficiency bottleneck of traditional processes and promote the upgrading of waste incineration plants to low-carbon, diversified energy production units and high economic benefits. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the above problems and to propose a hydrogen production and power generation system based on a waste incineration plant.

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0007] A hydrogen production and power generation system based on a waste incineration plant, comprising:

[0008] Garbage pre-treatment and diversion module: After crushing the solid waste, the waste is divided into incineration and gasification paths in proportion according to energy requirements;

[0009] Incineration power generation module: The garbage in the incinerator burns to heat the water in the boiler to produce steam; the purified synthesis gas is burned with pure oxygen to heat the steam generated by incineration from 400℃ to 800℃, maintaining the steam pressure at 4MPa;

[0010] Gasification hydrogen production module: The diverted garbage enters the gasifier for pyrolysis and gasification reactions to generate synthesis gas; the synthesis gas at the gasifier outlet passes through a cyclone separator, a desulfurization tower, water washing (chlorine removal), and a temperature swing adsorption device to obtain pure synthesis gas.

[0011] Preferably, the crushing treatment of the solid waste includes: crushing the solid waste to a particle size of less than 50 mm by a crusher, removing metal impurities by magnetic separation, and then reducing the moisture content to no more than 15% by drying equipment.

[0012] Preferably, the incineration power generation module further comprises: combusting the purified synthesis gas with pure oxygen, heating the steam generated by the incineration from 400° C. to 800° C., and maintaining the steam pressure at 4 MPa.

[0013] Preferably, the gasification hydrogen production module further includes:

[0014] The synthesis gas is burned with pure oxygen at the designed flow rate to heat water vapor to meet the thermal energy demand of the power generation side. The excess synthesis gas enters the reforming reactor. The carbon monoxide in the synthesis gas undergoes a reforming reaction with water vapor under the action of a catalyst to generate hydrogen-rich gas, which is then purified by PSA to obtain green hydrogen of the required purity.

[0015] Preferably, the method further includes an energy closed-loop module:

[0016] The electricity required for the reforming reaction is directly taken from the generator within the system, realizing a closed energy loop of "power generation-hydrogen production" and ensuring zero carbon emissions during the hydrogen production process;

[0017] The waste heat from the gasifier flue gas is recovered through a waste heat boiler and used to dry the garbage entering the gasifier or the incinerator feed water.

[0018] Preferably, the method further includes a dynamic capacity adjustment control module:

[0019] Dynamic adjustment of waste diversion ratio: The frequency conversion feeder is used to adjust the waste flow ratio between the incineration path and the gasification path in real time to respond to grid load fluctuations or changes in hydrogen market demand;

[0020] Intelligent switching of syngas distribution: When power generation is prioritized, the syngas heat supply ratio can be increased to 80%, and the hydrogen production ratio can be reduced to 20% accordingly; when hydrogen demand increases, the syngas hydrogen production ratio can be adjusted up to 50%, while the steam temperature is maintained stable by increasing the pure oxygen supply to the incinerator;

[0021] Adjustment response time: The response time for the system to switch from normal operation mode to extreme production capacity mode is ≤2 hours, and the fluctuation range of power generation during the switching process is ≤±10%.

[0022] In summary, due to the adoption of the above technical solution, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0023] 1. This invention doubles the power generation capacity with the same amount of waste treatment by combining pure oxygen combustion technology with high-temperature steam circulation. At the same time, the diverted waste is gasified in a fluidized bed to generate synthesis gas, and its energy is utilized in a cascade mode of "first providing heat to improve efficiency, then producing hydrogen", thus realizing the large-scale production of green hydrogen: the purified synthesis gas is first used to heat steam, and the remaining part is used to produce hydrogen through a reforming reaction driven by green electricity. The hydrogen production process is completely dependent on the green electricity in the system, truly realizing "zero-carbon emission" green hydrogen production.

[0024] 2. The present invention responds to grid load fluctuations or changes in hydrogen market demand in real time through a dynamic capacity adjustment control module: the garbage diversion ratio is flexibly adjusted through a variable frequency feeder, and the synthesis gas distribution ratio is intelligently switched to achieve a flexible balance between power generation and hydrogen production capacity, thereby ensuring the stability and reliability of energy supply. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] Further details, features and advantages of the present application are disclosed in the following description of exemplary embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0026] Figure 1 is a flow chart of the present invention; DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] Several embodiments of the present application will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings so that those skilled in the art can implement the present application. The present application can be embodied in many different forms and for many different purposes and should not be limited to the embodiments described herein. These embodiments are provided to make the present application comprehensive and complete and to fully convey the scope of the present application to those skilled in the art. The embodiments do not limit the present application.

[0028] Unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. It will be further understood that terms such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries should be interpreted as having a meaning consistent with their meaning in the relevant art and / or the context of this specification, and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly defined as such herein.

[0029] See also Figure 1 As shown, the present invention provides a technical solution:

[0030] A hydrogen production and power generation system based on a waste incineration plant, comprising:

[0031] Garbage pretreatment and diversion module: After the solid waste is broken down, it is diverted to the incineration path and gasification path in proportion according to energy demand through a variable frequency feeder;

[0032] Crushing of solid waste, including: crushing the solid waste to a particle size of less than 50mm by a jaw crusher, removing metal impurities by magnetic separation, and reducing the moisture content of the waste to no more than 15% by drying equipment;

[0033] Incineration power generation module: Air is introduced into the incinerator, raising the waste combustion temperature to 1100°C-1300°C, generating 400°C, 4MPa steam. The purified synthesis gas is burned with pure oxygen to heat the steam generated by incineration, raising the steam temperature to 800°C (maintaining a pressure of 4MPa), which drives a high-temperature steam turbine to generate electricity.

[0034] The pressure sensor (accuracy ±0.1MPa) and temperature transmitter (accuracy ±1℃) automatically open the pressure relief valve and adjust the feed rate when the steam pressure exceeds 4.2MPa or the gasifier temperature exceeds 850℃.

[0035] The steam generated by the incinerator is connected to the steam heating device.

[0036] It also includes: the purified synthesis gas and pure oxygen are added to the steam heating device to heat the steam generated by incineration, raising the steam temperature to 800℃ (maintaining the pressure at 4MPa) to drive the high-temperature steam turbine to generate electricity;

[0037] Gasification hydrogen production module: The garbage is diverted into the gasifier, and pure oxygen is used as a gasifying agent to undergo pyrolysis and gasification reactions at 600-1000℃ and low oxygen conditions to generate synthesis gas (the main components are , CO, CO2, CH4), the by-products are ash (carbon content <5%) and tar (secondary gasification elimination); the synthesis gas at the outlet of the gasifier (temperature 300℃-400℃) passes through the cyclone separator (dust removal), desulfurization tower (removal) in turn ), water washing (chlorine removal), temperature swing adsorption device (decarbonization), to obtain pure synthesis gas with impurity content less than 10ppm; the gasification furnace is a fluidized bed structure, with a spiral feeder inside and a gas distribution plate at the bottom of the furnace to evenly distribute the gasifying agent;

[0038] The gasifier is lined with high-alumina refractory bricks ( Content ≥75%), the syngas pipeline is made of stainless steel and lined with corrosion-resistant coating (such as tungsten carbide) to withstand Acidic gas corrosion;

[0039] Also includes:

[0040] The synthesis gas is introduced into the superheated combustion chamber at the designed flow rate to exchange heat with steam to meet the heat energy demand of the power generation side. The excess synthesis gas enters the reforming reactor, in which the carbon monoxide is heated by the catalyst (such as Ni / ) and water vapor to undergo a transformation reaction ( + → + ), generating hydrogen-rich gas, which is then purified by PSA (pressure swing adsorption) to obtain green hydrogen of the required purity;

[0041] Energy closed-loop module:

[0042] The power required for the reforming reaction (about 5-8kWh / ) is directly taken from the generator within the system, realizing the “power generation-hydrogen production” energy closed loop and ensuring zero carbon emissions during the hydrogen production process;

[0043] The waste heat (200-300℃) of the gasifier flue gas is recovered through the waste heat boiler and used to dry the garbage entering the gasifier or the incinerator feed water;

[0044] Dynamic capacity adjustment control module:

[0045] Dynamic adjustment of waste diversion ratio: The frequency conversion feeder adjusts the waste flow ratio between the incineration path and the gasification path in real time (adjustment range: 50:50 to 70:30) to respond to grid load fluctuations or changes in hydrogen market demand;

[0046] Intelligent switching of syngas distribution: When power generation is prioritized, the syngas heat supply ratio can be increased to 80%, and the hydrogen production ratio can be reduced to 20% accordingly; when hydrogen demand increases, the syngas hydrogen production ratio can be adjusted up to 50%, while the steam temperature is maintained stable by increasing the pure oxygen supply to the incinerator;

[0047] Adjustment response time: The response time for the system to switch from normal operation mode to extreme production mode is ≤ 2 hours, and the power generation fluctuation range during the switching process is ≤ ±10%;

[0048] Waste gas treatment: "Incineration flue gas is subjected to SNCR denitrification (NOx emission ≤ 50mg / Nm³), bag dust removal (particulate matter ≤ 10mg / Nm³), and wet deacidification (HCl ≤ 10mg / Nm³) before it meets emission standards; gasification tail gas is connected to the incineration flue gas treatment system after incineration treatment.

[0049] The above formulas are obtained by collecting a large amount of data and performing software simulation, and a formula close to the actual value is selected. The influencing weight factors and specific coefficient values ​​in the formula are set by technical personnel in this field according to actual conditions, and can be adjusted and modified later.

[0050] The above description of the embodiments is intended to enable one skilled in the art to implement or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments shown herein but is intended to conform to the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A hydrogen production and power generation system based on a waste incineration plant, characterized in that: include: Garbage pre-treatment and diversion module: After crushing the solid waste, the waste is divided into incineration and gasification paths in proportion according to energy requirements; Incineration power generation module: The waste combustion in the incinerator generates heat to heat the boiler to produce water vapor; the purified synthesis gas is burned with pure oxygen to heat the steam generated by incineration from 400℃ to 800℃, and the steam pressure is maintained at 4MPa; Gasification hydrogen production module: The waste is diverted into the gasifier for pyrolysis and gasification reactions to generate synthesis gas; The synthesis gas at the outlet of the gasifier passes through a cyclone separator, a desulfurization tower, water washing, and a temperature swing adsorption device to obtain pure synthesis gas; Also includes: The synthesis gas is burned with pure oxygen at the designed flow rate, and the steam generated by heating and incineration is heated from 400°C to 800°C, with the steam pressure maintained at 4 MPa to meet the thermal energy demand of the power generation side. The excess synthesis gas enters the reforming reactor, where the carbon monoxide in the synthesis gas reacts with water vapor under the action of a catalyst to produce hydrogen-rich gas, which is then purified by PSA to obtain green hydrogen of the required purity. Dynamic capacity adjustment control module: Dynamic adjustment of waste diversion ratio: The frequency conversion feeder adjusts the waste flow ratio between the incineration path and the gasification path in real time to respond to grid load fluctuations or changes in hydrogen market demand; Intelligent switching of syngas distribution: When power generation is prioritized, the syngas heat supply ratio can be increased to 80%, and the hydrogen production ratio can be reduced to 20% accordingly; when hydrogen demand increases, the syngas hydrogen production ratio can be adjusted up to 50%, while the steam temperature is maintained stable by increasing the pure oxygen supply to the incinerator; Adjustment response time: The response time for the system to switch from normal operation mode to extreme production capacity mode is ≤2 hours, and the fluctuation range of power generation during the switching process is ≤±10%.

2. A hydrogen production and power generation system based on a waste incineration plant according to claim 1, characterized in that: The solid waste is broken down, including: crushing the solid waste to a particle size of less than 50mm by a jaw crusher, removing metal impurities by magnetic separation, and the waste is dried to a moisture content of no more than 15%.

3. The hydrogen production and power generation system based on a waste incineration plant according to claim 1 is characterized in that: Also includes energy closed loop module: The electricity required for the reforming reaction is directly taken from the generator within the system, realizing a closed energy loop of "power generation-hydrogen production" and ensuring zero carbon emissions during the hydrogen production process; The waste heat of the gasifier flue gas is recovered through the waste heat boiler and used to dry the garbage entering the gasifier or the incinerator feed water.

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