Multi-satellite ocean observation system

Abstract

The invention relates to a multi-satellite ocean observation system, which comprises a plurality of buoy units for collecting environmental data information of an ocean surface layer, obtaining surface layer observation data, regularly sending out a first electromagnetic wave signal and executing corresponding observation actions according to a remote control signal; the plurality of subsurface buoy units are used for acquiring ocean information of corresponding depth layers to obtain deep observation data and regularly sending out second electromagnetic wave signals; the data fusion processing system decodes the first electromagnetic wave signal and the second electromagnetic wave signal to obtain surface layer observation data and deep layer observation data, generates an observation report according to the surface layer observation data and the deep layer observation data, and outputs a configuration signal and a remote control signal; the multi-satellite communication system comprises a plurality of satellites, the different satellites communicate with the data fusion processing system, the buoy units and the subsurface buoy units in different frequency bands, the first electromagnetic wave signals and the second electromagnetic wave signals are sent to the data fusion processing system, and the configuration signals and the remote control signals are sent to the buoy units. The method is high in observation efficiency and high in flexibility.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of ocean observation technology, and in particular to a multi-satellite ocean observation system. Background Art

[0002] The ocean is rich in resources and has great development prospects. However, the ocean is not only vast but also full of unknowns. Although some marine research institutions have deployed a large number of buoys to explore and survey the global ocean, they can only passively obtain the collected information of the buoys on a regular basis after the buoys are deployed. They can no longer adjust the buoys' observation tasks, making the observation work lack flexibility. In addition, buoys usually communicate with land-based control systems through communication base stations or limited satellites. The communication coverage range is small, and the ocean information collected by the buoys is easily lost due to the buoys drifting out of the communication range. Moreover, the existing ocean observations lack exploration of deep sea areas, resulting in low efficiency in ocean information collection. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a multi-satellite ocean observation system.

[0004] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve its technical problem is:

[0005] The present invention provides a multi-satellite ocean observation system, comprising:

[0006] Multiple buoy units are dispersedly distributed on the ocean surface of multiple sea areas, periodically collect ocean environment information of the corresponding ocean surface according to observation tasks, obtain surface observation data, emit a first electromagnetic wave signal capable of transmitting the surface observation data, and perform corresponding observation actions according to remote control signals;

[0007] The surface observation data includes surface drift observation data and sea surface observation data, and the deep observation data includes seabed-based observation data and profile observation data;

[0008] The first electromagnetic wave signal includes a first sub-electromagnetic wave signal and a second sub-electromagnetic wave signal, and the configuration signal includes a first sub-configuration signal and a second sub-configuration signal;

[0009] The plurality of buoy units include:

[0010] a plurality of surface drifting buoys dispersedly drifting on the ocean surface of a plurality of sea areas following the ocean currents, periodically collecting surface drift observation data of the ocean currents in the corresponding sea areas according to observation tasks, and periodically transmitting the surface drift observation data to the data fusion processing system via the multi-satellite communication system;

[0011] The surface drift buoy comprises:

[0012] A first observation module is used to collect the surface drift observation data; wherein the surface drift observation data includes the seawater temperature, seawater salinity, seawater flow velocity and seawater flow direction of the surface drift;

[0013] A first GPS module is used to output the position information of the surface drifting buoy;

[0014] Gyroscope, used to detect the attitude information of the surface drifting buoy;

[0015] a first satellite communication module, configured to send the first sub-electromagnetic wave signal and receive the first sub-configuration signal;

[0016] a first processing module, configured to compress and encrypt the surface observation data to obtain the first sub-electromagnetic wave signal, formulate an observation task according to the first sub-configuration signal, periodically switch the working mode according to the observation task, and control the working state of each module based on the working mode, including: controlling the first observation module, the first GPS module, the gyroscope, and the first satellite communication module to sleep in the sleep mode, controlling the first observation module and the first GPS module to work in the observation mode, and controlling the gyroscope and the first satellite communication module to work in the communication mode;

[0017] a first main power supply module, configured to supply power to the first observation module, the first GPS module, the gyroscope, the first satellite communication module, and the first processing module;

[0018] A plurality of sea surface buoys are dispersedly arranged on the sea surface of a plurality of sea areas, and periodically collect sea surface observation data on the sea surface of the corresponding sea areas according to observation tasks and periodically send the sea surface observation data to the data fusion processing system via the multi-satellite communication system;

[0019] The sea surface buoy comprises:

[0020] a second observation module, configured to collect the sea surface observation data; wherein the sea surface observation data includes at least one of the temperature, salinity, seawater flow velocity, direction, and wave height of the sea surface;

[0021] The second GPS module is used to output the location information of the sea surface buoy;

[0022] a second satellite communication module, configured to send the second sub-electromagnetic wave signal and receive the second sub-configuration signal;

[0023] a second processing module, configured to compress and encrypt the surface observation data to obtain the second sub-electromagnetic wave signal, formulate an observation task according to the second sub-configuration signal, periodically switch the working mode according to the observation task, and control the working state of each module based on the working mode, including: controlling the second observation module, the second GPS module, and the second satellite communication module to sleep in the sleep mode, controlling the second observation module and the second GPS module to work in the observation mode, and controlling the second satellite communication module to work in the communication mode;

[0024] a second main power supply module, configured to supply power to the second observation module, the second satellite communication module and the second processing module;

[0025] A plurality of submersible buoy units are dispersedly distributed over depth layers in a plurality of sea areas, collect ocean information of corresponding depth layers, obtain deep layer observation data, and periodically emit a second electromagnetic wave signal capable of transmitting the deep layer observation data; wherein the depth layers include seabed and / or ocean profiles;

[0026] The plurality of latent marker units include:

[0027] a plurality of seabed-based submersible buoys, dispersedly distributed on the seabed of a plurality of sea areas, collecting seabed-based observation data of the seabeds of the different sea areas, and periodically surfacing to transmit the seabed-based observation data to the data fusion processing system via the multi-satellite communication system;

[0028] a plurality of profile buoys, dived in seawater profiles at multiple sea depths in a dispersed manner, collected profile observation data of the seawater profiles in different sea areas, and surfaced regularly to transmit the profile observation data to the data fusion processing system via the multi-satellite communication system;

[0029] The second electromagnetic wave signal includes a third sub-electromagnetic wave signal and a fourth sub-electromagnetic wave signal;

[0030] The seabed-based buoy comprises:

[0031] a third observation module for collecting the seabed-based observation data, wherein the seabed-based observation data includes at least one of seabed biological information, seawater temperature, seawater salinity, seawater turbidity, seawater chlorophyll content, seawater dissolved oxygen content, and geology;

[0032] a plurality of third satellite communication modules, configured to periodically ascend in sequence and emit the third sub-electromagnetic wave signal after ascending to the sea level;

[0033] A first shell is used to accommodate the remaining modules of the seabed-based buoy except the plurality of third satellite communication modules;

[0034] a plurality of first cables connected one-to-one between the third satellite communication module and the first housing;

[0035] a first cable cutter, configured to cut the cable connecting the third satellite communication module and the housing when the third satellite communication module needs to float;

[0036] a first water-contact protection unit, configured to physically isolate the connection between the water-contact cable and the modules in the first housing when the third satellite communication module floats up due to cable cutting;

[0037] a third processing module, configured to compress and encrypt the surface observation data to obtain the third sub-electromagnetic wave signal, and periodically control the third observation module to perform data collection and periodically control the first cable cutter to cut the first cable to perform communication via the third satellite communication module;

[0038] a third main power supply module, configured to supply power to the third observation module, the third satellite communication module, the first cable cutter, the first water protection unit, and the third processing module;

[0039] The profile buoy includes:

[0040] a fourth observation module, configured to collect the profile observation data; wherein the profile observation data includes at least one of the temperature, salinity, depth, dissolved oxygen content, carbon dioxide content, and water pressure of the seawater profile;

[0041] a plurality of fourth satellite communication modules, configured to periodically ascend in sequence and emit the fourth sub-electromagnetic wave signal after ascending to the sea level;

[0042] a second shell, for accommodating the remaining modules of the profile buoy except the plurality of fourth satellite communication modules;

[0043] a plurality of second cables connected one-to-one between the fourth satellite communication module and the second housing;

[0044] a second cable cutter, configured to cut the cable connecting the fourth satellite communication module and the housing when a fourth satellite communication module needs to float;

[0045] a second water-contact protection unit, configured to physically isolate the connection between the water-contact cable and the modules in the second housing when the fourth satellite communication module floats up due to cable cutting;

[0046] The buoyancy adjustment module is used to control the buoyancy of the profile buoy and the depth of the seawater profile where the buoy is located;

[0047] a fourth processing module, configured to compress and encrypt the surface observation data to obtain the fourth sub-electromagnetic wave signal, periodically control the fourth observation module to perform data collection, periodically control the second cable cutter to cut the second cable to communicate via the fourth satellite communication module, and further control the depth of the buoy by controlling the buoyancy adjustment module;

[0048] a fourth main power supply module, configured to supply power to the fourth observation module, the fourth satellite communication module, the second cable cutter, the second water protection unit, the buoyancy adjustment module, and the fourth processing module;

[0049] The third satellite communication module and the fourth satellite communication module respectively include:

[0050] a transmitting unit, configured to be communicatively connected to the multi-satellite communication system;

[0051] A beacon data storage unit is used to obtain the data to be transmitted output by the third processing module and store the data to be transmitted before the third satellite communication module or the fourth satellite communication module floats up;

[0052] a beacon control unit, configured to control the transmitting unit to transmit the data to be transmitted stored in the beacon data storage unit when the third satellite communication module or the fourth satellite communication module floats to the sea surface;

[0053] a third GPS module, configured to output location information of the third satellite communication module or the fourth satellite communication module;

[0054] A beacon power supply unit, used to supply power to the transmitting unit, the beacon data storage unit, the beacon control unit and the third GPS module after the cable is cut;

[0055] An isolated power supply control unit, configured to connect the beacon power supply unit to the transmitting unit, the beacon data storage unit, the beacon control unit, and the third GPS module upon receiving a cable cutting preparation instruction output by the third processing module or the fourth processing module;

[0056] a data fusion processing system for decoding the first and second electromagnetic wave signals to obtain the surface observation data and the deep observation data, generating an observation report based on the surface observation data and the deep observation data, and outputting a configuration signal capable of formulating the observation task and a remote control signal for controlling the operation of the buoy unit; wherein the configuration signal for formulating the observation task includes formulating the duration of the buoy unit operating in different operating modes in each observation cycle, and the operating modes of the buoy unit include a sleep mode, an operating mode, and a communication mode; and the remote control signal for controlling the operation of the buoy unit includes obtaining real-time status information of the buoy unit, adjusting the operating status of the buoy unit, temporarily adjusting the observation task of the buoy unit, and immediately obtaining at least one of the surface observation data collected by the buoy unit;

[0057] A multi-satellite communication system includes multiple satellites, and different satellites are respectively connected to the data fusion processing system, multiple buoy units and multiple submerged buoy units in different frequency bands to send the first and second electromagnetic wave signals to the data fusion processing system, and send the configuration signal and remote control signal to the multiple buoy units.

[0058] Preferably, the formulation of the observation task also includes setting the observation period of various types of observation data collected by the observation module in the buoy unit.

[0059] Preferably, the plurality of satellites include at least two satellites among Beidou satellites, Tiantong satellites, Maritime satellites and DCS satellites.

[0060] Preferably, the signal transmission frequency band for the buoy unit and the submerged buoy unit to communicate with the Beidou satellite is 1606MHz to 1626MHz, and the signal receiving frequency band is 2482MHz to 2502MHz.

[0061] Preferably, the signal transmission frequency band for the buoy unit and the submerged buoy unit to communicate with the Tiantong satellite is 1980MHz to 2010MHz, and the signal receiving frequency band is 2170MHz to 2200MHz.

[0062] Preferably, the signal transmission frequency band for the buoy unit and the submerged buoy unit to communicate with the maritime satellite is 1626.5MHz to 1660.5MHz, and the signal receiving frequency band is 1525MHz to 1559MHz.

[0063] Preferably, the signal transmission frequency band and signal reception frequency band for the buoy unit and the submerged buoy unit to communicate with the DCS satellite are 371.65 MHz to 431.65 MHz.

[0064] Preferably, the first to fourth satellite communication modules are configured as satellite communication modules determined according to the ocean area where the buoy unit or the submerged buoy unit is located and the communication priority; wherein the first to fourth satellite communication modules include at least one communication module among the Beidou satellite communication module, the Tiantong satellite communication module and the maritime satellite communication module determined according to the ocean area where the buoy unit or the submerged buoy unit is located, and the Beidou satellite and the Tiantong satellite have the highest communication priority.

[0065] Preferably, the surface drifting buoy, sea surface buoy, seabed submerged buoy and profile submerged buoy further include:

[0066] Communication module interface, connected to the corresponding processing module, and can be detachably connected to different types of satellite communication modules;

[0067] The backup power module is used to replace the main power module to supply power to the data acquisition unit when the main power module fails.

[0068] Preferably, the buoy unit and the submerged buoy unit also perform self-inspection processing regularly and perform abnormality processing according to the self-inspection results;

[0069] The buoy unit also obtains the upgrade signal output by the data fusion processing system through the multi-satellite communication system to perform software online upgrade according to the upgrade signal.

[0070] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has achieved the following beneficial technical effects:

[0071] By implementing the technical solution of the present invention, it is possible to observe ocean information in the surface and deep areas of multiple sea areas. The communication coverage is wide, and the observation tasks can be customized according to needs, which helps to improve the flexibility of observation work and the efficiency of ocean information collection. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0072] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0073] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a multi-satellite ocean observation system in some embodiments of the present invention;

[0074] Figure 2 is a circuit structure block diagram of a surface drifting buoy in some embodiments of the present invention;

[0075] Figure 3 is a circuit principle block diagram of a first power supply circuit in some embodiments of the present invention;

[0076] Figure 4 is a circuit principle block diagram of a third power supply circuit in some embodiments of the present invention;

[0077] Figure 5 is a circuit structure block diagram of a sea surface buoy in some embodiments of the present invention;

[0078] Figure 6 is a circuit structure block diagram of a seabed-based submersible buoy in some embodiments of the present invention;

[0079] Figure 7 is a circuit structure block diagram of a cross-section potential marker in some embodiments of the present invention;

[0080] Figure 8 FIG. 4 is a circuit structure block diagram of the third satellite communication module and the fourth satellite communication module in some embodiments of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0081] In order to have a clearer understanding of the technical features, purposes and effects of the present invention, specific embodiments of the present invention are now described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0082] It should be noted that the flowcharts shown in the accompanying drawings are for illustrative purposes only and do not necessarily include all content and operations / steps, nor do they necessarily have to be executed in the order described. For example, some operations / steps may be decomposed, while others may be combined or partially combined. Therefore, the actual execution order may vary depending on the actual situation.

[0083] The block diagrams shown in the accompanying drawings are merely functional entities and do not necessarily correspond to physically separate entities. That is, these functional entities may be implemented in software, in one or more hardware modules or integrated circuits, or in different networks and / or processor devices and / or microcontroller devices.

[0084] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a multi-satellite ocean observation system in some embodiments of the present invention. This multi-satellite ocean observation system can observe ocean information from the surface and deep regions of multiple sea areas. It has wide communication coverage and can customize observation tasks based on demand, helping to improve the flexibility of observation work and the efficiency of ocean information collection. Furthermore, ocean information includes, but is not limited to, seawater salinity, seawater temperature, biological information, seawater turbidity, seawater chlorophyll content, seawater dissolved oxygen content, seawater flow rate, and current direction.

[0085] like Figure 1 As shown, the multi-satellite ocean observation system includes a data fusion processing system 3, a multi-satellite communication system 4, a plurality of buoy units 1 and a plurality of submerged buoy units 2.

[0086] The multi-satellite communication system 4 comprises multiple satellites, each of which communicates with the data fusion processing system 3, the multiple buoy units 1, and the multiple submerged buoy units 2 using different frequency bands. This system transmits first and second electromagnetic wave signals to the data fusion processing system 3, as well as configuration and remote control signals to the multiple buoy units 1. Specifically, through the coordination of multiple satellites, a global communication network can be established, significantly improving the communication coverage of the multi-satellite ocean observation system. This minimizes the loss of connection and observation data due to buoy units 1 and submerged buoy units 2 drifting out of communication range. Furthermore, the use of different frequency bands by different satellites prevents interference between communications between different satellites and prevents data loss.

[0087] In some embodiments, the plurality of satellites may include at least two of Beidou satellites, Tiantong satellites, Maritime satellites, and DCS satellites. The signal transmission frequency band for the buoy unit 1 and the submerged buoy unit 2 to communicate with Beidou satellites may be 1606 MHz to 1626 MHz, and the signal reception frequency band may be 2482 MHz to 2502 MHz. The signal transmission frequency band for the buoy unit 1 and the submerged buoy unit 2 to communicate with Tiantong satellites may be 1980 MHz to 2010 MHz, and the signal reception frequency band may be 2170 MHz to 2200 MHz. The signal transmission frequency band for the buoy unit 1 and the submerged buoy unit 2 to communicate with Maritime satellites may be 1626.5 MHz to 1660.5 MHz, and the signal reception frequency band may be 1525 MHz to 1559 MHz. The signal transmission frequency band and signal reception frequency band for the buoy unit 1 and the submerged buoy unit 2 to communicate with DCS satellites may be 371.65 MHz to 431.65 MHz. When the buoy unit 1 and the submerged buoy unit 2 communicate with other satellites, they can also achieve communication through the signal transmission frequency band and the signal reception frequency band both of which are 1616MHz to 1626.5MHz.

[0088] In this embodiment, the buoy unit 1 and the submerged buoy unit 2 respectively use specific frequency bands to interact with different satellites, which can further improve the signal's anti-interference performance and signal transmission quality, and help to more effectively utilize frequency resources (for example, avoiding the use of frequency bands that have been used by civilians or commercial enterprises).

[0089] The data fusion processing system 3 is used to decode the first electromagnetic wave signal emitted by the buoy unit 1 and the second electromagnetic wave signal emitted by the submerged buoy unit 2 to obtain surface observation data and deep observation data, and then generate an observation report based on the surface observation data and deep observation data. It also selectively outputs configuration signals that can be used to formulate observation tasks and remote control signals that control the operation of the buoy unit 1 according to the operation. Specifically, the data fusion processing system 3 can summarize the surface observation data and the deep observation data and compile them into tables or images using existing algorithms to generate observation reports, so that researchers can view how the surface observation data and deep observation data change with time, ocean currents, climate, and other factors. Moreover, researchers can input instructions through the human-computer interaction unit (such as a mouse, keyboard, buttons, etc.) according to actual needs to generate relevant configuration signals and remote control signals, thereby realizing observation task configuration and remote control of the buoy unit 1, significantly improving the operational flexibility of the buoy unit 1. In addition, the data fusion processing system 3 may include existing host computers, computers and other control terminals, and can use existing algorithms to achieve data aggregation, processing and analysis of surface observation data and deep observation data, without limitation here.

[0090] The content of configuring the signal to formulate the observation task includes but is not limited to formulating the duration of the buoy unit 1 working in different working modes in each observation cycle. The working modes of the buoy unit include sleep mode, working mode and communication mode. Specifically, in sleep mode, each module or electronic component in the buoy unit 1 works in low power consumption mode to avoid wasting electricity; in working mode, the buoy unit 1 will only wake up the modules or electronic components necessary for collecting surface observation data, and the modules or electronic components not related to the observation work can enter sleep mode to carry out the observation work with the lowest possible power consumption; in communication mode, the buoy unit 1 will only wake up the modules or electronic components related to communication with the multi-satellite communication system, and the modules or electronic components not related to the communication work can enter sleep mode to establish a communication channel with the multi-satellite communication system with the lowest possible power consumption. Furthermore, the uncertainty of ocean information changes varies greatly for different sea areas. For example, for sea areas where multiple ocean currents converge, the uncertainty of seawater salinity, seawater flow rate, and seawater flow direction is relatively high. Therefore, ocean information needs to be collected relatively frequently to better provide researchers with accurate observation data. For some sea areas with few ocean currents and relatively "calm" conditions (as for the real-time environment of surface drifting buoys and sea surface buoys, researchers can evaluate it based on local climate, historical ocean current directions, and historical observation data collected by surface drifting buoys and sea surface buoys), ocean information can be collected at a relatively low frequency. Therefore, researchers can set the collection frequency of surface drifting buoys and sea surface buoys by sending configuration signals according to actual needs.

[0091] The remote control signal control buoy unit 1 includes but is not limited to:

[0092] 1. Obtaining real-time status information of the buoy unit 1. The real-time status information of the buoy unit 1 includes obtaining the real-time status of each module or electronic component in the buoy unit 1 so that researchers can adjust the working status of the electronic components according to the real-time status information;

[0093] 2. Adjust the working state of the buoy unit 1, including targeted adjustment of the working state of a certain module or electronic component in the buoy unit 1. For example, when a certain electronic component (such as a sensor in the observation module) fails due to a fault, a remote control signal can be input to control the buoy unit 1 to isolate the failed electronic component to cut off the power supply to the failed electronic component, thereby saving energy. Furthermore, if the power consumption of the buoy unit 1 decreases due to the failure of the electronic component, the researchers can also input a configuration signal based on the real-time status information to formulate a suitable observation task, such as reducing the observation period of the buoy unit 1 to obtain more ocean information. Similarly, if the researchers find that the power consumption of the buoy unit 1 increases through the real-time status information of each electronic component, it can be inferred that there may be an abnormality in the electronic components inside the buoy unit 1, resulting in increased power consumption. In order to ensure that the service time of the buoy unit 1 meets the expected time (such as more than one year), the observation period of the buoy unit 1 can be increased to increase the endurance of the buoy unit 1.

[0094] 3. Temporarily adjust the observation task of the buoy unit 1. Due to the uncertainty of the drifting position, ocean current direction, ocean current speed and ocean climate of the buoy unit 1, for example, in the event of a typhoon, in order to predict the typhoon direction, a remote control signal can be input to the buoy unit 1 to control the buoy unit 1 to immediately observe the seawater velocity and direction. Of course, during the observation of the seawater direction, in order to save power, the buoy unit 1 can also be controlled by the remote control signal to suspend the collection of surface observation data other than the seawater velocity and direction.

[0095] 4. Immediately obtain the surface observation data collected by the buoy unit 1. When it is found according to the real-time status information that the buoy unit 1 has an uncontrollable fault and may fail at any time, for example, when it is found that the main power module and the backup power module are both working abnormally (such as very low power), then the surface observation data collected by the buoy unit 1 can be immediately obtained through the remote control signal to avoid the loss of surface observation data. Furthermore, if it is determined according to the position information of the buoy unit 1 that the buoy unit 1 has run aground or is stranded, the surface observation data collected by the buoy unit 1 can also be immediately obtained through the remote control signal to avoid the loss of surface observation data.

[0096] It is understandable that since the direction and speed of ocean currents are difficult to predict, and the buoy unit 1 drifts with the ocean currents, it will be difficult to predict the actual position of the buoy unit 1 when it is abandoned. In the present invention, researchers can send configuration signals and remote control signals to the buoy unit 1 according to the status of the buoy unit 1 (including its location, the working status of the module, etc.), and can more flexibly and specifically control each buoy unit 1 to complete the corresponding observation work, thereby improving the observation efficiency of ocean information.

[0097] The buoy units 1 are dispersedly distributed on the ocean surface of multiple sea areas. Each buoy unit 1 periodically collects ocean information of the ocean surface according to a preset observation task to obtain surface observation data. At the same time, each buoy unit 1 also emits a first electromagnetic wave signal capable of transmitting surface observation data according to its respective observation task, and performs corresponding observation actions according to the remote control signal; wherein the ocean surface includes surface drift and / or sea level. Specifically, the buoy units 1 are distributed on the sea surface or in the ocean surface close to the sea surface, so the communication module of the buoy unit 1 can be protected from the attenuation of electromagnetic wave signals by seawater, so it can realize information interaction with the multi-satellite communication system 4 at any time to realize remote control and configuration of observation tasks.

[0098] In some embodiments, the surface observation data includes surface drift observation data and sea surface observation data, and the deep observation data includes seabed-based observation data and profile observation data. Correspondingly, the plurality of buoy units 1 may include a plurality of surface drift buoys and a plurality of sea surface buoys.

[0099] Each surface drifting buoy is dispersed across multiple ocean regions, drifting along the ocean surface and following the ocean currents. Each surface drifting buoy periodically collects oceanographic information about the ocean currents in its area according to its respective observation mission, thereby obtaining surface drift observation data for that area. Each surface drifting buoy also periodically transmits this surface drift observation data to the data fusion processing system 3 via a multi-satellite communication system 4. Specifically, the surface drifting buoy is deployed in a disposable manner and, after abandonment, drifts along with the ocean currents. Its life cycle is typically one year, and the drift distance within its life cycle generally does not exceed 100,000 kilometers.

[0100] In some embodiments, the first electromagnetic wave signal may include a first sub-electromagnetic wave signal and a second sub-electromagnetic wave signal, and the configuration signal may include a first sub-configuration signal and a second sub-configuration signal.

[0101] See Figure 2 In some embodiments, each surface drifting buoy may include a first observation module 11 , a first GPS module 12 , a gyroscope 13 , a first satellite communication module 14 , a first processing module 15 and a first main power module 16 .

[0102] The first observation module 11 is used to collect surface drift observation data; this surface drift observation data includes the temperature, salinity, flow velocity, and direction of the surface drift seawater. Specifically, the first observation module 11 can be composed of a variety of existing sensors, such as a temperature sensor for collecting seawater temperature and a salinity sensor for collecting seawater salinity. If the data to be observed by the first observation module 11 is the same as that observed by existing surface drift buoys, the observation modules or equipment used in existing surface drift buoys can be used as the first observation module 11.

[0103] The first GPS module 12 is used to output the position information of the surface drifting buoy. The first processing module 15 can determine the position change of the surface drifting buoy based on the position information of the surface drifting buoy, thereby determining the direction and velocity of the seawater flow based on the position change. Moreover, the position information of the surface drifting buoy can also provide important data support for ocean current flow characteristic analysis, marine environmental monitoring, marine climate research, and buoy search and rescue. In addition, the first GPS module 12 can be a MAX-M8 GPS module, which can directly transmit the position information of the surface drifting buoy to the satellite. Of course, other existing GPS modules can also be used as long as they can achieve the positioning function.

[0104] The gyroscope 13 is used to detect the attitude information of the surface drifting buoy; this attitude information includes the surface drifting buoy's tilt angle. Specifically, due to the influence of factors such as ocean currents, sea breezes, and marine life, the surface drifting buoy may experience significant oscillation during drift. If the oscillation frequency or angle is too large, the first satellite communication module 14 may be unable to communicate with the satellite. Therefore, the gyroscope 13 is used to determine the real-time attitude of the surface drifting buoy, and the operation of the first satellite communication module 14 is controlled based on the real-time attitude to prevent invalid communication by the first satellite communication module 14. For example, when the surface drifting buoy's tilt angle is greater than a preset angle (e.g., 60 to 90 degrees), the first satellite communication module 14 is disabled to minimize the failure of the electromagnetic wave signal emitted by the first satellite communication module 14 to reach the satellite. The gyroscope 13 is an MPU-60X0 gyroscope. Of course, other existing gyroscopes that can detect the attitude of the surface drifting buoy in real time may also be used.

[0105] The first satellite communication module 14 is used to send the first sub-electromagnetic wave signal and receive the first sub-configuration signal. The first satellite communication module 14 can be an existing antenna communication module that can communicate with at least one satellite.

[0106] The first processing module 15 is used to compress and encrypt the surface observation data to obtain a first sub-electromagnetic wave signal, and also formulate an observation task according to the first sub-configuration signal to periodically switch the working mode according to the observation task, and control the working state of each module based on the working mode, including: controlling the first observation module 11, the first GPS module 12, the gyroscope 13 and the first satellite communication module 14 to sleep in sleep mode, controlling the first observation module 11 and the first GPS module 12 to work in observation mode, and controlling the gyroscope 13 and the first satellite communication module 14 to work in communication mode. In order to further reduce energy consumption, the first processing module 15 also controls the gyroscope 13 and the first satellite communication module 14 to sleep in observation mode, and controls the first observation module 11 and the first GPS module 12 to sleep in communication mode. In addition, the first processing module 15 can be composed of an ARM processor, a microprocessor with low energy consumption, high stability and strong scalability (such as an STM32 series processor). In sleep mode, the ARM processor included in the first processing module 15 can work in a low power consumption mode, which can minimize energy consumption.

[0107] The first main power module 16 is used to power the first observation module 11, the first GPS module 12, the gyroscope 13, the first satellite communication module 14, and the first processing module 15. Specifically, the first main power module 16 can be composed of a battery and an existing power management circuit (such as a switching power supply circuit). The power management circuit can convert the battery output voltage to provide a stable power supply to the first observation module 11, the first GPS module 12, the gyroscope 13, the first satellite communication module 14, and the first processing module 15. Because some modules have different operating voltages, the power management circuit can also output multiple power supplies based on the battery output voltage to meet the power requirements of each module.

[0108] Furthermore, in some embodiments, the first main power module 16 may include a first power circuit, a second power circuit, and a third power circuit.

[0109] The first power supply circuit is used to convert the battery output voltage VIN into a first DC voltage (which may be 5V), and the first DC voltage can supply power to the first observation module 11 and the first satellite communication module 14. Figure 3 In some embodiments, the first power supply circuit may include a DCDC power supply chip 161 of model LM53635 and related peripheral electronic components. The specific circuit structure of the first power supply circuit can be referred to Figure 3 , I will not go into details here.

[0110] The second power supply circuit is used to convert the battery output voltage VIN into a second DC voltage (which may be 3.3V). This second DC voltage can power the first GPS module 12, the gyroscope 13, and the first processing module 15. The second power supply circuit can use the same circuit schematic as the first power supply circuit. By adjusting the resistance values of the first resistor 162 and the second resistor 163 as needed, the first power supply circuit can switch from outputting the first DC voltage to outputting the second DC voltage.

[0111] The third power supply circuit is used to convert the battery output voltage VIN into a third DC voltage (which may be 1.8V). The third DC voltage can power the logic circuit in the first processing module 15. Figure 4 In some embodiments, the third power supply circuit may include an LDO chip N3 of model TLV70128 and related peripheral electronic components. The specific circuit structure of the third power supply circuit can be referred to Figure 4 , I will not go into details here.

[0112] Each surface buoy is dispersed across multiple sea areas. Each buoy periodically collects oceanographic information from the surface of its respective sea area based on its observation mission to obtain surface observation data for the corresponding sea area. Each buoy also periodically transmits surface observation data to the data fusion processing system 3 via the multi-satellite communication system 4. Specifically, surface buoys are typically relatively fixed on the sea surface near land, not only collecting oceanographic information from the surface of their respective sea areas but also serving as navigation systems. Because surface buoys are relatively close to land, search and rescue operations and maintenance are less difficult. Therefore, surface buoys are typically non-disposable. Furthermore, the observation cycle for surface buoys is typically once an hour, meaning they observe oceanographic information and provide feedback on corresponding surface observation data every hour. The observation cycle for surface buoys can also be adjusted and configured via the second sub-configuration signal. In addition, the sea surface buoy can also select the satellite that needs to communicate based on the size of its observation data. For example, when the sea surface observation data is greater than the set data volume, it is preferred to transmit this data through the maritime satellite. If the sea surface observation data is not greater than the set data volume, the data can be transmitted through both the Beidou satellite and the Tiantong satellite, which can be determined by the communication priority.

[0113] See Figure 5 In some embodiments, each sea surface buoy may include a second observation module 21 , a second GPS module 22 , a second satellite communication module 23 , a second processing module 24 and a second main power supply module 25 .

[0114] The second observation module 21 is used to collect sea surface observation data; this sea surface observation data includes at least one of sea surface temperature, salinity, current velocity, direction, and wave height. Specifically, the second observation module 21 can be composed of a variety of existing sensors, such as temperature sensors and salinity sensors. If the data observed by the second observation module 21 is the same as that observed by existing surface drifting buoys, the observation modules or equipment of existing surface drifting buoys can be used as the second observation module 21.

[0115] The second GPS module 22 is used to output the position information of the sea surface buoy. The function of the second GPS module 22 is similar to that of the first GPS module 12, and the second GPS module 22 can be a MAX-M8 GPS module.

[0116] The second satellite communication module 23 is used to send the second sub-electromagnetic wave signal and receive the second sub-configuration signal. The second satellite communication module 23 can be an existing antenna communication module that can communicate with at least one satellite.

[0117] The second processing module 24 is used to compress and encrypt the surface observation data to obtain a second sub-electromagnetic wave signal. It also formulates an observation task based on the second sub-configuration signal to periodically switch the working mode according to the observation task, and controls the working status of each module based on the working mode, including: controlling the second observation module 21, the second GPS module 22, and the second satellite communication module 23 to sleep in sleep mode, controlling the second observation module 21 and the second GPS module 22 to work in observation mode, and controlling the second satellite communication module 23 to work in communication mode. In order to reduce energy consumption, the second processing module 24 also controls the second satellite communication module 23 to sleep in observation mode, and controls the second observation module 21 and the second GPS module 22 to sleep in communication mode. In addition, the second processing module 24 can be composed of an ARM processor.

[0118] The second main power module 25 is used to supply power to the second observation module 21, the second satellite communication module 23 and the second processing module 24. The function and specific circuit structure of the second main power module 25 are similar to those of the first main power module 16 and will not be described in detail here.

[0119] Since the sea surface buoy collects ocean information at a high frequency and consumes a lot of power, and is relatively close to the land, the difficulty of search and rescue and maintenance is low, the environment is relatively good, and the probability of being impacted by waves and organisms is low, it has a high maintenance value. Therefore, in order to improve the endurance of the sea surface buoy, in some embodiments, such as Figure 5 As shown, each sea surface buoy may further include an existing solar charging module 26. The solar charging module 26 is used to charge the second main power module 25 using solar energy.

[0120] In some embodiments, the formulation of observation tasks for surface drifting buoys and sea surface buoys may further include setting the observation period for various types of observation data collected by the observation module in the buoy unit 1. Specifically, since the changes in ocean information vary greatly in different sea areas, for example, in sea areas where multiple ocean currents converge, the uncertainty of the salinity, flow velocity, and direction of the seawater is relatively high, while in sea areas with only a single ocean current, the degree of change in the seawater information is relatively low. Therefore, the period of each type of observation data can be specifically set by configuring signals based on the actual sea area where the buoy unit 1 is located. For example, when the buoy unit 1 is in a sea area with a small degree of change in seawater information, since the changes in seawater salinity, flow velocity, and flow direction are small, observations can be made every four hours. However, in sea areas with a large degree of change in seawater information, since the frequency of changes in seawater salinity, flow velocity, and flow direction is high and they are important data for studying the direction of ocean currents, observations can be made every hour or even half an hour. This helps researchers to more flexibly formulate the observation tasks of each buoy unit 1 according to actual conditions, thereby improving the observation effect.

[0121] The submersible buoy units 2 are dispersed across multiple depth layers in the ocean. Each submersible buoy unit 2 collects ocean information from the corresponding depth layer to obtain deep observation data, and periodically emits a second electromagnetic wave signal capable of transmitting the deep observation data; wherein the depth layer includes the seabed and / or ocean profile. Specifically, the submersible buoy units 2 are distributed in a set depth sea area below sea level (e.g., an ocean profile or seabed with a depth of 500 to 1500 meters). Because seawater attenuates electromagnetic wave signals, the submersible buoy units 2 can only surface periodically to exchange information with the multi-satellite communication system 4.

[0122] In some embodiments, the plurality of buoy units 2 may include a plurality of seabed-based buoys and a plurality of profile buoys.

[0123] The seabed-based buoys are dispersed across the seabed in multiple sea areas. Each buoy collects oceanographic information from the seabed in its area to obtain seabed-based observation data for the corresponding seabed. Each buoy also periodically surfaces to transmit this observation data to the data fusion processing system 3 via a multi-satellite communication system 4. Specifically, the buoys are deployed in a disposable manner and observe oceanographic information on the seabed for an extended period of time.

[0124] In some embodiments, the second electromagnetic wave signal may include a third sub-electromagnetic wave signal and a fourth sub-electromagnetic wave signal.

[0125] See Figure 6 In some embodiments, the seabed-based buoy may include a third observation module 31, a third processing module 33, a third main power module 34, a first cable cutter 37, a first water contact protection unit 38, a plurality of first cables 36 and a plurality of third satellite communication modules 32.

[0126] The third observation module 31 is used to collect seabed-based observation data; this seabed-based observation data includes at least one of seabed biological information, seawater temperature, seawater salinity, seawater turbidity, seawater chlorophyll content, seawater dissolved oxygen content, and geology. Specifically, the third observation module 31 can be composed of a variety of existing sensors, such as temperature sensors, salinity sensors, seawater salinity sensors, oxygen content detection devices for measuring oxygen content, and geological exploration devices for exploring seabed geology. If the data to be observed by the third observation module 31 is the same as the data observed by existing seabed-based submersible buoys, the observation modules or equipment of existing seabed-based submersible buoys can be used as the third observation module 31.

[0127] The plurality of third satellite communication modules 32 are configured to periodically ascend (i.e., ascend one by one) and emit a third sub-electromagnetic wave signal after ascending to the sea surface. The third satellite communication module 32 may be an existing antenna communication module capable of communicating with at least one satellite.

[0128] The first shell 39 is used to accommodate the remaining modules of the seabed-based submersible buoy except the plurality of third satellite communication modules 32 .

[0129] The first cable 36 is connected one-to-one between the third satellite communication module 32 and the first housing 39 ( Figure 6 (The first cables 36 are not shown.) In addition, before the third satellite communication module 32 is released and floats, the third satellite communication module 32 can obtain power from the third main power module 34 via the first cables 36 .

[0130] The first cable cutter 37 is used to cut the cable connecting the third satellite communication module 32 and the housing when a third satellite communication module 32 needs to float. The first cable cutter 37 can be an existing cable cutting device.

[0131] The first water protection unit 38 is configured to physically isolate the connection between the water-touch cable and the modules within the first housing 39 when the third satellite communication module 32 floats due to cable cutting, thereby preventing the modules within the first housing 39 from short-circuiting or malfunctioning due to water contact. The first water protection unit 38 may be an existing water protection circuit.

[0132] The third processing module 33 is configured to compress and encrypt the surface observation data to obtain a third sub-electromagnetic wave signal, periodically control the third observation module 31 to perform data acquisition, and periodically control the first cable cutter 37 to cut one of the first cables 36 that has not yet released the third satellite communication module 32, thereby enabling communication via the third satellite communication module 32. Furthermore, the third processing module 33 may be comprised of an ARM processor. In sleep mode, the ARM processor included in the third processing module 33 may operate in a low-power mode, thereby reducing energy consumption.

[0133] The third main power module 34 is used to power the third observation module 31, the third satellite communication module 32, the first cable cutter 37, the first water protection unit 38, and the third processing module 33. The functions and specific circuit structure of the third main power module 34 are similar to those of the first main power module 16 and are not further described here.

[0134] Each profiling buoy is dispersed and submerged in seawater profiles at multiple depths. Each profiling buoy collects oceanographic information from the seawater profile in its area, obtaining profile observation data for the corresponding seawater profile. It then periodically surfaces to transmit this profile observation data to the data fusion processing system 3 via a multi-satellite communication system 4. Specifically, the profiling buoy is deployed in a disposable manner. After deployment, it drifts along underwater ocean currents in a seawater profile at a set depth (up to 500 meters or more). During this drifting process, it regularly collects oceanographic information. Its life cycle is generally one year, and the drifting distance within its life cycle generally does not exceed 100,000 kilometers.

[0135] See Figure 7 In some embodiments, the profile buoy may include a fourth observation module 41, a buoyancy adjustment module 42, a fourth satellite communication module 43, a second cable cutter 44, a fourth processing module 45, a fourth main power module 46, a second water protection unit 47 and a plurality of second cables 49.

[0136] The fourth observation module 41 is used to collect profile observation data; this profile observation data includes at least one of the following: seawater profile temperature, salinity, depth, dissolved oxygen content, carbon dioxide content, and water pressure. Specifically, the fourth observation module 41 can be composed of a variety of existing sensors, such as temperature sensors, salinity sensors, seawater salinity sensors, oxygen content detection devices, and pressure sensors for measuring water pressure. If the data observed by the fourth observation module 41 is the same as that observed by existing seabed-based submerged buoys, the observation modules or equipment of existing seabed-based submerged buoys can be used as the fourth observation module 41.

[0137] The fourth satellite communication module 43 is used to send a fourth sub-electromagnetic wave signal.

[0138] The second shell 48 is used to accommodate the remaining modules in the profile buoy except the plurality of fourth satellite communication modules 43.

[0139] The second cable 49 is connected one-to-one between the fourth satellite communication module 43 and the second housing 48. In addition, before the fourth satellite communication module 43 is released and floats, the fourth satellite communication module 43 can obtain power from the fourth main power module 46 through the second cable 49.

[0140] The second cable cutter 44 is used to cut the cable connecting the fourth satellite communication module 43 and the housing when a fourth satellite communication module 43 needs to float up. The second cable cutter 44 can be an existing cable cutting device.

[0141] The second water protection unit 47 is used to physically isolate the connection between the water-touch cable and the modules within the second housing 48 when the fourth satellite communication module 43 floats due to cable cutting, thereby preventing the modules within the second housing 48 from short-circuiting or malfunctioning due to water contact. The second water protection unit 47 can be an existing water protection circuit.

[0142] The buoyancy adjustment module 42 is used to control the buoyancy of the profile buoy and the depth of the seawater profile in which the buoy is located. The buoyancy adjustment module 42 can be an existing buoyancy adjustment device or equipment, which is not limited here.

[0143] The fourth processing module 45 is used to compress and encrypt the surface observation data to generate a fourth sub-electromagnetic wave signal, periodically control the fourth observation module 41 to perform data acquisition, and periodically control the second cable cutter 44 to cut one of the second cables 49 that has not been released from the fourth satellite communication module 43, thereby enabling communication via the fourth satellite communication module 43. Furthermore, the fourth processing module 45 controls the depth of the buoy by controlling the buoyancy adjustment module 42. Specifically, after the profiling buoy is deployed, the fourth processing module 45 controls the fourth satellite communication module 43 to be dormant. It then uses the buoyancy adjustment module 42 to cause the buoy to dive to the target seawater profile depth and maintain it at the target seawater profile. During this period, the fourth processing module 45 periodically controls the fourth observation module 41 to perform data acquisition (or, when not performing data acquisition, to be dormant). When the observation data transmission period expires, the fourth processing module 45 can also use the buoyancy adjustment module 42 to cause the buoy to ascend or descend, thereby adjusting the depth of the seawater profile observed by the buoy. Since the working depth of the buoy may be as high as 1500 meters or more, it takes a certain amount of time to float and dive. After the command to control the floating and diving is issued, the fourth processing module 45 can enter a dormant state, thereby reducing energy consumption. In addition, the fourth processing module 45 can be composed of an ARM processor.

[0144] The fourth main power module 46 is used to power the fourth observation module 41, the fourth satellite communication module 43, the second cable cutter 44, the second water protection unit 47, the buoyancy adjustment module 42, and the fourth processing module 45. The functions and specific circuit structure of the fourth main power module 46 are similar to those of the first main power module 16 and are not further described here.

[0145] Because different satellites have limited communication ranges and varying coverage areas, and buoy unit 1 and submerged buoy unit 2 can typically only observe ocean information within a limited range, to reduce the cost of buoy unit 1 and submerged buoy unit 2, the first to fourth satellite communication modules can be configured as: satellite communication modules determined based on the ocean region and communication priority of buoy unit 1 or submerged buoy unit 2; the first to fourth satellite communication modules include at least one of a Beidou satellite communication module, a Tiantong satellite communication module, a maritime satellite communication module, and a DCS satellite communication module, determined based on the ocean region of buoy unit 1 or submerged buoy unit 2. The Beidou satellite communication module is dedicated to communicating with Beidou satellites; the Tiantong satellite communication module is dedicated to communicating with Tiantong satellites; the maritime satellite communication module is dedicated to communicating with maritime satellites; and the DCS satellite communication module is dedicated to communicating with DCS satellites. In addition, Beidou satellites and Tiantong satellites have the highest communication priority, that is, when the sea area observed by the buoy unit 1 and the submerged buoy unit 2 can communicate with multiple satellites at the same time, if the satellites that can communicate include Beidou satellites or Tiantong satellites, the Beidou satellite communication module and the Tiantong satellite communication module will be used first.

[0146] See Figure 2 、 Figure 5 、 Figure 6 and Figure 7 In some embodiments, the surface drifting buoy, the sea surface buoy, the seabed-based submerged buoy and the profile submerged buoy may further include a communication module interface and a backup power supply module, respectively.

[0147] The communication module interface is connected to the corresponding processing module (ie, the first processing module 15, the second processing module 24, the third processing module 33 or the fourth processing module 45, for details, see Figure 2 、 Figure 5 、 Figure 6 and Figure 7 ) connection, and can detachably connect different types of satellite communication modules. Specifically, the communication module interface can be detachably connected to the Beidou satellite communication module, Tiantong satellite communication module, maritime satellite communication module, DCS satellite communication module, and other satellite communication modules, so that researchers can flexibly configure the corresponding satellite communication module according to the observation area of the buoy or submerged buoy. Of course, if the buoy or submerged buoy operates in the critical area of the communication range of two satellites, it can also simultaneously access the satellite communication modules corresponding to the two satellites through the communication module interface to ensure that the buoy and submerged buoy can feedback observation data.

[0148] The backup power module is used to replace the main power module to supply power to the data acquisition unit when the main power module fails.

[0149] In some embodiments, as Figure 8 As shown, the third satellite communication module 32 and the fourth satellite communication module 43 may respectively include a transmitting unit, a beacon data storage unit, a beacon control unit, a beacon power supply unit and an isolated power supply control unit.

[0150] The transmitting unit is used to communicate with the multi-satellite communication system 4. The transmitting unit can be an existing antenna circuit or module for communicating with satellites. It should be noted that the type of satellite communication module is determined by the type of satellite communication module. For example, if the third satellite communication module 32 is a Beidou satellite communication module, the transmitting unit corresponds to an existing antenna circuit dedicated to transmitting and receiving Beidou satellite communication frequency bands.

[0151] The beacon data storage unit is used to obtain the data to be transmitted output by the third processing module 33 and store the data to be transmitted before the third satellite communication module and the fourth satellite communication module float. The beacon data storage unit can be an existing storage device, such as a flash memory.

[0152] The beacon control unit is configured to control the transmitting unit to transmit the data to be transmitted stored in the beacon data storage unit when the third satellite communication module or the fourth satellite communication module surfaces. The beacon control unit may be composed of an ARM processor and is configured to control the operation of the transmitting unit, the beacon data storage unit, and the beacon data storage unit.

[0153] The third GPS module is used to output the location information of the third satellite communication module 32 or the fourth satellite communication module 43 after the third satellite communication module 32 or the fourth satellite communication module 43 floats to the sea level.

[0154] The beacon power supply unit is used to power the transmitter unit, beacon data storage unit, beacon control unit, and the third GPS module after the cable is cut. Specifically, the beacon power supply unit may include a battery and a corresponding voltage conversion circuit. The battery output voltage is converted to a voltage level that can normally power the transmitter unit, beacon data storage unit, and beacon control unit.

[0155] The isolated power supply control unit is used to connect the communication beacon power supply unit with the transmitting unit, the beacon data storage unit, the beacon control unit, and the third GPS module upon receiving the cable cutting preparation instruction output by the third processing module 33 or the fourth processing module 45. Specifically, the isolated power supply control unit can be composed of an isolating switch such as a relay or an optocoupler. Its specific function is to ensure that the beacon power supply unit is disconnected from the load circuit before the cable is cut and the third satellite communication module 32 or the fourth satellite communication module 43 is released to avoid power loss. Only after the cable is cut will the beacon power supply unit begin to supply power to the transmitting unit, the beacon data storage unit, the beacon control unit, and the third GPS module, thereby ensuring that the beacon power supply unit is sufficient to maintain power until the third satellite communication module 32 or the fourth satellite communication module 43 floats to the sea level and transmits the second electromagnetic wave signal and the satellite communication module position information. It should be noted that since the third processing module 33 or the fourth processing module 45 is not equipped with a gyroscope, the transmission of the second electromagnetic wave signal is greatly affected by the waves. If the angle offset of the third processing module 33 or the fourth processing module 45 is too large, it is easy to cause signal transmission failure. In addition, the amount of observation data that the buoy unit 2 needs to transmit is large, so the beacon power supply unit needs to have sufficient power to enable the transmitting unit to continue working for a certain period of time to ensure that the second electromagnetic wave signal can be received by the satellite. Therefore, it is necessary to reduce the power consumption of the beacon power supply unit as much as possible, and thus an isolated power supply control unit is configured.

[0156] Due to the harsh marine environment, some components of the buoy are easily damaged by wave impact, biological attacks, etc., and if the damage to some components is not dealt with in time, the entire buoy will fail in a short time. In some embodiments, the buoy unit 1 and the submerged buoy unit 2 also perform self-inspection processing regularly, and perform abnormal processing according to the self-inspection results. For example, when a sensor in the observation module (including the first to fourth observation modules 41) fails, the processing module (including the first to fourth processing modules 45) will control the system to restart. If the sensor still fails after restarting, it is determined that the sensor has failed, and the failed sensor will be controlled to stop operating to reduce power and avoid the spread of the fault.

[0157] Furthermore, since the buoy unit 1 can communicate with the satellite in real time, and the service life of the buoy unit 1 can usually reach 1 year, in order to provide the possibility of iterative update of the software of the buoy unit 1 to improve the working flexibility and scalability of the buoy unit 1, in some embodiments, the buoy unit 1 can also obtain the upgrade signal output by the data fusion processing system 3 through the multi-satellite communication system 4 to perform software online upgrade according to the upgrade signal.

[0158] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, with each embodiment focusing on the differences from other embodiments. Reference can be made to the common and similar parts between the various embodiments. For the devices disclosed in the embodiments, since they correspond to the methods disclosed in the embodiments, the description is relatively simple, and the relevant parts can be referred to the method description.

[0159] It is understandable that the above embodiments only express the preferred implementation modes of the present invention, and the description thereof is relatively specific and detailed, but it cannot be understood as limiting the patent scope of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this field, without departing from the concept of the present invention, the above technical features can be freely combined, and several deformations and improvements can be made, all of which fall within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, all equivalent changes and modifications made to the scope of the claims of the present invention should fall within the scope of coverage of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multi-satellite ocean observation system, characterized in that: include: Multiple buoy units are dispersedly distributed on the ocean surface of multiple sea areas, periodically collect ocean environment information of the corresponding ocean surface according to observation tasks, obtain surface observation data, emit a first electromagnetic wave signal capable of transmitting the surface observation data, and perform corresponding observation actions according to remote control signals; The surface observation data includes surface drift observation data and sea surface observation data, and the deep observation data includes seabed-based observation data and profile observation data; The first electromagnetic wave signal includes a first sub-electromagnetic wave signal and a second sub-electromagnetic wave signal, and the configuration signal includes a first sub-configuration signal and a second sub-configuration signal; The plurality of buoy units include: a plurality of surface drifting buoys dispersedly drifting on the ocean surface of a plurality of sea areas following the ocean currents, periodically collecting surface drift observation data of the ocean currents in the corresponding sea areas according to observation tasks, and periodically transmitting the surface drift observation data to the data fusion processing system via the multi-satellite communication system; The surface drift buoy comprises: A first observation module is used to collect the surface drift observation data; wherein the surface drift observation data includes the seawater temperature, seawater salinity, seawater flow velocity and seawater flow direction of the surface drift; A first GPS module is used to output the position information of the surface drifting buoy; Gyroscope, used to detect the attitude information of the surface drifting buoy; a first satellite communication module, configured to send the first sub-electromagnetic wave signal and receive the first sub-configuration signal; a first processing module, configured to compress and encrypt the surface observation data to obtain the first sub-electromagnetic wave signal, formulate an observation task according to the first sub-configuration signal, periodically switch the working mode according to the observation task, and control the working state of each module based on the working mode, including: controlling the first observation module, the first GPS module, the gyroscope, and the first satellite communication module to sleep in the sleep mode, controlling the first observation module and the first GPS module to work in the observation mode, and controlling the gyroscope and the first satellite communication module to work in the communication mode; The first main power module is used to supply power to the first observation module, the first GPS module, the gyroscope, Powering the first satellite communication module and the first processing module; A plurality of sea surface buoys are dispersedly arranged on the sea surface of a plurality of sea areas, and periodically collect sea surface observation data on the sea surface of the corresponding sea areas according to observation tasks and periodically send the sea surface observation data to the data fusion processing system via the multi-satellite communication system; The sea surface buoy comprises: a second observation module, configured to collect the sea surface observation data; wherein the sea surface observation data includes at least one of the temperature, salinity, seawater flow velocity, direction, and wave height of the sea surface; The second GPS module is used to output the location information of the sea surface buoy; a second satellite communication module, configured to send the second sub-electromagnetic wave signal and receive the second sub-configuration signal; a second processing module, configured to compress and encrypt the surface observation data to obtain the second sub-electromagnetic wave signal, formulate an observation task according to the second sub-configuration signal, periodically switch the working mode according to the observation task, and control the working state of each module based on the working mode, including: controlling the second observation module, the second GPS module, and the second satellite communication module to sleep in the sleep mode, controlling the second observation module and the second GPS module to work in the observation mode, and controlling the second satellite communication module to work in the communication mode; a second main power supply module, configured to supply power to the second observation module, the second satellite communication module and the second processing module; A plurality of submersible buoy units are dispersedly distributed over depth layers in a plurality of sea areas, collect ocean information of corresponding depth layers, obtain deep layer observation data, and periodically emit a second electromagnetic wave signal capable of transmitting the deep layer observation data; wherein the depth layers include seabed and / or ocean profiles; The plurality of latent marker units include: a plurality of seabed-based submersible buoys, dispersedly distributed on the seabed of a plurality of sea areas, collecting seabed-based observation data of the seabeds of the different sea areas, and periodically surfacing to transmit the seabed-based observation data to the data fusion processing system via the multi-satellite communication system; a plurality of profile buoys, dived in seawater profiles at multiple sea depths in a dispersed manner, collected profile observation data of the seawater profiles in different sea areas, and surfaced regularly to transmit the profile observation data to the data fusion processing system via the multi-satellite communication system; The second electromagnetic wave signal includes a third sub-electromagnetic wave signal and a fourth sub-electromagnetic wave signal; The seabed-based buoy includes: a third observation module for collecting the seabed-based observation data, wherein the seabed-based observation data includes at least one of seabed biological information, seawater temperature, seawater salinity, seawater turbidity, seawater chlorophyll content, seawater dissolved oxygen content, and geology; a plurality of third satellite communication modules, configured to periodically ascend in sequence and emit the third sub-electromagnetic wave signal after ascending to the sea level; A first shell is used to accommodate the remaining modules of the seabed-based buoy except the plurality of third satellite communication modules; a plurality of first cables connected one-to-one between the third satellite communication module and the first housing; a first cable cutter, configured to cut the cable connecting the third satellite communication module and the housing when the third satellite communication module needs to float; a first water-contact protection unit, configured to physically isolate the connection between the water-contact cable and the modules in the first housing when the third satellite communication module floats up due to cable cutting; a third processing module, configured to compress and encrypt the surface observation data to obtain the third sub-electromagnetic wave signal, and periodically control the third observation module to perform data collection and periodically control the first cable cutter to cut the first cable to perform communication via the third satellite communication module; a third main power supply module, configured to supply power to the third observation module, the third satellite communication module, the first cable cutter, the first water protection unit, and the third processing module; The profile buoy includes: a fourth observation module, configured to collect the profile observation data; wherein the profile observation data includes at least one of the temperature, salinity, depth, dissolved oxygen content, carbon dioxide content, and water pressure of the seawater profile; a plurality of fourth satellite communication modules, configured to periodically ascend in sequence and emit the fourth sub-electromagnetic wave signal after ascending to the sea level; A second shell is used to accommodate the remaining modules of the profile buoy except the plurality of fourth satellite communication modules; a plurality of second cables connected one-to-one between the fourth satellite communication module and the second housing; a second cable cutter, configured to cut the cable connecting the fourth satellite communication module and the housing when a fourth satellite communication module needs to float; a second water-contact protection unit, configured to physically isolate the connection between the water-contact cable and the modules in the second housing when the fourth satellite communication module floats up due to cable cutting; The buoyancy adjustment module is used to control the buoyancy of the profile buoy and the depth of the seawater profile where the buoy is located; a fourth processing module, configured to compress and encrypt the surface observation data to obtain the fourth sub-electromagnetic wave signal, periodically control the fourth observation module to perform data collection, periodically control the second cable cutter to cut the second cable to communicate via the fourth satellite communication module, and further control the depth of the buoy by controlling the buoyancy adjustment module; a fourth main power supply module, configured to supply power to the fourth observation module, the fourth satellite communication module, the second cable cutter, the second water protection unit, the buoyancy adjustment module, and the fourth processing module; The third satellite communication module and the fourth satellite communication module respectively include: a transmitting unit, configured to be communicatively connected to the multi-satellite communication system; A beacon data storage unit is used to obtain the data to be transmitted output by the third processing module and store the data to be transmitted before the third satellite communication module or the fourth satellite communication module floats up; a beacon control unit, configured to control the transmitting unit to transmit the data to be transmitted stored in the beacon data storage unit when the third satellite communication module or the fourth satellite communication module floats to the sea surface; a third GPS module, configured to output location information of the third satellite communication module or the fourth satellite communication module; A beacon power supply unit, used to supply power to the transmitting unit, the beacon data storage unit, the beacon control unit and the third GPS module after the cable is cut; An isolated power supply control unit, configured to connect the beacon power supply unit to the transmitting unit, the beacon data storage unit, the beacon control unit, and the third GPS module upon receiving a cable cutting preparation instruction output by the third processing module or the fourth processing module; a data fusion processing system for decoding the first and second electromagnetic wave signals to obtain the surface observation data and the deep observation data, generating an observation report based on the surface observation data and the deep observation data, and outputting a configuration signal capable of formulating the observation task and a remote control signal for controlling the operation of the buoy unit; wherein the configuration signal for formulating the observation task includes formulating the duration of the buoy unit operating in different operating modes in each observation cycle, and the operating modes of the buoy unit include a sleep mode, an operating mode, and a communication mode; and the remote control signal for controlling the operation of the buoy unit includes obtaining real-time status information of the buoy unit, adjusting the operating status of the buoy unit, temporarily adjusting the observation task of the buoy unit, and immediately obtaining at least one of the surface observation data collected by the buoy unit; A multi-satellite communication system includes multiple satellites, and different satellites are respectively connected to the data fusion processing system, multiple buoy units and multiple submerged buoy units in different frequency bands to send the first and second electromagnetic wave signals to the data fusion processing system, and send the configuration signal and remote control signal to the multiple buoy units.

2. The multi-satellite ocean observation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The formulation of the observation task also includes setting the observation period of various types of observation data collected by the observation module in the buoy unit.

3. The multi-satellite ocean observation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The plurality of satellites include at least two satellites among Beidou satellites, Tiantong satellites, Maritime satellites and DCS satellites.

4. The multi-satellite ocean observation system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The signal transmission frequency band for the buoy unit and the submerged buoy unit to communicate with the Beidou satellite is 1606MHz to 1626MHz, and the signal receiving frequency band is 2482MHz to 2502MHz.

5. The multi-satellite ocean observation system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The signal transmission frequency band for the buoy unit and the submerged buoy unit to communicate with the Tiantong satellite is 1980MHz to 2010MHz, and the signal receiving frequency band is 2170MHz to 2200MHz.

6. The multi-satellite ocean observation system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The signal transmission frequency band for the buoy unit and the submerged buoy unit to communicate with the maritime satellite is 1626.5MHz to 1660.5MHz, and the signal receiving frequency band is 1525MHz to 1559MHz.

7. The multi-satellite ocean observation system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The signal transmission frequency band and signal reception frequency band for the buoy unit and the submerged buoy unit to communicate with the DCS satellite are 371.65 MHz to 431.65 MHz.

8. The multi-satellite ocean observation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first to fourth satellite communication modules are configured as satellite communication modules determined according to the ocean area where the buoy unit or the submerged buoy unit is located and the communication priority; wherein the first to fourth satellite communication modules include at least one communication module among the Beidou satellite communication module, the Tiantong satellite communication module and the maritime satellite communication module determined according to the ocean area where the buoy unit or the submerged buoy unit is located, and the Beidou satellite and the Tiantong satellite have the highest communication priority.

9. The multi-satellite ocean observation system according to claim 8, characterized in that: The surface drifting buoy, sea surface buoy, seabed submerged buoy and profile submerged buoy also include: Communication module interface, connected to the corresponding processing module, and can be detachably connected to different types of satellite communication modules; The backup power module is used to replace the main power module to supply power to the data acquisition unit when the main power module fails.

10. The multi-satellite ocean observation system according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The buoy unit and the submerged buoy unit also perform self-inspection processing regularly and perform abnormal processing according to the self-inspection results; The buoy unit also obtains the upgrade signal output by the data fusion processing system through the multi-satellite communication system to perform software online upgrade according to the upgrade signal.

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