Quenching energy release control method for nuclear fusion high-temperature superconducting magnet

Abstract

The invention discloses a quench energy release control method for a nuclear fusion high-temperature superconducting magnet, and the method comprises the steps: collecting multi-dimensional data of the high-temperature superconducting magnet, and calculating a quench severity factor according to the multi-dimensional data; when the quench of the high-temperature superconducting magnet is determined according to the quench severity factor, the quench faults of the high-temperature superconducting magnet are graded according to the quench severity factor; and performing energy release control on the high-temperature superconducting magnet according to the quench fault level. According to the method, quench severity factors are calculated according to multi-dimensional data collected from the high-temperature superconducting magnet in real time, the quench fault grade of the high-temperature superconducting magnet is determined according to the quench severity factors, and corresponding energy release actions are triggered according to the quench fault grade. The quench severity of the high-temperature superconducting magnet can be quickly identified and quantitatively evaluated, differential discharge actions can be triggered, and energy loss is reduced while the service life of the high-temperature superconducting magnet is prolonged.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of nuclear fusion high-temperature superconducting magnet protection, and in particular to a quench energy dissipation control method for nuclear fusion high-temperature superconducting magnets. Background Art

[0002] Nuclear fusion is the process by which light atomic nuclei combine to form heavier nuclei, releasing enormous amounts of energy. Achieving controlled nuclear fusion on Earth requires confining plasma at temperatures exceeding 100 million degrees Celsius and maintaining its stability for a sufficient period of time. One approach involves using nuclear fusion devices such as tokamaks and stellarators to confine the plasma through magnetic fields. Using high-temperature superconducting magnets to generate magnetic fields in nuclear fusion devices can effectively reduce the size of the device and thus save construction costs. However, these devices face various quench protection issues, such as slow quench propagation, difficulty in timely and accurate quench detection, and magnet energy loss after a quench.

[0003] Quench protection methods for high-temperature superconductors used in nuclear fusion applications often employ a single discharge mode or a simple discharge control approach with a fixed time threshold. These simple discharge control approaches can result in delayed discharge, potentially damaging the superconducting magnet. Furthermore, triggering full-power discharge during a minor quench can cause coil stress accumulation, potentially impacting coil life. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention aims to address, at least to some extent, one of the technical problems in the related art. To this end, one objective of the present invention is to provide a method for controlling quench energy release in a high-temperature superconducting magnet for nuclear fusion. This method can rapidly identify and quantitatively assess the severity of a superconducting magnet quench and trigger differentiated release actions, thereby extending the service life of the superconducting magnet while reducing energy loss.

[0005] The second object of the present invention is to provide a quench energy dissipation control device for a nuclear fusion high-temperature superconducting magnet.

[0006] A third object of the present invention is to provide a computer-readable storage medium.

[0007] A fourth object of the present invention is to provide an electronic device.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, a first embodiment of the present invention provides a quench energy dissipation control method for a nuclear fusion high-temperature superconducting magnet. The method comprises: collecting multi-dimensional data of the high-temperature superconducting magnet and calculating a quench severity factor based on the multi-dimensional data; when determining that the high-temperature superconducting magnet has quenched based on the quench severity factor, grading the quench fault of the high-temperature superconducting magnet based on the quench severity factor; and performing energy dissipation control on the high-temperature superconducting magnet based on the quench fault grade.

[0009] According to an embodiment of the present invention, a quench energy dissipation control method for a nuclear fusion high-temperature superconducting magnet calculates a quench severity factor based on multi-dimensional data collected in real time from the high-temperature superconducting magnet, determines the quench fault level of the high-temperature superconducting magnet based on the quench severity factor, and triggers a corresponding energy dissipation action based on the quench fault level. This method can quickly identify and quantitatively evaluate the quench severity of the high-temperature superconducting magnet and trigger differentiated energy dissipation actions, thereby extending the service life of the superconducting magnet while reducing energy loss, and providing a strong guarantee for the stable operation of the nuclear fusion device.

[0010] In addition, the quench energy release control method proposed in the above embodiment of the present invention may also have the following additional technical features:

[0011] According to one embodiment of the present invention, collecting multi-dimensional data of the high-temperature superconducting magnet and calculating the quench severity factor based on the multi-dimensional data include: detecting the multi-dimensional data of the high-temperature superconducting magnet and synchronously collecting the multi-dimensional data, wherein the multi-dimensional data includes at least one of temperature data, voltage data, stress data, and magnetic field data; normalizing the synchronously collected multi-dimensional data and performing nonlinear weighting on the normalized multi-dimensional data; and calculating the quench severity factor based on the processed multi-dimensional data.

[0012] According to an embodiment of the present invention, determining the quench of the high temperature superconducting magnet according to the quench severity factor includes: determining that the quench severity factors of a preset number of consecutive sampling periods are all greater than or equal to a first threshold.

[0013] According to one embodiment of the present invention, grading the quench fault of the high-temperature superconducting magnet according to the quench severity factor includes: calculating a derivative of the quench severity factor according to the quench severity factor; and determining the quench fault level of the high-temperature superconducting magnet according to the quench severity factor and its derivative.

[0014] According to one embodiment of the present invention, determining the quench fault level of the high-temperature superconducting magnet based on the quench severity factor and its derivative includes: if the quench severity factor is greater than or equal to a second threshold and the derivative is greater than or equal to 0, determining that the quench fault of the high-temperature superconducting magnet is a level one fault, wherein the second threshold is greater than the first threshold; if the quench severity factor is greater than or equal to the first threshold and less than the second threshold and the derivative is greater than or equal to 0, or if the quench severity factor is greater than or equal to the second threshold and the derivative is less than 0, determining that the quench fault of the high-temperature superconducting magnet is a level two fault; if the quench severity factor is greater than or equal to the first threshold and less than the second threshold and the derivative is less than 0, determining that the quench fault of the high-temperature superconducting magnet is a level three fault.

[0015] According to one embodiment of the present invention, controlling the energy dissipation of the high-temperature superconducting magnet according to the quench fault level includes: if the quench fault level is a level one fault, controlling a power supply system that provides power to the high-temperature superconducting magnet to shut down power, and controlling an energy dissipation circuit that dissipates energy from the high-temperature superconducting magnet to complete energy dissipation within a preset discharge time; if the quench fault level is a level two fault, controlling the power supply system to shut down power, and controlling the energy dissipation circuit to complete energy dissipation within a variable discharge time; and if the quench fault level is a level three fault, controlling the power supply system to reduce current while controlling a cryogenic system used to cool the high-temperature superconducting magnet to increase a cooling medium flow rate and / or reduce a cooling medium temperature.

[0016] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the method further includes: after controlling a cryogenic system for cooling the high-temperature superconducting magnet to increase a cooling medium flow rate and / or reduce a cooling medium temperature, if the quench severity factor is less than the first threshold, terminating energy dissipation and restoring the cooling medium flow rate of the cryogenic system; if the quench severity factor is greater than or equal to the first threshold, controlling the power supply system to shut down power, and controlling the energy dissipation circuit to complete energy dissipation within a variable discharge time.

[0017] To achieve the above objectives, a second embodiment of the present invention provides a quench energy dissipation control device for a nuclear fusion high-temperature superconducting magnet. The device includes: a data acquisition module for acquiring multi-dimensional data of the high-temperature superconducting magnet; a data calculation module for calculating a quench severity factor based on the multi-dimensional data; a grading decision module for grading the quench fault of the high-temperature superconducting magnet according to the quench severity factor when determining that the high-temperature superconducting magnet is quenched according to the quench severity factor; and an energy dissipation control module for controlling the energy dissipation of the high-temperature superconducting magnet according to the quench fault level.

[0018] To achieve the above objectives, the third embodiment of the present invention proposes a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon. When the computer program is executed by a processor, the quench energy release control method proposed in the first embodiment of the present invention is implemented.

[0019] To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, an embodiment of the fourth aspect of the present invention proposes an electronic device, comprising a memory and a processor, wherein a computer program is stored on the memory, and when the computer program is executed by the processor, the quench energy release control method proposed in the embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention is implemented.

[0020] Additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description which follows, or may be learned through practice of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 is a flow chart of a quench energy release control method according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 2 is a flow chart of collecting and calculating the quench severity factor according to one embodiment of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 3 is a flow chart of classifying quench faults according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 4 1 is a schematic diagram of a system involved in quench energy release control according to a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 5 This is a quench energy release control flow chart of a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 6 1 is a schematic diagram of a quench energy release control device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 7 It is a structural block diagram of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] The following describes embodiments of the present invention in detail, examples of which are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals throughout represent the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are intended to be used to explain the present invention, and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0029] It should be noted that due to the maximum magnetic field limit of low-temperature superconducting magnets, the volume of nuclear fusion devices using low-temperature superconducting magnets is relatively large. High-temperature superconducting magnets have the characteristics of large energy storage and high magnetic field, so the volume of nuclear fusion devices using high-temperature superconducting magnets is relatively small.

[0030] High-temperature superconducting magnets are more stable and less prone to quenching than low-temperature superconducting magnets. However, their quench propagation speed is two to three orders of magnitude slower than that of traditional low-temperature superconducting magnets. This makes quench detection and quench protection in high-temperature superconducting magnets more challenging. Missing detection can delay quench protection and potentially damage the superconducting magnet. However, over-protection, resulting in rapid discharge, can also shorten the magnet's service life.

[0031] To solve the above problems, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for controlling quench energy release in a high-temperature superconducting magnet for nuclear fusion. The method for controlling quench energy release in a high-temperature superconducting magnet for nuclear fusion according to an embodiment of the present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific implementation methods.

[0032] Figure 1FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a quench energy release control method according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 1 As shown, the quench energy release control method may include:

[0033] S101, collecting multi-dimensional data of the high-temperature superconducting magnet, and calculating a quench severity factor based on the multi-dimensional data;

[0034] S102, when determining that the high temperature superconducting magnet has quenched according to the quench severity factor, classifying the quench fault of the high temperature superconducting magnet according to the quench severity factor;

[0035] S103: Controlling energy dissipation of the high-temperature superconducting magnet according to the quench fault level.

[0036] It should be noted that there is a certain amount of room between the shunt temperature and the quenching of a high-temperature superconducting magnet. The embodiments of the present invention collect multi-dimensional data of the high-temperature superconducting magnet in real time to detect the quenching of the magnet. When a quenching fault is determined in the magnet, favorable energy dissipation intervention measures are taken to prevent the quenching of the magnet.

[0037] To protect nuclear fusion devices and cope with quenching of high-temperature superconducting magnets, the quenching energy dissipation control method of the embodiments of the present invention establishes a linkage fault level determination mechanism between the high-temperature superconducting magnet and the operating status of the nuclear fusion device, refines the energy dissipation control mode, thereby extending the service life of the superconducting magnet and providing a strong guarantee for the stable operation of the nuclear fusion device.

[0038] Specifically, multi-dimensional data of the high-temperature superconducting magnet is collected in real time, and a quench severity factor is calculated based on the collected multi-dimensional data. Whether the high-temperature superconducting magnet is quenched is determined based on the quench severity factor. When a quench is determined, the quench fault of the high-temperature superconducting magnet is classified based on the quench severity factor to determine the quench fault level of the high-temperature superconducting magnet. A corresponding level of energy dissipation action is triggered based on the quench fault level, and the energy dissipation action of the high-temperature superconducting magnet is adjusted based on the real-time feedback of the quench severity factor, thereby achieving protection for the high-temperature superconducting magnet.

[0039] The quench energy dissipation control method of an embodiment of the present invention calculates a quench severity factor based on multi-dimensional data of a high-temperature superconducting magnet, determines a quench fault level of the high-temperature superconducting magnet based on the calculated quench severity factor, and triggers a corresponding energy dissipation action based on the quench fault level. This method rapidly identifies and quantitatively assesses the severity of the quench of the high-temperature superconducting magnet and triggers differentiated energy dissipation actions, thereby extending the service life of the superconducting magnet while reducing energy loss, and providing a strong guarantee for the stable operation of the nuclear fusion device.

[0040] In one embodiment of the present invention, Figure 2 As shown, collecting multi-dimensional data of a high-temperature superconducting magnet and calculating a quench severity factor based on the multi-dimensional data may include:

[0041] S201, detecting multi-dimensional data of a high-temperature superconducting magnet and synchronously collecting the multi-dimensional data, wherein the multi-dimensional data includes at least one of temperature data, voltage data, stress data, and magnetic field data;

[0042] S202, normalizing the synchronously collected multi-dimensional data, and performing nonlinear weight processing on the normalized multi-dimensional data;

[0043] S203: Calculate a quench severity factor based on the processed multi-dimensional data.

[0044] In practice, a multi-dimensional sensor array can be used to detect multi-dimensional data from a high-temperature superconducting magnet. The multi-dimensional sensor array can include a temperature sensor array, a voltage probe array, a stress sensor array, a magnetic field sensor array, and other components to detect temperature, voltage, stress, and magnetic field data from the high-temperature superconducting magnet. Sensors in each array are placed at preset locations within the high-temperature superconducting magnet. Multiple preset locations can be selected by engineers based on the structure of the superconducting magnet. For example, key locations within the high-temperature superconducting magnet can be set as preset locations.

[0045] Practically, a high-speed chip data acquisition unit can be used to achieve synchronous acquisition of multi-channel data. The data of each dimension collected from the multi-dimensional sensor array using the high-speed chip data acquisition unit can ensure the consistency of the phase of the data of each dimension.

[0046] Specifically, a multi-dimensional sensor array is used to detect multi-dimensional data of a high-temperature superconducting magnet, and a data acquisition unit is used to synchronously acquire the multi-dimensional data. The multi-dimensional data acquired synchronously is subjected to sliding window filtering, normalization, nonlinear weighting and other processing.

[0047] When calculating the quench severity factor, an integrated high-performance embedded processor can be used to calculate the quench severity factor Q, which characterizes the severity of the quench of the superconducting magnet, in real time.

[0048] In one embodiment of the present invention, determining a high temperature superconducting magnet quench according to a quench severity factor includes:

[0049] It is determined that the quench severity factors of a preset number of consecutive sampling periods are all greater than or equal to a first threshold.

[0050] To prevent transient interference from falsely triggering the energy dissipation control, the embodiment of the present invention adopts a safety redundancy design.

[0051] Specifically, when it is determined that the quench severity factor Q of a preset number of consecutive sampling periods is greater than or equal to a first threshold value Q1, a quench fault of the high-temperature superconducting magnet is determined. After the quench fault of the high-temperature superconducting magnet is confirmed, the quench fault of the high-temperature superconducting magnet is classified according to the quench severity factor.

[0052] Exemplarily, the classification decision module determines that a high-temperature superconducting magnet has a quench fault when the quench severity factor Q is greater than or equal to a first threshold value Q1 for 10 consecutive sampling periods. After the high-temperature superconducting magnet has a quench fault, the quench fault of the high-temperature superconducting magnet is classified according to the quench severity factor.

[0053] In one embodiment of the present invention, Figure 3 As shown in Figure 1, the quench failure of high-temperature superconducting magnets is classified according to the quench severity factor, including:

[0054] S301, calculating a derivative of the quench severity factor according to the quench severity factor;

[0055] S302: Determine a quench fault level of the high-temperature superconducting magnet according to the quench severity factor and its derivative.

[0056] Specifically, the derivative of the quench severity factor, dQ / dt, is calculated based on the quench severity factor, Q, and the time t corresponding to the sampling period. Multi-level quench fault classification is achieved based on the quench severity factor, Q, and its derivative, dQ / dt, to trigger the corresponding energy dissipation strategy.

[0057] This embodiment of the present invention uses a dual-threshold verification mechanism to determine the level of a quench fault. Specifically, by comparing the quench severity factor Q with the first threshold Q1 and the second threshold Q2, and determining the relationship between the derivative dQ / dt and 0, a quench fault in a high-temperature superconducting magnet is determined and classified.

[0058] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, determining the quench fault level of a high-temperature superconducting magnet according to the quench severity factor and its derivative includes:

[0059] If the quench severity factor is greater than or equal to a second threshold value and the derivative is greater than or equal to 0, determining that the quench fault of the high-temperature superconducting magnet is a primary fault, wherein the second threshold value is greater than the first threshold value;

[0060] If the quench severity factor is greater than or equal to the first threshold value, less than the second threshold value, and the derivative is greater than or equal to 0, or the quench severity factor is greater than or equal to the second threshold value, and the derivative is less than 0, then the quench fault of the high-temperature superconducting magnet is determined to be a secondary fault;

[0061] If the quench severity factor is greater than or equal to the first threshold, less than the second threshold, and the derivative is less than 0, it is determined that the quench fault of the high temperature superconducting magnet is a third-level fault.

[0062] In this embodiment, the quench fault of the high-temperature superconducting magnet is divided into three levels.

[0063] Specifically, if the quench severity factor Q is greater than or equal to the second threshold Q2, and the derivative dQ / dt is greater than or equal to 0, that is, Q≥Q2, and dQ / dt≥0, it is determined that a severe quench has occurred and is classified as a level 1 fault.

[0064] If the quench severity factor Q is greater than or equal to the first threshold Q1 and less than the second threshold Q2, and the derivative dQ / dt is greater than or equal to 0, that is, Q2>Q≥Q1, and dQ / dt≥0, then it is determined that a moderate quench has occurred and is classified as a level 2 fault.

[0065] If the quench severity factor Q is greater than or equal to the second threshold Q2, and the derivative dQ / dt is less than 0, that is, Q≥Q2, and dQ / dt<0, it is determined that a moderate quench has occurred and is classified as a level 2 fault.

[0066] If the quench severity factor Q is greater than or equal to the first threshold Q1 and less than the second threshold Q2, and the derivative dQ / dt is less than 0, that is, Q2>Q≥Q1, and dQ / dt<0, then it is determined that a minor quench has occurred and recovery is possible, and it is classified as a level 3 fault.

[0067] In one embodiment of the present invention, energy dissipation control of a high-temperature superconducting magnet is performed according to a quench fault level, including:

[0068] If the quench fault level is a level one fault, the power system that provides power to the high-temperature superconducting magnet is controlled to shut down the power supply, and the energy dissipation circuit that dissipates energy to the high-temperature superconducting magnet is controlled to complete energy dissipation within a preset dissipation time;

[0069] If the quench fault level is a level 2 fault, the power supply system is controlled to shut down the power supply, and the energy dissipation circuit is controlled to complete energy dissipation within a variable dissipation time;

[0070] If the quench fault level is a level three fault, the power supply system is controlled to reduce current while the cryogenic system for cooling the high-temperature superconducting magnet is controlled to increase the cooling medium flow rate and / or reduce the cooling medium temperature.

[0071] In the embodiments of the present invention, the energy discharge of the high-temperature superconducting magnet is divided into first-level energy discharge, second-level energy discharge, and third-level energy discharge, depending on whether the power supply (power supply system) supplying power to the high-temperature superconducting magnet is turned off and whether the energy discharge time of the high-temperature superconducting magnet is fixed. Among them, the first-level energy discharge: turns off the power of the power supply system and quickly discharges the energy with a fixed time constant (single time constant). The second-level energy discharge: turns off the power of the power supply system and discharges the energy in stages with a variable time constant. The third-level energy discharge: does not turn off the power of the power supply system, but controls the power supply system to withdraw the current to maintain the current of the superconducting magnet and regulates the low-temperature system to control the temperature of the high-temperature superconducting magnet.

[0072] When a quench fault reaches level 1, level 1 energy dissipation is initiated. The power system is controlled to shut down or operate at reduced current. The energy dissipation circuit is controlled to quickly dissipate energy within a preset dissipation time (single time constant). The preset dissipation time is determined by a formula that combines the hotspot temperature and the energy dissipation time.

[0073] When a quench fault reaches level 2, level 2 energy dissipation is initiated. The power system is controlled to shut down or operate with reduced current. The energy dissipation circuit is controlled to perform multi-stage gradient dissipation, completing the energy dissipation within a variable dissipation time. This gradient dissipation reduces the number of thermal shocks in the super-magnet, thereby extending the cycle life of the coils in the super-magnet.

[0074] When the quench fault reaches level 3, level 3 energy dissipation is initiated. The power system is controlled to reduce current, while the cryogenic system is controlled to increase the coolant flow rate and / or reduce the coolant temperature to cool the high-temperature superconducting magnet, thereby ensuring that the high-temperature superconducting magnet remains within a safe temperature margin. The coolant flow rate and temperature can be determined using a PID (Proportional-Integral-Derivative) control algorithm.

[0075] The power supply system in the embodiment of the present invention adopts a multi-level power-off backup. After the main power is cut off, the backup fast circuit breaker forcibly transfers the current to the discharge circuit.

[0076] The energy dissipation circuit in the embodiment of the present invention adopts thermal shock suppression. During the energy dissipation stage, the power of the resistor array (energy dissipation circuit) is dynamically adjusted through the PID algorithm to ensure that the temperature rise rate reaches a preset target range.

[0077] In one embodiment of the present invention, the energy discharge circuit may include a fast circuit breaker and a graded discharge resistor array. When the energy discharge circuit completes energy discharge within a preset discharge time, the fast circuit breaker is closed and the graded discharge resistor array is activated for full-power discharge. When the energy discharge circuit completes energy discharge within a variable discharge time, the fast circuit breaker is closed and the graded discharge resistor array is activated for multi-level gradient discharge.

[0078] In one embodiment of the present invention, the quench energy dissipation control method further includes:

[0079] After controlling a cryogenic system for cooling a high-temperature superconducting magnet to increase a cooling medium flow rate and / or reduce a cooling medium temperature, if the quench severity factor is less than a first threshold, energy dissipation is terminated and the cooling medium flow rate of the cryogenic system is restored; if the quench severity factor is greater than or equal to the first threshold, the power supply system is controlled to shut down power, and the energy dissipation circuit is controlled to complete energy dissipation within a variable dissipation time.

[0080] The embodiment of the present invention not only performs energy dissipation control according to the quench fault level, but also adjusts the energy dissipation control mode according to the quench severity factor Q and the quench fault level.

[0081] Specifically, when Q2>Q≥Q1 and dQ / dt<0, three-stage energy dissipation is initiated. As the high-temperature superconducting magnet is discharged, the quench severity factor Q decreases. The quench severity factor Q may fall below the first threshold value Q1 at any time, meaning that energy dissipation may be terminated at any time. To reduce the energy consumption of the cryogenic system caused by over-protection discharge, the power supply is not shut down, the superconducting magnet current is maintained, and the cryogenic system is regulated to control the temperature of the superconducting magnet. When the quench severity factor Q falls below the first threshold value Q1, energy dissipation is terminated and the flow of coolant in the cryogenic system is restored. If, during energy dissipation of the high-temperature superconducting magnet, the quench severity factor Q increases instead of decreasing, the power supply system can be controlled to shut down, and the energy dissipation circuit can be controlled to perform multi-stage gradient discharge to complete energy dissipation within a variable discharge time.

[0082] When discharging a high-temperature superconducting magnet, embodiments of the present invention generate a discharging completion and / or discharging suspension report based on the parameters of each system during the discharging process, and summarize the report in a database to serve as a basis for decision-making on subsequent quench discharging of the high-temperature superconducting magnet. Furthermore, when a similar fault occurs next time, historical data can be retrieved from the database for comparison with current data to optimize the discharging mode using a self-learning time constant.

[0083] By conducting simulation tests on the quench energy release control provided by the present invention, and establishing a magnet-circuit-thermal field coupling model based on multi-physics field analysis software, the correlation between the quench severity factor Q and thermal runaway was verified. Using model testing, trial runs on a prototype device confirmed that the fault response time met the requirements.

[0084] Taking a specific embodiment as an example, the systems and implementation process that may be involved in the implementation of the quench energy release control method in the embodiment of the present invention are introduced:

[0085] like Figure 4 As shown, the systems in the nuclear fusion device involved in the implementation of the quench energy dissipation control method in the embodiment of the present invention may include: a quench detection system, a central processing system, a power supply system, an energy dissipation circuit, and a cryogenic system. The controlled load is a superconducting magnet system including a high-temperature superconducting magnet.

[0086] The quench detection system collects multi-dimensional data from the HTS magnets and calculates the quench severity factor based on this data. It then classifies quench faults in the HTS magnets based on the quench severity factor. The resulting quench fault levels are then sent to the central processing system. The central processing system then determines the energy dissipation method and implements control actions on the power system, energy dissipation circuit, and cryogenic system to trigger different levels of energy dissipation.

[0087] like Figure 5 As shown in FIG, the quench detection system detects the temperature, voltage, stress and local magnetic field strength of each region of the superconducting magnet in the high-temperature superconducting magnet in real time, and simultaneously collects temperature data, voltage data, stress data and magnetic field data to obtain multi-dimensional data.

[0088] When calculating the quench severity factor Q in real time based on the voltage, temperature and other data of the detected superconducting magnet, the data is first normalized: each parameter (temperature, voltage, stress, magnetic field) is normalized by a threshold value or a reference value to eliminate the dimension effect. The normalized multidimensional data is then subjected to nonlinear weight processing. It should be noted that each item is assigned a weight coefficient to reflect the importance of each parameter, while amplifying the influence of key parameters through exponential operations. If there is a coupling effect between parameters (such as temperature increase accelerates stress accumulation), a cross term can be added. For process parameters such as phase change, or according to different severity levels, segmented calculation is adopted. The quench severity factor Q is calculated based on the multidimensional data after normalization and nonlinear weight processing. In this embodiment, the update of the quench severity factor Q is calculated once every millisecond, and its rate of change (derivative) dQ / dt is recorded.

[0089] Based on the comparison between the quench severity factor Q and the first threshold Q1 / second threshold Q2, as well as the comparison between the derivative dQ / dt and 0, quench faults are classified and the fault level is determined. This level is then sent to the central processing system as a magnet fault report. Specifically, if Q ≥ Q1, a quench is considered present. If Q ≥ Q2 and dQ / dt ≥ 0, a primary fault is identified. If Q1 ≤ Q < Q2 and dQ / dt ≥ 0; or Q ≥ Q2 and dQ / dt < 0, a secondary fault is identified. If Q1 ≤ Q < Q2 and dQ / dt < 0, a tertiary fault is identified.

[0090] In the event of a primary fault (serious quench) in the central processing system, full power discharge is triggered, shutting down the power supply system and actuating the parallel fast circuit breaker. The energy discharge circuit rapidly discharges energy, with the discharge time compressed to or less than the preset discharge time.

[0091] When a secondary fault (regional quench expansion) occurs in the central processing system, the power supply to the power system is shut down, and the energy dissipation circuit activates multi-stage gradient discharge, which can achieve dynamic matching of the current decay rate through time-sharing conduction of the IGBT (Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor) array.

[0092] In the event of a Level 3 fault (a localized microquench that can be recovered, or a false quench) in the central processing system, if the accumulated heat can be dissipated by the cooling medium, indicating a recoverable quench, the power system can be controlled to reduce current, simultaneously triggering an increase in cooling medium flow and / or a decrease in cooling medium temperature. If the quench severity factor (Q) continues to increase and the accumulated heat cannot be promptly dissipated by the cooling medium, the power system can be shut down and the IGBT array can be controlled to conduct in a timed manner to dynamically match the current decay rate and reduce the operating current. When the quench is recovered, the current discharge is stopped.

[0093] After the central processing system is discharged, a magnet energy discharge completion report can be generated. Based on the magnet energy discharge completion report, the condition of the high-temperature superconducting magnet can be evaluated and the restoration of the operating current can be considered.

[0094] It should be noted that the parameters in the above embodiment are only used as an example of the embodiment, and the specific parameters need to be adjusted according to the actual magnet design.

[0095] The quench energy dissipation control method in the embodiment of the present invention extends the service life of the superconducting magnet while reducing energy loss by quickly identifying and quantitatively evaluating the severity of the quench in the superconducting magnet and triggering differentiated dissipation actions, thereby providing strong guarantees for the stable operation of the nuclear fusion device.

[0096] The present invention provides a quench energy dissipation control device for a nuclear fusion high-temperature superconducting magnet.

[0097] Figure 6 FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a quench energy release control device according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 6 As shown, a quench energy dissipation control device 100 for a nuclear fusion high-temperature superconducting magnet may include a data acquisition module 10 , a data calculation module 20 , a hierarchical decision module 30 and an energy dissipation control module 40 .

[0098] The data acquisition module 10 is used to collect multi-dimensional data of the high-temperature superconducting magnet; the data calculation module 20 is used to calculate the quench severity factor based on the multi-dimensional data; the classification decision module 30 is used to classify the quench fault of the high-temperature superconducting magnet according to the quench severity factor when determining that the high-temperature superconducting magnet is quenched according to the quench severity factor; and the energy dissipation control module 40 is used to control the energy dissipation of the high-temperature superconducting magnet according to the quench fault level.

[0099] In one embodiment of the present invention, the data acquisition module 10 includes:

[0100] A multi-dimensional sensor array for detecting multi-dimensional data of a high-temperature superconducting magnet, wherein the multi-dimensional data includes at least one of temperature data, voltage data, stress data, and magnetic field data;

[0101] The data acquisition unit is used to synchronously acquire multi-dimensional data.

[0102] Specifically, the multi-dimensional sensor array may include a temperature sensor array, a voltage probe array, a stress sensor array, and a magnetic field sensor array, among others, to detect temperature, voltage, stress, and magnetic field data from the superconducting magnet. Sensors in each array are placed at predetermined locations within the superconducting magnet. There are multiple predetermined locations, which can be determined by engineers based on the structure of the superconducting magnet. For example, key locations within the superconducting magnet can be set as predetermined locations.

[0103] The data acquisition unit uses a high-speed chip to achieve synchronous acquisition of multi-channel data. The data acquisition unit using a high-speed chip collects data from the multi-dimensional sensor array in each dimension, ensuring the phase consistency of the data in each dimension.

[0104] In one embodiment of the present invention, the data calculation module 20 includes:

[0105] A preprocessing unit, used to normalize the multi-dimensional data and perform nonlinear weight processing on the normalized multi-dimensional data;

[0106] The calculation unit is used to calculate the quench severity factor according to the processed multi-dimensional data.

[0107] Specifically, the preprocessing unit performs sliding window filtering, normalization, and nonlinear weighting on the collected multidimensional data. Exemplarily, during normalization, the preprocessing unit applies a linear mapping to each data type based on its historical extreme values. The computing unit utilizes an integrated high-performance embedded processor to calculate the quench severity factor (Q), which characterizes the severity of the superconducting magnet quench, in real time.

[0108] In one embodiment of the present invention, the quench energy dissipation control device 100 further includes a judgment module for judging whether the quench severity factors of a preset number of consecutive sampling periods are all greater than or equal to a first threshold.

[0109] In one embodiment of the present invention, the classification decision module 30 is configured to classify the quench fault of the high temperature superconducting magnet according to the quench severity factor when determining that the high temperature superconducting magnet is quenched according to the quench severity factor.

[0110] In one embodiment of the present invention, the hierarchical decision module 30 is configured to calculate a derivative of the quench severity factor according to the quench severity factor; and determine a quench fault level of the high-temperature superconducting magnet quench fault according to the quench severity factor and its derivative.

[0111] In one embodiment of the present invention, the hierarchical decision module 30 is configured to:

[0112] When the quench severity factor is greater than or equal to a second threshold and the derivative is greater than or equal to 0, determining that the quench fault of the high-temperature superconducting magnet is a primary fault, wherein the second threshold is greater than or equal to the first threshold;

[0113] When the quench severity factor is greater than or equal to a first threshold value, less than a second threshold value, and the derivative is greater than or equal to 0, or when the quench severity factor is greater than or equal to the second threshold value, and the derivative is less than 0, determining that the quench fault of the high-temperature superconducting magnet is a secondary fault;

[0114] When the quench severity factor is greater than or equal to a first threshold value, less than a second threshold value, and the derivative is less than 0, it is determined that the quench fault of the high-temperature superconducting magnet is a third-level fault.

[0115] In one embodiment of the present invention, the energy dissipation control module 40 is configured to:

[0116] When the quench fault level is level one, the power supply system is controlled to shut down the power supply, and the energy dissipation circuit is controlled to complete energy dissipation within the preset dissipation time;

[0117] When the quench fault level is a level 2 fault, the power supply system is controlled to shut down the power supply, and the energy dissipation circuit is controlled to complete energy dissipation within a variable dissipation time;

[0118] When the quench fault level is level 3, the power supply is controlled to demagnetize, and the cryogenic system is controlled to increase the flow rate of the cooling medium used to cool the high-temperature superconducting magnet and / or reduce the temperature of the cooling medium used to cool the high-temperature superconducting magnet.

[0119] Specifically, when the quench fault level reaches level 1, level 1 energy discharge is initiated. The energy discharge control module generates a power-off command and a fixed-time discharge command. Upon receiving the power-off command from the energy discharge control module, the power supply system shuts down or operates with reduced current. Upon receiving the fixed-time discharge command from the energy discharge control module, the energy discharge circuit rapidly discharges energy within a preset discharge time. The preset discharge time is determined by a formula based on the hotspot temperature and the energy discharge time.

[0120] Specifically, when the quench fault level reaches level 2, level 2 energy dissipation is initiated. The energy dissipation control module generates a power-off command and a variable-time dissipation command. Upon receiving the power-off command from the energy dissipation control module, the power system shuts down or operates with reduced current. Upon receiving the variable-time dissipation command from the energy dissipation control module, the energy dissipation circuit performs multi-level gradient dissipation. This gradient dissipation reduces the number of thermal shocks in the super-magnet and improves the cycle life of the coils in the super-magnet.

[0121] Specifically, when the quench fault level reaches level 3, level 3 energy dissipation is initiated. The energy dissipation control module controls power supply demagnetization and simultaneously generates a coolant flow rate increase instruction and / or a coolant temperature decrease instruction. Upon receiving the coolant flow rate increase instruction and / or coolant temperature decrease instruction sent by the energy dissipation control module, the cryogenic system adjusts the coolant flow rate and / or coolant temperature to ensure that the high-temperature superconducting magnet is within a safe temperature margin. The coolant flow rate and coolant temperature can be determined using a PID (Proportional-Integral-Derivative) control algorithm.

[0122] The power supply system in the embodiment of the present invention adopts a multi-level power-off backup. After the main power is cut off, the backup fast circuit breaker forcibly transfers the current to the discharge circuit.

[0123] The energy dissipation circuit in the embodiment of the present invention adopts thermal shock suppression. During the energy dissipation stage, the power of the resistor array (energy dissipation circuit) is dynamically adjusted through the PID algorithm to ensure that the temperature rise rate reaches a preset target range.

[0124] In one embodiment of the present invention, the energy discharge circuit may include a fast circuit breaker and a graded discharge resistor array. Upon receiving a fixed-time discharge instruction, the energy discharge circuit closes the fast circuit breaker and activates the graded discharge resistor array for full-power discharge. Upon receiving a variable-time discharge instruction, the energy discharge circuit closes the fast circuit breaker and activates the graded discharge resistor array for multi-level gradient discharge.

[0125] In one embodiment of the present invention, the energy dissipation control module 40 is configured to, after controlling the cryogenic system to increase the flow rate of a cooling medium used to cool a high-temperature superconducting magnet and / or to reduce the temperature of the cooling medium used to cool a high-temperature superconducting magnet, terminate energy dissipation and restore the flow rate of the cooling medium in the cryogenic system if the quench severity factor is less than a first threshold value; and, if the quench severity factor is greater than or equal to the first threshold value, control the power supply system to shut down power and control the energy dissipation circuit to perform gradient dissipation.

[0126] The energy dissipation control module 40 of the embodiment of the present invention not only performs energy dissipation control according to the quench fault level, but also adjusts the energy dissipation control mode according to the quench severity factor Q and the quench fault level.

[0127] The energy dissipation control module 40 in this embodiment of the present invention controls the operation of the power system, the cryogenic system, and the energy dissipation circuit according to the quench severity factor and the quench fault level, and dynamically adjusts the upper limit of the dissipation time based on feedback data to ensure that the hotspot temperature and stress do not exceed the limit until the energy dissipation is completed or terminated.

[0128] It should be noted that, for other specific implementations of the quench energy release control device provided in the embodiment of the present invention, reference may be made to other specific implementations of the quench energy release control method in the above embodiment of the present invention.

[0129] The quench energy release control device of the embodiment of the present invention can quickly identify and quantitatively evaluate the severity of the superconducting magnet quench and trigger differentiated release actions, thereby extending the service life of the superconducting magnet while reducing energy loss, providing strong guarantees for the stable operation of the nuclear fusion device.

[0130] The present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium.

[0131] In this embodiment, a computer program is stored on a computer-readable storage medium. When the computer program is executed by a processor, the above-mentioned quench energy release control method is implemented.

[0132] The present invention provides an electronic device.

[0133] In this embodiment, the electronic device may include a memory and a processor. The memory stores a computer program. When the computer program is executed by the processor, the above-mentioned quench energy release control method is implemented.

[0134] Figure 7 It is a structural block diagram of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0135] like Figure 7 As shown, electronic device 500 includes: a processor 501 and a memory 503. Processor 501 and memory 503 are connected, for example, via a bus 502. Optionally, electronic device 500 may further include a transceiver 504. It should be noted that in actual applications, the number of transceivers 504 is not limited to one, and the structure of electronic device 500 does not constitute a limitation on the embodiments of the present invention.

[0136] The processor 501 may be a CPU (Central Processing Unit), a general-purpose processor, a DSP (Digital Signal Processor), an ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit), an FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array), or other programmable logic devices, transistor logic devices, hardware components, or any combination thereof. It may implement or execute the various exemplary logic blocks, modules, and circuits described in conjunction with the present disclosure. The processor 501 may also be a combination that implements computing functions, such as a combination of one or more microprocessors, a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, and the like.

[0137] The bus 502 may include a path for transmitting information between the above components. The bus 502 may be a PCI (Peripheral Component Interconnect) bus or an EISA (Extended Industry Standard Architecture) bus. The bus 502 may be divided into an address bus, a data bus, a control bus, etc. For ease of representation, Figure 7 Only one thick line is used in the diagram, but this does not mean that there is only one bus or one type of bus.

[0138] The memory 503 is used to store a computer program corresponding to the quench energy release control method of the above embodiment of the present invention, and the computer program is controlled and executed by the processor 501. The processor 501 is used to execute the computer program stored in the memory 503 to implement the content shown in the above method embodiment. Figure 7 The electronic device 500 shown is merely an example and should not limit the functions and scope of use of the embodiments of the present invention.

[0139] The computer-readable storage medium and electronic device in the embodiments of the present invention, based on the above-mentioned quench energy discharge control method, quickly identify and quantitatively evaluate the severity of the superconducting magnet quench and trigger differentiated discharge actions, thereby extending the service life of the superconducting magnet while reducing energy loss, and providing strong guarantees for the stable operation of the nuclear fusion device.

[0140] It should be noted that the logic and / or steps represented in the flowcharts or otherwise described herein, for example, can be considered as a sequenced list of executable instructions for implementing the logical functions, and can be embodied in any computer-readable medium for use by an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device (such as a computer-based system, a system including a processor, or other system that can fetch and execute instructions from an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device), or in conjunction with such instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. For the purposes of this specification, a "computer-readable medium" can be any device that can contain, store, communicate, propagate, or transmit a program for use by an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device, or in conjunction with such instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. More specific examples (non-exhaustive list) of computer-readable media include the following: an electrical connection portion having one or more wires (electronic device), a portable computer disk cartridge (magnetic device), random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), erasable and programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), fiber optic devices, and portable compact disc read-only memory (CDROM). Furthermore, the computer-readable medium may even be paper or other suitable medium on which the program is printed, since the program may be obtained electronically, for example, by optically scanning the paper or other medium and then editing, interpreting or processing it in another suitable manner if necessary, and then storing it in a computer memory.

[0141] It should be understood that various parts of the present invention can be implemented using hardware, software, firmware, or a combination thereof. In the above-described embodiments, multiple steps or methods can be implemented using software or firmware stored in a memory and executed by a suitable instruction execution system. For example, if implemented using hardware, as in another embodiment, any one of the following technologies known in the art or a combination thereof can be used: a discrete logic circuit having a logic gate circuit for implementing a logic function on a data signal, an application-specific integrated circuit having a suitable combination of logic gate circuits, a programmable gate array (PGA), a field programmable gate array (FPGA), etc.

[0142] Throughout this specification, reference to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "examples," "specific examples," or "some examples" means that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in conjunction with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.

[0143] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential" and the like to indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0144] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of the technical features being referred to. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of the present invention, "plurality" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise specifically defined.

[0145] In the present invention, unless otherwise specified or limited, the terms "installed," "connected," "connect," "fixed," etc. should be understood in a broad sense. For example, they can refer to fixed connection, detachable connection, or integration; mechanical connection, electrical connection; direct connection, or indirect connection through an intermediate medium; internal communication between two components, or interaction between two components, unless otherwise specified. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention based on specific circumstances.

[0146] In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, when a first feature is "above" or "below" a second feature, it may mean that the first and second features are in direct contact, or that the first and second features are in indirect contact through an intermediary. Furthermore, when a first feature is "above," "above," or "above" a second feature, it may mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. When a first feature is "below," "below," or "below" a second feature, it may mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is at a lower level than the second feature.

[0147] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it will be understood that the above embodiments are illustrative and are not to be construed as limitations on the present invention. A person skilled in the art may change, modify, replace and modify the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for controlling quench energy dissipation of a high-temperature superconducting magnet for nuclear fusion, characterized in that: The method comprises: collecting multi-dimensional data of the high-temperature superconducting magnet, and calculating a quench severity factor based on the multi-dimensional data; When determining that the high temperature superconducting magnet is quenched according to the quench severity factor, grading the quench fault of the high temperature superconducting magnet according to the quench severity factor; Energy dissipation control is performed on the high-temperature superconducting magnet according to the quench fault level.

2. The quench energy dissipation control method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The collecting multi-dimensional data of the high-temperature superconducting magnet and calculating the quench severity factor based on the multi-dimensional data include: detecting multi-dimensional data of the high-temperature superconducting magnet and synchronously collecting the multi-dimensional data, wherein the multi-dimensional data includes at least one of temperature data, voltage data, stress data, and magnetic field data; Normalizing the multi-dimensional data after synchronous collection, and performing nonlinear weight processing on the normalized multi-dimensional data; The quench severity factor is calculated based on the processed multi-dimensional data.

3. The quench energy dissipation control method according to claim 2, characterized in that: Determining the high temperature superconducting magnet quench according to the quench severity factor includes: It is determined that the quench severity factors of a preset number of consecutive sampling periods are all greater than or equal to a first threshold.

4. The quench energy dissipation control method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The quench fault classification of the high temperature superconducting magnet according to the quench severity factor includes: calculating a derivative of the quench severity factor according to the quench severity factor; A quench fault level of the high temperature superconducting magnet is determined according to the quench severity factor and its derivative.

5. The quench energy dissipation control method according to claim 4, characterized in that: Determining the quench fault level of the high-temperature superconducting magnet according to the quench severity factor and its derivative includes: If the quench severity factor is greater than or equal to a second threshold value and the derivative is greater than or equal to 0, determining that the quench fault of the high-temperature superconducting magnet is a primary fault, wherein the second threshold value is greater than the first threshold value; If the quench severity factor is greater than or equal to the first threshold value, less than the second threshold value, and the derivative is greater than or equal to 0, or if the quench severity factor is greater than or equal to the second threshold value, and the derivative is less than 0, then the quench fault of the high temperature superconducting magnet is determined to be a secondary fault; If the quench severity factor is greater than or equal to the first threshold and less than the second threshold, and the derivative is less than 0, it is determined that the quench fault of the high temperature superconducting magnet is a level 3 fault.

6. The quench energy dissipation control method according to claim 5, characterized in that: The controlling the energy dissipation of the high temperature superconducting magnet according to the quench fault level includes: If the quench fault level is a level one fault, controlling a power system that provides power to the high-temperature superconducting magnet to turn off power, and controlling an energy dissipation circuit that dissipates energy from the high-temperature superconducting magnet to complete energy dissipation within a preset dissipation time; If the quench fault level is a level 2 fault, the power supply system is controlled to shut down the power supply, and the energy dissipation circuit is controlled to complete energy dissipation within a variable dissipation time; If the quench fault level is a level three fault, the power supply system is controlled to reduce current while the cryogenic system for cooling the high-temperature superconducting magnet is controlled to increase the flow rate of the cooling medium and / or reduce the temperature of the cooling medium.

7. The quench energy dissipation control method according to claim 6, characterized in that: The method further comprises: After controlling a cryogenic system for cooling the high-temperature superconducting magnet to increase a cooling medium flow rate and / or reduce a cooling medium temperature, if the quench severity factor is less than the first threshold, energy dissipation is terminated and the cooling medium flow rate of the cryogenic system is restored; if the quench severity factor is greater than or equal to the first threshold, the power supply system is controlled to shut down power, and the energy dissipation circuit is controlled to complete energy dissipation within a variable dissipation time.

8. A quench energy dissipation control device for a nuclear fusion high-temperature superconducting magnet, characterized in that: The device comprises: Data acquisition module, used to collect multi-dimensional data of high-temperature superconducting magnets; a data calculation module, configured to calculate a quench severity factor based on the multi-dimensional data; a grading decision module, configured to, when determining that the high-temperature superconducting magnet is quenched according to the quench severity factor, grade the quench fault of the high-temperature superconducting magnet according to the quench severity factor; The energy dissipation control module is used to control the energy dissipation of the high-temperature superconducting magnet according to the quench fault level.

9. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that: When the computer program is executed by a processor, the quench energy release control method according to any one of claims 1 to 7 is implemented.

10. An electronic device comprising a memory and a processor, wherein a computer program is stored in the memory, wherein: When the computer program is executed by the processor, the quench energy release control method according to any one of claims 1 to 7 is implemented.

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