Power battery safe charging security system

Abstract

A power battery safe charging security system is mainly composed of a current / voltage sensor, a control center, a power supply execution module and an alarm module, and a dynamic real-time monitoring and management control system for charging safety of a power battery is constructed. Wherein the current / voltage sensor is used for collecting and processing current / voltage change data of a battery in a charging state, and transmitting a detected current / voltage dynamic value signal to the control center; the control center comprises a storage module, a comparison module and a control module, the comparison module compares the received dynamic numerical value with a preset safety threshold value of the storage module to judge whether the battery is in a safe or abnormal state, and the control module outputs power-off and alarm signals to the power supply execution module and the alarm module at the same time in the abnormal state; when receiving a control center signal, the power supply execution module immediately cuts off a charging power supply of the battery, and the alarm module sends an alarm signal. The security system can dynamically monitor the charging process of the target battery in real time, and particularly provides a security protection method and guarantee measure for accurate control and effective management in an abnormal charging state for the target battery.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a power battery safe charging and security system, which involves the practical application of electronic information technology and automated control technologies. Using sensors, data acquisition circuits, microcontrollers, and other electronic components, the system collects and processes data such as current and voltage changes during battery charging. Furthermore, the system analyzes and determines the safe or abnormal state of the rechargeable battery based on preset rules and algorithms, cutting off the charging power supply and automatically issuing an alarm signal in the event of an abnormality. Background Art

[0002] Due to their compact size and convenience, electric bicycles are rapidly increasing in popularity among urban and rural residents across China. With the rapid development of the electric bicycle industry, they are becoming increasingly common, yet their quality varies widely. Fires caused by short circuits, overcharging, and battery failures, particularly battery safety issues, pose a serious threat to people's lives and property. According to the National Fire and Rescue Administration, a total of 21,000 electric bicycle fires were reported nationwide in 2023, posing a serious threat to people's safety and property.

[0003] Other electric vehicles (boats), drones, and other similar vehicles primarily use lithium-ion batteries. However, due to their high energy density, they are more susceptible to serious fire and explosion accidents than other existing batteries under abusive conditions such as heating, overcharging, and impact. During actual use, especially under high current conditions, lithium-ion batteries generate a large amount of heat, which may cause the battery pack to overheat or local temperature differences to be too large, affecting normal battery operation and, in severe cases, even causing battery combustion or explosion accidents. The Ministry of Emergency Management and the National Fire and Rescue Bureau have listed the charging management of electric bicycles as a major fire safety hazard and require local fire departments to actively supervise and control them. They have also issued specific management regulations for this purpose. These regulations aim to improve the safe use of battery charging and eliminate the safety risk of fire accidents caused by thermal runaway, combustion, and explosion.

[0004] In recent years, relevant scientific research institutions and fire protection professionals have conducted special research on the combustion and explosion characteristics of electric vehicle rechargeable batteries, based on relevant fire protection technical specifications and combined with the practice of electric vehicle charging station construction and management. They have put forward different opinions and published various research results on fire extinguishing control when rechargeable batteries burn and explode, which have been seen in journals, conference exchanges, and patents.

[0005] On October 13, 2023, a Chinese patent application, publication number CN116885310A, published a thermal runaway monitoring system for lithium-ion batteries in electric bicycles. This system utilizes a lithium-ion battery management system (BMS) to monitor parameters such as lithium-ion battery voltage, current, and temperature, while also adding pressure and smoke sensors within the battery pack. This system comprehensively identifies thermal runaway conditions based on battery voltage, current, temperature, pressure, and smoke concentration. Through multi-dimensional data analysis (e.g., voltage drops, abnormal current fluctuations, and temperature gradients), it enables early warning and proactive intervention (e.g., shutting off the charge and discharge circuit).

[0006] On January 10, 2025, a Chinese patent application, publication number CN119291535A, published a battery thermal runaway detection system with an early warning function. This system integrates data from multiple sensors, including voltage, current, temperature, and pressure, with a machine learning algorithm to establish a thermal runaway early warning model. It also sets current thresholds (such as micro-short circuit detection) and voltage sag thresholds in non-operating states to enable early detection of anomalies.

[0007] Both patents utilize multiple sensors to collect battery parameters such as voltage, current, temperature, pressure, and smoke during thermal runaway conditions, and then use multi-dimensional data analysis to determine if the battery is experiencing thermal runaway. The implementation of these patent applications requires the installation of relevant sensors within the battery pack to collect data. This requires pre-installation during the production of new power batteries, rather than retrofitting multiple sensors into the battery pack afterward, as this would create additional safety hazards. Therefore, these two patent applications represent novel designs for power batteries, but they are limited in their inability to monitor and control existing power batteries without a built-in BMS. These technical solutions still cannot address the current market situation of power batteries without a built-in BMS, particularly the majority of standard power batteries used in electric bicycles, which cannot be equipped with sensors within their sealed cells. Consequently, they cannot collect multiple dynamic battery parameters to comprehensively determine battery safety or abnormal conditions, and thus fail to achieve the goal of early anomaly identification, early warning, and intervention.

[0008] According to scientific research, if a power battery explodes or burns, the root cause is internal thermal runaway, manifested as a sharp rise in temperature, gas accumulation, increased pressure, and drastic changes in battery parameters such as voltage, current, temperature, pressure, and smoke. Current research indicates that the primary factors triggering thermal runaway in power batteries are overcharging, short circuiting, reverse polarity, as well as external sources of fire, squeezing, puncture, and environmental overheating. Numerous factors influence the safe charging of power batteries. While it is theoretically possible to comprehensively monitor and control all internal and external factors, achieving this is challenging and difficult with currently available technology. Summary of the Invention

[0009] Whether the power battery itself has a short circuit or other potential thermal runaway issue can be directly reflected through the changes in current and voltage during charging, as well as other data parameters. Therefore, preventing thermal runaway during charging requires effective monitoring and early control of the charging current and voltage—the key factors that cause abnormal increases in internal battery temperature and pressure.

[0010] Based on the above research and analysis, the technical solution of the present invention is to dynamically monitor the charging current and voltage of the power battery and provide anomaly warnings by installing corresponding sensors on the outside of the power battery. This, in turn, eliminates the potential safety hazard of thermal runaway by cutting off the power supply that could trigger thermal runaway, thereby ensuring the safe charging of the power battery. This security system, located between the power battery and the charging power source, functions to separate the power battery from the charging power source. The technical solution of the present invention can achieve the goal of providing charging safety assurance measures for all types of power batteries. It is applicable not only to lithium-ion batteries with a pre-installed BMS, but also to power batteries without a pre-installed BMS system, particularly the lead-acid batteries commonly used in electric bicycles, providing safe charging measures for these different types of power batteries. This is the foundation for the construction of the feasibility technical solution of the present invention.

[0011] The present invention relates to a power battery safe charging security system, the purpose of which is to provide a feasible safety protection technical solution that can relatively easily realize effective control of abnormal changes in rechargeable batteries. The system constructs a closed-loop management system, which is mainly composed of current / voltage sensors, a control center, a power supply execution module, and an alarm module. Among them, the control center includes a storage module, a comparison module, and a control module. The system can perform real-time dynamic monitoring of the charging process of the target battery and provide precise control and effective management measures when abnormal situations occur. For the organizational structure of the system, please refer to Figure 1 of the accompanying drawings of the specification, the internal sensors of the security system, and the module connection block diagram.

[0012] In this system, current / voltage sensors collect and process data on the current / voltage changes of the power battery during charging, transmitting the detected dynamic current / voltage values to a control center. The control center comprises a storage module, a comparison module, and a control module. The comparison module compares the received dynamic values with the safety thresholds preset in the storage module to determine whether the target battery is in a safe or abnormal state. In an abnormal state, the control module simultaneously outputs power-off and alarm signals to the power execution module and the alarm module. Upon receiving the signal from the control center, the power execution module immediately cuts off the battery's charging power, and the alarm module issues an alarm signal. This effectively eliminates the key factors that cause thermal runaway in the battery, preventing its occurrence and promptly alerting managers or users for early intervention.

[0013] The power battery safe charging security system has a working power supply for the system and a power battery charging power supply that is the same power supply, which is used to provide working power for sensors, a control center, a power supply execution module, an alarm module, etc.

[0014] To achieve the objective effect of the present invention, the workflow includes the following steps: connecting a current / voltage sensor to a battery charging circuit to ensure effective real-time dynamic detection of the current / voltage values during battery charging; Step 2: During the charging process, the current / voltage sensor continuously transmits the detected current / voltage corresponding dynamic numerical value information to the control center; Step 3: The comparison module of the control center compares the current / voltage safety threshold preset in the storage module with the corresponding dynamic value of the current / voltage detected in real time to determine whether the rechargeable battery is in a safe or abnormal state; Step 4: When the control center determines that the battery is in a safe state, it continues dynamic monitoring; when the control center determines that the battery has an abnormal change, it outputs a power-off and alarm signal to the power supply execution module and the alarm module through the control module; Step 5: Upon receiving the signal from the control center, the power supply execution module immediately cuts off the battery charging power supply and the alarm module sends an alarm signal, thereby promptly reminding the management staff or users to intervene and manage the situation.

[0015] For the above workflow steps, please refer to Figure 2 of the accompanying drawings of the specification, which is a flowchart of the working principle of the security system.

[0016] If a power battery in charging enters an abnormal state, the protection system will actively cut off its charging power supply, completely eliminating the key factors that cause the battery temperature and pressure to rise, thereby avoiding the increase in internal battery temperature and pressure, and further preventing the occurrence of battery explosion accidents.

[0017] In charging places where electric bicycles are concentrated, address code feedback can be added to the protection system to remind managers to carry out timely maintenance on problematic batteries.

[0018] In summary, the power battery safe charging security system described above is located between the power battery and the charging power source, and has the functions of separating the power battery and the charging power source and switching between charging and power off.

[0019] According to the above-mentioned power battery safe charging and security system, the current / voltage sensor may be a sensor for current or voltage, or two sensors for detecting current and voltage respectively.

[0020] According to the above-mentioned power battery safe charging security system, its control center can be a computer chip with a preset safety threshold and numerical comparison operation, or it can be an integrated circuit based on the dynamic electrical variable value corresponding to the current / voltage sensor.

[0021] According to the power battery safe charging security system described above, when the dynamic value of the current / voltage is outside its preset safety threshold range, it indicates that an abnormal change has occurred inside the rechargeable battery, and the comparison module outputs a warning signal to the control module through the control center; when the dynamic value of the current / voltage is within its safety threshold range, the control center does not output a warning signal, and the rechargeable battery is always under the uninterrupted dynamic monitoring and warning control of the system.

[0022] In addition, based on the power battery safety charging security system described above, the early warning signal output by its control center can be output in a variety of ways. It can not only be used for on-site sound, light, and information display, but also be transmitted to the fire control center for network monitoring. In particular, in the event of a fire in an electric bicycle, the corresponding fire extinguishing equipment in the charging area can be immediately activated to quickly extinguish and control the scope of the fire.

[0023] The power battery safe charging security system described above can perform real-time dynamic monitoring of the target power battery charging process, and in particular provides a safety protection method and guarantee measure for the target battery to accurately control and effectively manage abnormal charging conditions.

[0024] If this power battery safe charging security system can be widely promoted and applied, then whether it is lithium-ion batteries prone to thermal runaway or lead-acid batteries commonly used in electric bicycles, once an abnormality occurs during charging, by cutting off the charging power supply, the occurrence of thermal runaway problems such as short circuits and overcharging within the battery can be basically controlled, allowing for timely and effective control and intervention. This invention will fundamentally eliminate the safety hazards that exist in various types of battery charging, thus completely eliminating the explosion accidents caused by them in the bud. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 FIG1 is a block diagram of the internal sensors and modules of the security system of the present invention; FIG2 is a flow chart of the working principle of the security system of the present invention.

Claims

1. A power battery safety charging security system, characterized by The system consists of current / voltage sensors, a control center, a power supply execution module, and an alarm module, building a dynamic real-time monitoring and management control system for the charging safety of power batteries.

2. The power battery safety charging security system according to claim 1 is characterized in that The current / voltage sensor of the system adopts a high-precision sensor to collect and process the current / voltage change data of the battery under charging state, and transmit the detected current / voltage dynamic numerical value signal to the control center.

3. The power battery safety charging security system according to claim 1 is characterized in that The control center of the system includes a storage module, a comparison module and a control module. After receiving the dynamic numerical signal transmitted by the current / voltage sensor, the comparison module compares the dynamic numerical value with the safety threshold preset by the storage module, and then determines whether the rechargeable battery is in a safe or abnormal state. In the abnormal state, the control module simultaneously outputs power-off and alarm signals to the power supply execution module and the alarm module.

4. The power battery safety charging security system according to claim 1 is characterized in that Upon receiving the power-off and alarm signals transmitted by the control center, the power supply execution module immediately cuts off the battery charging power supply and the alarm module immediately sends out an alarm signal.

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