Simplified efficient cultivation method for facility figs

Abstract

The invention provides a simplified efficient cultivation method for facility figs. The method for preparing the biochar comprises the following steps that S1, corn straw is rubbed into shreds and cut into short shreds through a pulverizer, orange residues are pulverized, and then the corn straw and the orange residues are mixed to prepare a solid material; and S2, respectively fermenting azotobacter chroococcum and eurotium scherweri to prepare seed solutions, inoculating the seed solutions to the solid material for solid culture, and pyrolyzing the dried fermentation product to prepare the biochar. The simplified and efficient facility fig cultivation method comprises the steps of site selection planning, facility building, soil improvement and field planting and growth management. The prepared biochar is applied to fig cultivation soil, the fertility of the soil is remarkably improved, the use amount of chemical fertilizer is reduced, meanwhile, the treatment cost of agricultural waste is reduced, high-quality, high-yield and low-consumption production of figs is achieved, the economic benefits of fruit farmers are guaranteed, and sustainable development of the local fig industry is promoted.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural planting, and in particular relates to a light, simplified and efficient cultivation method for facility figs. Background Art

[0002] The Atushi region of Kezhou, located in Xinjiang, my country, boasts unique climatic conditions. With abundant sunshine, reaching over 3,000 hours annually, it provides abundant light energy for fig growth, promoting photosynthesis and sugar accumulation. However, the climate is characterized by a distinct continental climate, with diurnal temperature fluctuations often exceeding 15°C. While this enhances the fruit's flavor, it also places significant environmental stress on the plants. Spring temperatures rise erratically, with frequent late spring frosts and temperatures often plummeting below freezing. This causes severe frost damage to the newly sprouted buds and shoots of figs, hindering early plant development and impacting annual yield. During summer's high temperatures, afternoon temperatures often exceed 35°C, coupled with prolonged periods of intense direct sunlight, which can easily cause sunburn on fig fruit. This burn marks the surface of the fruit, not only diminishing its appearance and value, but also increasing its vulnerability to pathogens, leading to rot and deterioration. Early frosts in autumn also arrive prematurely, hindering the fruit's late growth, preventing it from fully ripening. Sugar content and weight remain below standard, reducing both quality and yield. The Atushi region is dominated by sandy soils. While their good air permeability facilitates root respiration, their poor water retention leads to rapid water loss. Maintaining moisture for extended periods after irrigation is difficult, necessitating frequent watering during the fig's peak growth period. Furthermore, the soil is low in nutrients, lacking macronutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, as well as trace elements like iron and zinc. This results in slow plant growth, yellowing and thinning of leaves, and nutrient deficiency symptoms, hindering photosynthesis and flowering and fruiting. Traditional open-air fig cultivation faces numerous challenges in this environment. On the one hand, coping with extreme weather conditions requires significant manpower and material resources. For example, during late spring cold spells, simple windbreaks and straw mats must be urgently constructed, which is labor-intensive and provides limited protection. On the other hand, field management is extensive, with watering based on experience, which can lead to uneven irrigation, with some areas experiencing drought and others experiencing waterlogging. Fertilization also lacks precision, often resulting in fertilizer waste and root burn. Pest control relies on chemical pesticides, and their frequent use leads to increased pest resistance and pathogen mutations, making prevention and control increasingly difficult. Furthermore, the fields are contaminated with both fruit and the environment, which is inconsistent with the development of green agriculture. With the rise of greenhouse agriculture, some regions have attempted to apply it to fig cultivation, but these efforts often replicated existing practices rather than fully embracing the specific conditions of Atushi. For example, some greenhouse structures were ill-suited to the local climate, with poor ventilation and heat dissipation. Summers were hot and humid, creating a breeding ground for pests and diseases. Insufficient insulation led to rapid heat loss in winter, requiring significant energy to maintain temperature and increasing production costs. Cultivation techniques were not optimized to address local soil improvement and precise water and fertilizer management, failing to fully exploit the advantages of greenhouse cultivation. This limited improvements in fig yield and quality, making efficient production difficult. Summary of the Invention

[0003] Technical problems to be solved: In response to the above technical problems, the present invention proposes a simplified and efficient cultivation method for facility figs. A biochar is prepared and applied to the simplified and efficient cultivation method for facility figs. The preparation method of biochar is as follows: corn stalks are shredded and cut into short pieces by a crusher, orange residues are crushed and sieved, and solid materials are prepared by mixing in a certain proportion. Then, the round brown nitrogen-fixing bacteria and the shevarium are fermented to prepare seed liquid respectively. The cultured seed liquid is inoculated into the solid material and stirred evenly, and then water is added for constant temperature solid-state culture. The fermentation product is dried and pyrolyzed to prepare biochar. The simplified and efficient cultivation method for facility figs includes site selection planning, facility construction, soil improvement and planting, and growth management. The biochar composite material prepared by the present invention is applied to the simplified and efficient cultivation method for facility figs, which significantly improves the fertility of the soil, reduces the amount of chemical fertilizers, and at the same time reduces the cost of agricultural waste treatment, reduces production costs, and realizes high-quality, high-yield, and low-consumption production of figs.

[0004] Technical solution: A simplified and efficient cultivation method for greenhouse figs comprises the following steps: S1. Site Selection: After field surveys and comparisons of multiple areas in the Atushi region, we selected a site with open, flat terrain, an altitude between 1,200 and 1,500 meters, a slope of less than 3°, good drainage, a low groundwater level, at least 10 hours of sunlight per day, and close proximity to a clean water source with convenient transportation. S2. Facility Construction: Design and construct an arched, circular, hot-dip galvanized steel-framed plastic greenhouse with a precisely controlled span of 8-10 meters, a ridge height of 3.5-4.5 meters, and a length of 60-80 meters, oriented north-south. Use high-quality PO film as the film material, with an initial light transmittance of no less than 85%. During low winter temperatures, add a 3-5 cm insulation blanket over the film. Ventilation holes are evenly distributed longitudinally along the top of the greenhouse, spaced 3-4 meters apart. Each vent has an area of 0.3-0.5 square meters. Each vent is equipped with a 40-60 mesh insect screen to effectively prevent pests from entering the greenhouse. Ventilation strips with a width of 0.8-1.2 meters are installed on both sides of the greenhouse bottom. Main pipes, branch pipes, and drip irrigation lines are laid based on the spacing between planting rows, with drip irrigation lines spaced 0.3-0.5 meters apart. The diameter of the main pipe is 50-75 mm, the branch pipe is 32-40 mm, and the drip irrigation line is 14-16 mm. Pipeline joints must be securely sealed. Filters, fertilizer tanks, and other equipment must be installed. S3. Soil Improvement and Planting: Deeply plow the land using a large rotary tiller 2-3 times to a depth of 40-50 cm. Evenly apply biochar, decomposed organic fertilizer, superphosphate, and potassium sulfate per acre to adjust the soil pH to 6.5-7.5. S4. According to the predetermined spacing of (2-2.5) meters × (3-3.5) meters, dig a planting hole 60-80 cm deep and 50-60 cm in diameter, fill the bottom of the planting hole with part of the topsoil and organic fertilizer mixture, stretch the roots of the fig seedlings into the hole, straighten it and fill it with soil. When the soil is half filled, lift the seedlings lightly so that the roots are in close contact with the soil, continue filling and compacting it in layers, and finally water it enough to set the roots. The amount of water per plant is not less than 15-20 kg. After planting, water it enough to set the roots in time, build a temporary small arch shed with a height of 0.5-0.8 meters and a span of 1-1.2 meters, cover it with plastic film, keep it warm and moisturize it, and promote the rooting and germination of the seedlings. Remove the shed after 7-10 days; S5. Growth management: In mid-April, when the plant grows to 60-80 cm in height, the trunk is fixed at a height of 40-50 cm. The top shoots are removed and 3-5 main branches are selected for cultivation. In May and June, the main branches are pulled and tied. In July and August, during the summer growth period, weekly inspections are carried out. When the new shoots grow to 30-40 cm, the top 5-10 cm shoots are removed. In December to January of the following year, during the winter dormancy period, branches are fully thinned and pruned to adjust the crown structure. Temperature and humidity are monitored regularly every day according to different growth stages, and regulated by opening and closing vents, covering with insulation blankets, and using shade nets. During the budding period, the daytime temperature is maintained at 15-20℃ and 5-10℃ at night. Use insulation blankets and open and close vents to ensure a stable temperature and promote uniform budding of plants. The relative humidity in the greenhouse is controlled at 70-80% to facilitate budding growth. This can be achieved through timely spraying for moisture or ventilation and dehumidification. During the flowering period, the daytime temperature is raised to 20-25℃ and the nighttime temperature is 10-15℃ to create suitable conditions for pollination and fertilization. Avoid excessively high or low temperatures that cause flowers and fruits to drop. The humidity is reduced to 60-70% to reduce the growth of pathogens and avoid the occurrence of blossom rot. Use ventilation and dehumidification equipment for precise control. During the fruit expansion period, maintain 25-30℃ during the day and 15-20℃ at night to accelerate the growth of fruits and improve the quality of fruits. Maintain relative humidity at 50-60%; appropriately increase the frequency of irrigation, combine drip irrigation with topdressing of water-soluble fertilizers, and prevent and control pests and diseases; set up a disinfection pool at the entrance of the greenhouse with built-in disinfectant to disinfect the soles of people entering and farm tools to prevent the introduction of pathogens; install an ultraviolet insecticide lamp every 10-15 meters inside the greenhouse to lure and kill adult insects by the insect's phototaxis; use physical, chemical, and biological control to control pests and diseases, and hang yellow and blue boards, with the number of hanging boards per acre being respectively 2. The plots are 30-40 sheets and 20-30 sheets, 1-1.5 meters above the ground, to trap small pests such as aphids and thrips. Silver reflective film is laid on the ground in the garden to use reflection to repel aphids and reduce the insect population density. The natural enemy of pests, ladybugs, is actively introduced to control aphids, with 1000-2000 per mu. Beneficial microbial agents are sprayed regularly to inhibit the growth of pathogens in the soil and on the surface of plants, and sprayed once every 10-15 days. At the early stage of pests and diseases, through accurate diagnosis, high-efficiency, low-toxicity, low-residue chemical pesticides are selected, and the prescribed dosage, dilution multiple, and safe interval are strictly followed. Figure 1-4 shown. Furthermore, in step S3, the application amounts of biochar, decomposed organic fertilizer, superphosphate, and potassium sulfate are 1300-1600 kg / mu, 4000-5000 kg / mu, 50-80 kg / mu, and potassium sulfate is 30-40 kg / mu, respectively. Furthermore, the method for preparing biochar in step S3 comprises the following steps: S31. The corn stalks were cut into 1-3cm pieces by a grinder, and the orange residue was crushed through a 40-60 mesh sieve, and then the corn stalks and orange residue were mixed in a certain proportion to prepare a solid material; S32. Activate Azotobacter rotundifolia and Eurotium shevarium according to conventional culture medium to prepare seed liquid, inoculate the cultured seed liquid into solid materials at an inoculation rate of 4%-5%, stir evenly, add water, spread the mixture, and culture it at a constant temperature of 30-35℃ in the solid state, ventilate it twice a day, and after fermentation, dry it at 60-65℃ to constant weight. The dried fermentation product is pyrolyzed to prepare biochar. Furthermore, in step S31, the mass ratio of corn stalks to orange pomace is (1-5):1. Furthermore, the concentration of the seed solution of round brown nitrogen-fixing bacteria in step S32 is 1×10 8 -2×10 8 CFU / mL, the seed solution concentration of Eurotium shevarium was 8×10 7 -9×10 7 CFU / mL. Furthermore, the pyrolysis conditions in step S32 are: a final pyrolysis temperature of 400-450°C and a heating rate of 8-12°C / min. Furthermore, in step S4, the fig seedlings are root pruned and disinfected 1-2 days in advance and soaked in a rooting powder solution for 3-5 hours. Furthermore, in step S5, the measures for irrigation and topdressing water-soluble fertilizers at different growth stages are as follows: in the budding stage, irrigation is performed every 3-5 days, and 10-15 kg of urea is applied per mu; in the flowering stage, irrigation is performed every 7-10 days, and 5-10 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate is applied per mu; in the fruit expansion stage, soil moisture is monitored every day, and irrigation is performed when water is scarce, and 20-30 kg of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer and 0.5-1 kg of borax are applied per mu, and the amount of irrigation each time is controlled at 15-20 m 3 / mu. Beneficial effects: 1. The arched circular steel frame plastic greenhouse of the present invention is equipped with a PO film and a thermal insulation blanket to form an effective thermal insulation layer in winter. When the outside temperature drops sharply, the temperature inside the greenhouse can be maintained above the low temperature threshold that the fig can tolerate, ensuring that the plants can safely overwinter and not be interrupted by frost damage, thus ensuring the basis for next year's production. In the summer when the temperature is high and the light is strong, the ventilation system and the sunshade net play a role. The top vents and the bottom ventilation belts accelerate air exchange to take away heat, and the sunshade net weakens the strong light to prevent the fruit from being sunburned, maintaining the normal appearance and quality of the fruit, reducing the rate of defective fruit, and ensuring a stable output of high-quality fruit. Deep plowing of the soil combined with the application of organic fertilizers and chemical fertilizers can break the soil compaction. The loose structure is conducive to the penetration and rooting of the fig root system, and the root system growth is not hindered. It can contact and absorb nutrients over a large area, providing power for the vigorous growth of the plant, accurately adjusting the soil pH to an appropriate range, and maximizing the effectiveness of nutrients in the soil. Drip irrigation is combined with water-soluble fertilizers to achieve water and fertilizer integration. Compared with traditional flooding fertilization, water utilization efficiency is improved, fertilizer waste is reduced, and the precise supply of nutrients has led to a significant increase in fig fruit yield. 2. The present invention uses Azotobacter spp. and Eurotium spp. to treat corn stalks and orange pomace, and prepares biochar from the fermentation products. During the fermentation process, Azotobacter spp. and Eurotium spp. convert the carbon source in the orange pomace and corn stalks into bacterial protein and nitrogen-containing metabolites, while fixing nitrogen in the air into ammonium nitrogen, thereby increasing the total nitrogen content in the biochar and stably existing in the form of organic nitrogen, which can be slowly released for absorption by figs. Azotobacter spp. and Eurotium spp. ferment the difficult-to-decompose cellulose in the straw into microbial metabolites, which generate more oxygen-containing functional groups after pyrolysis. The clusters and microporous structure of biochar increase the cation exchange capacity and enhance the adsorption capacity of nutrients. During the fermentation process, microorganisms degrade lignocellulose, increase the specific surface area of biochar, form more mesopores, and enhance the capillary adsorption capacity of water, thereby increasing the water holding capacity of the soil. Part of the carbon in the fermented biochar exists in the form of small carboxylic acid molecules, which can take into account carbon sequestration and short-term soil carbon pool replenishment. During the fermentation process, the metabolic products of round brown nitrogen-fixing bacteria and Shewanella schrenkiana are partially retained in the biochar, which can stimulate the fig roots to secrete organic acids and promote the colonization of probiotics in the soil. 3. The present invention uses round brown nitrogen-fixing bacteria and Eurotium shevardii to treat corn stalks and orange pomace, and uses the fermentation products to prepare biochar. The prepared biochar is applied to a simplified and efficient cultivation method for facility figs. Corn stalks and orange pomace are rich in organic matter such as cellulose, hemicellulose and pectin. The biochar formed after fermentation can significantly increase the content of soil organic matter and enhance the soil's water and fertilizer retention capacity; the porous structure of biochar improves soil aeration and water permeability, alleviating the common soil compaction problem in facility cultivation; the use of cheap raw materials to prepare biochar reduces the soil cost of fig cultivation. The results show that biochar can reduce the cost of soil improvement; biochar absorbs nutrients (such as phosphorus, potassium and trace elements) in fermentation products and slowly releases them for plant absorption, reducing nutrient loss; the alkaline properties of biochar can adjust the pH of acidic soil and reduce the effectiveness of heavy metals; its adsorption capacity can also reduce the stress of salinization on the roots of figs; the application of biochar in fig cultivation can significantly improve soil fertility, reduce the use of chemical fertilizers, and at the same time reduce the cost of agricultural waste treatment, thereby achieving high-quality, high-yield and low-consumption production of figs, ensuring the economic benefits of fruit farmers, and promoting the sustainable development of the local fig industry. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Figure 1 This is a photo of the fig cultivation preparation period of Example 8; Figure 2 This is a photo of the fig during its growth period in Example 8; Figure 3 This is a photo of the fig in the fruiting period of Example 8; Figure 4 This is a photo of the harvested figs of Example 8. DETAILED DESCRIPTION The present invention proposes a simplified and efficient cultivation method for greenhouse figs. To make the objectives, technical solutions, and effects of the present invention more clear and explicit, the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the following examples. It should be understood that the specific examples described herein are only intended to illustrate the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Example 1 The method for preparing biochar, in parts by weight, comprises the following steps: S1. The corn stalks were cut into 2 cm pieces by a grinder, the orange residue was crushed through a 50-mesh sieve, and then 1 part of corn stalks and 1 part of orange residue were mixed in a certain proportion to prepare a solid material; S2. Activate Azotobacter rotundus and Eurotium shevardii using conventional culture medium to prepare seed solutions. The concentration of Azotobacter rotundus seed solution is 1×10 8 CFU / mL, the seed solution concentration of Eurotium shevarium was 8×10 7CFU / mL, the cultured seed liquid was inoculated into the solid material at an inoculum size of 4%, stirred evenly, and water was added. The mixture was spread and cultured at a constant temperature of 30°C in the solid state. Ventilation was performed twice a day. After the fermentation was completed, the mixture was dried at 65°C to constant weight. The dried fermentation product was pyrolyzed to prepare biochar. The final pyrolysis temperature was 400°C and the heating rate was 10°C / min. Example 2 The method for preparing biochar, in parts by weight, comprises the following steps: S1. The corn stalks were cut into 2 cm pieces by a grinder, the orange residue was crushed through a 50-mesh sieve, and then 2 parts of corn stalks and 1 part of orange residue were mixed in a certain proportion to prepare a solid material; S2. Activate Azotobacter rotundus and Eurotium shevardii using conventional culture medium to prepare seed solutions. The concentration of Azotobacter rotundus seed solution is 1×10 8 CFU / mL, the seed solution concentration of Eurotium shevarium was 8×10 7 CFU / mL, the cultured seed liquid was inoculated into the solid material at an inoculum size of 4%, stirred evenly, and water was added. The mixture was spread and cultured at a constant temperature of 30°C in the solid state. Ventilation was performed twice a day. After the fermentation was completed, the mixture was dried at 65°C to constant weight. The dried fermentation product was pyrolyzed to prepare biochar. The final pyrolysis temperature was 400°C and the heating rate was 10°C / min. Example 3 The method for preparing biochar, in parts by weight, comprises the following steps: S1. The corn stalks were shredded with a grinder to 2 cm, the orange residue was crushed through a 50-mesh sieve, and then 3 parts of corn stalks and 1 part of orange residue were mixed in a certain proportion to prepare a solid material; S2. Activate Azotobacter rotundus and Eurotium shevardii using conventional culture medium to prepare seed solutions. The concentration of Azotobacter rotundus seed solution is 1×10 8 CFU / mL, the seed solution concentration of Eurotium shevarium was 8×10 7 CFU / mL, the cultured seed liquid was inoculated into the solid material at an inoculum size of 4%, stirred evenly, and water was added. The mixture was spread and cultured at a constant temperature of 30°C in the solid state. Ventilation was performed twice a day. After the fermentation was completed, the mixture was dried at 65°C to constant weight. The dried fermentation product was pyrolyzed to prepare biochar. The final pyrolysis temperature was 400°C and the heating rate was 10°C / min. Example 4 The method for preparing biochar, in parts by weight, comprises the following steps: S1. The corn stalks were cut into 2 cm pieces by a grinder, the orange residue was crushed through a 50-mesh sieve, and then 4 parts of corn stalks and 1 part of orange residue were mixed in a certain proportion to prepare a solid material; S2. Activate Azotobacter rotundus and Eurotium shevardii using conventional culture medium to prepare seed solutions. The concentration of Azotobacter rotundus seed solution is 1×10 8 CFU / mL, the seed solution concentration of Eurotium shevarium was 8×10 7 CFU / mL, the cultured seed liquid was inoculated into the solid material at an inoculum size of 4%, stirred evenly, and water was added. The mixture was spread and cultured at a constant temperature of 30°C in the solid state. Ventilation was performed twice a day. After the fermentation was completed, the mixture was dried at 65°C to constant weight. The dried fermentation product was pyrolyzed to prepare biochar. The final pyrolysis temperature was 400°C and the heating rate was 10°C / min. Example 5 The method for preparing biochar, in parts by weight, comprises the following steps: S1. The corn stalks were cut into 2 cm pieces by a grinder, and the orange residue was crushed through a 50-mesh sieve. Then 5 parts of corn stalks and 1 part of orange residue were mixed in a certain proportion to prepare a solid material; S2. Activate Azotobacter rotundus and Eurotium shevardii using conventional culture medium to prepare seed solutions. The concentration of Azotobacter rotundus seed solution is 1×10 8 CFU / mL, the seed solution concentration of Eurotium shevarium was 8×10 7 CFU / mL, the cultured seed liquid was inoculated into the solid material at an inoculum size of 4%, stirred evenly, and water was added. The mixture was spread and cultured at a constant temperature of 30°C in the solid state. Ventilation was performed twice a day. After the fermentation was completed, the mixture was dried at 65°C to constant weight. The dried fermentation product was pyrolyzed to prepare biochar. The final pyrolysis temperature was 400°C and the heating rate was 10°C / min. Comparative Example 1 The difference between this comparative example and Example 3 is that no corn straw is added. The method for preparing biochar, in parts by weight, comprises the following steps: S1. The orange pulp was crushed through a 50-mesh sieve to prepare a solid material; S2. Activate Azotobacter rotundus and Eurotium shevardii using conventional culture medium to prepare seed solutions. The concentration of Azotobacter rotundus seed solution is 1×10 8 CFU / mL, the seed solution concentration of Eurotium shevarium was 8×10 7 CFU / mL, the cultured seed liquid was inoculated into the solid material at an inoculum size of 4%, stirred evenly, and water was added. The mixture was spread and cultured at a constant temperature of 30°C in the solid state. Ventilation was performed twice a day. After the fermentation was completed, the mixture was dried at 65°C to constant weight. The dried fermentation product was pyrolyzed to prepare biochar. The final pyrolysis temperature was 400°C and the heating rate was 10°C / min. Comparative Example 2 The difference between this comparative example and Example 3 is that no orange pulp is added. The method for preparing biochar, in parts by weight, comprises the following steps: S1. The corn stalks were shredded and cut into 2 cm pieces using a grinder to prepare a solid material; S2. Activate Azotobacter rotundus and Eurotium shevardii using conventional culture medium to prepare seed solutions. The concentration of Azotobacter rotundus seed solution is 1×10 8 CFU / mL, the seed solution concentration of Eurotium shevarium was 8×10 7 CFU / mL, the cultured seed liquid was inoculated into the solid material at an inoculum size of 4%, stirred evenly, and water was added. The mixture was spread and cultured at a constant temperature of 30°C in the solid state. Ventilation was performed twice a day. After the fermentation was completed, the mixture was dried at 65°C to constant weight. The dried fermentation product was pyrolyzed to prepare biochar. The final pyrolysis temperature was 400°C and the heating rate was 10°C / min. Comparative Example 3 The difference between this comparative example and Example 3 is that the corn stalks and orange pomace were not fermented with the seed solution of Azotobacter spp. The method for preparing biochar, in parts by weight, comprises the following steps: S1. The corn stalks were shredded with a grinder to 2 cm, the orange residue was crushed through a 50-mesh sieve, and then 3 parts of corn stalks and 1 part of orange residue were mixed in a certain proportion to prepare a solid material; S2. Activate the Shewanella spp. in conventional culture medium to prepare seed solution. The concentration of the Shewanella spp. seed solution is 8×10 7 CFU / mL, the cultured seed liquid was inoculated into the solid material at an inoculum size of 4%, stirred evenly, and water was added. The mixture was spread and cultured at a constant temperature of 30°C in the solid state. Ventilation was performed twice a day. After the fermentation was completed, the mixture was dried at 65°C to constant weight. The dried fermentation product was pyrolyzed to prepare biochar. The final pyrolysis temperature was 400°C and the heating rate was 10°C / min. Comparative Example 4 The difference between this comparative example and Example 3 is that the corn stalks and orange pomace were not fermented with Eurotium shevarium seed liquid. The method for preparing biochar, in parts by weight, comprises the following steps: S1. The corn stalks were shredded with a grinder to 2 cm, the orange residue was crushed through a 50-mesh sieve, and then 3 parts of corn stalks and 1 part of orange residue were mixed in a certain proportion to prepare a solid material; S2. Activate the round brown nitrogen-fixing bacteria according to conventional culture medium to prepare seed solution. The concentration of the round brown nitrogen-fixing bacteria seed solution is 1×10 8CFU / mL, the cultured seed liquid was inoculated into the solid material at an inoculum size of 4%, stirred evenly, and water was added. The mixture was spread and cultured at a constant temperature of 30°C in the solid state. Ventilation was performed twice a day. After the fermentation was completed, the mixture was dried at 65°C to constant weight. The dried fermentation product was pyrolyzed to prepare biochar. The final pyrolysis temperature was 400°C and the heating rate was 10°C / min. Performance Testing (1) Specific surface area and average pore size The total specific surface area and pore volume were calculated using the BET method. (2) N content The nitrogen content in biochar was analyzed by elemental analyzer. Table 1 Specific surface area and pore volume of Examples 1-5 and Comparative Examples 1-3 sample <![CDATA[Specific surface area / (m 2 / g)]]> <![CDATA[Pore volume (cm 3 / g)]]> N content (%) Example 1 80.62 0.09 0.84 Example 2 78.84 0.11 0.87 Example 3 74.93 0.12 0.91 Example 4 81.95 0.08 0.80 Example 5 82.78 0.06 0.76 Comparative Example 1 86.86 0.04 0.67 Comparative Example 2 85.97 0.05 0.72 Comparative Example 3 89.01 0.02 0.56 Comparative Example 4 88.67 0.03 0.62 As can be seen from Table 1, Example 3 has the smallest specific surface area, the largest pore volume, and the highest N content. This may be because easily decomposable components such as cellulose and hemicellulose are degraded in large quantities, and the proportion of remaining lignin and difficult-to-decompose components increases. Lignin tends to form a dense aromatic structure during pyrolysis, and releases less volatile matter, resulting in reduced micropore generation and thus a decrease in specific surface area. The pores generated by pyrolysis of lignin are mostly mesopores or macropores, which contribute greatly to the pore volume, but have a low specific surface area per unit volume, thereby increasing the pore volume. When round brown nitrogen-fixing bacteria and Shewanella schrenkiana ferment corn straw and orange residue, they assimilate part of the nitrogen into their own biomass. Part of this nitrogen is retained in the biochar during pyrolysis, thereby increasing the N content. Example 6 A simplified and efficient cultivation method for greenhouse figs comprises the following steps: S1. Site Selection and Planning: After field surveys and comparisons of multiple areas in the Atushi region, we selected a plot with open, flat terrain, an altitude of 1,200 meters, good drainage, and a low groundwater level. The plot should have 10 hours of sunlight per day, be close to a clean water source, and have convenient transportation. S2. Facility Construction: We designed and constructed an arched, circular, hot-dip galvanized steel-framed plastic greenhouse with a precise span of 8 meters, a ridge height of 3.5 meters, and a length of 60 meters. The greenhouse is laid out in a north-south orientation, and high-quality PO film is used as the film material. During the low-temperature winter months, a layer of plastic film is placed above the film. Cover with a 3 cm insulation blanket, open ventilation holes evenly along the longitudinal direction of the top of the greenhouse, with a spacing of 3 meters between them and an area of 0.3 square meters for each ventilation hole. The ventilation holes are equipped with 40-mesh insect-proof nets to effectively prevent external pests from entering the greenhouse. Ventilation belts are set on both sides of the bottom of the greenhouse with a ventilation belt width of 0.8 meters. According to the spacing between planting rows, main pipes, branch pipes and drip irrigation pipes are laid. The spacing between drip irrigation pipes is 0.3 meters. The diameter of the main pipe is 50 mm, the branch pipe is 32 mm, and the drip irrigation pipe is 14 mm. The pipe joints are firmly sealed and filters, fertilizer tanks and other equipment are installed. S3. Soil improvement and planting: The plots were deep plowed and plowed three times using a large rotary tiller to a depth of 40 cm. The biochar prepared in Example 1, decomposed organic fertilizer, superphosphate, and potassium sulfate were evenly applied at a rate of 1600 kg / mu, 4000 kg / mu, 50 kg / mu, and 30 kg / mu, respectively, to adjust the soil pH to 6.5. S4. According to the predetermined plant spacing of 2 meters × 3 meters, dig planting holes with a depth of 60 cm and a diameter of 50 cm, fill the bottom of the planting hole with part of the topsoil and organic fertilizer mixture, trim and disinfect the roots of the fig seedlings one day in advance, soak them in rooting powder solution for 3 hours, stretch the roots of the fig seedlings into the hole, straighten them and fill them with soil, lift the seedlings lightly when the soil is half filled to make the roots in close contact with the soil, continue to fill the soil and tamp it down layer by layer, and finally water them enough for rooting. The amount of water for each plant is 16 kg. Water them enough for rooting in time after planting, build a temporary small arch shed with a height of 0.5 meters and a span of 1 meter, cover it with plastic film, keep it warm and moist, and promote the rooting and germination of the seedlings, and remove the shed after 7 days. S5. Growth management: In mid-April, when the plant grows to 60 cm in height, it is fixed to a height of 40 cm. The top shoots are removed and 3 main branches are selected for cultivation. In May and June, the main branches are pulled and tied. In July and August, during the summer growth period, weekly inspections are carried out. When the new shoots grow to 30 cm, the top 5 cm shoots are removed. In the winter dormancy period from December to January of the following year, the branches are fully thinned and cut short to adjust the crown structure. According to different growth stages, the temperature and humidity are monitored regularly every day, and regulated by opening and closing vents, covering with insulation blankets, and using sunshade nets. During the budding period, the temperature is maintained at 15°C during the day and 5°C at night. Insulation blankets and vents are opened and closed to ensure stable temperature and promote uniform germination of plants. The relative humidity in the greenhouse is controlled at 70% to facilitate germination growth, which can be achieved through timely spraying of moisture or ventilation and dehumidification. During the flowering period, the daytime temperature is raised to 20℃ and 10℃ at night to create suitable conditions for pollination and fertilization, and to avoid flowers and fruits falling due to excessively high or low temperatures. The humidity is reduced to 60% to reduce the growth of pathogens and avoid the occurrence of blossom rot. Ventilation and dehumidification equipment are used for precise control. During the fruit expansion period, the temperature is maintained at 25℃ during the day and 15℃ at night to accelerate the growth of fruits and improve the quality of fruits. The relative humidity is maintained at 50%; the irrigation frequency is appropriately increased. Combined with drip irrigation, water-soluble fertilizers are applied to prevent and control diseases and insect pests. During the budding period, water is irrigated every 3 days, and 10 kg of urea is applied per mu; during the flowering period, water is irrigated once every 7 days, and 5 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate is applied per mu; during the fruit expansion period, the soil moisture condition is monitored every day, and irrigation is carried out when there is water shortage. 20 kg of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer and 0.5 kg of borax are applied per mu, and the irrigation volume is controlled at 15 cubic meters per mu each time; a disinfection pool is set up at the entrance of the greenhouse with built-in disinfectant to disinfect the soles of people entering and farm tools to prevent the introduction of germs; an ultraviolet insecticidal lamp is installed every 10 meters inside the greenhouse to use the phototaxis of pests to lure and kill adult insects; physical and chemical methods are used to eliminate the harmful bacteria. 2. Biological control is used to control pests and diseases. Yellow and blue boards are hung, with 30 and 20 boards hung per acre respectively, at a height of 1 meter from the ground, to trap aphids, thrips and other small pests. Silver reflective film is laid on the ground in the garden to use reflection to repel aphids and reduce insect population density. The natural enemy of pests, ladybugs, are actively introduced to control aphids, with 1,000 per acre; beneficial microbial agents are sprayed regularly to inhibit the growth of pathogens in the soil and on the surface of plants, and spraying is done once every 10 days; in the early stages of pests and diseases, through accurate diagnosis, high-efficiency, low-toxicity, low-residue chemical pesticides are selected, and the drugs are used strictly in accordance with the prescribed dosage, dilution multiples, and safe intervals. Example 7 The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 6 is that the biochar prepared in embodiment 2 was used. Example 8 The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 6 is that the biochar prepared in embodiment 3 was used. Example 9 The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 6 is that the biochar prepared in embodiment 4 was used. Example 10 The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 6 is that the biochar prepared in embodiment 5 is used. Comparative Example 4 The difference between this comparative example and Example 8 is that the biochar prepared in Comparative Example 1 was used. Comparative Example 5 The difference between this comparative example and Example 8 is that the biochar prepared in Comparative Example 2 was used. Comparative Example 6 The difference between this comparative example and Example 8 is that the biochar prepared in Comparative Example 3 was used. Comparative Example 7 The difference between this comparative example and Example 8 is that the biochar prepared in Comparative Example 4 was used. Comparative Example 8 The difference between this comparative example and Example 8 is that the application amount of the biochar prepared in Example 3 is 1300 kg / mu. Comparative Example 9 The difference between this comparative example and Example 8 is that the application amount of the biochar prepared in Example 3 is 1400 kg / mu. Comparative Example 10 The difference between this comparative example and Example 8 is that the application amount of the biochar prepared in Example 3 is 1500 kg / mu. Performance Testing (1) Soil bulk density, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and organic matter Soil bulk density was determined by the ring knife method, total nitrogen by the Kjeldahl method, total phosphorus by the HClO4-H2SO4 digestion-molybdenum antimony colorimetric method, and organic matter by the potassium dichromate external heating method. (2) Fig yield per unit area, average single fruit weight, and proportion of high-quality fruit After the figs matured, the cumulative weight of fruits picked in each treatment was recorded and converted into yield per unit area (kg / hm2). 2 Each time the fruits are picked, no less than 5% of the fruits are randomly selected to weigh the weight of each fruit and calculate the average weight of each fruit (g / fruit); at the same time, the number of high-quality fruits without defects is counted and the proportion of high-quality fruits is calculated. The formula for calculating the proportion of high-quality fruit is as follows: Table 2 Soil bulk density, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and organic matter of Examples 6-10 and Comparative Examples 4-9 As can be seen from Table 2, the soil bulk density of Example 8 is the lowest, and the total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and organic matter contents are the highest. This shows that the biochar prepared in Example 3 can improve soil fertility when applied to the soil. This may be because the biochar has a rich pore structure, which improves the soil pore condition after application. The surface structure of the biochar has a good absorption and retention capacity for nitrogen and phosphorus. At the same time, the biochar can be enriched in soil aggregates. The nitrogen and phosphorus elements in the biochar are conducive to long-term fixation and are slowly released in the later stage of crop growth to continuously supply nutrients for crop growth. The biochar has a high carbon content and strong stability. It can be stably stored in the soil, which is conducive to the accumulation of organic carbon in the soil. Table 3 Fig yield per unit area, average single fruit weight, and high-quality fruit ratio of Examples 6-10 and Comparative Examples 4-9 As can be seen from Table 3, the yield per unit area, average single fruit weight, and high-quality fruit ratio of figs in Example 8 are all the highest. This may be because the soil fertility in Example 8 is the strongest, which increases the fig yield, reduces the number of low-quality fruits, and improves the quality of figs. The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and does not constitute any form of limitation to the present invention. Any person skilled in the art can, without departing from the spirit and technical solution of the present invention, use the methods and technical contents disclosed above to make many possible changes and modifications to the technical solution of the present invention, or modify it into an equivalent embodiment with equivalent changes. Therefore, any simple modification, equivalent replacement, equivalent change and modification made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the content of the technical solution of the present invention shall still fall within the scope of protection of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A simplified and efficient cultivation method for greenhouse figs, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Site Selection: Choose open, flat terrain between 1,200 and 1,500 meters above sea level, with a slope of less than 3°, good drainage, and a low groundwater level, with at least 10 hours of sunlight per day. S2. Facility Construction: Design and construct a greenhouse, using PO film as the film material. Cover the film with an insulation blanket. Create uniform ventilation holes along the longitudinal direction of the greenhouse roof. Install ventilation strips on both sides of the greenhouse bottom. Lay main and branch pipes and drip irrigation pipes according to the spacing between planting rows, and install equipment. S3. Soil Improvement and Planting: Deeply plow the land using a large rotary tiller 2-3 times. Evenly apply biochar, decomposed organic fertilizer, superphosphate, and potassium sulfate per acre to adjust the soil pH to 6.5-7.

5. S4. Select fig seedlings and plant them in holes according to the predetermined spacing between rows and plants. Spread the roots of the fig seedlings into the holes and water them thoroughly to establish their roots. Each seedling should receive at least 15-20 kg of water to establish its roots. Build a temporary small arch shed and remove it after 7-10 days. S5. Growth management: Shape and prune the figs, monitor the temperature and humidity regularly every day according to the different growth stages, adjust the temperature and humidity by opening and closing vents, covering with insulation blankets, and using shade nets. Increase the irrigation frequency appropriately, apply water-soluble fertilizers in combination with drip irrigation, and prevent and control diseases and insect pests.

2. The simplified and efficient cultivation method for greenhouse figs according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, the application amounts of biochar, decomposed organic fertilizer, superphosphate, and potassium sulfate are 1300-1600 kg / mu, 4000-5000 kg / mu, 50-80 kg / mu, and potassium sulfate is 30-40 kg / mu, respectively.

3. The simplified and efficient cultivation method for greenhouse figs according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method for preparing biochar in step S3 comprises the following steps: S31. The corn stalks were cut into 1-3cm pieces by a grinder, and the orange residue was crushed through a 40-60 mesh sieve, and then the corn stalks and orange residue were mixed in a certain proportion to prepare a solid material; S32. Activate Azotobacter rotundifolia and Eurotium shevarium according to conventional culture medium to prepare seed liquid, inoculate the cultured seed liquid into solid materials at an inoculation rate of 4%-5%, stir evenly, add water, spread the mixture, and culture it at a constant temperature of 30-35℃ in the solid state, ventilate it twice a day, and after fermentation, dry it at 60-65℃ to constant weight. The dried fermentation product is pyrolyzed to prepare biochar.

4. The simplified and efficient cultivation method of a greenhouse fig according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The mass ratio of corn stalks to orange residues in step S31 is (1-5):

1.

5. The simplified and efficient cultivation method for greenhouse figs according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The concentration of the seed solution of round brown nitrogen-fixing bacteria in step S32 is 1×10 8 -2×10 8 CFU / mL, the seed solution concentration of Eurotium shevarium was 8×10 7 -9×10 7 CFU / mL.

6. The simplified and efficient cultivation method for greenhouse figs according to claim 3, characterized in that: The pyrolysis conditions in step S32 are: the final pyrolysis temperature is 400-450° C., and the heating rate is 8-12° C. / min.

7. The simplified and efficient cultivation method for greenhouse figs according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S4, the fig seedlings are root-pruned and disinfected 1-2 days in advance and are soaked in a rooting powder solution for 3-5 hours.

8. The simplified and efficient cultivation method for greenhouse figs according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S5, the measures for irrigation and topdressing water-soluble fertilizer at different growth stages are as follows: during the budding period, water is irrigated every 3-5 days, and 10-15 kg of urea is topdressed per mu; during the flowering period, water is irrigated every 7-10 days, and 5-10 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate is topdressed per mu; during the fruit expansion period, the soil moisture is monitored every day, and water is irrigated when there is water shortage, and 20-30 kg of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer and 0.5-1 kg of borax are topdressed per mu, and the amount of water each time is controlled at 15-20 m 3 / mu.

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