Seawater domestication method for Hongyu

Abstract

The invention discloses a sea water domestication method for Hongyu, and relates to the technical field of aquaculture. The domestication method specifically comprises the following steps: (1) constructing a culture pond environment: filling fresh water with the salinity of 0.5-2 per mill; (2) starvation treatment, wherein no bait is put within 20-30 h after the fry are put into the pond; (3) a first breeding stage; (4) a second breeding stage; (5) a third breeding stage; the feeding speed of the red tilapia fries is increased by means of gradually increasing salinity gradient, hunger treatment, traditional Chinese medicine feeding, natural plant growth agent feeding and yellow light feeding training, the immunity of the red tilapia fries is enhanced, and the fries slowly adapt to seawater salinity. The series of methods can effectively improve the yield and survival rate and increase economic benefits.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of aquaculture, in particular to a method for acclimating red tilapia to seawater. Background Art

[0002] Tilapia, native to Africa and the Middle East, is a fast-growing, highly resistant freshwater fish species cultivated worldwide. In recent years, with the annual growth of tilapia production in China and the increasing demand for tilapia in the international market, tilapia exports have increased rapidly, making it one of China's leading freshwater aquatic exports and the second-largest farmed species in the world after common carp. Red tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus × O. niloticus) belongs to the Perciformes order, Percoidea suborder, Cichlidae family, and genus Oreochromis. It is a superior species developed through multiple generations of selective breeding, resulting from the hybridization of the Nile tilapia (O. niloticus) with the color-variant Mozambique tilapia (O. mossambicus). Red tilapia, also known as rainbow tilapia, is popular among consumers for its pure red color, lack of a black membrane in its body cavity, thick, boneless flesh, delicious texture, rapid growth, high yield, and high economic returns. Traditionally, red tilapia farming has primarily been concentrated in freshwater environments. With the development of marine aquaculture technology and the increasing demand for marine resource utilization, exploring methods for seawater domestication of red tilapia to expand its farming range has high economic value. Exploring new marine aquaculture varieties and models can also support fishermen's income growth and improve fishery efficiency, and is of great significance for further promoting the technological upgrading of the industry. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In view of the above-mentioned defects of the prior art, the present invention proposes a method for acclimating red tilapia in seawater to solve the problems raised by the above-mentioned background technology.

[0004] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0005] A method for acclimating red tilapia seawater specifically comprises the following steps:

[0006] (1) Construction of aquaculture pond environment: Clean and disinfect the indoor aquaculture pond. After disinfection, add new water with a salinity of 0.5-2‰, control the water temperature to 24-30℃, pH value to 6.8-8.0, dissolved oxygen concentration ≥4.0 mg / L, ammonia nitrogen ≤0.20 mg / L, nitrite ≤0.10 mg / L, and sulfide ≤0.20 mg / L;

[0007] (2) Starvation treatment: stock the fry in the culture pond and do not feed them any food for 6 to 12 hours after they enter the pond;

[0008] (3) The first stage of aquaculture: after completing the treatment in step (2), the salinity of the water body is adjusted to 6-10‰ and mixed feed A is fed. 5-7 minutes before feeding, a yellow light is turned on to illuminate the surface of the aquaculture pond; the mixed feed A comprises, by weight, 15-20 parts of rapeseed meal, 10-15 parts of bean cake, 8-12 parts of fish meal, 5-10 parts of sweet potato leaves, 5-8 parts of pterocarpus, 3-7 parts of Elaeagnus pungens Thunb. leaves of the Elaeagnus family, 2-5 parts of Galium spurium L. whole herb of the Rubiaceae family, 2-5 parts of Pterocephalus lushookeri (CBClarke) of the Dipsacus family, 1-2 parts of sedge vine ... 1 to 3 portions of dried whole grass); the first stage of cultivation is 3 to 5 days;

[0009] (4) Second stage of aquaculture: adjust the salinity of the water body to 15-20‰ and feed the mixed feed B. Turn on the yellow light to illuminate the surface of the aquaculture pond 5-7 minutes before feeding the feed. The mixed feed B includes 10-15 parts of rapeseed meal, 8-12 parts of barley protein powder, 8-12 parts of corn flour, 3-10 parts of rice bran, and 2-8 parts of 28-homobrassinolide in parts by weight. The second stage of aquaculture lasts 7-10 days.

[0010] (5) The third stage of aquaculture: the salinity of the water body is adjusted to 26-30‰ and mixed feed C is fed. 5-7 minutes before feeding, a yellow light is turned on to illuminate the surface of the aquaculture pond; the mixed feed C includes 30-50 parts of peanut meal, 20-30 parts of fish meal, 10-12 parts of mulberry leaf powder, 5-12 parts of locust tree leaves, and 5-10 parts of dihydroquercetin ester in parts by weight; the third stage of aquaculture is 5-10 days.

[0011] Preferably, the indoor culture pond in step (1) is a circular cement pond with a diameter of 8 to 12 m and a depth of 1.3 to 2 m.

[0012] Preferably, the disinfection in step (1) is carried out using quicklime.

[0013] Preferably, the salinity of the new water in step (1) is 1‰.

[0014] Preferably, the density of stocking fry in step (2) is 1500 to 3000 fry per mu.

[0015] Preferably, in step (2), no bait is added within 10 hours after the fry enter the pond.

[0016] Preferably, the light intensity of the yellow light is 75-80 lux.

[0017] Preferably, the mixed bait A in step (3) comprises, by weight, 18 parts of rapeseed meal, 12 parts of soybean cake, 10 parts of fish meal, 8 parts of sweet potato leaves, 7 parts of pteris viridis, 5 parts of elaeagnus, 3 parts of saw-saw vine, and 2 parts of pterygium wilfordii.

[0018] Preferably, the mixed bait B in step (4) comprises, by weight, 12 parts of rapeseed meal, 10 parts of barley gluten powder, 10 parts of corn flour, 7 parts of rice bran, and 5 parts of 28-homobrassinolide.

[0019] Preferably, the mixed bait C in step (5) comprises, by weight, 40 parts of peanut meal, 25 parts of fish meal, 11 parts of mulberry leaf powder, 10 parts of locust tree leaves, and 8 parts of dihydroquercetin ester.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0021] (1) The present application uses starvation treatment to stress the fry, keep them in a stimulated state, fully mobilize the cells throughout the body to resist adversity, and accelerate the fry's adaptation to the rising salinity of the aquaculture water. At the same time, before feeding the bait, the surface of the aquaculture pond is illuminated with yellow light, that is, yellow light stimulation is given before feeding the bait, so that the fry can perceive the yellow light before feeding. This can establish the fry's feeding response to the yellow light and regulate the adaptability of the red tilapia fry under salt stress, thereby improving the utilization rate of the bait and the growth efficiency of the fry.

[0022] (2) Mixed bait A contains Chinese medicinal ingredients, and mixed baits B and mixed bait C contain natural plant growth regulators. This application selects appropriate ingredients of the mixed bait and regulates the amount of added ingredients, so that it can fully utilize the active ingredients of Chinese medicinal ingredients and the active ingredients of natural plant growth regulators to promote the growth of fry in a high-salinity environment. This application broadens the application scope of 28-homobrassinolide and dihydroquercetin ester, and provides the possibility of their application in aquaculture.

[0023] (3) This application successfully domesticated red tilapia into a breeding environment that can adapt to high salinity by controlling the balance between water salinity, food content and light intensity, which has high economic value. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with specific implementation methods.

[0025] Example 1

[0026] A method for acclimating red tilapia seawater specifically comprises the following steps:

[0027] (1) Construction of aquaculture pond environment: The indoor aquaculture pond was cleaned and disinfected with quicklime. After disinfection, fresh water with a salinity of 0.5‰ was added, and the water temperature was controlled to be 24°C, the pH value was 6.8, the dissolved oxygen concentration was ≥4.0 mg / L, the ammonia nitrogen was ≤0.20 mg / L, the nitrite was ≤0.10 mg / L, and the sulfide was ≤0.20 mg / L. The indoor aquaculture pond was a circular cement pond with a diameter of 8 m and a depth of 1.3 m.

[0028] (2) Starvation treatment: stock the fish fry into the culture pond at a density of 1500 fry / mu. No food is added within 6 h after the fry are placed in the pond;

[0029] (3) The first stage of breeding: after completing the treatment in step (2), the salinity of the water body is adjusted to 6‰ and the mixed feed A is fed. 5 minutes before feeding, the yellow light with an intensity of 75 lux is turned on to illuminate the surface of the breeding pond. The mixed feed A is fed 3 times a day at 10:00, 14:00 and 18:00, and the feeding amount of the mixed feed A each time is 3% of the body weight of the fry; the mixed feed A includes 15 parts of rapeseed meal, 10 parts of soybean cake, 8 parts of fish meal, 5 parts of sweet potato leaves, 5 parts of pteris viridis, 3 parts of elaeagnus leaves, 2 parts of saw-saw vine, and 1 part of pterygium wilfordii. The first stage of breeding is 3 days;

[0030] (4) Second stage of culture: adjust the salinity of the water body to 15‰ and feed mixed feed B. Turn on the yellow light with an intensity of 75 lux to illuminate the culture pond surface 5 minutes before feeding; feed mixed feed B twice a day, at 12:00 and 18:00, and the feeding amount of mixed feed B each time is 9% of the body weight of the fry; the mixed feed B includes 10 parts of rapeseed meal, 8 parts of barley protein powder, 8 parts of corn flour, 3 parts of rice bran, and 2 parts of 28-homobrassinolide in parts by weight; the second stage of culture lasts 7 days;

[0031] (5) The third stage of aquaculture: the salinity of the water body was adjusted to 26‰ and mixed feed C was fed. Five minutes before feeding, a yellow light with an intensity of 75 lux was turned on to illuminate the surface of the aquaculture pond; the mixed feed C was fed twice a day at 12:00 and 18:00 respectively, and the amount of mixed feed C fed each time was 15% of the body weight of the fry; the mixed feed C included 30 parts of peanut meal, 20 parts of fish meal, 10 parts of mulberry leaf powder, 5 parts of locust tree leaves, and 5 parts of dihydroquercetin ester in parts by weight; the third stage of aquaculture lasted for 5 days.

[0032] Example 2

[0033] A method for acclimating red tilapia seawater specifically comprises the following steps:

[0034] (1) Construction of aquaculture pond environment: The indoor aquaculture pond was cleaned and disinfected with quicklime. After disinfection, fresh water with a salinity of 2‰ was added, and the water temperature was controlled to be 30°C, the pH value was 8.0, the dissolved oxygen concentration was ≥4.0 mg / L, the ammonia nitrogen was ≤0.20 mg / L, the nitrite was ≤0.10 mg / L, and the sulfide was ≤0.20 mg / L. The indoor aquaculture pond was a circular cement pond with a diameter of 12 m and a depth of 2 m.

[0035] (2) Starvation treatment: stock the fish fry into the culture pond at a density of 3,000 fry / mu, and do not add any bait within 12 hours after the fry are placed in the pond;

[0036] (3) The first stage of breeding: after completing the treatment in step (2), the salinity of the water body is adjusted to 10‰ and the mixed feed A is fed. 7 minutes before feeding, the yellow light with an intensity of 80 lux is turned on to illuminate the surface of the breeding pond; the mixed feed A is fed 3 times a day, and the feeding time is 10:00, 14:00 and 18:00 respectively. The feeding amount of the mixed feed A each time is 3% of the body weight of the fry; the mixed feed A includes 20 parts of rapeseed meal, 15 parts of soybean cake, 12 parts of fish meal, 10 parts of sweet potato leaves, 8 parts of pteris viridis, 7 parts of elaeagnus leaves, 5 parts of saw-saw vine, and 3 parts of pterygium wilfordii. The first stage of breeding is 5 days;

[0037] (4) Second stage of culture: adjust the salinity of the water body to 20‰ and feed mixed feed B. Turn on the yellow light with an intensity of 80 lux to illuminate the culture pond surface 7 minutes before feeding; feed mixed feed B twice a day, at 12:00 and 18:00, and the feeding amount of mixed feed B each time is 9% of the body weight of the fry; the mixed feed B includes 15 parts of rapeseed meal, 12 parts of barley protein powder, 12 parts of corn flour, 10 parts of rice bran, and 8 parts of 28-homobrassinolide in parts by weight; the second stage of culture is 10 days;

[0038] (5) The third stage of aquaculture: the salinity of the water body was adjusted to 30‰ and mixed feed C was fed. 7 minutes before feeding, a yellow light with an intensity of 80 lux was turned on to illuminate the surface of the aquaculture pond; the mixed feed C was fed twice a day, at 12:00 and 18:00 respectively, and the amount of mixed feed C fed each time was 15% of the body weight of the fry; the mixed feed C included 50 parts of peanut meal, 30 parts of fish meal, 12 parts of mulberry leaf powder, 12 parts of locust tree leaves, and 10 parts of dihydroquercetin ester in parts by weight; the third stage of aquaculture lasted 10 days.

[0039] Example 3

[0040] A method for acclimating red tilapia seawater specifically comprises the following steps:

[0041] (1) Construction of the breeding pond environment: The indoor breeding pond was cleaned and disinfected with quicklime. After disinfection, fresh water with a salinity of 1‰ was added, and the water temperature was controlled to be 26°C, the pH value was 7.0, the dissolved oxygen concentration was ≥4.0 mg / L, the ammonia nitrogen was ≤0.20 mg / L, the nitrite was ≤0.10 mg / L, and the sulfide was ≤0.20 mg / L. The indoor breeding pond was a circular cement pool with a diameter of 10 m and a depth of 1.50 m.

[0042] (2) Starvation treatment: stock the fish fry into the culture pond at a density of 2000 fry / mu, and do not add any bait within 10 hours after the fry are placed in the pond;

[0043] (3) The first stage of breeding: after completing the treatment in step (2), the salinity of the water body is adjusted to 8‰ and the mixed feed A is fed. 6 minutes before feeding, the yellow light with an intensity of 78 lux is turned on to illuminate the surface of the breeding pond; the mixed feed A is fed 3 times a day, and the feeding time is 10:00, 14:00 and 18:00 respectively. The feeding amount of the mixed feed A each time is 3% of the body weight of the fry; the mixed feed A includes 18 parts of rapeseed meal, 12 parts of soybean cake, 10 parts of fish meal, 8 parts of sweet potato leaves, 7 parts of pteris viridis, 5 parts of elaeagnus, 3 parts of saw-saw vine and 2 parts of pterygium wilfordii. The first stage of breeding is 4 days;

[0044] (4) Second stage of culture: adjust the salinity of the water body to 18‰ and feed mixed feed B. Turn on the yellow light with an intensity of 78 lux to illuminate the culture pond surface 6 minutes before feeding; feed mixed feed B twice a day, at 12:00 and 18:00, and the feeding amount of mixed feed B each time is 9% of the body weight of the fry; the mixed feed B includes 12 parts of rapeseed meal, 10 parts of barley protein powder, 10 parts of corn flour, 7 parts of rice bran, and 5 parts of 28-homobrassinolide in parts by weight; the second stage of culture lasts 8 days;

[0045] (5) The third stage of aquaculture: the salinity of the water body was adjusted to 29‰ and mixed feed C was fed. 6 minutes before feeding, a yellow light with an intensity of 78 lux was turned on to illuminate the surface of the aquaculture pond; the mixed feed C was fed twice a day, at 12:00 and 18:00 respectively, and the amount of mixed feed C fed each time was 15% of the body weight of the fry; the mixed feed C included 40 parts of peanut meal, 25 parts of fish meal, 11 parts of mulberry leaf powder, 10 parts of locust tree leaves, and 8 parts of dihydroquercetin ester in parts by weight; the third stage of aquaculture lasted for 9 days.

[0046] Comparative Example 1

[0047] This comparative example differs from Example 3 in that the fry are not starved, and the remaining ingredients and steps remain unchanged.

[0048] A method for acclimating red tilapia seawater specifically comprises the following steps:

[0049] (1) Construction of the breeding pond environment: The indoor breeding pond was cleaned and disinfected with quicklime. After disinfection, fresh water with a salinity of 1‰ was added, and the water temperature was controlled to be 26°C, the pH value was 7.0, the dissolved oxygen concentration was ≥4.0 mg / L, the ammonia nitrogen was ≤0.20 mg / L, the nitrite was ≤0.10 mg / L, and the sulfide was ≤0.20 mg / L. The indoor breeding pond was a circular cement pool with a diameter of 10 m and a depth of 1.50 m.

[0050] (2) The first stage of breeding: stocking fry and feeding mixed feed A into the breeding pond, turning on a yellow light with an intensity of 78 lux to illuminate the surface of the breeding pond 6 minutes before feeding, and adjusting the salinity of the water body to 8‰ 10 hours after stocking the fry; feeding mixed feed A three times a day, at 10:00, 14:00 and 18:00, and the feeding amount of mixed feed A each time is 3% of the fry body weight; the mixed feed A includes 18 parts of rapeseed meal, 12 parts of soybean cake, 10 parts of fish meal, 8 parts of sweet potato leaves, 7 parts of pteris viridis, 5 parts of elaeagnus, 3 parts of saw-saw vine, and 2 parts of pterygium wilfordii by weight; the first stage of breeding lasts for 4 days;

[0051] (3) Second stage of culture: adjust the salinity of the water body to 18‰ and feed mixed feed B. Turn on the yellow light with an intensity of 78 lux to illuminate the culture pond surface 6 minutes before feeding; feed mixed feed B twice a day, at 12:00 and 18:00, and the feeding amount of mixed feed B each time is 9% of the body weight of the fry; the mixed feed B includes 12 parts of rapeseed meal, 10 parts of barley protein powder, 10 parts of corn flour, 7 parts of rice bran, and 5 parts of 28-homobrassinolide by weight; the second stage of culture lasts 8 days;

[0052] (4) The third stage of aquaculture: the salinity of the water body was adjusted to 29‰ and mixed feed C was fed. 6 minutes before feeding, a yellow light with an intensity of 78 lux was turned on to illuminate the surface of the aquaculture pond; the mixed feed C was fed twice a day, at 12:00 and 18:00 respectively, and the feeding amount of mixed feed C each time was 15% of the body weight of the fry; the mixed feed C included 40 parts of peanut meal, 25 parts of fish meal, 11 parts of mulberry leaf powder, 10 parts of locust tree leaves, and 8 parts of dihydroquercetin ester in parts by weight; the third stage of aquaculture lasted for 9 days.

[0053] Comparative Example 2

[0054] The difference between this comparative example and Example 3 is that the mixed bait A does not contain the Chinese medicinal ingredients (Elaeagnus fructus, Serrata serrulata, and Pterocephalus chinensis), and the other ingredients and steps remain unchanged.

[0055] A method for acclimating red tilapia seawater specifically comprises the following steps:

[0056] (1) Construction of the breeding pond environment: The indoor breeding pond was cleaned and disinfected with quicklime. After disinfection, fresh water with a salinity of 1‰ was added, and the water temperature was controlled to be 26°C, the pH value was 7.0, the dissolved oxygen concentration was ≥4.0 mg / L, the ammonia nitrogen was ≤0.20 mg / L, the nitrite was ≤0.10 mg / L, and the sulfide was ≤0.20 mg / L. The indoor breeding pond was a circular cement pool with a diameter of 10 m and a depth of 1.50 m.

[0057] (2) Starvation treatment: stock the fish fry into the culture pond at a density of 2000 fry / mu, and do not add any bait within 10 hours after the fry are placed in the pond;

[0058] (3) The first stage of breeding: after completing the treatment in step (2), the salinity of the water body is adjusted to 8‰ and mixed feed A is fed. 6 minutes before feeding, the yellow light with an intensity of 78 lux is turned on to illuminate the surface of the breeding pond; the mixed feed A is fed 3 times a day, at 10:00, 14:00 and 18:00, and the feeding amount of mixed feed A each time is 3% of the body weight of the fry; the mixed feed A includes 18 parts of rapeseed meal, 12 parts of soybean cake, 10 parts of fish meal, 8 parts of sweet potato leaves and 7 parts of phoenix grass in parts by weight; the first stage of breeding is 4 days;

[0059] (4) Second stage of culture: adjust the salinity of the water body to 18‰ and feed mixed feed B. Turn on the yellow light with an intensity of 78 lux to illuminate the culture pond surface 6 minutes before feeding; feed mixed feed B twice a day, at 12:00 and 18:00, and the feeding amount of mixed feed B each time is 9% of the body weight of the fry; the mixed feed B includes 12 parts of rapeseed meal, 10 parts of barley protein powder, 10 parts of corn flour, 7 parts of rice bran, and 5 parts of 28-homobrassinolide in parts by weight; the second stage of culture lasts 8 days;

[0060] (5) The third stage of aquaculture: the salinity of the water body was adjusted to 29‰ and mixed feed C was fed. 6 minutes before feeding, a yellow light with an intensity of 78 lux was turned on to illuminate the surface of the aquaculture pond; the mixed feed C was fed twice a day, at 12:00 and 18:00 respectively, and the amount of mixed feed C fed each time was 15% of the body weight of the fry; the mixed feed C included 40 parts of peanut meal, 25 parts of fish meal, 11 parts of mulberry leaf powder, 10 parts of locust tree leaves, and 8 parts of dihydroquercetin ester in parts by weight; the third stage of aquaculture lasted for 9 days.

[0061] Comparative Example 3

[0062] This comparative example differs from Example 3 in that the yellow light source is replaced with blue light, and the other components and steps remain unchanged.

[0063] A method for acclimating red tilapia seawater specifically comprises the following steps:

[0064] (1) Construction of the breeding pond environment: The indoor breeding pond was cleaned and disinfected with quicklime. After disinfection, fresh water with a salinity of 1‰ was added, and the water temperature was controlled to be 26°C, the pH value was 7.0, the dissolved oxygen concentration was ≥4.0 mg / L, the ammonia nitrogen was ≤0.20 mg / L, the nitrite was ≤0.10 mg / L, and the sulfide was ≤0.20 mg / L. The indoor breeding pond was a circular cement pool with a diameter of 10 m and a depth of 1.50 m.

[0065] (2) Starvation treatment: stock the fish fry into the culture pond at a density of 2000 fry / mu, and do not add any bait within 10 hours after the fry are placed in the pond;

[0066] (3) The first stage of breeding: after completing the treatment in step (2), the salinity of the water body is adjusted to 8‰ and the mixed feed A is fed. 6 minutes before feeding, the blue light with an intensity of 78 lux is turned on to illuminate the surface of the breeding pond; the mixed feed A is fed 3 times a day, and the feeding time is 10:00, 14:00 and 18:00 respectively. The feeding amount of the mixed feed A each time is 3% of the body weight of the fry; the mixed feed A includes 18 parts of rapeseed meal, 12 parts of soybean cake, 10 parts of fish meal, 8 parts of sweet potato leaves, 7 parts of pteris viridis, 5 parts of elaeagnus, 3 parts of saw-saw vine and 2 parts of pterygium wilfordii. The first stage of breeding is 4 days;

[0067] (4) Second stage of culture: the salinity of the water body was adjusted to 18‰ and mixed feed B was fed. The blue light with an intensity of 78 lux was turned on to illuminate the culture pond surface 6 minutes before feeding; the mixed feed B was fed twice a day at 12:00 and 18:00 respectively, and the feeding amount of mixed feed B each time was 9% of the body weight of the fry; the mixed feed B, calculated by weight, included 12 parts of rapeseed meal, 10 parts of barley gluten powder, 10 parts of corn flour, 7 parts of rice bran, and 5 parts of 28-homobrassinolide; the second stage of culture lasted 8 days;

[0068] (5) The third stage of aquaculture: the salinity of the water body was adjusted to 29‰ and mixed feed C was fed. The blue light with an intensity of 78 lux was turned on to illuminate the surface of the aquaculture pond 6 minutes before feeding the feed. The mixed feed C was fed twice a day at 12:00 and 18:00 respectively. The amount of mixed feed C fed each time was 15% of the body weight of the fry. The mixed feed C included 40 parts of peanut meal, 25 parts of fish meal, 11 parts of mulberry leaf powder, 10 parts of locust tree leaves, and 8 parts of dihydroquercetin ester in parts by weight. The third stage of aquaculture lasted for 9 days.

[0069] Comparative Example 4

[0070] This comparative example differs from Example 3 in that 28-homobrassinolide is not added to the mixed bait B, and the other ingredients and steps remain unchanged.

[0071] A method for acclimating red tilapia seawater specifically comprises the following steps:

[0072] (1) Construction of the breeding pond environment: The indoor breeding pond was cleaned and disinfected with quicklime. After disinfection, fresh water with a salinity of 1‰ was added, and the water temperature was controlled to be 26°C, the pH value was 7.0, the dissolved oxygen concentration was ≥4.0 mg / L, the ammonia nitrogen was ≤0.20 mg / L, the nitrite was ≤0.10 mg / L, and the sulfide was ≤0.20 mg / L. The indoor breeding pond was a circular cement pool with a diameter of 10 m and a depth of 1.50 m.

[0073] (2) Starvation treatment: stock the fish fry into the culture pond at a density of 2000 fry / mu, and do not add any bait within 10 hours after the fry are placed in the pond;

[0074] (3) The first stage of breeding: after completing the treatment in step (2), the salinity of the water body is adjusted to 8‰ and the mixed feed A is fed. 6 minutes before feeding, the yellow light with an intensity of 78 lux is turned on to illuminate the surface of the breeding pond; the mixed feed A is fed 3 times a day, and the feeding time is 10:00, 14:00 and 18:00 respectively. The feeding amount of the mixed feed A each time is 3% of the body weight of the fry; the mixed feed A includes 18 parts of rapeseed meal, 12 parts of soybean cake, 10 parts of fish meal, 8 parts of sweet potato leaves, 7 parts of pteris viridis, 5 parts of elaeagnus, 3 parts of saw-saw vine and 2 parts of pterygium wilfordii. The first stage of breeding is 4 days;

[0075] (4) Second stage of culture: adjust the salinity of the water body to 18‰ and feed mixed feed B. Turn on the yellow light with an intensity of 78 lux to illuminate the culture pond surface 6 minutes before feeding; feed mixed feed B twice a day, at 12:00 and 18:00, and the feeding amount of mixed feed B each time is 9% of the body weight of the fry; the mixed feed B includes 12 parts of rapeseed meal, 10 parts of barley protein powder, 10 parts of corn flour, and 7 parts of rice bran by weight; the second stage of culture lasts 8 days;

[0076] (5) The third stage of aquaculture: the salinity of the water body was adjusted to 29‰ and mixed feed C was fed. 6 minutes before feeding, a yellow light with an intensity of 78 lux was turned on to illuminate the surface of the aquaculture pond; the mixed feed C was fed twice a day, at 12:00 and 18:00 respectively, and the amount of mixed feed C fed each time was 15% of the body weight of the fry; the mixed feed C included 40 parts of peanut meal, 25 parts of fish meal, 11 parts of mulberry leaf powder, 10 parts of locust tree leaves, and 8 parts of dihydroquercetin ester in parts by weight; the third stage of aquaculture lasted for 9 days.

[0077] Comparative Example 5

[0078] This comparative example differs from Example 3 in that dihydroquercetin ester is not added to mixed bait C, and the other ingredients and steps remain unchanged.

[0079] A method for acclimating red tilapia seawater specifically comprises the following steps:

[0080] (1) Construction of the breeding pond environment: The indoor breeding pond was cleaned and disinfected with quicklime. After disinfection, fresh water with a salinity of 1‰ was added, and the water temperature was controlled to be 26°C, the pH value was 7.0, the dissolved oxygen concentration was ≥4.0 mg / L, the ammonia nitrogen was ≤0.20 mg / L, the nitrite was ≤0.10 mg / L, and the sulfide was ≤0.20 mg / L. The indoor breeding pond was a circular cement pool with a diameter of 10 m and a depth of 1.50 m.

[0081] (2) Starvation treatment: stock the fish fry into the culture pond at a density of 2000 fry / mu, and do not add any bait within 10 hours after the fry are placed in the pond;

[0082] (3) The first stage of breeding: after completing the treatment in step (2), the salinity of the water body is adjusted to 8‰ and the mixed feed A is fed. 6 minutes before feeding, the yellow light with an intensity of 78 lux is turned on to illuminate the surface of the breeding pond; the mixed feed A is fed 3 times a day, and the feeding time is 10:00, 14:00 and 18:00 respectively. The feeding amount of the mixed feed A each time is 3% of the body weight of the fry; the mixed feed A includes 18 parts of rapeseed meal, 12 parts of soybean cake, 10 parts of fish meal, 8 parts of sweet potato leaves, 7 parts of pteris viridis, 5 parts of elaeagnus, 3 parts of saw-saw vine and 2 parts of pterygium wilfordii. The first stage of breeding is 4 days;

[0083] (4) Second stage of culture: adjust the salinity of the water body to 18‰ and feed mixed feed B. Turn on the yellow light with an intensity of 78 lux to illuminate the culture pond surface 6 minutes before feeding; feed mixed feed B twice a day, at 12:00 and 18:00, and the feeding amount of mixed feed B each time is 9% of the body weight of the fry; the mixed feed B includes 12 parts of rapeseed meal, 10 parts of barley protein powder, 10 parts of corn flour, 7 parts of rice bran, and 5 parts of 28-homobrassinolide in parts by weight; the second stage of culture lasts 8 days;

[0084] (5) The third stage of aquaculture: the salinity of the water body was adjusted to 29‰ and mixed feed C was fed. 6 minutes before feeding, a yellow light with an intensity of 78 lux was turned on to illuminate the surface of the aquaculture pond; the mixed feed C was fed twice a day at 12:00 and 18:00 respectively, and the amount of mixed feed C fed each time was 15% of the body weight of the fry; the mixed feed C, calculated by weight, included 40 parts of peanut meal, 25 parts of fish meal, 11 parts of mulberry leaf powder, and 10 parts of locust tree leaves; the third stage of aquaculture lasted for 9 days.

[0085] Comparative Example 6

[0086] This comparative example differs from Example 3 in that: Elaeagnus chinensis is replaced by Schisandra chinensis, and the other ingredients and steps remain unchanged.

[0087] A method for acclimating red tilapia seawater specifically comprises the following steps:

[0088] (1) Construction of the breeding pond environment: The indoor breeding pond was cleaned and disinfected with quicklime. After disinfection, fresh water with a salinity of 1‰ was added, and the water temperature was controlled to be 26°C, the pH value was 7.0, the dissolved oxygen concentration was ≥4.0 mg / L, the ammonia nitrogen was ≤0.20 mg / L, the nitrite was ≤0.10 mg / L, and the sulfide was ≤0.20 mg / L. The indoor breeding pond was a circular cement pool with a diameter of 10 m and a depth of 1.50 m.

[0089] (2) Starvation treatment: stock the fish fry into the culture pond at a density of 2000 fry / mu, and do not add any bait within 10 hours after the fry are placed in the pond;

[0090] (3) The first stage of breeding: after completing the treatment in step (2), the salinity of the water body is adjusted to 8‰ and the mixed feed A is fed. 6 minutes before feeding, the yellow light with an intensity of 78 lux is turned on to illuminate the surface of the breeding pond; the mixed feed A is fed 3 times a day, and the feeding time is 10:00, 14:00 and 18:00 respectively. The feeding amount of the mixed feed A each time is 3% of the body weight of the fry; the mixed feed A includes 18 parts of rapeseed meal, 12 parts of soybean cake, 10 parts of fish meal, 8 parts of sweet potato leaves, 7 parts of pteris viridis, 5 parts of schisandra chinensis, 3 parts of saw-saw vine and 2 parts of pterygium wilfordii. The first stage of breeding is 4 days;

[0091] (4) Second stage of culture: adjust the salinity of the water body to 18‰ and feed mixed feed B. Turn on the yellow light with an intensity of 78 lux to illuminate the culture pond surface 6 minutes before feeding; feed mixed feed B twice a day, at 12:00 and 18:00, and the feeding amount of mixed feed B each time is 9% of the body weight of the fry; the mixed feed B includes 12 parts of rapeseed meal, 10 parts of barley protein powder, 10 parts of corn flour, 7 parts of rice bran, and 5 parts of 28-homobrassinolide in parts by weight; the second stage of culture lasts 8 days;

[0092] (5) The third stage of aquaculture: the salinity of the water body was adjusted to 29‰ and mixed feed C was fed. 6 minutes before feeding, a yellow light with an intensity of 78 lux was turned on to illuminate the surface of the aquaculture pond; the mixed feed C was fed twice a day, at 12:00 and 18:00 respectively, and the amount of mixed feed C fed each time was 15% of the body weight of the fry; the mixed feed C included 40 parts of peanut meal, 25 parts of fish meal, 11 parts of mulberry leaf powder, 10 parts of locust tree leaves, and 8 parts of dihydroquercetin ester in parts by weight; the third stage of aquaculture lasted for 9 days.

[0093] Experimental example

[0094] The survival rate, body rot disease and weight gain of red tilapia fry after acclimation of Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 to 6 were calculated. The statistical time was selected on the 10th day of the third stage of cultivation. The survival rate of red tilapia fry=(number of fry after acclimation ÷ number of fry before acclimation) × 100%; the incidence rate of body rot disease=(number of fry with disease in the third stage of cultivation ÷ number of fry at the beginning of the third stage of cultivation)

[0095] × 100%; weight gain multiple = weight after the third stage of breeding / weight of stocked fry, the weight is the average weight of 50 randomly selected fish; the results are shown in Table 1:

[0096] Table 1 Survival rate, body rot incidence and weight gain of red tilapia fry

[0097]

[0098] As can be seen from Table 1, Examples 1 to 3 have a high survival rate, low morbidity and high weight gain multiple relative to the domestication methods of Comparative Examples 1 to 5; Example 3 has the best technical effect, and Example 3 is compared with Comparative Example 1 to show that increasing starvation treatment is conducive to accelerating the adaptation of red tilapia fry to salt concentration changes, accelerating the feeding speed after entering high salt concentration, and reducing mortality. When the red tilapia fry resume a normal diet after starvation stress, they can show a growth rate that surpasses non-starved individuals in the same period. This is because they make growth indicators such as body weight and body length catch up with or exceed the group level that has been fully fed by reducing the need for survival to maintain a basic level, increasing energy utilization efficiency or by improving feeding rate; Example 3 is more effective than Comparative Examples 2, 4 and 5. It can be seen that the Chinese medicinal ingredients (Elaeagnus, Saw-saw Vine, Pterocephalus), 28-homobassinolide and dihydroquercetin ester contain a variety of biologically active substances, which can regulate the physiological functions of red tilapia fry, improve the digestive enzyme activity of red tilapia fry, and enhance the immune function and anti-stress ability of red tilapia fry; compared with Example 3, it can be seen that due to the differences in the sensitivity of the visual physiological structure of red tilapia fry to different light, the acceptance and reaction to different light sources are different, which in turn affects the degree of acclimation and feeding speed, and yellow light is better than blue light; compared with Example 3, it can be seen that there is a certain selectivity for the types of Chinese medicine in the bait. Only when Elaeagnus, Saw-saw Vine and Pterocephalus are selected to match each other can better technical effects be achieved and red tilapia with high economic benefits can be harvested.

[0099] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for acclimating red tilapia seawater, characterized in that: The specific steps include: (1) Construction of aquaculture pond environment: Clean and disinfect the indoor aquaculture pond. After disinfection, add new water with a salinity of 0.5-2‰, control the water temperature to 24-30℃, pH value to 6.8-8.0, dissolved oxygen concentration ≥4.0 mg / L, ammonia nitrogen ≤0.20 mg / L, nitrite ≤0.10 mg / L, and sulfide ≤0.20 mg / L; (2) Starvation treatment: stock the fry in the culture pond and do not feed them any food for 6 to 12 hours after they enter the pond; (3) The first stage of aquaculture: after completing the treatment in step (2), the salinity of the water body is adjusted to 6-10‰ and mixed feed A is fed. 5-7 minutes before feeding, a yellow light is turned on to illuminate the surface of the aquaculture pond; the mixed feed A comprises, by weight, 15-20 parts of rapeseed meal, 10-15 parts of soybean cake, 8-12 parts of fish meal, 5-10 parts of sweet potato leaves, 5-8 parts of pteris viridis, 3-7 parts of elaeagnus leaves, 2-5 parts of saw-saw vine, and 1-3 parts of pterygium wilfordii. The first stage of aquaculture lasts for 3-5 days. (4) Second stage of aquaculture: adjust the salinity of the water body to 15-20‰ and feed the mixed feed B. Turn on the yellow light to illuminate the surface of the aquaculture pond 5-7 minutes before feeding the feed. The mixed feed B includes 10-15 parts of rapeseed meal, 8-12 parts of barley protein powder, 8-12 parts of corn flour, 3-10 parts of rice bran, and 2-8 parts of 28-homobrassinolide in parts by weight. The second stage of aquaculture lasts 7-10 days. (5) The third stage of aquaculture: the salinity of the water body is adjusted to 26-30‰ and mixed feed C is fed. 5-7 minutes before feeding, a yellow light is turned on to illuminate the surface of the aquaculture pond; the mixed feed C includes 30-50 parts of peanut meal, 20-30 parts of fish meal, 10-12 parts of mulberry leaf powder, 5-12 parts of locust tree leaves, and 5-10 parts of dihydroquercetin ester in parts by weight; the third stage of aquaculture is 5-10 days.

2. A red tilapia seawater acclimation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The indoor culture pond in step (1) is a circular cement pond with a diameter of 8 to 12 m and a depth of 1.3 to 2 m.

3. A method for acclimating red tilapia seawater according to claim 1, characterized in that, The disinfection in step (1) is carried out using quicklime.

4. A method for acclimating red tilapia seawater according to claim 1, characterized in that, The salinity of the new water in step (1) is 1‰.

5. A method for acclimating red tilapia seawater according to claim 1, characterized in that, The density of stocking fry in step (2) is 1500 to 3000 fry per mu.

6. A method for acclimating red tilapia seawater according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step (2) No bait is added within 10 hours after the fry enters the pond.

7. A method for acclimating red tilapia seawater according to claim 1, characterized in that, The illumination intensity of the yellow light is 75 to 80 lux.

8. A method for acclimating red tilapia seawater according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mixed bait A in step (3) comprises, by weight, 18 parts of rapeseed meal, 12 parts of bean cake, 10 parts of fish meal, 8 parts of sweet potato leaves, 7 parts of pteris viridis, 5 parts of elaeagnus, 3 parts of saw-saw vine, and 2 parts of pterygium wilfordii.

9. A method for acclimating red tilapia seawater according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mixed bait B in step (4) comprises, by weight, 12 parts of rapeseed meal, 10 parts of barley gluten powder, 10 parts of corn flour, 7 parts of rice bran, and 5 parts of 28-homobrassinolide.

10. The method for acclimating red tilapia to seawater according to claim 1, wherein: The mixed bait C in step (5) comprises, by weight, 40 parts of peanut meal, 25 parts of fish meal, 11 parts of mulberry leaf powder, 10 parts of locust tree leaves, and 8 parts of dihydroquercetin ester.

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