Airplane air conditioner vehicle anti-overheating protection system based on radiation refrigeration coating

Abstract

The invention relates to the cross technical field of intelligent traffic and heat management, and discloses an airplane air-conditioned vehicle anti-overheating protection system based on a radiation refrigeration coating, comprising: a multilayer composite structure module, the multilayer composite structure module comprising a radiation refrigeration coating, a spectrum regulation and control structure layer and a heat conduction structure layer with adjustable heat conductivity; the environment sensing module is used for collecting the solar irradiation intensity and the temperature state outside the airplane air conditioner vehicle; the control module is used for generating a control instruction for adjusting the spectrum regulation and control structure layer and the heat conduction structure layer; the response execution module is used for outputting a control instruction according to the control module; and the state feedback module is used for monitoring the thermal physical state of the structure after adjustment in real time. A multi-layer composite heat management scheme based on a radiation refrigeration coating and a spectrum regulation and control structure is adopted, and effective reflection of external heat radiation and optimized dissipation of internal heat are achieved by intelligently and dynamically adjusting a heat flow path and radiation emission.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of intersection of intelligent transportation and thermal management, and in particular to an aircraft air-conditioning vehicle overheating protection system based on a radiation cooling coating. Background Art

[0002] With the continuous increase in ambient temperature, especially in high-temperature exposed transportation vehicles such as airplanes and air-conditioned vehicles, the problem of thermal overload has gradually become a difficult problem that needs to be solved urgently. Traditional thermal management methods mostly use passive heat dissipation materials, such as reflective coatings or awnings, but these methods often have multiple limitations. Although reflective coatings or sunshade materials can reduce heat absorption to a certain extent, they do not have sufficient adaptability under extreme weather conditions. Such materials cannot be dynamically adjusted according to different solar radiation intensities or ambient temperatures, resulting in poor reflection or heat dissipation effects in some cases. For example, under strong solar radiation, traditional coatings may not be able to sufficiently reduce the surface temperature, and thus cannot effectively avoid the occurrence of thermal overload. Existing technologies fail to achieve flexible adjustment in the material itself and cannot accurately control the flow direction of heat flow and heat dissipation.

[0003] Existing thermal management solutions are typically based on fixed materials and designs, failing to fully consider the impact of environmental changes on heat transfer. Even when using technologies like phase change materials and thermal conductivity networks, the heat flow path and thermal conductivity efficiency are often fixed at the outset of system design. In actual applications, environmental factors such as sunlight angle, wind speed, and temperature fluctuations can directly affect system performance, resulting in inflexible thermal control. As a result, traditional systems struggle to provide consistent and stable thermal management in a changing operating environment.

[0004] In traditional thermal management solutions, heat flow control often relies on manually set fixed parameters or basic feedback mechanisms, lacking highly intelligent adaptive capabilities. Such solutions are often unable to cope with sudden high-temperature conditions or optimize control strategies based on real-time data. Most traditional technologies only provide a single response mechanism, such as fixed thermal conductivity or simple heat flow path settings, failing to effectively integrate heat management with environmental perception, material properties, and control strategies. This results in slow system response or unstable performance in complex environments. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In response to the shortcomings of the existing technology, the present invention provides an aircraft air conditioning vehicle overheating protection system based on a radiant cooling coating, which solves the problem that traditional thermal management solutions cannot dynamically adjust the heat flow path and radiation capacity, resulting in the inability to effectively avoid thermal overload in complex environments.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solutions: an aircraft air conditioning vehicle overheating protection system based on a radiant cooling coating, comprising:

[0007] A multi-layer composite structure module is installed on the outer shell of the aircraft air conditioning vehicle. The multi-layer composite structure includes at least one layer of radiative cooling coating, a layer of spectrum regulation structure, and a layer of heat conductive structure with adjustable thermal conductivity. It is used to achieve reflection of external thermal radiation, dissipation of internal heat, and dynamic adjustment of the heat flow path;

[0008] an environmental sensing module, configured to collect the solar radiation intensity and temperature outside the aircraft air conditioning vehicle and the heat flux state of the surface of the multi-layer composite structure;

[0009] A control module, connected to the environmental sensing module, runs a heat-light coupling control algorithm based on the collected data to generate control instructions for adjusting the spectrum control structure layer and the heat conduction structure layer;

[0010] a response execution module, configured to adjust the spectral response state of the spectrum regulation structure layer and the thermal conductivity distribution of the thermal conductive structure layer according to the control instruction output by the control module;

[0011] The state feedback module is used to monitor the thermophysical state of the structure after adjustment in real time and provide feedback to the control module to achieve closed-loop correction of the control algorithm.

[0012] Furthermore, by integrating multi-layer composite structural modules, the high reflectivity and emissivity of the radiative cooling coating effectively counteracts both external thermal radiation and internal heat accumulation. This, combined with spectral control and thermal structure adjustment, enables dynamic thermal management. The modules work together to ensure the aircraft air conditioning vehicle maintains excellent temperature stability in a variety of complex environmental conditions, preventing overheating.

[0013] Preferably, the radiation cooling coating has a high reflectivity for solar radiation in the 0.3-2.5 μm band, and a high emissivity for far-infrared radiation window in the 8-13 μm band.

[0014] Furthermore, the radiative cooling coating maintains high reflectivity in the visible and near-infrared bands of solar radiation by optimizing its spectral characteristics, and can effectively reflect solar heat. At the same time, it has high emissivity in the far-infrared band, which can effectively release the heat inside the aircraft air-conditioning vehicle into space, thereby reducing the impact of external heat on the system and ensuring that it can still work stably in high-temperature environments.

[0015] Preferably, the spectrum control structure layer is a control unit composed of a liquid crystal array, a light-responsive nanostructure or an electrochromic material, and is used to match the optimal emission range of the radiation cooling coating by changing the transmission angle or wavelength response range.

[0016] Furthermore, the spectral control layer utilizes advanced technologies such as liquid crystal arrays, photoresponsive nanostructures, or electrochromic materials to dynamically adjust the transmission spectrum based on environmental changes, optimizing the coating's emissive properties. This control approach allows the system to flexibly respond to varying time periods and climate conditions, thereby improving its energy efficiency and adaptability.

[0017] Preferably, the heat-conducting structural layer includes a phase-change composite material with temperature-responsive characteristics, is configured to change its thermal conductivity under preset temperature conditions, and forms a multi-node heat channel network to achieve heat flow diversion and conduction regulation.

[0018] Furthermore, the use of phase-change composites enables the thermally conductive structural layer to adjust its thermal conductivity within a specific temperature range, automatically adjusting the conduction characteristics of the heat flow channel based on changes in internal temperature. This dynamic adjustment mechanism distributes heat to the areas most in need within the aircraft's air conditioning system, achieving optimal thermal management.

[0019] Preferably, the environmental perception module includes a temperature sensor, a radiation intensity sensor, an infrared spectrum monitor and a heat flow sensor, which are used to provide multi-dimensional environmental and structural status input data.

[0020] Furthermore, the diversified sensors of the environmental perception module can comprehensively collect data on the external environment and the surface status of the aircraft air conditioning vehicle, providing accurate input data for the control module. Through real-time monitoring by these sensors, the system can efficiently obtain changes in external heat load and structural surface temperature, thereby performing precise adjustment and optimization.

[0021] Preferably, the control module is based on the constructed heat flow network G = (V, E), by optimizing the thermal conductivity parameter k of each edge ij , achieving the target flux matching of the heat flux path, where the heat flux satisfies:

[0022] q ij =k ij (T i -T j );

[0023] in:

[0024] V: a set of nodes representing the thermal control units in the system;

[0025] E: edge set, representing the heat flow path between nodes;

[0026] k ij : thermal conductivity between nodes i and j;

[0027] q ij : heat flux from node i to node j;

[0028] T i 、T j : are the temperatures of node i and node j respectively.

[0029] Furthermore, the control module constructs a heat flow network and optimizes thermal conductivity parameters to achieve the optimal heat flow path. This graph-based thermal management approach accurately calculates the heat flux of each heat channel, ensuring efficient heat distribution and flow, thereby improving the overall thermal management efficiency of the system.

[0030] Preferably, the control module is deployed using an edge computing architecture, and the thermal-optical collaborative control algorithm is locally run by the embedded processor to implement control logic execution independently of the central server. The core formula of the thermal-optical collaborative control algorithm is as follows:

[0031]

[0032] in:

[0033] ΔT total : The temperature adjustment value of the system, that is, the total temperature change output by the control module;

[0034] n: the number of thermal zones in the system for thermal-optical coordinated regulation, i.e., the number of each thermal regulation module in the system;

[0035] α i : the radiation regulation coefficient associated with the i-th module, reflecting the response ability of the radiation cooling coating to heat;

[0036] I i : The actual irradiance intensity at the location of the i-th module;

[0037] I req : The set target irradiation intensity, that is, the ideal irradiation value set according to system requirements and environmental conditions;

[0038] β i : The spectral control coefficient associated with the i-th module, affecting the response characteristics of the spectral control layer;

[0039] ∈ i : The infrared radiation emissivity of the surface of the i-th module, which represents the surface's ability to reflect or absorb infrared radiation;

[0040] T env : Ambient temperature, that is, the temperature of the environment in which the current system is located;

[0041] T sur : Surface temperature of the i-th module surface.

[0042] Furthermore, the use of an edge computing architecture can reduce the system's reliance on central servers, improving response speed and processing efficiency. Through a thermal-optical collaborative control algorithm, this system can quickly and flexibly adjust the temperature changes of each thermal regulation module, achieving more precise temperature control and dynamically adjusting according to environmental conditions and needs.

[0043] Preferably, the response execution module realizes selective adjustment of the incident light band by controlling the orientation state of the liquid crystal control array, and realizes local reconfiguration of the heat flow path by controlling the opening and closing of the heat conduction path unit.

[0044] Furthermore, the response execution module can flexibly adjust the optical response of the liquid crystal array and locally adjust the thermal path according to system control instructions. This flexible adjustment mechanism further improves the adaptability of the system, ensuring that heat flow can be effectively controlled and overheating can be prevented under different thermal load conditions.

[0045] Preferably, the state feedback module obtains the surface temperature, local heat flux and infrared emission state after regulation in real time, and triggers the control module to update the control parameters to achieve dynamic closed-loop regulation.

[0046] Furthermore, the state feedback module monitors the structural status in real time and provides timely feedback to the control module, enabling it to automatically update control parameters after each adjustment cycle, achieving dynamic closed-loop feedback regulation. Through this mechanism, the system can continuously optimize performance and ensure optimal thermal management at all times.

[0047] Preferably, the multi-layer structure works in conjunction with the control module to adjust the spectral response parameters and the thermal conductivity path configuration in conjunction with each other according to the solar radiation intensity, surface temperature gradient and heat flux density state for dynamic thermal management control.

[0048] Furthermore, the synergistic effect of the multi-layered structure and control modules enables intelligent adjustment of spectral response and thermal path configuration under various environmental conditions, achieving efficient dynamic thermal management. Real-time monitoring and adjustment of parameters such as solar radiation intensity, surface temperature gradient, and heat flux density ensure that the aircraft air conditioning vehicle maintains excellent temperature control in various complex environments, preventing overheating and energy waste.

[0049] The present invention provides an aircraft air conditioning vehicle overheating protection system based on a radiant cooling coating. It has the following beneficial effects:

[0050] 1. This invention utilizes a multi-layered composite thermal management solution based on a radiative cooling coating and a spectral control structure. By intelligently and dynamically adjusting the heat flow path and radiant emission, it effectively reflects external thermal radiation and optimizes internal heat dissipation. Compared to conventional passive heat dissipation materials, this invention improves overall thermal management efficiency by real-time regulating the coating emissivity and the thermal conductivity of the heat-conducting layer. This also addresses the inability of conventional technologies to precisely control the heat flow path.

[0051] 2. This invention combines advanced phase-change composite materials with thermal channel network optimization technology. By adjusting the thermal conductivity of the heat-conducting layer and configuring heat flow channels, it successfully achieves heat flow diversion and conduction control. Compared with the existing technology that uses a single thermally conductive material, this solution solves the shortcomings of uneven heat flow paths and the difficulty of fixed thermal conductivity in adapting to complex environmental changes during thermal management, providing a flexible and efficient thermal regulation method.

[0052] 3. This invention incorporates a closed-loop feedback mechanism and intelligent control algorithm. By monitoring the thermal physical state in real time and transmitting feedback data to the control module, it ensures that the system can adaptively adjust the thermal management strategy during actual operation. Compared with existing control schemes that rely on fixed adjustment parameters, this invention can achieve dynamic and real-time thermal regulation under various environmental conditions, effectively avoiding thermal overload and uneven heat dissipation.

[0053] 4. By combining an environmental perception module with an edge computing architecture, this invention enables autonomous operation and intelligent control of the system within the vehicle environment. The system can adjust control strategies based on real-time data collected about temperature, radiation intensity, and heat flow. Compared to traditional solutions that rely on centralized server processing, this invention not only reduces reliance on external computing resources but also improves system response speed and reliability. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0054] Figure 1 This is a system framework diagram of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0055] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the drawings in the present specification. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0056] Please see the attached Figure 1 An embodiment of the present invention provides an aircraft air conditioning vehicle overheating protection system based on a radiative cooling coating, comprising:

[0057] Module 1: Multi-layer composite structure module

[0058] In this embodiment, the multi-layer composite structural module is installed on the outer shell of the aircraft air conditioning vehicle. Its multi-layered structure effectively manages heat, thereby preventing malfunction or performance degradation of the aircraft air conditioning vehicle due to overheating. The multi-layer composite structural module includes at least one radiative cooling coating layer, a spectrum-modulating structural layer, and a heat-conducting structural layer with adjustable thermal conductivity.

[0059] First, the radiative cooling coating, a key functional layer in this system, exhibits high reflectivity of solar radiation within a specific wavelength range and high emission of far-infrared radiation. Specifically, the radiative cooling coating effectively reflects solar radiation, reducing the impact of external heat on the AAC's surface temperature. Simultaneously, the coating efficiently emits internal heat within the far-infrared, maintaining the AAC's surface temperature within an ideal range. This coating's design takes into account the diverse environmental conditions faced by AACs, effectively regulating heat loads across a wide range of climates. The radiative cooling coating's performance is optimized through its spectral characteristics to match thermal management requirements.

[0060] Next, the spectrum-modulating structural layer, serving as the second structural layer, further optimizes heat management by adjusting the wavelength range of radiation passing through it. This layer includes control elements such as a liquid crystal array, photoresponsive nanostructures, or electrochromic materials. By varying the transmission angle or wavelength response range, it can adjust the radiation response characteristics according to changes in the external environment and internal temperature, thereby adjusting the emission range to match the radiative cooling coating. By adjusting the spectral response, this spectrum-modulating structural layer achieves dynamic heat management, ensuring effective heat reflection and dissipation and maintaining internal temperature balance.

[0061] Furthermore, the thermally conductive structural layer with adjustable thermal conductivity is used to further adjust the heat flow path and regulate heat flux. This layer utilizes a phase-change composite material that automatically changes its thermal conductivity under preset temperature conditions, thereby regulating heat flow. By adjusting thermal conductivity, the thermally conductive structural layer enables dynamic heat distribution under varying heat load conditions. By constructing a multi-node heat channel network, this layer allows heat flow to flow between multiple nodes, effectively preventing heat accumulation and ensuring stable temperatures across all parts of the aircraft air conditioning vehicle. This design further enhances the flexibility and precision of thermal management.

[0062] In this embodiment, the multi-layer composite structure module and the control module form a synergistic effect. The environmental perception module acquires data on the external environment's solar radiation intensity and temperature, as well as the heat flux state of the multi-layer composite structure's surface. Based on this data, the control module runs a thermal-optical coupling control algorithm, generates corresponding control instructions, and adjusts the spectral response of the spectral control layer and the thermal conductivity distribution of the thermal conductive layer through the response execution module. The system operates by dynamically adjusting the emission characteristics of the radiative cooling coating, the transmission characteristics of the spectral control layer, and the thermal conductivity of the thermal conductive layer to achieve precise thermal management and prevent overheating in air-conditioned vehicles.

[0063] Furthermore, the heat flow network plays an important role in thermal management. By optimizing thermal conductivity parameters, the heat flow network can effectively conduct heat between nodes, ensuring the proper distribution and control of heat flow. In the heat channel network, optimizing thermal conductivity helps control the distribution of heat flow paths, thereby ensuring improved heat conduction efficiency within the system. The temperature change and heat flow of each node are calculated using a formula to achieve dynamic adjustment and optimization.

[0064] In actual operation, as the environment and system status change, the control module can adjust the thermal management strategy based on real-time feedback to ensure that the system always maintains optimal temperature control. This control process is automated and intelligent, achieving closed-loop regulation through real-time thermophysical state feedback, ensuring that the system's thermal stability is maintained under different operating conditions.

[0065] Module 2: Environmental Perception Module

[0066] In this embodiment, the environmental sensing module is used to collect information about the intensity and temperature of solar radiation outside the aircraft air conditioning vehicle, as well as the heat flux on the surface of the multi-layer composite structure. This module plays a crucial role in the entire system. By monitoring the external environment and structural status in real time, it provides the necessary input data to the control module, enabling the operation of the thermal-optical coupled control algorithm.

[0067] Specifically, the environmental perception module includes multiple sensor units, including temperature sensors, irradiance sensors, infrared spectrum monitors, and heat flow sensors. The functions of each sensor unit are as follows:

[0068] Temperature sensors: These sensors monitor real-time temperature changes on the exterior of aircraft air conditioning vehicles and on the surfaces of multi-layer composite structures. Temperature changes directly impact the system's thermal management strategy, so accurate temperature data is crucial to the operation of the control system.

[0069] Irradiance Sensor: This sensor measures the intensity of external solar radiation, or the energy input from the sun. Changes in solar radiation intensity directly impact the heat load on the aircraft's air conditioning carts. Therefore, accurate irradiance data helps the control module determine whether thermal management adjustments are necessary.

[0070] Infrared Spectrum Monitor: This device monitors the infrared radiation emission characteristics of aircraft air conditioning vehicle surfaces. By analyzing the surface's infrared radiation, we can understand its thermal state and the efficiency of the radiative cooling coating. The collection of infrared radiation data provides a basis for adjusting the spectral control structure layer.

[0071] Heat flow sensor: This sensor is primarily used to monitor the heat flow state on the surface of multilayer composite structures, specifically the conduction and distribution of heat. The magnitude and direction of heat flow play a decisive role in the system's temperature control. The heat flow data collected by the sensor is fed back to the control module to help determine whether heat conduction is achieving the desired effect.

[0072] The environmental perception module operates by continuously monitoring these environmental parameters and transmitting the collected data in real time to the control module. Based on these data changes, the control module, incorporating a thermal-optical coupling control algorithm, generates adjustment instructions and outputs them to the response execution module. This process enables dynamic thermal management control.

[0073] In the thermal-optical coupling control algorithm, the control module optimizes the thermal path and adjusts the spectral response based on collected data such as solar radiation intensity, external temperature, and surface heat flux. Specifically, by utilizing the state of radiation intensity and surface heat flux, the control module can precisely adjust the transmission spectral response range of the spectral control structure layer, thereby effectively managing external heat.

[0074] Heat flux calculation formula

[0075]

[0076] Where Q is the heat flux per unit surface, σ is the Stefan-Boltzmann constant, ∈ is the infrared emissivity of the surface, and T s is the surface temperature, T env is the ambient temperature, A is the area of the heat channel, and dA is the area element used for integration to calculate the total heat flux.

[0077] Spectral control coefficient and thermal conductivity optimization formula

[0078]

[0079] Where H is the spectrum control response coefficient, η i is the spectrum control coefficient of the i-th module, δ iis the spectral response threshold of the i-th module, I ext (λ i ) is the external radiation intensity received by the i-th module, I ref (λ i ) is the reference irradiance, λ i is the characteristic wavelength of the i-th wavelength interval, and n is the total number of modules.

[0080] Using the above formula, the data collected by the sensors of the environmental perception module can be used to calculate heat flow and spectral regulation. The control module adjusts the thermal management strategy based on this data to achieve the best temperature control effect.

[0081] The environmental perception module in this embodiment collects environmental data from various dimensions, providing precise input information to the system, enabling refined dynamic thermal management. The collaborative operation of the environmental perception module and the control module ensures that the system can rapidly respond to changes in the external environment under different operating conditions, precisely adjusting the operating status of each module and ensuring that the aircraft air conditioning vehicle can operate efficiently and stably even under complex external conditions.

[0082] Module 3: Control Module

[0083] In this embodiment, the control module is connected to the environmental sensing module and, based on the collected data, executes a thermal-optical coupling control algorithm to generate control instructions for adjusting the spectral control layer and the thermal conductive layer. This control module is the core of the system, responsible for performing real-time thermal management adjustments based on the external environment and surface condition data collected by the environmental sensing module, and generating corresponding control instructions to ensure optimal thermal stability under different operating conditions.

[0084] The control module's operating principle relies on a precise thermal-optical coupling control algorithm. This algorithm dynamically calculates and optimizes the heat flux path based on information such as external ambient temperature, solar radiation intensity, surface temperature, and heat flow status, adjusting the response of the spectral control and thermal conductive structural layers. Based on data obtained from the environmental sensing module, the control module uses a constructed heat flow network to regulate the heat flux at each node in the system and optimize thermal conductivity parameters to achieve the target heat flux.

[0085] In the implementation of a heat flow network, the control module adjusts the heat flow path by optimizing the thermal conductivity parameters of each edge. Specifically, the heat flow network consists of multiple nodes, each representing a thermal control unit in the system. Nodes are connected by edges, which represent the heat flow paths. By adjusting the thermal conductivity parameters of the edges, the control module can effectively regulate the flow and transfer of heat to ensure an even distribution of the system's heat load and prevent overheating.

[0086] The control module is based on the constructed heat flow network G = (V, E), by optimizing the thermal conductivity parameter k of each edge ij , achieving the target flux matching of the heat flux path, where the heat flux satisfies:

[0087] q ij =k ij (T i -T j );

[0088] in:

[0089] V: a set of nodes representing the thermal control units in the system;

[0090] E: edge set, representing the heat flow path between nodes;

[0091] k ij : thermal conductivity between nodes i and j;

[0092] q ij : heat flux from node i to node j;

[0093] T i 、T j : are the temperatures of node i and node j respectively.

[0094] In addition, the control module is deployed using an edge computing architecture, with the thermal-optical collaborative control algorithm running locally on an embedded processor, enabling independent execution of control logic. This architecture enables the control module to respond to changes in the external environment in real time, performing control operations independently of the central server, and avoiding response delays caused by network delays or communication interruptions. The core formula of the thermal-optical collaborative control algorithm is as follows:

[0095]

[0096] in:

[0097] ΔT total : The temperature adjustment value of the system, that is, the total temperature change output by the control module;

[0098] n: the number of thermal zones in the system for thermal-optical coordinated regulation, i.e., the number of each thermal regulation module in the system;

[0099] α i : the radiation regulation coefficient associated with the i-th module, reflecting the response ability of the radiation cooling coating to heat;

[0100] I i : The actual irradiance intensity at the location of the i-th module;

[0101] I req: The set target irradiation intensity, that is, the ideal irradiation value set according to system requirements and environmental conditions;

[0102] β i : The spectral control coefficient associated with the i-th module, affecting the response characteristics of the spectral control layer;

[0103] ∈ i : The infrared radiation emissivity of the surface of the i-th module, which represents the surface's ability to reflect or absorb infrared radiation;

[0104] T env : Ambient temperature, that is, the temperature of the environment in which the current system is located;

[0105] T sur : Surface temperature of the i-th module surface

[0106] Using this algorithm, the control module calculates and generates adjustment instructions in real time to control the operating states of the spectrum control and thermal conductivity layers. The goal of these adjustments is to minimize the impact of external heat loads on the system and optimize the heat transfer path within the system to ensure that the system temperature remains within the ideal range. The control module's autonomous adjustment capabilities enable efficient and stable thermal management across the entire system under diverse environmental conditions.

[0107] In summary, the control module achieves refined management of each module within the system through dynamic adjustment based on a thermal-optical coupling control algorithm. Through edge computing architecture and real-time data processing, the control module can operate independently of the central server and effectively respond to changes in the external environment, ensuring the continuous and stable operation of the aircraft air conditioning vehicle's temperature control system under complex operating conditions.

[0108] Module 4: Response Execution Module

[0109] In this embodiment, the response execution module is used to dynamically adjust the spectral response of the spectral control structure layer and the thermal conductivity distribution of the thermal conductive structure layer based on the control instructions output by the control module. As the core unit for command conversion and physical action execution in the system, the response execution module's structure and functional design directly influence the control accuracy and response efficiency.

[0110] The response execution module establishes a communication connection with the control module, receiving and interpreting control commands output by the thermal-optical coupling control algorithm. Based on the parameter values in the control commands, this module adjusts the transmittance, reflectivity, and absorption spectrum of the spectral control structure layer, thereby regulating radiant energy at different wavelengths. Furthermore, the response execution module adjusts the state of the variable thermal conductivity units in the thermally conductive structure layer, dynamically adjusting the spatial distribution of thermal conductivity to match the desired heat flow path within the system.

[0111] The spectral control layer preferably includes multiple substructure units with adjustable spectral responses. Each unit has an independent electronically controlled mechanism, such as one that controls its surface equivalent refractive index through voltage, stress, or magnetic field. The response execution module independently adjusts each substructure unit to control its transmission or reflection characteristics within the target wavelength range, thereby achieving thermal radiation control.

[0112] To achieve spatial control of thermal conductivity, the thermally conductive structural layer is equipped with multiple variable-thermal conductivity units. These units are embedded with thermotropic or phase-change materials, whose thermal conductivity can reversibly change in response to a signal stimulus. The response execution module optimizes the parameters of the heat flow map specified in the control instructions, driving each unit to the corresponding state, thus constructing a dynamically controllable thermal network.

[0113] In terms of control strategy, the response execution module has an internal parameter conversion mechanism that parses the standard instruction format output by the control module into control signals that can be recognized by each execution unit. This module preferably includes a local low-power processing unit and a drive interface unit to implement functions such as data parsing, status updates, and execution feedback.

[0114] To further improve the control accuracy, the response execution module performs the adjustment process according to the following two sets of core formulas during operation:

[0115] Spectral regulation coefficient calculation formula:

[0116]

[0117] Among them, α i represents the adjustment intensity coefficient of the i-th spectral unit; R i is the reflectance of the unit at the current wavelength; T i is the current unit surface temperature; T target,i The desired set temperature for the location; γ i It is a response sensitivity parameter, which is set according to the unit material and structure type.

[0118] Thermal conductivity structure control formula:

[0119]

[0120] in, is the adjusted thermal conductivity of the i-th region; is the basic thermal conductivity; Δκ i is the adjustment amount; β i is the thermal conductivity control response coefficient; and are the expected and current heat fluxes respectively; A i is the effective heat conduction area of the unit.

[0121] In practical applications, the response execution module analyzes and implements these two types of control instructions, enabling the system to bidirectionally regulate both radiant heat input and heat flow paths. Guided by the control module's output instructions, the system adaptively adjusts its physical structure through the response execution module, enabling the spectral control layer and the thermal conductivity layer to respond to environmental disturbances of different dimensions, achieving closed-loop control of the overall system's temperature control objectives.

[0122] In summary, the response execution module provided in this embodiment not only has the ability to analyze and execute multidimensional control signals, but also enables refined regulation of thermal-optical physical properties, significantly enhancing the system's adaptability and ability to maintain thermal stability in complex environments. As the end effector of the thermal-optical coupling control strategy, this module offers the technical advantages of a clear implementation path and comprehensive control methods, ensuring stable and reliable operation of aircraft air conditioning vehicles in diverse thermal environments.

[0123] Module 5: State Feedback Module

[0124] In this embodiment, the state feedback module monitors the thermal physical state of the system after structural adjustments in real time and feeds the results back to the control module, enabling closed-loop corrections to the control algorithm. This module is a key component in the system's adaptive adjustment process, ensuring that the entire thermal management system can dynamically adjust and maintain optimal performance during operation.

[0125] The specific implementation is as follows:

[0126] This module first integrates multiple sensors and monitoring devices capable of sensing and measuring changes in various thermal physical quantities within the system in real time, including surface temperature, irradiance intensity, infrared radiation intensity, heat flux, and other physical quantities. Data from these sensors enables comprehensive monitoring of the current thermal state.

[0127] The core task of the state feedback module is to transmit the monitored thermophysical state data to the control module as part of the input data. The control module uses this feedback data to perform further calculations and optimizations to precisely adjust the response of the coating, light-control array, and thermal conductive layer.

[0128] To this end, the state feedback module needs to have the following technical characteristics:

[0129] The state feedback module uses multiple sensors to collect multi-dimensional data, primarily measuring physical parameters such as surface temperature, irradiance intensity, infrared radiation spectrum, and heat flux variations. These sensors are located in key areas of the thermal management system, such as the radiant coating surface, the interface between the thermally conductive layer and the optical control layer, and the air flow path. By monitoring this data in real time, the state feedback module can gain a comprehensive understanding of the current thermal management status.

[0130] The state feedback module processes and transmits data collected by various sensors in real time through an embedded computing unit, ensuring efficient transmission and timely updates of feedback data. The embedded computing unit feeds real-time changes in physical state back to the control module via a data acquisition interface, enabling the control module to respond and adjust system status in the shortest possible time.

[0131] The core function of the state feedback module is to implement closed-loop corrections to the control algorithm. While the control module adjusts the system based on the current heat load, the state feedback module transmits thermal status data in real time, allowing the control module to fine-tune the adjustment strategy based on this feedback data. This closed-loop feedback mechanism enables the system to adaptively adjust the coating's radiant efficiency, the thermal conductivity of the thermally conductive layer, and the transmittance of the light-control film based on changes in the external environment and internal heat flow.

[0132] In the feedback module, the collected data is further converted into changes in heat flow through a thermophysical model. With the help of the state feedback module, the control module can update the corresponding physical state parameters through the optimization model. To achieve this, the system needs to establish a relationship model between heat flow and physical quantities.

[0133] The heat flow inside the system is q total , which can be calculated by the following formula:

[0134] q total =∑ i κ i (T i -T i-1 );

[0135] Among them, κ i represents the thermal conductivity of the i-th layer material, T i and T i-1 are the temperatures of the i-th layer and the i-1-th layer respectively. The feedback module needs to convert T i and T i-1 The isothermal data is transmitted to the control module for calculating the total heat flux and further adjusting the response of the thermal layer.

[0136] At the same time, the feedback module also needs to consider the radiation emission capability of the coating and the change in the transmittance of the light control film to calculate its heat transfer and radiation efficiency. The following formula describes the coating radiation heat flux q radiation :

[0137]

[0138] where ε is the emissivity of the radiative coating, σ is the Stefan-Boltzmann constant, T is the surface temperature of the system, and T sky is the sky temperature. The state feedback module compares the monitored T data with the external ambient temperature T skyThe changes in are transmitted to the control module through the feedback mechanism to adjust the working state of the radiation coating.

[0139] The state feedback module is highly time-sensitive, accurately capturing and transmitting thermal status data in real time. In complex, dynamic environments, thermal loads can change rapidly, requiring the system to respond to these changes in a fraction of the time. This timely feedback mechanism ensures that the thermal management system maintains optimal thermal control even in extreme weather conditions and during frequent starts and stops.

[0140] Based on feedback data, the control module optimizes parameters such as heat flow path, thermal conductivity, and spectral response. The state feedback module transmits detected errors and changes through a feedback loop, and in conjunction with the control module's optimization algorithm, dynamically adjusts parameters to maintain optimal system performance. The control algorithm's optimization process is achieved by combining strategies for minimizing heat flow with maximizing thermal balance.

[0141] While embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations may be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, and that the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. An aircraft air conditioning vehicle overheating protection system based on a radiation cooling coating, characterized in that: include: A multi-layer composite structure module is installed on the outer shell of the aircraft air conditioning vehicle. The multi-layer composite structure includes at least one layer of radiative cooling coating, a layer of spectrum regulation structure, and a layer of heat conductive structure with adjustable thermal conductivity. It is used to achieve reflection of external thermal radiation, dissipation of internal heat, and dynamic adjustment of the heat flow path; an environmental sensing module, configured to collect the solar radiation intensity and temperature outside the aircraft air conditioning vehicle and the heat flux state of the surface of the multi-layer composite structure; A control module, connected to the environmental sensing module, runs a heat-light coupling control algorithm based on the collected data to generate control instructions for adjusting the spectrum control structure layer and the heat conduction structure layer; a response execution module, configured to adjust the spectral response state of the spectrum regulation structure layer and the thermal conductivity distribution of the thermal conductive structure layer according to the control instruction output by the control module; The state feedback module is used to monitor the thermophysical state of the structure after adjustment in real time and provide feedback to the control module to achieve closed-loop correction of the control algorithm.

2. The aircraft air conditioning vehicle overheating protection system based on radiative cooling coating according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The radiation cooling coating has high reflectivity for solar radiation in the 0.3-2.5 μm band and high emissivity for far-infrared radiation in the 8-13 μm band.

3. The aircraft air conditioning vehicle overheating protection system based on radiative cooling coating according to claim 1, characterized in that: The spectrum control structure layer is a control unit composed of a liquid crystal array, a light-responsive nanostructure or an electrochromic material, and is used to match the optimal emission range of the radiation cooling coating by changing the transmission angle or wavelength response range.

4. The aircraft air conditioning vehicle overheating protection system based on radiative cooling coating according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The heat-conducting structural layer includes a phase-change composite material with temperature-responsive characteristics, is configured to change its thermal conductivity under preset temperature conditions, and forms a multi-node heat channel network to achieve heat flow diversion and conduction regulation.

5. The aircraft air conditioning vehicle overheating protection system based on radiative cooling coating according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The environmental perception module includes a temperature sensor, an irradiance intensity sensor, an infrared spectrum monitor and a heat flow sensor, which are used to provide multi-dimensional environmental and structural status input data.

6. The aircraft air conditioning vehicle overheating protection system based on radiative cooling coating according to claim 1, characterized in that: The control module is based on the constructed heat flow network G = (V, E) by optimizing the thermal conductivity parameter k of each edge. ij , achieving the target flux matching of the heat flux path, where the heat flux satisfies: q ij =k ij (T i -T j ); in: V: a set of nodes representing the thermal control units in the system; E: edge set, representing the heat flow path between nodes; k ij : thermal conductivity between node i and node j; q ij : heat flux from node i to node j; T i 、T j : are the temperatures of node i and node j respectively.

7. The aircraft air conditioning vehicle overheating protection system based on radiative cooling coating according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The control module is deployed using an edge computing architecture. The embedded processor runs the thermal-optical collaborative control algorithm locally, implementing control logic execution independently of the central server. The core formula of the thermal-optical collaborative control algorithm is as follows: in: ΔT total : The temperature adjustment value of the system, that is, the total temperature change output by the control module; n: the number of thermal zones in the system for thermal-optical coordinated regulation, i.e., the number of each thermal regulation module in the system; α i : the radiation regulation coefficient associated with the i-th module, reflecting the response ability of the radiation cooling coating to heat; I i : The actual irradiance intensity at the location of the i-th module; I req : The set target irradiation intensity, that is, the ideal irradiation value set according to system requirements and environmental conditions; β i : The spectral control coefficient associated with the i-th module, affecting the response characteristics of the spectral control layer; ∈ i : The infrared radiation emissivity of the surface of the i-th module, which represents the surface's ability to reflect or absorb infrared radiation; T env : Ambient temperature, that is, the temperature of the environment in which the current system is located; T sur : Surface temperature of the i-th module surface.

8. The aircraft air conditioning vehicle overheating protection system based on radiative cooling coating according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The response execution module realizes selective adjustment of the incident light band by controlling the orientation state of the liquid crystal control array, and realizes local reconfiguration of the heat flow path by opening and closing control of the heat conduction path unit.

9. The aircraft air conditioning vehicle overheating protection system based on radiative cooling coating according to claim 1, characterized in that: The state feedback module obtains the surface temperature, local heat flow and infrared emission state after regulation in real time, and triggers the control module to update the control parameters to achieve dynamic closed-loop regulation.

10. The aircraft air conditioning vehicle overheating protection system based on radiative cooling coating according to claim 1, characterized in that: The multi-layer structure works in conjunction with the control module to adjust the spectral response parameters and the thermal conduction path configuration in conjunction with the solar radiation intensity, surface temperature gradient, and heat flux density state for dynamic thermal management control.

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